FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The field of the invention is a selectively operated lock for a downhole tool and more particularly a selective lock for a Smart® Collet when used in multiple zone completions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The details of the assembly and operation of Smart® Collets is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,382,319 and 6,464,006. In essence the collet lands at predetermined support locations in an outer screen assembly and is part of an inner string. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,382,319 FIG. 1 the support locations are 36, 37 and 38 and their spacing is known as a single zone is being treated. However in multiple zone completions the spacing of the support locations intended to operate with the Smart® Collet may be unknown or the large spacing between zones with the potential of other tools being in the assembly that present potential unintended support locations for the Smart® Collet present problems to surface personnel in determining if the inner string assembly in a gravel pack is properly aligned so that gravel delivered through the frac port in the inner string will properly cross over to the outer annular space of the zone that needs the gravel packing. What is needed as provided by the present invention is a way to selectively prevent the Smart® Collet from supporting any load until it comes in proximity of the shoulder on which it is intended that it will support a load. At this point the lock is defeated to allow the Smart® Collet to function normally for proper crossover support at the desired zone to selectively circulate or squeeze or reverse out in the known manner as described in the aforementioned patents. While the preferred application will be described as being for a Smart® Collet in a multi-zone gravel packing operation, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are broader applications for locks that selectively unlock and reset to respectively unlock and lock an associated tool for multiple operations at spaced subterranean locations.
Sleeves have been used for location and orientation of keys to insure that a given collet system only latches at a desired profile location as described in US Publication 2003/0173089 A1. In a different application a protective sleeve reduces the drift diameter to protect a release sleeve from catching a hold of the release sleeve inadvertently and moving it. A release tool is inserted through the release sleeve and into the protective sleeve inside diameter. The protective sleeve has an inner spline for the release tool to be able to get past the release sleeve and get a grip on the release sleeve to shift it. This device is described in U.S. application Ser. No. 13/142,552.
Downhole swivels involve a locking and unlocking feature for selective tandem or relative rotation of components that is accomplished with longitudinal component shifting to selectively engage a second pair of splines to another set of splines that are already meshed using a common shaft. Swivels of this type are shown in U.S. Pat. No. RE41, 759 and in a different application in U.S. Pat. No. 7,828,064 and 8,118,102.
What is needed and provided by the present invention is a simple lock and unlock feature for a subterranean tool that is located on a string delivering the tool that selectively allows the tool to operate as intended at predetermined locations and then locks the tool against operating as the tool is moved away from the desired location of operation. These and other aspects of the present invention will be more readily apparent to those skilled in the art from a review of the description of the preferred embodiment and the associated drawings while recognizing that the full scope of the invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A lock system works in combination with a mandrel to allow selective operation and disabling of a downhole tool. In the specific situation of a Smart Collet® the tool is locked from being able to find support when engaged to a mating profile as the tool is moved between landing locations. A lower housing features an external dog that in response to rotation takes with it a collet ring with circumferentially oriented fingers. An outer housing cams the collet heads into a respective groove in the mandrel. Reversal of such relative rotation between the upper and lower housings allows the collet heads to spring out of the mandrel groove for the unlocked position. The lock is adapted for use in a variety of tools. The rotation to unlock and then lock is accomplished by dog interaction with shaped internal profiles in a surrounding tubular assembly at strategic locations where needed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a section view of a known Smart® Collet with the selective lock feature shown at the right end;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the lock feature at the right end of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a two zone gravel packing application of the lock system of the present invention with the Smart® Collet in the locked position;
FIG. 4 is the view of FIG. 3 with the Smart® Collet unlocked and supporting a crossover in a profile so that the frac port aligns with the port above the screens to the outer annulus of the lower zone;
FIG. 5 is the view of FIG. 4 after the lower zone is completed with the Smart® Collet locked for movement to the next zone uphole;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the upper housing seen through the lower lousing;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the collet type lock ring;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the collet type lock ring in the unlocked position;
FIG. 9 is the view of FIG. 8 with the collet type lock ring in the locked position;
FIG. 10 is an interior view of a part of the outer housing adjacent an associated landing location for a Smart Collet® that selectively allows unlocking and relocking; and
FIG. 11 is a section view showing the unlocked position of the collet type lock ring with respect to an adjacent mandrel groove.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIG. 1 the Smart® Collet 10 is of a type known in the art and described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,382,319 and 6,464,006. In operation, greatly simplified, the collet assembly is a movable member 10 that moves radially and relatively axially with respect to the mandrel 12 so that the collet assembly 10 can snap into profile 14 in the surrounding tubular 16. Once there is such engagement the mandrel 12 can be axially manipulated with respect to the collet assembly 10 now supported in profile 14. This relative axial motion can place support 18 in line with inner ring 20 on the collet assembly 10 to lock the collet assembly 10 in the profile 14. There are generally several such profiles 14 in spaced locations for a given zone to gravel pack to support the circulate, squeeze and reverse out positions of the crossover (not shown) that supports the collet assembly 10 through the mandrel 12 support 18 misaligned with ring 20 to then allow the collet assembly 10 to radially collapse and move out of the profile 14. The lock assembly 22 is supported by mandrel 12 and is designed to selectively permit or prevent relative axial movement between the mandrel 12 and the collet assembly 10. In the locked position the support 18 is held offset to ring 20 so that the collet assembly 10 cannot find support in any profile such as 14. When lock assembly 22 is released, the collet assembly 10 works as a known Smart® Collet.
An assembly for two zones 24 and 26 is illustrated in FIG. 3. Zone 24 is between packers 28 and 30 and zone 26 is between packers 30 and 32. Screens 34 are in zone 24 and screens 36 are in zone 26. The screens 34 and 36 respectively have openings 38 and 40 above to allow gravel slurry or other fluids to pass into the outer annulus in the borehole that reaches the zones 24 and 26 by going through the outer assembly 50. The collet assembly 10 engages profile 42 in zone 24 or profile 44 in zone 26 in a known manner. FIG. 3 shows profile 46 for example in section and FIG. 4 shows the inside view showing the adjacent and alternating peaks 52 and valleys 54. Preferably there is a constant pitch to the pattern. The patterns at profiles 46 and 48 can be identical or the pitch on one can be the reverse of the pitch on the other.
When relative axial movement is permitted between the mandrel 12 and the collet assembly 10 it allows normal Smart® Collet operation in zone 24 just as the collet assembly 10 comes into the vicinity of the support locations 42 in zone 24. This normal operation is shown illustratively in FIG. 4 for the lower zone 26 which would normally be treated first. The same process occurs in zone 24. FIG. 5 shows the inner string of mandrel 12, collet assembly 10 and lock assembly 22 moving sufficiently to lock the Smart Collet® until zone 24 is reached.
The lock assembly 22 serves to permit or prevent the support 18 to align with the ring 20 so that the Smart Collet® 10 selectively enabled to latch into a given profile or just snaps in and right back out due to the inability of support 18 to get aligned with ring 20. It is this relative movement that the locking assembly permits or prevents. The locking assembly 22 is selectively movable with respect to a mandrel 100. Mandrel 100 has a groove or grooves 102 as best seen in FIG. 11. A collet ring 104 is seen in section in FIG. 11 and in perspective in FIG. 7. There is a base ring structure 106 that has circumferential wire EDM cuts 108 and 110 made parallel to each other with a collet head 112 at the free end so that the heads 112 at the end of each finger 114 can flex in a radial direction either toward or away from a corresponding groove 102 in the mandrel 100. The is a leading ramp 114 on each collet head 112 that interacts with ramp 116 on top housing 118 as best seen in FIG. 7. Rotation of mandrel 100 is in tandem with rotation of the lower housing 120 seen in FIG. 6. Ring 104 has alternating peaks 122 and valleys 124 into which the top of the lower housing 120 mesh. Lower housing 120 has a radially biased dog 126 that has end ramps 128 and 130 near the top end 132 as well as opposed side ramp pairs 134 and 136. The biasing is by one or more springs that are not shown and are between the dog 126 and the sleeve 138 that supports dog 126. Thus rotational force acting on dog 126 will rotate the lower housing 120 and take with it the ring 104. As a result ramp 114 will ride on ramp 116 and then on the inside diameter 140 of the upper housing 118 so that the heads 112 are radially part within the ring structure 106 and part within groove 102 for the axially locked position of FIG. 9. Either rotating the ring 104 in the opposite direction or further in the same direction will allow the heads 112 to move radially outwardly into an adjacent slot 142 that has the shape of a head 112 allowing the spring in the fingers 114 to snap the heads 112 into slot 142 for the unlocked position. Note that the upper housing 118 and the lower housing 120 are secured together at 142 as seen in FIG. 11 but can relatively rotate about the snap ring 144. Thus with the heads 112 in groove 102 the upper housing 118 and lower housing 120 are in such a position the Smart Collet® cannot find support by alignment of 18 with 20 even if collet 10 snaps into profiles 42 or 44. However, the mandrel 100 with the housings 118 and 120 can still move relative to the outer assembly 50 so that the profiles in FIG. 10 that are part of the outer assembly come into play.
FIG. 10 shows one way to rotate heads 112 between the locked position of FIG. 9 and the unlocked position of FIG. 8. Again, in the unlocked position mandrel 100 can move enough to align 18 with 20 so that the collet 10 can find support in a profile such as 42 or 44. In the locked position of FIGS. 918 and 20 can't align so that the collet 10 just snaps in and right out of profiles such as 42 and 44. In either case, the mandrel 110 can move axially with housings 118 and 120 so that dogs 126 and 146 can interact with internal profiles 148 and 150 that are part of the outer assembly 50. Profile 148 has two components 152 and 154 that interact with dogs 126 and 146.
Mandrel 100 movement in the direction of arrow 156 acts only to compress the dogs 126 and 146 radially inwardly against an opposing spring bias from internal springs to those dogs that are not shown. In essence the top tapers 128 and 158 of dogs 126 and 146 respectively facilitate the radially inward movement of both dogs past blunt surface transitions 160, 162 and 164. Whether the tool was locked as in FIG. 9 or unlocked as in FIG. 8 does not change with movement of dogs 126 and 146 in the direction of arrow 156. After dog 146 passes lower point 166 and snaps radially out the movement of the mandrel 100 is reversed to the direction of arrow 168. As movement continues the dog 146 is pushed left or right by point 166. Further movement in the direction of arrow 168 by the mandrel 100 brings dog 146 into wide slot 168 as dog 126 reaches the point 166 and is deflected left or right into alignment with wide slot 168. At point 170 the dog 146 will be on one side of point 170 and dog 126 will be on the other side of the barrier 172. Then ramp 174 relatively rotates the dogs 126 and 146 so that the unlocked orientation of FIG. 8 is accomplished. At that point the collet 10 can find profile such as 42 and lock to it as 18 lines up with 20. When the operation there is completed the mandrel 100 can be further picked up and the direction of relative rotation that unlocked is reversed so that the locked position of FIG. 9 is assumed. After that the collet 10 can be safely moved to the next profile where another structure such as FIG. 10 is to be found and movement through profiles 152 and then 154 will again resume the unlocked position of FIG. 8 so that the collet 10 can be landed and supported in the normal manner.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are variations that could be employed in the number of mandrel grooves 102 and collets oriented circumferentially on the ring 104 for engagement. Movement between the locked and unlocked positions can be with rotation in a single direction or rotation in equal measure in opposed directions. The profiles in FIG. 10 induce relative rotation between the lower housing 120 and ring 104 on one hand and the upper housing 118 on the other hand so that the circumferentially oriented heads 112 get pushed into the grooves 102 for the locked position while reverse relative rotation allows the heads 112 to snap out into grooves 176 as shown in FIG. 8 for the unlocked position. While the preferred application is for a collet such as 10 the described locking and unlocking mechanism can be used in a variety of downhole applications where certain relative movements are to be prevented at a desired time and then subsequently enabled. In the preferred embodiment the locked position of FIG. 9 interacts with the Smart Collet® components to prevent aligning 18 with 20 so that the collet 10 can be supported. In the unlocked position of FIG. 8 different mandrel movement becomes possible and the collet 10 can be supported with 18 aligning with 20 to selectively lock the collet 10 in the known manner.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention seeks to keep a tool in a locked position when being moved past areas where premature operation is not desirable. The lock system can unlock and relock to allow normal tool operation in a desired zone while preventing operation for any reason when away from desired zones of operation. It is particularly adept at dealing with multiple completion zones where a crossover has to take several positions in a particular zone to accomplish the circulation, squeeze and/or reverse out positions. Mere axial movement is automatically converted to rotation that selectively locks or unlocks the associated tool, which in the preferred embodiment is the Smart® Collet. The benefit of the present invention is the simplicity and the automatic nature of the operation so that that a problem of the Smart® Collet getting a support where it is not desired are eliminated. In essence the lock assembly 22 in a movement of the inner string with the Smart® Collet respectively enables normal operation and then disables normal operation by locking the collet assembly 10 to the mandrel 12 to prevent unintended operation at anywhere but the intended support locations such as at multiple zones 24 and 26. Those zones can be far apart with several radial surfaces in between where the Smart® Collet could otherwise be engaged to find support for the inner string but for the presence of the lock assembly 22 of the present invention.
The above description is illustrative of the preferred embodiment and many modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention whose scope is to be determined from the literal and equivalent scope of the claims below:
Patent Application
20140144619
