Some prior systems send consumers notices regarding current transactions. For example, an issuer may notify a consumer when their credit card is being used to make a large purchase. These prior systems often rely on contact information in the account information to notify the consumer. If, for example, only the consumer's home address is on file, the notice may not get to the consumer until well after the transaction has been completed.
Consumers with prepaid cards may want to know the balance left on their prepaid cards before a transaction or as soon as a transaction is completed. For example, a consumer may want to know whether they can afford to purchase a product with the prepaid card before they check out or even before they go to the store. Typically, a consumer contacts the issuer of their prepaid card such as a bank to determine their current balance on the prepaid card. In some cases, however, a prepaid card e.g. gift card may not be associated with an account with an issuer such as those cards purchased at retail stores. The consumer may not easily be able to get their current balance.
Embodiments of the present disclosure address these and other problems, individually and collectively.
Embodiments of the invention relate to automatic notifications, methods of providing and requesting automatic notifications, and systems that provide automatic notifications.
Embodiments of the invention address the above-noted problems by providing methods and systems of providing notifications with dynamic data to the consumer. Dynamic data refers to information that reflects all transactions on a portable consumer device made through the time a notification is triggered. An example of dynamic data is a real-time updated account balance. Examples of dynamic data include real-time updated account balance and a real-time updated rewards information associated with an account on a portable consumer device. When triggered, a notification with dynamic data is sent to the notification device e.g. cellular phone. The notification can be triggered on a periodic basis or when the consumer uses their portable consumer device to make a transaction. The notification can also be triggered when the consumer requests the dynamic data. For example, consumer could request dynamic data by placing their portable consumer device next to their notification device so that a transmitter in the portable consumer device sends a request to a receiver in the notification device. The consumer could also request the dynamic data by selecting a programmed key on their notification device. Dynamic data is then delivered to the notification device and provided to the consumer if the consumer is enrolled to receive the notification.
An embodiment of the invention is directed to a method that retrieves when a notification with dynamic data is triggered. The dynamic data is associated with an account associated with a portable consumer device associated with a consumer. The method also automatically sends the notification to the notification device, wherein the notification with dynamic data is provided to the consumer.
Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a method that triggers a notification with dynamic data using a notification device. The dynamic data is associated with an account on a portable consumer device associated with a consumer. The method also receives the notification on the notification device.
Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a system that includes a payment processing network for generating and storing dynamic data and a notification server coupled to the payment processing network. The notification server is configured to retrieve the dynamic data from the payment processing network when a notification with dynamic data is triggered. The dynamic data is associated with an account associated with a portable consumer device associated with a consumer. The notification server is also configured to automatically send the notification with the dynamic data to the notification device, wherein the notification with dynamic data is provided to consumer.
Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a phone having a processor, a receiver coupled to the processor, an output device coupled to the processor, and a computer readable medium coupled to the processor. The computer readable medium includes code for displaying a notification including dynamic data to the output device after a portable consumer device is used by a consumer.
These and other embodiments of the invention are described in further detail below.
Embodiments of the invention are directed to a method of providing notifications with dynamic data, a method of requesting notifications with dynamic data, and a dynamic data notification system. More specifically, a notification with dynamic data is triggered when the consumer requests the notification or when the consumer uses the portable consumer device. The consumer can also have notifications automatically sent to the notification device on a periodic basis. Once the notification is triggered, dynamic data is retrieved and delivered to the notification device if the consumer is enrolled to receive the notification.
Certain embodiments of the invention may provide one or more technical advantages to issuers and consumers. One technical advantage to a consumer may be knowing their current balance or rewards available on their card without having to contact the issuer which could save time and could save the consumer money. Another technical advantage to a consumer may be that the consumer can request the current balance left on their card so that they can determine whether they have sufficient funds or credit to make a purchase or complete a transaction. A technical advantage to an issuer may be that automatic notifications are sent to consumers and issuer does not have to provide notifications by other means.
Certain embodiments of the invention may include none, some, or all of the above technical advantages. One or more other technical advantages may be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the figures, descriptions, and claims included herein.
Dynamic data notification system 10 includes a consumer 20 in operative communication with portable consumer device 30. Dynamic data notification system 10 also includes a merchant 40 having an access device 42 for interacting with portable consumer device 30 and an acquirer 50 associated with merchant 40. Acquirer 50 is in communication with issuer 70 through payment processing network 60.
Dynamic data notification system 10 also includes a notification device 80 in operative communication with consumer 20 for displaying notifications to consumer 20 and for receiving request or instructions for notifications from consumer 20. Notification device 80 is also in communication with portable consumer device 30 for receiving a request for a notification from consumer 20.
Dynamic data notification system 10 also includes an enrollment and notification module 100 for processing notifications and an aggregator 90 for collecting and forwarding notifications from enrollment and notification module 100 to notification device 80. Dynamic data notification system 10 also includes a computer 190 in communication with enrollment notification module 100 and consumer 20. Consumer can use computer 190 to receive notifications and to enroll in notifications. Dynamic data notification system 10 also includes a payment processing network 60 that is in communication with enrollment and notification module 100, with acquirer 50, and with issuer 70.
Consumer 20 refers to an individual or organization such as a business that is capable of purchasing goods or services or making any suitable transaction with merchant 40.
Portable consumer device 30 refers to any suitable device that allows the transaction to be conducted with merchant 40. Portable consumer device 30 may be in any suitable form. For example, suitable portable consumer devices 30 can be hand-held and compact so that they can fit into a consumer's wallet and/or pocket (e.g., pocket-sized). They may include smart cards, magnetic stripe cards, keychain devices (such as the Speedpass™ commercially available from Exxon-Mobil Corp.), etc. Other examples of portable consumer devices 30 include cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), pagers, payment cards, security cards, access cards, smart media, transponders, and the like. In some cases, portable consumer device 30 may be associated with an account of consumer 20 such as a bank account.
In the illustrated example, portable consumer device 30 includes a contactless transmitter 32 for sending wireless signals, a processor 34, and a computer readable medium (CRM) 36. These elements of portable consumer device 30 are in communication with each other. Processor 34 (e.g., a microprocessor) processes the functions of portable consumer device 30.
Contactless transmitter 32 refers to any suitable device for sending wireless signals with information stored in memory (e.g. CRM 36) on portable consumer device 30 to notification device 80. Contactless transmitter 32 transmits signals using a near field communications (NFC) capability to send information from portable consumer device 30 to the contactless receiver 82 on notification device 82. Typically, NFC capability is in accordance with a standardized protocol or data transfer mechanism (e.g., ISO 14443/NFC). Some examples of NFC capability are radio-frequency identification (RFID), Bluetooth™, infra-red, and other suitable communications capability. In other embodiments, contactless transmitter 32 transmits information via a cellular network by means of an interface (not shown). The interface functions to permit exchange of data between the cellular network (not shown) and contactless transmitter 32.
CRM 36 may be on the body of portable consumer device 30. The body may in the form of a plastic substrate, a housing, or other structure. CRM 36 may be a memory that stores data and may be in any suitable form. Exemplary CRM 36 may be in any suitable form including a magnetic stripe, a memory chip, etc. If portable consumer device 30 is in the form of a card, it may have an embossed region (ER) which is embossed with a PAN (primary account number). CRM 36 may electronically store the PAN as well as other data such as PIN data.
Merchant 40 refers to any suitable entity or entities that makes a transaction with consumer 20. Merchant 40 may use any suitable method to make the transaction. For example, merchant 40 may use an e-commerce business to allow the transaction to be conducted by merchant 40 through the Internet. Other examples of merchant 40 include a department store, a gas station, a drug store, a grocery store, or other suitable business.
Access device 42 may be any suitable device for communicating with merchant 40 and for interacting with portable consumer device 30. Access device 42 can be in any suitable location such as at the same location as merchant 40. Access device 42 may be in any suitable form. Some examples of access devices 42 include POS devices, cellular phones, PDAs, personal computers (PCs), tablet PCs, handheld specialized readers, set-top boxes, electronic cash registers (ECRs), automated teller machines (ATMs), virtual cash registers (VCRs), kiosks, security systems, access systems, websites, and the like. Access device 42 may use any suitable contact or contactless mode of operation to send or receive data from portable consumer devices 30.
If access device 42 is a POS terminal, any suitable POS terminal may be used and may include a reader, a processor, and a computer readable medium. Reader may include any suitable contact or contactless mode of operation. For example, exemplary card readers can include radio frequency (RF) antennas, optical scanners, bar code reader, magnetic stripe readers, etc. to interact with portable consumer device 30.
Acquirer 50 refers to any suitable entity that has an account with merchant 40. In some embodiments, issuer 70 may also be acquirer 50.
Issuer 70 refers to any suitable entity that may open and maintain an account associated with portable consumer device 30 for consumer 20. Some examples of issuers may be a bank, a business entity such as a retail store, or a governmental entity. In many cases, issuer 70 may also issue portable consumer device 30 associated with the account to consumer 20.
Payment processing network 60 refers to a network of suitable entities that have information related an account associated with portable consumer device 30. This information includes data associated with the account on portable consumer device 30 such as profile information, dynamic data, and other suitable information. Dynamic data refers to any suitable information that is updated to reflect the transactions made using portable consumer device 30.
Although not shown in the illustrated embodiment, payment processing network 60 may have or operate a server computer and may include a database. The database may include any hardware, software, firmware, or combination of the preceding for storing and facilitating retrieval of information. Also, the database may use any of a variety of data structures, arrangements, and compilations to store and facilitate retrieval of information. The server computer may be coupled to the database and may include any hardware, software, other logic, or combination of the preceding for servicing the requests from one or more client computers. Server computer may use any of a variety of computing structures, arrangements, and compilations for servicing the requests from one or more client computers. In one embodiment, the server computer may be a powerful computer or cluster of computers. For example, the server computer can be a large mainframe, a minicomputer cluster, or a group of servers functioning as a unit. In one example, the server computer may be a database server coupled to a Web server. Server computer services the requests of one or more client computers.
Payment processing network 60 may include data processing subsystems, networks, and operations used to support and deliver authorization services, exception file services, and clearing and settlement services. An exemplary payment processing network 60 may include VisaNet™. Networks that include VisaNet™ are able to process credit card transactions, debit card transactions, and other types of commercial transactions. VisaNet™, in particular, includes a VIP system (Visa Integrated Payments system) which processes authorization requests and a Base II system which performs clearing and settlement services. Payment processing network 60 may use any suitable wired or wireless network, including the Internet.
Notification device 80 refers to any suitable device for receiving notifications and for providing the notifications to consumer 20. Notifications refer to communications of dynamic data to consumer 20 on notification device 80. Notifications may be in any suitable form and may be delivered by any suitable method. Some examples of notifications includes a phone call, a voice message, a voicemail message, a short message service (SMS) message e.g. a text message, an instant messaging (IM) message, or an email message, or a periodically updated display on a device. An exemplary embodiment of a notification is a real-time balance update. The real-time balance update is a communication to notify consumer 20 of the funds available (balance) on portable consumer device 30 after the last transaction is accounted for. Another embodiment of a notification is real-time rewards information update that is a communication to notify consumer 20 of rewards available for redemption after the last transaction.
Dynamic data refers to any suitable information that reflects all transactions on a portable consumer device 30 made through the time a notification of the dynamic data is triggered. Dynamic data relates to an account associated with a portable consumer device 30 associated with consumer 20. For example, dynamic data can be account balances such as credit card account balances, stored value account balances, rewards balances, checking account balances, savings account balances, investment account balances, brokerage account balances, and other suitable account balances.
Notification device 80 may be in any suitable form. For example, suitable notification devices 80 can be hand-held and compact so that they can fit into a consumer's wallet and/or pocket (e.g., pocket-sized). Some examples of notification device 80 include desktop or laptop computers, cellular phones (e.g., as shown in
Notification device 80 includes a contactless receiver 82 for receiving wireless signals, a processor 84 coupled to the receiver 82, and a computer readable medium (CRM) 36 coupled to processor 84. Although not shown, notification device 80 may also include one or more input devices (e.g., keypads) or output devices (e.g., displays, speakers) coupled to processor 84. Contactless receiver 82 refers to any suitable device for receiving wireless signals. The signals are received by contactless receiver 82 by any suitable method (e.g., using NFC capability). In one example, contactless receiver 82 receives a wireless signal with a request for a notification from contactless transmitter 32 of portable consumer device 30. In another example, contactless receiver 82 receives a wireless signal with a notification(s) from aggregator 90 via a cellular network. Processor 84 (e.g., a microprocessor) processes the functions of notification device 80. CRM 86 comprises code for processing requests for notifications, for receiving notifications, and for providing notifications to consumer 20. An example of code for providing notifications to consumer 20 includes code for displaying notifications including dynamic data to an output device.
Consumer 20 uses computer 190 to receive notifications and/or enroll in a program to receive notifications. Computer 190 can be a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a cellular or mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), or other suitable device.
Enrollment and notification module 100 comprises a notification enrollment server 105, a notification enrollment application server 110, a database server 120, a notification database 130, a notification server 150 having a dynamic balance module 160 and a dynamic rewards module 170, and a gateway 140. Notification enrollment server 105 in communication with a notification enrollment application server 110 which is in communication with database server 120 for storing and retrieving information to and from notification database 130. Database server 120 is also in communication with notification server 150. Notification server 150 is also in communication with gateway 140, dynamic balance module 160, and dynamic rewards module 170. Although enrollment and notification module 100 is shown as being separate from issuer 70, enrollment and notification module 100 can be at issuer 70 in some embodiments. In these embodiments, issuer 70 processes the notifications sent to notification device 80.
Notification enrollment server 105 refers to a device that receives enrollment information from consumer 20 via computer 190 and sends the enrollment information to notification enrollment application server 110. Notification enrollment application server 110 receives the enrollment information from consumer 20 through notification enrollment server 105 or from issuer 70 and may store the enrollment information in notification database 130. Notification database 130 may receive and store new or updated enrollment information and other account information.
Enrollment information includes trigger information that describes the occurrences that must take place to trigger notifications and the types of dynamic data that consumer 20 wants to receive in the notifications. Consumer 20 may define the trigger information when enrolling in a program to receive notifications.
In some cases, notifications are triggered by actions taken by consumer 20 or another suitable entity. For example, a notification may be triggered by using of portable consumer device 30 at access device 42 by consumer 20 or by merchant 40. In another example, a notification may be triggered by the sending of a request by consumer 20 for a notification using portable consumer device 30, notification device 80, computer 190, or other suitable device. In yet another example, a notification may be triggered by placing portable consumer device 30 near notification device 80 so that a signal with a request for a notification is transmitted from contactless transmitter 32 on portable consumer device 30 to contactless receiver 82 on notification device 80. In another example, a notification may be triggered by the completion of a transaction on an account associated with portable consumer device 30. In other cases, periodic notifications may be triggered by the termination a time period defined by consumer 20. Examples of a time period include a week, a day, and an hour. For example, if consumer 20 selects the time period of a day, daily notifications will be sent to notification device 80. Typically, daily notifications would be sent at approximately the same time every day.
Notification server 150 includes dynamic balance module 160 for processing notifications with dynamic balances and dynamic rewards module 170 for processing notifications with dynamic rewards information.
Notification server 150 processes notifications with dynamic data and sends the notifications through gateway 140 to aggregator 90. If the dynamic data is a dynamic balance, dynamic balance module 160 processes the notification. If the dynamic data is dynamic rewards, dynamic rewards module 170 processes the notification. Gateway 140 is a any suitable device that converts information from the protocol or format used in enrollment and notification module 100 to those used in aggregator 90. Aggregator 90 refers to any suitable entity or device that receives notifications, collects the notifications, and transmits the notifications to notification device 80 for consumer 20. In some cases, aggregator 90 may be a wireless telephone company.
Notification server 150 is triggered to send a notification with dynamic data and processes the notification. Notification server 150 retrieves enrollment information with trigger information from notification database 130 using database server 120. Notification server 150 confirms that consumer 20 is enrolled to receive the notification triggered based on the trigger information. Notification server 150 retrieves the dynamic data from issuer 70 or other suitable entity and sends the notification with the dynamic data through gateway 140 to aggregator 90. Aggregator 90 collects notifications according to enrollment information and forwards the notifications to notification device 80. If the notification triggered is associated with dynamic balance data, dynamic balance module 160 processes the notification. If the notification triggered is associated with dynamic rewards data, dynamic rewards module 170 processes the notification.
In one example embodiment, consumer 20 enrolls in a program using computer 190 to receive notifications on their notification device 80 (e.g. a cellular phone) in the form of text or voice messages. Consumer 20 enrolls to receive notifications with the dynamic balance on the account associated with their portable consumer device 30 (e.g. a prepaid or gift card). Consumer 20 specifies that the notification will be sent every time portable consumer device 30 interacts with access device 42.
In a typical payment transaction, consumer 20 uses portable consumer device 30 at access device 42 to purchase goods or services from merchant 40. For example, a consumer may use a gift card with $50 to buy a $25 game cartridge at a toy store using a POS (point of sale) terminal at the toy store. The consumer may swipe the gift card through a slot in the POS terminal and the POS terminal may read data including an account number from the gift card.
An authorization request message is then forwarded to acquirer 50 and acquirer 50 forwards the message through payment processing network 60 to issuer 70. Using portable consumer device 30 at access device 42 triggers notification server 150 to send a notification.
Issuer 70 determines whether or not to authorize the transaction. The transaction may be authorized if there are sufficient funds, and may be declined if there are insufficient funds. An authorization response message is then sent back through payment processing network 60 to acquirer 50 who forwards it to merchant 40. At the end of the day, a normal clearing and settlement process can be conducted by payment processing network 60. A clearing process is a process of exchanging financial details between and acquirer and an issuer to facilitate posting to a consumer's account and reconciliation of the consumer's settlement position.
In this example, the notification triggered is associated with a dynamic balance and dynamic balance module 160 processes the notification. Dynamic balance module 160 is triggered to send a notification when consumer used portable consumer device 30. For example, dynamic balance module 160 may receive information that the previously described and registered gift card has been used to purchase a $25 game cartridge.
Dynamic balance module 160 retrieves enrollment information with trigger information from notification database 130 using database server 120. Dynamic balance module 160 uses the trigger information to confirm that consumer 20 wants to receive the notification that has been triggered. Dynamic balance module 160 also determines from the trigger information that consumer 20 wants to receive the triggered notification in the form of a text message. Dynamic balance module 160 retrieves the dynamic balance on the account associated with portable consumer device 30. For example, the module 160 may determine that there is the balance on the gift card is $25. The dynamic balance will reflect the last transaction authorized including the transaction associated with the action of using portable consumer device 30 that triggered the notification. Dynamic balance module 160 sends a text message with the dynamic balance to notification device 80. For example, the text message may indicate that the gift card now has a balance of $25 after buying the $25 game cartridge. Notification device 80 provides the text message to consumer 10. For example, the consumer's phone may display the balance of $25 plus the account number associated with the gift card. Consumer 20 may thereafter store this information in the notification device 80 for future use in determining how much money is left on the portable consumer device 30.
Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to dynamic data notification system 10 without departing from the scope of the disclosure. The components of dynamic data notification system 10 may be integrated or separated according to particular needs. Moreover, the operations of dynamic data notification system 10 may be performed by more, fewer, or other system modules. Additionally, operations of dynamic data notification system 10 may be performed using any suitable logic comprising software, hardware, other logic, or any suitable combination of the preceding.
Consumer 20 enrolls in a program using computer 190 to receive notifications on their portable consumer device 30 (step 200). Computer 190 sends enrollment information from consumer 20 to notification enrollment server 105. Notification enrollment server 105 sends the enrollment information to notification enrollment application server 110. Notification enrollment application server 110 sends the enrollment information to database server 120 to store it in notification database 130.
A notification is triggered (step 210). Notification server 150 detects that the notification has been triggered. Consumer 20 or other suitable entity triggers the notification.
In one embodiment, consumer 20 or other suitable entity triggers a notification by using portable consumer device 30 at access device 42. In some cases, a notification is only triggered if the transaction is authorized and completed. When portable consumer device 30 is used, information indicating that a notification has been triggered is sent from access device 42 to acquirer 50 which forwards it to notification server 150 through payment processing network 60.
In another embodiment, consumer 20 triggers a notification by requesting it on notification device 80 or computer 190 which forwards the request for a notification to notification server 150. For example, consumer 20 may request a notification by selecting a programmed button on their cellular phone. The cellular phone sends the request to notification server 150.
In another embodiment, consumer 20 triggers a notification by placing portable consumer device 30 next to notification device 80. A signal with a request for a notification is emitted from contactless transmitter 32 in portable consumer device 30 and received by contactless receiver 82 on notification device 80. Notification device 80 forwards the request to notification server 150.
In yet another embodiment, a notification is triggered automatically on a periodic basis by notification server 150. Typically, the notification is triggered at the end of the time period although any time during that time period can be used. Consumer 20 selects the time period such as daily, hourly, or weekly. For example, consumer 20 can select daily notifications sent at 12:00 a.m.
In one example embodiment, consumer 20 enrolls in a program using computer 190 to receive notifications on their notification device 80 e.g. cellular phone in the form of email messages. Consumer 20 enrolls to receive notifications with the dynamic balance on the account on their portable consumer device 30 e.g. a prepaid card. Consumer 20 specifies that the notification will be sent every time portable consumer device 30 interacts with access device 42.
Notification server 150 retrieves enrollment information (step 220) retrieved from notification database 130 using database server 120. The enrollment information is associated with an account on portable consumer device 30. In embodiments where consumer 20 requested the notification, notification server 150 may skip retrieving the enrollment information and checking enrollment for the notification (steps 220 and 230) and go to retrieving dynamic data (step 240).
Notification server 150 analyzes trigger information in the enrollment information to determine whether consumer 20 is enrolled to receive the notification that has been triggered (step 230). If consumer 20 is not enrolled for the notification, the method ends (step 270) and a notification is not sent to consumer 20.
If consumer 20 is enrolled to receive the notification, notification server 150 retrieves the dynamic data (step 240). Notification server 150 generates a notification with the dynamic data and sends it to aggregator 90 through gateway 140. Aggregator 90 forwards the notification to notification device 160 for delivery to consumer 20 (step 250). Notification device 80 provides the notification to consumer 20 (step 260).
In one embodiment, the notification may be shown to consumer 20 on a screen on notification device 80. The display of the notification may be a text message displayed on a screen or other suitable display until consumer 20 turns off the display. In other cases, the notification may be displayed for a predetermined period of time.
In another embodiment, the notification may be sent to consumer in the form of a voice message or voicemail message to consumer 20. For example, the notification may be an automated voice announcement that is sent to the notification device 20.
After providing the notification, the method ends (step 270). Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the method without departing from the scope of the disclosure. The method may include more, fewer, or other steps. Additionally, steps may be performed in any suitable order without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
Display 320 includes a dynamic data display 322 for displaying the notification of the updated dynamic data consumer 20. In the illustrated example, dynamic data display 322 is showing the real-time balance update on the account associated with portable consumer device 30. Dynamic data can be updated at any suitable time. Some examples of when the dynamic data is updated include when consumer requests the dynamic data, when consumer 20 uses portable consumer device 30, or periodically.
Buttons 330 include a balance request button 334 for requesting a real-time balance update and a rewards request button 336 for requesting a real-time rewards information update. Display 320 also includes a balance request button indicator 324 indicating that selecting balance request button 334 will request a real-time balance update. Display 320 also includes a rewards request button indicator 326 indicating that selecting rewards request button 336 will request a real-time rewards information update.
In operation, consumer 20 selects balance request button 334 to display real-time balance update on dynamic data display 322. The request is forwarded to notification server 150. Notification server 150 retrieves the real-time balance from issuer 70 or other suitable entity over payment processing network 60. Notification server 150 sends the real-time balance update to notification device 80 and notification device 80 displays the update to consumer 20.
Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to notification device 80 without departing from the scope of the disclosure. For example, notification device 80 and portable consumer device 30 may be integrated into the same device. Also, the components of notification device 80 may be integrated or separated according to particular needs. Moreover, the operations of notification device 80 may be performed by more, fewer, or other modules. Additionally, operations of notification device 80 may be performed using any suitable logic comprising software, hardware, other logic, or any suitable combination of the preceding.
It should be understood that the present disclosure as described above can be implemented in the form of control logic using computer software in a modular or integrated manner. Based on the disclosure and teachings provided herein, a person of ordinary skill in the art will know and appreciate other ways and/or methods to implement the present disclosure using hardware and a combination of hardware and software.
Any of the software components or functions described in this application, may be implemented as software code to be executed by a processor using any suitable computer language such as, for example, Java, C++ or Perl using, for example, conventional or object-oriented techniques. The software code may be stored as a series of instructions, or commands on a computer readable medium, such as a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), a magnetic medium such as a hard-drive or a floppy disk, or an optical medium such as a CD-ROM. Any such computer readable medium may reside on or within a single computational apparatus, and may be present on or within different computational apparatuses within a system or network.
A recitation of “a”, “an” or “the” is intended to mean “one or more” unless specifically indicated to the contrary.
The above description is illustrative and is not restrictive. Many variations of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the disclosure. The scope of the disclosure should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but instead should be determined with reference to the pending claims along with their full scope or equivalents.
One or more features from any embodiment may be combined with one or more features of any other embodiment without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
This is a non-provisional patent application of and claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/871,898 filed on Dec. 26, 2006. This application is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
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