Patent Application
20140202205
In order to shorten downtime for turnarounds, refineries use cold nitrogen injected into reactor recycle loops to cool down reactors quicker than with simply using the hydrocarbons in the system. This system will reduce the amount of nitrogen required for most cooldown cycles by almost ⅔—increasing the value to the customer drastically.
Systems outfitted with piping of incompatible metallurgy are not able to use liquid nitrogen and the nitrogen must be vaporized and brought to a acceptable temperature before injecting into the customer's system (using mobile nitrogen vaporization units). Systems outfitted with stainless steel piping are able to inject liquid nitrogen directly, which requires far less nitrogen—usually around ⅓, but the majority of cool downs are with cold gas. Both technologies are mature, although direct injection generally requires a higher level of safety consciousness. Some customers with stainless piping are further reluctant to pursue liquid cooldowns because of the risk of recycle compressor failure, or other failures that could result in liquid nitrogen reaching the reactor itself. The major drawback of cold gas systems is that the time it takes to perform the cool down to the customer's satisfaction, and the nitrogen usage—both of which offer an opportunity to create value for the customer through novel solutions.
One embodiment of a reactor liquid cool down method includes obtaining a warm recycle stream (102) from a reactor (101) and compressing the warm recycle stream (102), thereby producing a compressed warm recycle stream (104) with a mean temperature; mixing a compressed warm recycle stream (104) with a controlled liquid nitrogen stream (110) in a stainless steel mixing zone (107), thereby producing a cool recycle stream (112), monitoring the mean fluid temperature and comparing the mean fluid temperature to a predetermined control valve set point, thereby defining a temperature deviation; modulating a temperature control valve (109) to vary the controlled liquid nitrogen stream (110) in order to produce a temperature deviation that is less than a predetermined value, and returning the cool recycle stream (112) to the reactor (101).
Illustrative embodiments of the invention are described below. While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
The proposed solution may include a stainless piping skid that may be mounted on a non-DOT trailer (capable of being pulled by non-DOT pickup trucks). The customer's entire recycle stream is redirected through temporary piping into the skid, where liquid nitrogen could be injected without risk to the customer's piping.
The skid would include automatic bypass and isolation valves as well as a temperature control valve and multiple thermocouples (for voting purposes). The customer's stream would enter the skid through the first isolation valve. After a sufficient length of pipe to ensure adequate mixing, the combined stream would pass over three thermocouples before exiting the skid through the second isolation valve back Into the customer's piping.
The thermocouples would be used to isolate and bypass the skid in the event a predetermined low temperature limit was reached (to be agreed upon with the customer—2 out of 3 voting). The liquid nitrogen would enter the piping via a temperature control valve—the thermocouples would also be used as the control point (also to be agreed upon with the customer). Liquid nitrogen pressure would be provided by a small mobile nitrogen pumping and vaporization unit or simply the centrifugal pump on the liquid nitrogen transport. The skid would be controlled by a simple PLC. Power and air would be provided by the transport or pumper. In this manner, customers with incompatible piping in their existing system would be able to enjoy the benefits of liquid cooldown.
Turning to
Compressed warm recycle stream 104 may pass through first isolation valve 106 and first control valve 116, after which it enters stainless steel mixing zone 107. Liquid nitrogen stream 108 enters temperature control valve 109, thus generating controlled liquid nitrogen stream 110, which then enters stainless steel mixing zone 107.
The mean temperature of compressed stream 104 is compared to a predetermined temperature control valve set point. Temperature control valve 109 then adjusts controlled liquid nitrogen stream 110 in order to bring the mean temperature closer to the predetermined temperature control valve set point.
Stainless steel mixing zone is of sufficient length to obtain the proper mixing of controlled liquid nitrogen stream 110 and compressed warm recycle stream 104. For example, if natural turbulence is the sole mixing mechanism, as many as 100 diameters of mixing length may be necessary. If one or more static mixer is used, then less than 10 diameters will be necessary, preferably between 4 and 6 diameters, more preferably 5 diameters. Once the mixing is complete, cool recycle stream 112 passes through second isolation valve 113 and is returned to reactor 101.
The mean temperature of compressed warm recycle stream 104 is compared to a predetermined minimum temperature control valve set point. If the mean temperature is less than this predetermined minimum temperature control valve set point, temperature control valves 116, 117 close, and normally closed temperature control valve 105 opens, thereby allowing the compressed, warm recycle stream to bypass the stainless steel mixing zone.
A reactor liquid cool down method, comprising;
obtaining a warm recycle stream (102) from a reactor (101) and compressing the warm recycle stream (102), thereby producing a compressed warm recycle stream (104), where said compressed warm recycle stream (104) has a mean fluid temperature,
monitoring the mean fluid temperature and comparing the mean fluid temperature to a predetermined minimum temperature,
closing the temperature control valve (109), closing a first control valve (116), a closing second control valve (117), and opening a bypass control valve (105) if the first mean fluid temperature is less than the predetermined minimum temperature,
comparing the mean fluid temperature to a predetermined control valve set point, thereby defining a temperature deviation,
mixing a compressed warm recycle stream (104) with a controlled liquid nitrogen stream (110) in a stainless steel mixing zone (107), thereby producing a cool recycle stream (112), wherein the cool recycle stream has a mean fluid temperature,
modulating a temperature control valve (109) to vary the controlled liquid nitrogen stream (110) in order to produce a temperature deviation that is less than a predetermined value, and
returning the cool recycle stream (112) to the reactor (101).
The reactor liquid cool down method described above, wherein the mixing zone (107) is stainless steel.
The reactor liquid cool down method described above, wherein the mean fluid temperature is monitored by temperature indicators.
The reactor liquid cool down method described above, further comprising at least three temperature indicators, wherein a two out of three voting protocol is utilized.
The reactor liquid cool down method described above, wherein the liquid cryogen is liquid nitrogen
This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/755,117 filed on Jan. 22, 2013, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61755117 | Jan 2013 | US |
