Patent Application
20120216934
This application claims priority on Patent Application No. 2011-41171 filed in JAPAN on Feb. 28, 2011. The entire contents of this Japanese Patent Application are hereby incorporated by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to radial tires for use in two-wheeled vehicles.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the viewpoint of enhancement in productivity, a tire production method is sometimes used in which strips formed of an uncrosslinked rubber are helically wound to form components such as tread, sidewalls, and the like. Such a production method may be referred to as a strip winding method. An example of this production method is disclosed in JP2009-39883.
In consideration of enhancement of grip force, a crosslinked rubber having increased energy loss and a low complex elastic modulus is used for a tire tread in some cases. In this tread, an amount of heat generation is increased due to deformation, so that the tread is likely to be heated during running. Therefore, increase of a temperature of a road surface in summer causes excessive increase of the temperature of the tread, which is likely to soften the tread. In this case, a problem arises that the surface of the tread is excessively deformed, and the grip force cannot be sufficiently exerted.
Similarly, also when a long time running is performed in an endurance race or the like, a temperature of a tread is excessively increased due to heat generation, so that the grip force cannot be sufficiently exerted in some cases. Therefore, in a race, plural tires having treads the hardnesses of which are different from each other are prepared, and are selectively used depending on a condition. Thus, adjustment is made such that the grip force can be sufficiently exerted in the tire.
An object of the present invention is to make available a radial tire which is used for a two-wheeled vehicle and is capable of sufficiently exerting a grip force.
A radial tire for use in a two-wheeled vehicle according to the present invention includes a tread having an outer surface that forms a tread surface. The tread includes a body formed of a first rubber composition, and a plurality of support portions that are formed of a second rubber composition, and that are aligned with each other in an axial direction. Each of the plurality of support portions extends from an inner side of the tread toward the tread surface. The support portion is formed so as to be buried in the body. The support portion has a complex elastic modulus E2* that is greater than a complex elastic modulus E1* of the body. The tread is formed by a first strip and a second strip being alternately wound helically. The first strip is formed of the first rubber composition of the body. The second strip is formed of the second rubber composition of the support portion.
Preferably, in the radial tire, a ratio of the complex elastic modulus E2* to the complex elastic modulus E1* is greater than or equal to 1.2, and is less than or equal to 2.0.
Preferably, in the radial tire, the second strip has a thickness that is less than a thickness of the first strip.
Preferably, in the radial tire, a ratio of the thickness of the second strip to the thickness of the first strip is greater than or equal to 0.2.
Preferably, in the radial tire, grooves are formed in the tread surface. A thickness of the body under each of the grooves is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm.
Preferably, in the radial tire, an absolute value of an angle of a direction in which the support portion extends, relative to a radial direction, is greater than or equal to 0 degrees, and is less than or equal to 45 degrees.
A method for producing a radial tire for use in a two-wheeled vehicle according to the present invention includes the steps of
In the radial tire obtained by this production method, the tread includes a body formed of the first rubber composition, and a plurality of support portions that are formed of the second rubber composition, and that are aligned with each other in an axial direction. Each of the plurality of support portions extends from an inner side of the tread toward a tread surface of the tread. The support portion is formed so as to be buried in the body. The support portion has a complex elastic modulus greater than a complex elastic modulus of the body.
In the radial tire of the present invention, the body having a small complex elastic modulus E1* can contribute to exertion of grip force. In the tire, the support portion having a great complex elastic modulus E2* is formed so as to be buried in the body. The support portion can reduce excessive deformation of a surface of the tread. Also when a temperature of a road surface is increased in summer, the tire can sufficiently exert the grip force even in a long time running performed in an endurance race or the like.
The following will describe in detail the present invention based on preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing.
A pneumatic tire 2 shown in
The tread 4 is formed of a crosslinked rubber. The tread 4 has a shape projecting outward in the radial direction. The tread 4 includes a tread surface 20. The tread surface 20 can contact with a road surface. Grooves are formed in the tread surface 20, which is not shown. A tread pattern is formed due to the grooves. The tread 4 may not have grooves formed therein.
The sidewalls 6 extend from the ends, respectively, of the tread 4 approximately inward in the radial direction. The sidewalls 6 are formed of a crosslinked rubber. The sidewalls 6 absorb impact from a road surface due to their flexibility. Further, the sidewalls 6 prevent injury of the carcass 10.
The beads 8 are located approximately inwardly from the sidewalls 6, respectively, in the radial direction. Each bead 8 includes a core 22, and an apex 24 extending from the core 22 outward in the radial direction. The core 22 is formed so as to be ring-shaped. The core 22 is formed so as to be wound with a non-extensible wire. A steel wire is typically used for the core 22. The apex 24 is tapered outward in the radial direction. The apex 24 is formed of a highly hard crosslinked rubber.
The carcass 10 is formed as a carcass ply 26. The carcass ply 26 extends on and between the beads 8 located on both sides, and extends under and along the tread 4 and the sidewalls 6. The carcass ply 26 is turned up around each core 22 from the inner side to the outer side in the axial direction.
The carcass ply 26 is formed of multiple cords aligned with each other, and a topping rubber, which is not shown. An absolute value of an angle of each cord relative to the equator plane usually ranges from 70 degrees to 90 degrees. In other words, the carcass 10 has a radial structure. The tire 2 is superior, in high-speed durability, to tires having carcasses of a bias structure. The cords are typically formed of an organic fiber. Examples of preferable organic fiber include polyester fibers, nylon fibers, rayon fibers, polyethylene naphthalate fibers, and aramid fibers.
The band 12 is located inwardly from the tread 4 in the radial direction. The band 12 is located outwardly of the carcass 10 in the radial direction. The band 12 is layered over the carcass 10. The band 12 includes a cord and a topping rubber, which is not shown. The cord extends substantially in the circumferential direction, and is helically wound. The band 12 has a so-called jointless structure. The band 12 can contribute to rigidity of the tire 2 in the radial direction. Thus, an influence of the centrifugal force exerted during running is reduced. The cord is typically formed of an organic fiber. Examples of preferable organic fiber include nylon fibers, polyester fibers, rayon fibers, polyethylene naphthalate fibers, and aramid fibers.
In the tire 2, the tread 4 includes a body 28 and a plurality of the support portions 30 which are aligned with each other in the axial direction. Each of the plurality of the support portions 30 is layered over and outside the band 12 in the radial direction. The support portion 30 extends from the inner side of the tread 4 toward the tread surface 20.
In the tire 2, the body 28 is formed of a first rubber composition. As shown in the drawings, the body 28 covers the support portion 30. The body 28 forms the tread surface 20. In the tire 2, the body 28 can contact with a road surface.
In the tire 2, a complex elastic modulus E1* of the body 28 is less than a complex elastic modulus E2* of the support portion 30. The body 28 is flexible. The body 28, which is flexible, can contribute to exertion of the grip force of the tire 2. In this viewpoint, the complex elastic modulus E1* of the body 28 is preferably greater than or equal to 2.5 MPa, and is preferably less than or equal to 6.0 MPa.
In the present invention, the complex elastic modulus E1* of the body 28 and the complex elastic modulus E2* of the support portion 30 are measured, in compliance with the standard of “JIS K 6394”, by using a viscoelasticity spectrometer (manufactured by Iwamoto Seisakusho), under the following conditions.
Initial strain: 10%
Amplitude: ±2.5%
Frequency: 10 Hz
Deformation mode: tension
Measurement temperature: 100° C.
In the tire 2, the support portion 30 is formed of a second rubber composition. As shown in the drawings, the support portion 30 is formed so as to be buried in the body 28. In other words, the body 28 is located outwardly of the support portion 30 in the radial direction. In the tire 2, when the tread surface 20 contacts with a road surface, the body 28 is located between the road surface and the support portion 30.
In the tire 2, the support portion 30 has the complex elastic modulus E2* that is greater than the complex elastic modulus E1* of the body 28. The support portion 30 is hard. The support portion 30, which is hard, can contribute to rigidity of the tread 4. The support portion 30 can effectively reduce deformation of the surface of the tread 4. Therefore, also when a temperature of a road surface is high in summer, the tire 2 can sufficiently exert the grip force even in a long time running performed in an endurance race or the like. In this viewpoint, the complex elastic modulus E2* of the support portion 30 is preferably greater than or equal to 3.6 MPa, and is preferably less than or equal to 12.0 MPa.
In the tire 2, in order to enable the support portion 30 to contribute to reduction of deformation of the surface of the tread 4, and enable the body 28 to contribute to exertion of the grip force, a ratio of the complex elastic modulus E2* of the support portion 30 to the complex elastic modulus E1* of the body 28 is preferably greater than or equal to 1.2, and is more preferably greater than or equal to 1.3, and is even more preferably greater than or equal to 1.4. The ratio is preferably less than or equal to 2.0, and is more preferably less than or equal to 1.9, and is even more preferably less than or equal to 1.8.
In
In the tire 2, in order to enable the support portion 30 to effectively contribute to the rigidity, the tilt angle of the support portion 30 is preferably set so as to be small. In this viewpoint, the tilt angle is preferably less than or equal to 45 degrees, and is more preferably less than or equal to 30 degrees, and is particularly preferably less than or equal to 20 degrees. When the center line CS extends parallel to the equator plane, that is, when the center line CS extends in the radial direction, the tilt angle indicates the lower limit value (0 degrees) thereof.
As shown in the drawings, the center line CS of support portion 30 extends in the radial direction. In the tire 2, the tilt angle of the support portion 30 is 0 degrees.
The tire 2 is produced in the following manner. The first rubber composition is extruded, to obtain a first strip which is tape-shaped. The second rubber composition is extruded, to obtain a second strip which is tape-shaped. The first strip and the second strip are put in a former (not shown) together with other components. In the former, these components are combined with each other.
In the former, the inner liner 16 which is sheet-shaped is wound around a drum, and, thereafter, the carcass ply 26 which is also sheet-shaped is wound. Further, a band component formed of a cord and a topping rubber is helically wound over and around the carcass ply 26 which has been formed in a cylindrical shape, thereby forming the band 12. The tread 4 is formed by using the first strip and the second strip. Thus, a raw cover (unvulcanized tire) is obtained.
In this production method, the first strip 34 and the second strip 36 are alternately wound helically, to form the tread 4. As shown in the drawings, the first strip 34 and the second strip 36 are wound such that the cross-section of the first strip 34 and the cross-section of the second strip 36 alternate in the axial direction on the cross-section of the tread 4. This production method is a strip winding method.
In
In this production method, in order to facilitate the forming, the thickness t1 of the first strip 34 is preferably greater than or equal to 0.3 mm, and is preferably less than or equal to 3.0 mm. In the same viewpoint, the thickness t2 of the second strip 36 is preferably greater than or equal to 0.3 mm, and is preferably less than or equal to 3.0 mm.
In this production method, in order to facilitate the forming, the width W1 of the first strip 34 is preferably greater than or equal to 5 mm, and is preferably less than or equal to 20 mm. In the same viewpoint, the width W2 of the second strip 36 is preferably greater than or equal to 5 mm, and is preferably less than or equal to 20 mm.
In this production method, the raw cover is put into a mold. Thus, the outer surface of the raw cover contacts with a cavity surface of the mold. The inner surface of the raw cover contacts with a bladder or a core cylinder. The raw cover is pressurized and heated in the mold. A rubber composition of the raw cover flows due to the raw cover being pressurized and heated. Crosslinking reaction of the rubber occurs due to the raw cover being heated, to obtain the radial tire 2. In the tire 2 having been thus produced, the first strip 34 can form the body 28 of the tread 4, and the second strip 36 can form the support portion 30 of the tread 4.
In this production method, as shown in
In this production method, as shown in
In this production method, for forming the support portion 30 so as to be buried in the body 28, a ratio of the width W1 of the first strip 34 to the width W2 of the second strip 36 is preferably less than or equal to 2.0. In order to enable the support portion 30 to appropriately contribute to reduction of deformation of the surface of the tread 4, the ratio is preferably greater than or equal to 1.2.
In
In the tire 2, a ratio of the height H2 of the support portion 30 to the thickness H of the tread 4 is preferably greater than or equal to 0.5, and is preferably less than 1.0. When the ratio is set so as to be greater than or equal to 0.5, the support portions 30 can effectively contribute to the rigidity of the tire 2. The deformation of the tread 4 is appropriately reduced, so that the tire 2 can sufficiently exert the grip force. When the ratio is set so as to be less than 1.0, the support portion 30 is assuredly covered with the body 28. Thus, the body 28 forms the tread surface 20, and therefore the tire 2 can stably exert the grip force.
In
In the present invention, the dimension and the angle in each member of the tire 2 and the tire described below are measured in a state where the tire 2 is assembled in a normal rim, and the tire 2 is filled with air so as to obtain a normal internal pressure. During the measurement, no load is applied to the tire 2. In the description of the present invention, the normal rim represents a rim which is specified according to the standard with which the tire 2 complies. The “standard rim” in the JATMA standard, the “Design Rim” in the TRA standard, and the “Measuring Rim” in the ETRTO standard are included in the normal rim. In the description of the present invention, the normal internal pressure represents an internal pressure which is specified according to the standard with which the tire 2 complies. The “maximum air pressure” in the JATMA standard, the “maximum value” recited in “TIRE LOAD LIMITS AT VARIOUS COLD INFLATION PRESSURES” in the TRA standard, and the “INFLATION PRESSURE” in the ETRTO standard are included in the normal internal pressure.
The tire 40 includes a tread 42, sidewalls 44, beads 46, a carcass 48, a band 50, wings 52, an inner liner 54, and chafers 56. The tire 40 has the same structure as the tire 2 shown in
The tread 42 of the tire 40 is formed of a crosslinked rubber. The tread 42 has a shape projecting outward in the radial direction. The tread 42 includes a tread surface 58. The tread surface 58 can contact with a road surface.
The tread 42 includes a body 60 and multiple support portions 62 which are aligned with each other in the axial direction. Each of the support portions 62 is layered over and outside the band 50 in the radial direction. The support portion 62 extends from the inner side of the tread 42 toward the tread surface 58.
In the tire 40, the body 60 is formed of a first rubber composition. As shown in the drawings, the body 60 covers the support portion 62. The body 60 forms the tread surface 58. In the tire 40, the body 60 can contact with a road surface.
In the tire 40, a complex elastic modulus E1* of the body 60 is less than a complex elastic modulus E2* of the support portion 62. The body 60 is flexible. The body 60, which is flexible, can contribute to exertion of the grip force of the tire 40. In this viewpoint, the complex elastic modulus E1* of the body 60 is preferably greater than or equal to 2.5 MPa, and is preferably less than or equal to 6.0 MPa.
In the tire 40, the support portion 62 is formed of a second rubber composition. As shown in the drawings, the support portion 62 is formed so as to be buried in the body 60. In the tire 40, when the tread surface 58 contacts with a road surface, the body 60 is located between the road surface and the support portion 62.
In the tire 40, the support portion 62 has the complex elastic modulus E2* that is greater than the complex elastic modulus E1* of the body 60. The support portion 62 is hard. The support portions 62, which is hard, can contribute to rigidity of the tread 42. The support portion 62 can effectively reduce deformation of the surface of the tread 42. Therefore, also when a temperature of a road surface is high in summer, the tire 40 can sufficiently exert the grip force even in a long time running performed in an endurance race or the like. In this viewpoint, the complex elastic modulus E2* of the support portion 62 is preferably greater than or equal to 3.6 MPa, and is preferably less than equal to 12.0 MPa.
In the tire 40, in order to enable the support portion 62 to contribute to reduction of deformation of the surface of the tread 42, and enable the body 60 to contribute to exertion of the grip force, a ratio of the complex elastic modulus E2* of the support portion 62 to the complex elastic modulus E1* of the body 60 is preferably greater than or equal to 1.2, and is more preferably greater than or equal to 1.3, and is even more preferably greater than or equal to 1.4. The ratio is preferably less than or equal to 2.0, and is more preferably less than or equal to 1.9, and is even more preferably less than or equal to 1.8.
As shown in the drawings, the support portion 62 extends so as to be tilted relative to the radial direction. In the tire 40, the support portion 62 is tilted outward in the axial direction, from the inner side toward the outer side in the radial direction. Alternatively, the tread 42 may be structured such that the support portion 62 is tilted inward in the axial direction, from the inner side toward the outer side in the radial direction.
Similarly to the tire 2 shown in
As described above, the support portion 62 is hard. In this production method, in order to reduce excessive increase of rigidity caused due to the support portion 62 being hard, the second strip preferably has a thickness t2 that is less than a thickness t1 of the first strip. In other words, a ratio of the thickness t2 of the second strip to the thickness t1 of the first strip is preferably less than 1.0. In order to enable the support portion 62 to appropriately contribute to reduction of deformation of the surface of the tread 42, the ratio is preferably greater than or equal to 0.2.
In this production method, for forming the support portion 62 so as to be buried in the body 60, the first strip preferably has a width W1 that is greater than a width W2 of the second strip. In other words, a ratio of the width W1 of the first strip to the width W2 of the second strip is preferably less than or equal to 2.0. In order to enable the support portion 62 to appropriately contribute to reduction of deformation of the surface of the tread 42, the ratio is preferably greater than or equal to 1.2.
In
In the tire 40, in order to enable the support portion 62 to effectively contribute to the rigidity, the tilt angle α of the support portion 62 is preferably set so as to be small. In this viewpoint, the tilt angle α is preferably less than or equal to 45 degrees, and is more preferably less than or equal to 30 degrees, and is particularly preferably less than or equal to 20 degrees.
In
In the tire 40, a ratio of the height H2 of the support portion 62 to the thickness H of the tread 42 is preferably greater than or equal to 0.5, and is preferably less than 1.0. When the ratio is set so as to be greater than or equal to 0.5, the support portion 62 can effectively contribute to the rigidity of the tire 40. The deformation of the tread 42 is appropriately reduced, so that the tire 40 can sufficiently exert the grip force. When the ratio is set so as to be less than 1.0, the support portion 62 are assuredly covered with the body 60. Thus, the body 60 forms the tread surface 58, and therefore the tire 40 can stably exert the grip force.
Hereinafter, effects of the present invention will become apparent according to examples. However, the present invention should not be restrictively construed based on the description of examples.
A radial tire (size: 180/55ZR17), for use in two-wheeled vehicles, having the fundamental structure shown in
Tires were each obtained so as to have the same structure as that for example 1 except that the thickness t1 and the thickness t2 were different from those for example 1, and thus the ratios t2/t1 were as indicated below in table 1 and table 2.
Tires were each obtained so as to have the same structure as that for example 1 except that the complex elastic modulus E2* of the support portions was different from that for example 1, and thus the ratios E2*/E1* were as indicated below in table 2 and table 3.
Tires were each obtained so as to have the same structure as that for example 1 except that the ratios H2/H were as indicated below in table 3. In comparative example 3, the support portions were not formed so as to be buried in the body.
Tires were each obtained so as to have the same structure as that for example 1 except that the thicknesses t3 were as indicated below in table 4.
Tires were each obtained so as to have the same structure as that for example 1 except that the tilt angles a were as indicated below in table 5.
Tires were each obtained so as to have the same structure as that for example 1 except that the direction in which the support portions extended was different from that for example 1, and the tilt angles a were as indicated below in table 5. The support portions in examples 20 to 22 were tilted inward in the axial direction, from the inner side toward the outer side in the radial direction. The direction in which the support portions of example 22 were tilted was opposite to that for example 1. The direction in which the support portions of example 21 were tilted was opposite to that for example 24. The direction in which the support portions of example 20 were tilted was opposite to that for example 25. These states are represented as “Y” in the cells for tilt directions in table.
A tire was obtained so as to have the same structure as that for example 1 except that the support portions were formed so as to extend in the radial direction as shown in
Tires were each obtained so as to have the same structure as that for example 1 except that the thickness t1 and the thickness t2 were different from those for example 1, and thus the ratios t2/t1 were as indicated below in table 6.
1000 tires were produced, and formability thereof was evaluated. The results are indicated below in table 1 to table 6. In tables, “A” represents a case where the tires were stably produced, “B” represents a case where although the tires were produced, some improvement in the production process steps was needed, and “C” represents a case where a trouble occurred during production, and the tires were not able to be stably produced.
Tires having been produced for examples were each mounted to a rear wheel of a sport-type two-wheeled vehicle (4-cycle) which had an engine displacement of 600 cc, and the tire was filled with air such that an internal pressure became 200 kPa. A commercially available tire (size: 120/70ZR17) was mounted to a front wheel, and the tire was filled with air such that an internal pressure became 200 kPa. This two-wheeled vehicle was caused to run on a circuit course having an asphalt road surface, and a sensory evaluation by a rider was made. A grip force, a rigidity, and a comprehensive performance were evaluated. The results are indicated below as indexes in table 1 to table 6. A value greater than or equal to 3.0 represents an acceptable quality. In examples 16 to 19, bottom portions of grooves of the tires were observed after running, to check for presence or absence of a crack. The results are indicated below in table 4. In table 4, “G” represents a case where no crack was found, “NG” represents a case where a crack was found.
As indicated in table 1 to table 6, evaluations for the tires of examples are higher than evaluations for the tires of comparative examples. These evaluation results clearly indicate that the present invention is superior.
The radial tire described above is applicable to various vehicles. The application described above is merely an example.
The foregoing description is in all aspects illustrative, and various modifications can be devised without departing from the essential features of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011-041171 | Feb 2011 | JP | national |
