Patent Grant
9950759
The present invention relates generally to reinforcement of structures, and more particularly to reinforcement of vehicle structures using expandable foam materials carried on a reinforcement support structure.
Reinforcement of structures that have a cavity by insertion of a reinforcement device into the cavity is a popular approach employed in many applications. For some automotive vehicle applications, it has become popular in recent years to employ a structural foam as part of the reinforcement. See e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,111,899; 7,025,409; 6,920,693; 6,890,021; 6,467,384; and 5,884,960, all incorporated by reference.
Reinforcement of vehicle door assemblies and rockers traditionally has employed the placement of sheet metal bulkhead support members in a hollow cavity defined in a sill beam. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,192,071; 6,053,564, incorporated by reference; see also, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,147,272; and 6,354,656, incorporated by reference. This has commonly involved the manufacture of multiple stampings, and a labor intensive assembly process.
An example of a porous container through which polymeric material is foamed is described in published U.S. Patent Application Nos. 20050194706, and 20050081383, incorporated by reference.
Notwithstanding the above, there remains a need for improved reinforcement devices and processes, especially for use in structural reinforcement of automotive vehicles.
The present invention meets one or more of the above needs by the improved devices and methods described herein.
In one aspect, the present invention pertains to a structural reinforcement device for insertion into a cavity of a structure, comprising: a first reinforcement section having a first side and a generally opposing second side that has at least one projection of a first expandable polymeric material secured to it; and a separate second reinforcement section mated with the first reinforcement section, the second reinforcement section being configured to include at least one cavity, into which the at least one projection penetrates upon the mating, and at least one aperture defined therein through which the expandable material flows during expansion and where it will remain upon curing of the material, thereby causing the first reinforcement section to be coupled with the second reinforcement section, wherein the device is free of any separate local reinforcement components beyond that which exists from the first reinforcement section and the second reinforcement section.
The invention also contemplates such device in combination with one or more of the following features: the expandable material is a thermally expandable material that, upon exposure to heat at a predetermined temperature, expands and flows through the aperture, where it remains upon curing of the material, thereby coupling the first reinforcement section with the second reinforcement section; one or both of the first reinforcement section or the second reinforcement section is elongated; one or both of the first reinforcement section or the second reinforcement section has a generally constant profile; the profile of the first reinforcement section is generally planar and includes opposing edge portions; the profile of the second reinforcement section is generally undulating; the profile of the second reinforcement section includes opposing spaced apart surfaces that are aligned with opposing edge portions of the first reinforcement section upon completion of the mating step; the first reinforcement section and the second reinforcement section are further coupled by way of a second expandable material, which may have the same or different composition as the first expandable material; one or both of the first reinforcement section or the second reinforcement section includes at least one aperture for enabling location of the first reinforcement section and the second reinforcement section relative to each other; one or both of the first reinforcement section or the second reinforcement section is a deformed a metal sheet; the second reinforcement section includes at least two inwardly projecting integrally formed flaps, which are spaced apart from each other in a sufficient distance that the volume therebetween receives the at least one projection during the mating step, and which provide local reinforcement to resulting structural reinforcement device; upon expansion and curing of any thermally expandable material the first reinforcement section and the second reinforcement sections are mated to define a box structure having a plurality of, or all of, its sides adhesively bonded to each other; or the second reinforcement section includes a base wall, and a pair of opposing walls projecting outwardly away from the base wall that terminate at flanges that oppose the second side of the first reinforcement section, and the opposing side walls each include a plurality of flaps, each having a free end, which project from their respective side wall toward the other side wall, wherein a plurality of the alternating flaps of each of the side walls are longitudinally offset relative to each other, thereby defining a plurality of cavities into which a plurality of projections of the first expandable polymeric material penetrate upon the mating (which may also provide lateral structural reinforcement), and the flanges are adhered to the first reinforcement section by the second expandable polymeric material.
In another aspect the present invention contemplates a method for manufacturing a structural reinforcement device for insertion into a cavity of a structure, comprising the steps of providing a first reinforcement section having a first side and a generally opposing second side that has at least one projection of a first expandable polymeric material secured to it; mating the first reinforcement section with a separate second reinforcement section, the second reinforcement section being configured to include at least one cavity, into which the at least one projection penetrates upon the mating; and aligning the at least one projection with an aperture defined in the second elongated reinforcement section, so that when the thermally expandable polymeric material is subjected to a predetermined condition the material will expand and flow through the aperture, where it will remain upon curing of the material, thereby causing the first reinforcement section to be coupled with the second reinforcement section, wherein the method is free of a step of adding any separate local reinforcement components beyond that which exists from the first reinforcement section and the second reinforcement section. The methods herein may be free of any step of mechanically fastening the insert to a wall defining the cavity into which it is inserted.
Such method may employ one or any combination of the following features: the expandable material is a thermally expandable material and the method further comprises a step of heating the thermally expandable material to a predetermined temperature so that it expands and flows through the aperture, where it remains upon curing of the material, thereby coupling the first reinforcement section with the second reinforcement section; one or both of the first reinforcement section or the second reinforcement section is elongated; one or both of the first reinforcement section or the second reinforcement section has a generally constant profile; the profile of the first reinforcement section is generally planar and includes opposing edge portions; the profile of the second reinforcement section is generally undulating; the profile of the second reinforcement section includes opposing spaced apart surfaces that are aligned with opposing edge portions of the first reinforcement section upon completion of the mating step; the method further comprises a step of coupling the first reinforcement section and the second reinforcement section by way of a second expandable material, which may have the same or different composition as the first expandable material; one or both of the first reinforcement section or the second reinforcement section includes at least one aperture for enabling location of the first reinforcement section and the second reinforcement section relative to each other; the method further comprises a step of making one or both of the first reinforcement section or the second reinforcement section is made by deforming a metal sheet; the step of making one or both of the first reinforcement section or the second reinforcement section includes a step of forming at least two inwardly projecting flaps in the second reinforcement section, which are spaced apart from each other in a sufficient distance that the volume therebetween receives the at least one projection during the mating step, and which provide local reinforcement to resulting structural reinforcement device; upon expansion and curing of any thermally expandable material the first reinforcement section and the second reinforcement sections are mated to define a box structure having a plurality of, or all its sides adhesively bonded to each other; or any of the aforenoted steps are employed to define one of the structures described in the above summary of the device of the invention elsewhere in this written description.
Reinforcement of vehicle structures generally involves placing carriers within a vehicle cavity and often including expandable materials with such carriers to further reinforce the structures. However, the shape and dimensions of every cavity are different from vehicle to vehicle which often requires that the carriers undergo extensive secondary processing in an effort to customize the size and fit to a particular vehicle and/or a particular vehicle cavity.
The present invention provides a tunable spine structure such that the configuration of a common carrier can be easily adjusted through the use of expandable materials to adapt for fit within a cavity of a structure to be reinforced. Reinforcements are generally fitted with additional steel stampings through secondary processing and/or welding to adjust for fit within a cavity. The present invention eliminates the need for additional processing and materials thereby reducing the overall weight of the spine structure and reducing the time required to adequately reinforce a structure. Through the use of expandable materials, the present invention is capable of providing a carrier that imparts support and stabilization for all walls of a cavity with no need for secondary processing. The present invention is further capable of attaching one or more carriers to each other through the use of aptly placed apertures and projections of expandable materials.
It is seen that the present invention contemplates methods and devices for structural reinforcement. In practice, these devices are placed in a cavity of a structure to be reinforced and are activated for causing an expandable polymeric material to expand and at least partially fill the cavity. Preferably, upon curing, the polymeric material also forms an adhesive bond that attaches the reinforcement device to surrounding structure that defines the cavity. General examples of such reinforcement techniques are disclosed, by way of example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,111,899; 7,025,409; 6,920,693; 6,890,021; 6,467,384; 5,884,960, hereby incorporated by reference.
With reference to
As seen from the drawings, one or both of the first reinforcement section 12 or the second reinforcement section 20 may be elongated. One or both of the first reinforcement section 12 or the second reinforcement section 20 may have a generally constant profile. For example, the profile of the first reinforcement section 12 is generally planar and includes opposing edge portions 26 and 28. As shown in the drawings, the edge portions may lie in a different plane relative to an interior portion 30. The edge portions 26 and 28 may lie in a different plane relative to each other. Though shown as generally flat, any of the portions 26, 28 or 30 of the first reinforcement section may be arcuate.
The profile of the second reinforcement section 20 is generally undulating. The profile of the second reinforcement section includes opposing spaced apart surfaces 32 and 34 that are aligned with opposing edge portions 26 and 28 of the first reinforcement section 12 upon completion of the mating step. The first reinforcement section 12 and the second reinforcement section 20 may further be coupled by way of a second expandable polymeric material 36, which may have the same or different composition as the first expandable polymeric material.
As illustrated (without limitation) in
In a preferred embodiment, the second reinforcement section 20 includes an integral bulkhead reinforcement structure. For instance, referring to
By way of illustration, one possible process for making the devices herein will include the steps of providing the first reinforcement section with the at least one projection of a first expandable polymeric material secured to it. It is mated with the separate second reinforcement section in such a way that the at least one projection penetrates the cavity 22 upon the mating. Desirably the at least one projection 18 is aligned with at least one aperture 24 defined in the second elongated reinforcement section, so that when the thermally expandable polymeric material is subjected to a predetermined condition (e.g., heat activated) the material will expand and flow through the aperture, where it will remain upon curing of the material, thereby causing the first reinforcement section to be coupled with the second reinforcement section. Desirably, the method will be free of a step of adding any separate local reinforcement components beyond that which exists from the first reinforcement section and the second reinforcement section.
Such method may employ one or more additional steps. For example, one or both of the first or second reinforcement sections may be formed, such as by deforming a metal sheet, and preferably a deforming operation that includes stamping a metal, roll-forming a metal, or both. The first reinforcement section also may be extruded, cast or injection molded. Though preferably being metal, either or both of the first of second reinforcement sections may be made of another material, such as a polymeric material, or a composite. As such, the methods herein contemplate that such sections may be made from a suitable shaping operation (e.g., molding, extruding, casting or otherwise). During the deforming step it is contemplated that the flaps will be made from the sheet metal of the second reinforcement section. Flaps, apertures or both may be made by suitable deforming operations (e.g., punching, piercing or both).
The expandable polymeric material may be any suitable polymeric material capable of expansion and adhesively bonding to a substrate upon curing. Illustrative materials are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,884,960; 6,348,513; 6,368,438; 6,811,864; 7,125,461; 7,249,415; published U.S. Application No. 20040076831, incorporated by reference. Desirably, the materials are provided as a solid mass of a one component material. The materials may be expanded by exposure to one or more of heat or some other activating condition such as moisture, light, electromagnetic radiation, or the like). In one preferred approach, the material is expanded during heating in a bake oven associated with a step of coating a vehicle, such as during a step of baking a structure immediately following deposition of a corrosion resistant layer known in the art as e-coat.
One preferred approach is to employ for at least one of the expandable materials to have a substantially constant profile, such as obtained in an extruded form of the material, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,249,415, hereby incorporated by reference. The expandable material may have a fastener integrally formed thereon, or attached thereto. The expandable material may be molded or include a combination of two or more materials. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,422,575, hereby incorporated by reference.
In applications where a heat activated, thermally expanding material is employed, an important consideration involved with the selection and formulation of the expandable material is the temperature at which a material reaction or expansion, and possibly curing, will take place. For instance, in most applications, it is undesirable for the material to be reactive at room temperature or otherwise at the ambient temperature in a production line environment. More typically, the polymeric material becomes reactive at higher processing temperatures, such as those encountered in an automobile assembly plant, when the material is processed along with the automobile components at elevated temperatures or at higher applied energy levels, e.g., during painting preparation steps. Temperatures employed may be in the range of about 145° C. to about 200° C., or possibly slightly higher. If needed, blowing agent activators can be incorporated into the composition to cause expansion at different temperatures outside the above ranges.
Generally, suitable expandable polymeric materials may have a range of expansion ranging from approximately 0 to over 1000 percent. The level of expansion may be as high as 1500 percent or more. The resulting expanded polymeric foam material may possess high compression strength and flexural modulus rigidity characteristics (e.g., 1) a compressive strength according to ASTM D-1621-00 of at least about 0.3 MPa, more preferably at least about 0.5 MPa, still more preferably at least about 1 MPa, and even still more preferably at least about 3 MPa; 2) a compressive modulus according to ASTM D-1621-00 of at least about 10 MPa, and more preferably at least about 20 MPa; or 3) both (1) and (2)), such as those consistent with what are regarded in the art as structural foams. Softer or less rigid foams may also be employed.
Preferably, the expandable material is substantially tack free to the touch at room temperature. One such material is an epoxy based resin. Other possible materials include, but are not limited to, polyolefin materials, copolymers and terpolymers with at least one monomer type an alpha-olefin, phenol/formaldehyde materials, phenoxy materials, and polyurethane materials with high glass transition temperatures. Materials expandable to form an acoustical foam may be employed. Sealant materials may be employed, such as those in U.S. Pat. No. 7,199,165, incorporated by reference. Accordingly, the polymeric materials may includes an acrylate, an acetate (e.g., ethylene vinyl acetate), an elastomer or a combination thereof. The polymeric materials may include a reinforcement or filler selected from one or more of carbon fibers, glass fibers, nylon fibers or aramid pulp.
Though a highly preferred embodiment herein is to couple the first reinforcement section with the second reinforcement section, it is also contemplated that the reinforcement sections may be employed individually in some applications, independent from each other. For example, a structural reinforcement device may comprise or consist essentially of a first reinforcement section, such as one employing features of the embodiment of
Accordingly it is possible to selectively tune the desired reinforcement characteristics for a particular application. The ability to use a common spine member to carry the respective projections also helps improve overall manufacturing efficiencies. For example, a plurality of spines each having generally the same shape, size and material may be manufactured in a batch or otherwise stockpiled. Thereafter, individual spines of the batch are deployed for different applications relative to each other, by securing to them expandable materials precisely tailored in size, shape and material, to meet the needs of the intended application.
Though the devices herein have various applications, one preferred application is to structurally reinforce a rocker of an automotive vehicle. The device is placed in a cavity of the vehicle body structure that defines the rocker prior to (or possibly after) a step of e-coating. After e-coating, it is subjected to heat in a bake oven used to cure the e-coat, where the expandable polymeric material expands for coupling the sections of the device and adhering it to the vehicle body. Other automotive vehicle applications, where corresponding steps are performed include (without limitation) pillar reinforcement, roof reinforcement, frame rail reinforcement, radiator support beam reinforcement, powertrain support or component reinforcement, vehicle beltline reinforcement, reinforcement of pillar to door regions, roof to pillar, mid-pillar, roof rails, windshield or other window frames, deck lids, hatches, removable top to roof locations, other vehicle beltline locations, motor rails, lower sills, cross members, lower rails, and the like. Moreover, vehicle roof tops may be reinforced to support additional loads in accordance with the present invention. For all of these applications, the process described herein may be employed, being adapted to take into account the specific structural modifications necessary to address the appropriate geometry of the intended application.
The explanations and illustrations presented herein are intended to acquaint others skilled in the art with the invention, its principles, and its practical application. Those skilled in the art may adapt and apply the invention in its numerous forms, as may be best suited to the requirements of a particular use. Accordingly, the specific embodiments of the present invention as set forth are not intended as being exhaustive or limiting of the invention. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but should instead be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated by reference for all purposes. Other combinations are also possible as will be gleaned from the following claims, which are also hereby incorporated by reference into this written description.
The present invention claims the benefit of the priority of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/982,565 filed Oct. 25, 2007 which are herein incorporated by reference for all purposes.
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| Child | 14629542 | US |
