Claims
- 1. A projection apparatus for projecting an image of an original from an object plane to a plane of projection comprising: a plurality of projection optical systems disposed between the object plane and the plane of projection and along a predetermined direction, wherein said two planes are at least partially opposed and are fixed relative to each other, and wherein each projection optical system comprises a first and a second lens arranged coaxially with the optical axis of said optical system so that the first lens forms an intermediate image of a portion of said object plane between the first and second lenses and said second lens reforms said intermediate image on a portion of said projection plane, the length of each lens measured along the optical axis being larger than the effective diameter thereof, wherein the first lens is an exit side telecentric lens and the second lens is an incident side telecentric lens;
- a driving apparatus for producing a relative movement between said projection optical system and said object and projection planes;
- a member for supporting the original on said object plane; and
- a member for supporting a photosensitive member on said projection plane.
- 2. A projection apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of each lens measured along the optical axis is 2 to 60 times larger than the effective diameter thereof.
- 3. A projection apparatus including a projection optical system for forming on a plane of projection a mirror image of an object lying on an object plane, characterized in that said projection optical system comprises a first and a second lens arranged coaxially so that the first lens forms an intermediate image between said first and second lenses, and the second lens reforms said intermediate image on the projection plane, in that the construction data and effective diameter of said first lens are given by: ##EQU11##
- r.sub.2 =(1-n'.sub.1).times..beta..sub.1 S.sub.1
- d'.sub.1 =n'.sub.1 .times..beta..sub.1 S.sub.1 ##EQU12## where, r.sub.1 is the radius of curvature of the object space side surface of the first lens,
- r.sub.2 is the radius of curvature of the image space side surface of the first lens,
- d'.sub.1 is the lens thickness of the first lens along the optical axis between said object space side surface and said image space side surface,
- .PHI..sub.1 is the effective diameter of the first lens,
- .PHI..sub.0 is the size of object,
- n'.sub.1 is refractive index of medium of the first lens to its design wave length,
- .beta..sub.1 is the lateral magnification of the first lens,
- S.sub.1 is the distance from the object space side surface of the first lens to the object plane along the optical axis, S'.sub.2 is the distance from the image space side surface to the intermediate image plane along the optical axis and
- Fe is the effective F number at the object space side; and
- in that the construction data and effective diameter of the second lens are given by: ##EQU13## wherein, r.sub.3 is the radius of curvature of the object space side surface of the second lens,
- r.sub.4 is the radius of curvature of the image space side surface of the second lens,
- d'.sub.2 is the lens thickness of the second lens between the object space side surface and the image space side surface along the optical axis,
- .PHI..sub.3 is the effective diameter of the second lens,
- .PHI..sub.4 is the size of the image projected on the projected plane by the second lens,
- n'.sub.2 is the refractive index of medium of the second lens to its design wave length,
- .beta..sub.2 is the lateral magnification of the second lens,
- S.sub.3 is the distance from the object space side surface of the second lens to the intermediate image plane along the optical axis,
- S'.sub.4 is the distance from the image space side surface of the second lens to the projected image along the optical axis and
- Fe' is the effective F number of the image space side surface of the second lens.
- 4. A projection apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein
- r.sub.3 =-r.sub.2
- r.sub.4 =-r.sub.1
- d'.sub.2 =d'.sub.1
- n'.sub.2 =n'.sub.1
- .PHI..sub.3 =.PHI..sub.1
- .PHI..sub.4 =.PHI..sub.0
- .beta..sub.2 =1/.beta..sub.1
- S.sub.3 =-S'.sub.2
- S'.sub.4 =-S.sub.1 and
- Fe'=Fe.
- 5. A projection apparatus including a projection optical system for forming on a plane of projection a mirror image of an object lying on an object plane, characterized in that said projection optical system comprises a first and a second lens arranged coaxially so that said first lens forms an intermediate image between said first and second lenses, and the second lens reforms said intermediate image on the projection plane, and that the construction data and the effective diameter of the first lens are given by: ##EQU14##
- K.sub.1 .times.(1-n'.sub.1).times..beta..sub.1 S.sub.1 .gtoreq.r.sub.2 .gtoreq.K.sub.2 .times.(1-n'.sub.1).times..beta..sub.1 S.sub.1
- K.sub.1 .times.n'.sub.1 .times..beta..sub.1 S.sub.1 .ltoreq.d'.sub.1 .ltoreq.K.sub.2 .times.n'.sub.1 .times..beta..sub.1 S.sub.1 ##EQU15## wherein, r.sub.1 is the radius of curvature of the object space side surface of the first lens,
- r.sub.2 is the radius of curvature of the image space side surface of the first lens,
- d'.sub.1 is the lens thickness of the first lens between the object space side surface and the image space side surface along the optical axis,
- .PHI..sub.1 is the effective diameter of the first lens,
- .PHI..sub.0 is the size of the object,
- n'.sub.1 is the refractive index of medium of the first lens to its design wave length,
- .beta..sub.1 is the lateral magnification of the first lens,
- S.sub.1 is the distance from the object space side surface of the first lens to the object plane along the optical axis,
- S'.sub.2 is the distance from the image space side surface of the first lens to the intermediate image plane along the optical axis,
- Fe is the effective F number of the object space side surface of the first lens,
- K.sub.1 =0.9 and K.sub.2 =1.1,
- and the construction data of effective diameter of the second lens are given by: ##EQU16## wherein, r.sub.3 is the radius of curvature of the object space side surface of the second lens,
- r.sub.4 is the radius of curvature of the image space side surface of the second lens,
- d'.sub.2 is the lens thickness of the second lens between the object space side surface and the image space side surface along the optical axis,
- .PHI..sub.3 is the effective diameter of the second lens,
- .PHI..sub.4 is the size of the image projected on the projection plane by the second lens,
- n'.sub.2 is the refractive index of medium of the second lens to its design wave length,
- .beta..sub.2 is the lateral magnification of the second lens,
- S.sub.3 is the distance from the object space side surface of the second lens to the intermediate image plane along the optical axis,
- S'.sub.4 is the distance from the image space side surface of the second lens to the projected image along the optical axis,
- Fe' is the effective F number of the image space side surface of the second lens,
- K.sub.1 =0.9 and K.sub.2 =1.1.
- 6. A projection apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein
- r.sub.3 =-r.sub.2
- r.sub.4 =-r.sub.1
- d'.sub.2 =d'.sub.1
- n'.sub.2 =n'.sub.1
- .PHI..sub.3 =.PHI..sub.1
- .PHI..sub.4 =.PHI..sub.0
- .beta..sub.2 =1/.beta..sub.1
- S.sub.3 =-S'.sub.2
- S'.sub.4 =-S.sub.1 and
- Fe'=Fe.
- 7. A copying apparatus comprising:
- an original table for supporting thereon an original to be copied;
- an illumination apparatus for illuminating the original;
- a photosensitive medium;
- a projection lens array for forming an image of the original on the photosensitive medium, each of the projection lenses constituting said lens array comprising a first and a second lens arranged coaxially so that the first lens forms an intermediate image of a portion of the original between said first and second lenses and the second lens reforms said intermediate image on a portion of the photosensitive medium the length of each lens measured along the optical axis being larger than the effective diameter thereof, wherein the first lens is an exit side telecentric lens whereas the second lens is an incident side telecentric lens;
- a charging device for electrically charging said photosensitive medium;
- a developing device for providing a toner image by visualizing an electrostatic image formed by projecting a light image of the original on the charged photosensitive medium;
- a transferring device for transferring said toner image onto a transfer material;
- a fixing device for fixing said toner image transferred onto the transfer material and
- a driving apparatus for producing a relative movement between the projection lens array and the original table and photosensitive medium.
- 8. A projection apparatus for projecting an erect image of an object on a plane of projection comprising:
- a plurality of projection optical systems disposed between the object plane and the plane of projection and along a predetermined direction, wherein said two planes are at least partially opposed and wherein each projection optical system comprises a first and a second bar lens arranged coaxially with the optical axis of said optical system so that the first lens forms an intermediate image of a portion of said object plane between the first and second lenses and said second lens reforms said intermediate image to form an erect image on a portion of said projection plane, each bar lens having a diameter substantially equal to the effective diameter thereof, a length, measured along the optical axis, larger than the effective diameter thereof, and lens surfaces at its opposite ends.
- 9. A projection apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein the first lens is an exit side telecentric lens whereas the second lens is an incident side telecentric lens.
- 10. A projection apparatus for projecting an erect image of an object on a plane of projection comprising:
- a plurality of projection optical systems disposed between the object plane and the plane of projection and along a predetermined direction, wherein said two planes are at least partially opposed and wherein each projection optical system comprises a first and a second bar lens arranged coaxially with the optical axis of said optical system so that the first lens forms an intermediate image of a portion of said object plane between the first and second lenses and said second lens reforms said intermediate image to form an erect image on a portion of said projection plane, each bar lens having a diameter substantially equal to the effective diameter thereof, a length, measured along the optical axis, larger than the effective diameter thereof, and lens surfaces at its opposite ends; and
- a driving apparatus for producing a relative movement between said projection optical system and said object plane.
- 11. A projection apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the first lens is an exit side telecentric lens whereas the second lens is an incident side telecentric lens.
- 12. An erect optical imaging system for copying apparatus forming optical paths for transmitting images from an object to an image surface comprising;
- means for supporting an original object to be copied;
- a first pair of array sets of object lenses having respective thicknesses along their optical axes greater than the radius of curvature of their surface on the object side, each array set offset from the other to provide an overlapping field of view with the other array set, and
- a second pair of array sets of relay lenses having at least the same thickness as the first pair and respectively juxtaposed relative to the first pair of array sets of object lenses to form a plurality of optical paths for collectively transmitting a combined image of an original object positioned to extend beyond the field angle of any one optical path, and
- means for providing an image surface, the refractive power of the object lenses producing a real image directly in the space between the object lens and the relay lens, and the refractive power of the relay lenses producing an erect image on the image surface.
- 13. The invention of claim 12 wherein the entrance refractive power of each of said object lenses is approximately equal to the exit refractive power of each of said relay lenses.
- 14. The invention of claim 12 wherein the exit refractive power of each of said object lenses is approximately equal to the entrance refractive power of each of said relay lenses.
- 15. The invention of claim 12 wherein the exit refractive power of each of said object lenses is approximately equal to the entrance refractive power of each of said relay lenses, and wherein the entrance refractive power of each of said object lenses is approximately equal to the exit refractive power of each of said relay lenses.
- 16. The invention of claim 12 wherein the entrance and exit refractive powers of the object and relay lenses are approximately the same.
- 17. The invention of claim 16 wherein the respective object and relay lenses are conjugate and the intermittent real image between the object and relay lenses is smaller than the object.
- 18. The invention of claim 16 wherein the entrance refractive power of each of said object lenses is approximately equal to the exit refractive power of each of said relay lenses.
- 19. The invention of claim 16 wherein the exit refractive power of each of said object lenses is approximately equal to the entrance refractive power of each of said relay lenses.
- 20. The invention of claim 16 wherein the exit refractive power of each of said object lenses is approximately equal to the entrance refractive power of each of said relay lenses, and wherein the entrance refractive power of each of said object lenses is approximately equal to the exit refractive power of each of said relay lenses.
- 21. The invention of claim 12 further including means for minimizing spherical aberration and field curvature including an aperture opening on each conjugate lens having a maximum effective area approximately no greater than 4 mm.sup.2.
- 22. The invention of claim 12 wherein each object lens and relay lens is formed from a square glass bar.
- 23. The invention of claim 12 wherein each lens is made from a plastic having an index of refraction of approximately 1.57.
- 24. A compact erect optical imaging system for copying apparatus forming optical paths for transmitting images from an object to an image surface comprising:
- means for supporting an original object to be copied;
- a first plurality of object lenses having a thickness along their optical axes greater than the radius of curvature of their object surface, and
- a second plurality of relay lenses juxtaposed relative to the first plurality of object lenses to form array lens sets for transmitting a combined image from an object positioned to extend beyond the field angle of any one set of lenses, the refractive power of the object lenses producing a real image in the space between the object lens and the relay lens;
- means for minimizing spherical aberration and field curvature including an aperture opening for each lens array having a maximum effective area approximately no greater than 4 mm.sup.2, and
- means for providing an image surface.
- 25. The invention of claim 24 wherein each object lens and relay lens is formed from a glass bar.
- 26. The invention of claim 24 wherein the respective object and relay lenses are conjugate and the intermittent real image between the object and relay lenses is smaller than the object.
Priority Claims (3)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
52-37315 |
Mar 1977 |
JPX |
|
52-81571 |
Jul 1977 |
JPX |
|
52-93497 |
Aug 1977 |
JPX |
|
Parent Case Info
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 889,404, filed Mar. 23, 1978, now abandoned.
US Referenced Citations (11)
Non-Patent Literature Citations (1)
Entry |
Wohl, R. J; "Short Length Optical System", IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin; vol. 13, No. 10, Mar. 1971, p. 2947. |
Continuations (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
889404 |
Mar 1978 |
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