Patent Grant
11986410
The present invention is related to the fields of medical devices and medical procedures. More particularly, the present invention is related to devices and methods for treatment of enteral obstructions such as a stent and a stent delivery system.
Endoscopic procedures for treating abnormal pathologies within the alimentary canal system and biliary tree (including the biliary, hepatic, and pancreatic ducts) are increasing in number. The endoscope provides access to the general area of a desired duct using direct visualization. However, the duct itself must be navigated using a catheter in conjunction with a guidewire under fluoroscopy. A wide variety of catheters are known for treatment of such targeted anatomical regions. Examples of biliary catheters are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,921,971 to Agro et al. and PCT International Publication No. 00/69498 to De Toledo et al., the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Agro et al. disclose a catheter for use in biliary procedures, wherein the catheter includes a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end. A guidewire lumen extends through the shaft from a proximal guidewire port located proximal of the distal end of the shaft, to a distal guidewire port located at the distal end of the shaft. The shaft may also include a slot or channel extending from a proximal end of the shaft to the proximal guidewire port. Catheters incorporating such a guidewire opening and channel are often referred to as rapid exchange or single-operator-exchange type biliary catheters.
De Toledo et al. disclose a single operator drainage catheter delivery system including a guide member having a guidewire lumen extending through a distal portion thereof, with a proximal guidewire port located distal of the proximal end. A placement catheter disposed over the guide member has a catheter lumen extending through a distal portion thereof, with a proximal guidewire port located distal of the proximal end. Locating the proximal guidewire ports as such allows the delivery system to be used by a single person with a shorter guidewire. A drainage catheter (a.k.a. a plastic stent) is disposed about the guide member distal of the placement catheter. The drainage catheter delivery system preferably includes a means for releasably connecting the placement catheter to the drainage catheter, wherein the releasable connecting means disconnects the drainage catheter upon displacement of the guide member. However, De Toledo et al. '498 does not disclose a rapid exchange biliary catheter system for the delivery of a metallic self-expanding stent, which requires a retractable sheath.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,484,444 to Braunschweiler et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,709,703 to Lukic et al. disclose a stent delivery device which has an elongated sheath with a self-expandable stent placed in contracted condition within the distal area of the sheath. An elongated core is arranged in the sheath for longitudinal motion relative to the sheath to facilitate stent delivery. However, Braunschweiler et al. '444 and Lukic et al. '703 do not provide a rapid exchange feature as in De Toledo et al. '498.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,743,874 to Fischell et al. discloses a catheter capable of performing balloon angioplasty followed by delivery of a self-expanding stent. The catheter includes an outer sheath which may be pulled back to deploy the self-expanding stent. In one embodiment, the catheter includes a guide wire entry port located just proximal of the stent to permit rapid exchange capability. To provide the guide wire entry port, Fischell et al. '874 provides a sloped plug disposed in the inner tube and an elongate side opening in the outer sheath. The elongate side opening in the outer sheath is necessary to permit retraction of the outer sheath for stent deployment. By providing such a long side opening, a major portion of the inner workings of the catheter are exposed to bodily fluids and interference from other devices, which may compromise performance of the stent delivery catheter. This undesirable feature, in addition to others not specifically mentioned herein, leaves a need for an improved rapid exchange stent delivery catheter.
Gastrointestinal strictures in the duodenum and intestines are known to occur for a variety of reasons, often due to impingement or compression caused by an adjacent tumor. A stent may be placed in an enteral region in order to palliate a gastrointestinal structure, keeping a location from being blocked and allowing a patient to have a more normal diet and lifestyle than would otherwise be possible. For example, a stent may be placed by advancing a guidewire and ERCP catheter through an endoscope working channel into an enteral region for the purpose of contrast infusion. The ERCP catheter can then be withdrawn, and a catheter loaded with a self-expanding stent can be advanced over the guidewire to or near an identified stricture. The stent is then released and self-expands to open the stricture. However, enteral stenting has been performed using over-the-wire devices only.
The present invention, in an illustrative embodiment, includes a method of palliating a gastrointestinal stricture using a rapid exchange type of enteral stent placement catheter. The catheter may include an inner member and an outer member, with the two members being slidable with respect to one another. The outer member includes a ramp that extends down into a guidewire channel in the inner member. The ramp may be slidable within the guidewire channel as well. The ramp is placed near the distal end of the catheter such that a guidewire need only traverse a distal section of the inner member. Nearer the distal end of the catheter, a self-expanding stent is placed between the inner member and the outer member when the outer member is in a first position. By creating relative movement between the inner member and the outer member, the stent may be released by causing the outer member to no longer cover the self-expanding stent. Once released, the stent self-expands to at least partially unblock the stricture.
In another embodiment, a rapid exchange catheter for deployment of a self-expanding stent includes an outer member having a distal tubular restraining section as well as a guidewire port, and an inner member having a distal portion adapted to carry a self-expanding stent within the restraining section. A mandrel is provided within the outer member, the mandrel coupled with the outer member to preserve axial alignment of the distal end of the mandrel with the guidewire port. The distal end of the mandrel is shaped to form a ramp for allowing a guidewire to smoothly pass from within the outer tubular member out through the guidewire port to the outside of the catheter.
The present invention further includes devices adapted for use as rapid exchange type stent placement catheters. In a first illustrative embodiment, a rapid exchange type catheter for use with a self-expanding stent includes an outer tubular member, an inner member, and a mandrel. In the illustrative embodiment, the inner member includes a distal tubular member coupled to the distal end of a proximal elongate member. For the illustrative embodiment, the outer tubular member includes a guidewire opening. The mandrel may be sized or shaped to fit next to the proximal elongate member within the outer tubular member, and terminates near the proximal end of the guidewire opening of the outer tubular member. In several further embodiments, the proximal elongate member takes the form of a push wire or other solid member that connects to the distal tubular member.
The following detailed description should be read with reference to the drawings. The drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, depict illustrative embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the dimensions and materials discussed herein are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is, of course, defined by the appended claims.
As used herein, the term pushwire is not intended to indicate that a catheter is steerable. Instead, the pushwire is used to transmit a pushing force to a distal part of a catheter. For several embodiments, a pushwire is used to transmit a pushing force (typically in conjunction with a corresponding pulling force) that causes a self-expanding stent carried by a first tubular member and constrained by a second tubular member to be expelled from the second tubular member and deployed at a desired location.
Refer now to
The rapid exchange stent delivery catheter system 10 is suitable for biliary and/or gastrointestinal applications. In biliary applications, the rapid exchange stent delivery catheter system 10 is sized to fit within an endoscope (not shown) and to navigate to the desired site in the biliary tract. In vascular applications, the rapid exchange stent delivery catheter system 10 is sized to fit within an introducer sheath (not shown) and/or a guide catheter (not shown) to navigate to the desired vascular site. In enteral applications, the rapid exchange stent delivery catheter system is sized to fit within an endoscope (not shown), to navigate to the desired enteral site, and to enable expansion of a self-expanding stent (such as a Wallstent® produced by Boston Scientific Corporation) sufficiently large to palliate an enteral stricture and allow digestive processes to occur.
The rapid exchange stent delivery catheter 100 includes an inner tubular member 120 slidably disposed in an outer tubular member 140. The outer tubular member 140 includes a lumen (not visible) extending therethrough to slidably accommodate the inner tubular member 120. The inner tubular member 120 includes a guidewire lumen 130 (shown in
To provide rapid exchange capability for the rapid exchange stent delivery catheter 100, the guidewire 30 exits through a guidewire opening 170 in the outer tubular member 140 as will be discussed in greater detail with reference to
A proximal handle 122 is connected to a proximal portion 124 of the inner tubular member 120. Similarly, a distal handle 142 is connected to a proximal portion 144 of the outer tubular member 140. The distal handle 142 may be longitudinally displaced relative to the proximal handle 122 to selectively expose or cover the self-expanding stent 20, which is disposed about a distal portion of the inner tubular member 120. In
With additional reference to
For biliary applications, the proximal outer portion 144 may be formed of PEBAX®, having a length of approximately 8.0 inches (20.3 cm), an outside profile of approximately 0.120 inches (9 F) (0.30 cm), and an inside diameter of approximately 0.083 inches (0.21 cm). The guidewire sleeve 160 is discussed in greater detail with reference to
For an enteral application, the proximal outer portion 144 may be formed of PEBAX®, having a length of approximately 8.0 inches (20.3 cm), an outside profile of approximately 0.120 inches (9 F) (0.30 cm), and an inside diameter of approximately 0.083 inches (0.21 cm). The main outer portion (not visible) may be formed of PEBAX®/wire braid/PTFE composite, having a length of approximately 55.0 inches (140 cm), an outside profile range of approximately 6 F-8 F (0.079-0.105 inches), and an inside diameter of approximately 0.057 inches (0.145 cm). The distal outer portion 146 may be formed of PEBAX®/wire braid/PTFE composite, having a length of approximately 10.6 inches (27 cm), an outside profile of approximately 10 F (0.131 inches), and an inside diameter of approximately 0.113 inches (0.286 cm). Depending upon the size of the stricture to be palliated, longer or larger distal outer portions may be used as well.
A radiopaque marker band 42 may be disposed adjacent the distal end of the distal outer portion 146 to facilitate radiographic placement of the catheter 100 and to radiographically indicate the position of the outer tubular member 140 relative to the inner tubular member 120 to aid in deploying the self-expanding stent 20.
With additional reference to
A distal head 132 is connected to the distal end of the distal inner portion 126 to limit distal displacement of the outer tubular member 140. A distal bond region 134 is disposed immediately proximal of the distal head 132. A holding sleeve 136 and a stent cup 138 prevent slippage of the stent 20. Radiopaque marker bands 44/48 are disposed on the distal inner portion 126 and are separated by a distance approximately equal to the length of the stent 20. The distal outer portion 146 of the outer tubular member 140 contains the self-expanding stent 20 during delivery.
The distal inner portion 126 includes a proximal guidewire opening 128 and a distal guidewire opening 129. A guidewire lumen 130 extends between the proximal guidewire opening 128 and the distal guidewire opening 129 to accommodate the guidewire 30 therein. The proximal guidewire opening 128 has a length which is greater than the length of the guidewire opening 170 of the guidewire sleeve 160. The length of the proximal guidewire opening 128 is sufficient to allow longitudinal displacement of the outer tubular member 140 relative to the inner tubular member 120 to permit full exposure and deployment of the self-expanding stent 20. The length of the proximal guidewire opening 128 is preferably slightly longer than the length of the constrained portion of the stent 20 to avoid wedging the guidewire 30 between the inner tubular member 120 and the outer tubular member 140 prior to full deployment of the stent 20.
The guidewire lumen 130 may be eccentrically positioned in the distal inner portion 126 as seen in
A solid mandrel (not shown) may be inserted into the proximal lumen (not visible) of the inner tubular member 120 proximal of the guidewire opening 128 for improved column strength. The solid mandrel may be formed of stainless steel having an outside diameter of approximately 0.030 inches with a tapered end. A stainless steel hypotube (not shown) having an outside diameter of approximately 0.079 inches may be disposed about the proximal inner portion 124 for added column strength and durability. The proximal handle 122 may be injection molded over the proximal end of the hypotube and the proximal end of the proximal inner portion 124.
A distal radiopaque marker 44 is disposed on the distal inner portion 126 to radiographically mark the distal end of the stent 20. A proximal radiopaque marker 48 is disposed on the distal inner portion 126 to radiographically mark the proximal end of the stent 20. A mid radiopaque marker 46 is disposed on the distal inner portion 126 distal of the holding sleeve 136 to radiographically facilitate deployment of the stent 20.
With reference to
With reference to
A guidewire opening 170 extends through the exterior wall of the guidewire sleeve 160. A ramp 172 extends from the exterior wall into the lumen 166. When assembled, the ramp 172 extends through the proximal guidewire opening 128 of the inner tubular member 120 and into the guidewire lumen 130. The ramp 172 is movable within the proximal guidewire opening 128 to facilitate a smooth transition of the guidewire 30 from the guidewire lumen 130 to exterior of the catheter 100, regardless of the position of the outer tubular member 140 relative to the inner tubular member 120.
The guidewire sleeve 160 may have a length of approximately 1.0 inch, a distal outside diameter of approximately 0.122 inches, a proximal outside diameter of approximately 0.087 inches, a distal inside diameter of approximately 0.107 inches, and a proximal inside diameter of approximately 0.070 inches. The ramp 172 may be an integral extension of the exterior wall of the guidewire sleeve 160 and may have a length of approximately 0.090 inches and a width of approximately 0.50 inches. The ramp 172 may extend into the lumen 166 at an angle of approximately 30 degrees.
The guidewire sleeve 160 may be an integral part of the outer tubular member 140 but is preferably a separately manufactured component. For example, the guidewire sleeve 160 may be formed of injection molded nylon or polypropylene. If the guidewire sleeve 160 is injection molded, manufacturing artifacts such as hole 168 may be filled or removed depending on the particular application. By manufacturing the guidewire sleeve 160 separately, more manufacturing flexibility and efficiency are achieved. For example, the guidewire sleeve 160 may be made of a material that is not melt sensitive or that is readily bonded to facilitate connection to other catheter components using adhesive or thermal means. In addition, the guidewire sleeve 160 may be inspected prior entering the production floor to eliminate non-conforming parts and increase efficiency. Further, the dimensions may be controlled better to provide greater consistency at bond sites. These and other advantages not specifically mentioned herein may be obtained by manufacturing the guidewire sleeve 160 as a separate component, but such is not essential to the present invention.
A potential problem for the configuration of
A further problem may occur when the stent is to be deployed. In particular, when relative pushing and pulling occurs between the inner member 208 and outer member 206, there is a potential for the catheter to deflect, causing inaccurate stent placement. For example, as the outer member 206 is withdrawn to deploy the stent (not shown), the skived inner member 208 can deflect at a location in the skived region (particularly to the side that is skived), causing the distal end of the catheter to deflect. Likewise, if, at a stage of partial deployment, it is determined that stent placement is incorrect, a decision may be made to seek to push the outer member distally to pull the stent back into a restrained position. Again, such a step can create lateral deflection. At locations where the guidewire is disposed within the catheter, it is easier to retain a straight configuration, because the guidewire provides at least some support to the catheter. However, this support is not as easily provided proximate to and proximal of the guidewire port.
The catheter 240 also includes two proximal end handles, a first handle 258 coupled to the outer member 246 and a second handle 260 coupled to the inner member 248. The handles 258, 260 allow a physician to easily slide the inner member 248 with respect to the outer member 246. As shown and in contrast to several of the above-noted designs, the mandrel 250 is attached to the first handle 258, such that it is coupled to the outer member 246 rather than the inner member 248.
In one embodiment, the outer proximal member 294 is a smaller bore hypotube, and the outer distal member 290 is a larger bore polymeric member. In another embodiment, the outer proximal member 294 takes the form of a dual lumen side-by-side elongate member. A mandrel 296 may optionally be included. The several integral parts of the catheter 280 may be secured together by any of a number of methods, including thermal and adhesive processes.
A distal outer member 314 is illustrated as well, with the outer member 314 having been skived or trimmed to remove a portion for creating the guidewire port 302, as shown at 316. The distal outer member 314 is attached to a proximal outer member 318. A mandrel 320 having a ramp-shaped distal end is included, and may be secured in a manner which causes it to move axially in a one-to-one ratio with the outer members 314, 318.
In one embodiment, a handle at the proximal end (not shown) of the catheter 300 is attached to both the mandrel 320 and the proximal outer member 318. In another embodiment, the mandrel 320 may be secured to the proximal outer member 318 at some location along the length thereof. For example, if the proximal outer member 318 is provided as a hypotube, a metal mandrel 320 may be brazed or welded to the hypotube.
One known problem for some rapid exchange catheters having inner and outer members that are slidable with respect to one another is alignment. If the inner member is a tubular member along the length that crosses the guidewire port, then the opening in the inner member for the guidewire exit must align with the opening of the outer member for the guidewire exit port. Otherwise, the guidewire is subject to added friction or pinching at the guidewire exit port, making relative movement between the guidewire and the catheter difficult. However, if the inner member is not a tubular member across the guidewire port, which is the case for several embodiments herein (including
A distal outer member 414 has a ramp formed therein at the guidewire port 402. The ramp may be formed by any number of methods. For example, the ramp can be formed by making a partial circumferential cut in the distal outer member 414, making a longitudinal slit in the distal outer member extending proximally from the partial circumferential cut, using one or more mandrels to hold the cut portions in a desired ramp shape, and applying heat to cause melting or at least re-flow of the distal outer member 414 material. Instead of the longitudinal slit, the distal outer member 414 may be held in a crimped configuration and heated to form the ramp.
In
The outside of the catheter 500 includes three main parts, a distal outer member 516, a midshaft 518, and a proximal member 520. The ramp for the guidewire port 502 is defined by the midshaft 518, which may be shaped by any number of methods such as the cut, slit and re-flow or crimp and melt methods discussed above with respect to
It should be noted that for several embodiments herein, the catheters may be considered “convertible”. For example, the catheter 500 can be initially placed over a first guidewire that exits the catheter at the guidewire port 502. If the first guidewire proves to be unsuitable for the particular lesion or stricture being treated (for example, it may be too flexible to pass a stricture, or may not be suitable for precise advancement), the guidewire may be withdrawn and a second guidewire advanced through the proximal inner member 514 to the ramp.
The inner members are movable with respect to the outer member; the ramp need not completely or tightly seal (indeed, too tight of a seal may impede relative movement needed to deploy the stent 508) thereabout. In vascular applications, blood is a relatively sticky fluid, so it is useful to provide tight seals to keep the blood from entering guidewire lumens and limiting guidewire movement. However, this problem is greatly reduced in biliary applications so that tighter seals are not always a necessity (though the fluids tend to be more corrosive and can create other problems). Because the second guidewire will advance to the back side of the ramp, it will be directed by the ramp to the location where the inner member (i.e., push wire 512) passes the ramp, and may pass by the ramp by passing adjacent the inner member (push wire 512). The second guidewire can then be advanced to the distal end of the catheter 500.
The distal outer member 614 is cut to remove a portion at the guidewire port 602. The proximal end of the distal outer member 614 is attached to a proximal outer member 616 that may be a polymeric or reinforced polymeric tube, but is preferably a hypotube. For the illustrative example of
An intermediate tubular member 618 is also illustrated. The intermediate tubular member 618 is used to aid in making the ramp 620 that directs the guidewire 604 out of the catheter 600. To make the ramp, a first mandrel is passed through the intermediate tubular member 618, and the intermediate tubular member 618 is placed within the distal outer member 614. A partial circumferential cut is made in the distal outer member 614 to define the distal edge of the guidewire port 602. Proximally of the cut, the distal outer member 614 is then crimped down to the intermediate tubular member 618. Additional mandrels may be placed to retain the patency of the distal outer member 614 during the next step, which includes heating the distal outer member 614 in the region of the ramp 620 to cause melting and/or reflow of the catheter 600 material. The intermediate tubular member 618 aids in providing pushability for the whole catheter 600, as well as providing directional control over the push wire 612 across the guidewire port 602.
Going distally again to
Now turning to
Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention may be manifested in a variety of forms other than the specific embodiments described and contemplated herein. Accordingly, departures in form and detail may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention as described in the appended claims.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/809,308, filed Nov. 10, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/189,047, filed Jun. 22, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,833,348, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/912,437, filed Jun. 7, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,375,332, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/901,652, filed Oct. 11, 2010, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,460,239, on Jun. 11, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/022,337, filed Jan. 30, 2008, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,815,601, on Oct. 19, 2010, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/888,189, filed Feb. 5, 2007, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. This application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 11/525,269, filed Sep. 22, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,639,199, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/094,401, filed Mar. 30, 2005; now U.S. Pat. No. 7,639,199, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/785,350, filed Feb. 24, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,890,317; which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/454,269, filed Jun. 4, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,723,071; which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/808,626, filed Mar. 14, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,592,549; the entire disclosures of which are all incorporated herein by reference.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20200352764 A1 | Nov 2020 | US |
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| 60888189 | Feb 2007 | US |
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| Parent | 15809308 | Nov 2017 | US |
| Child | 16940855 | US | |
| Parent | 15189047 | Jun 2016 | US |
| Child | 15809308 | US | |
| Parent | 13912437 | Jun 2013 | US |
| Child | 15189047 | US | |
| Parent | 12901652 | Oct 2010 | US |
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