Resistor and method of manufacturing the same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a resistor and a manufacturing method of the same. The invention aims at providing the resistor and the manufacturing method thereof that can reduce a soldering area that occupies a mount area, when the resistor is mounted on a mount board. In order to achieve the foregoing object, a resistor comprises a substrate (21), a pair of first upper surface electrode layers (22), each provided on a side portion of an upper surface toward a portion of a side surface of the substrate (21), a pair of second upper surface electrode layers (23) provided in a manner to make electrical connections with the first upper surface electrode layers (22), a resistance layer (24) provided in a manner to make electrical connections with the second surface electrode layers (23), and a protective layer (25) provided to cover at least an upper surface of the resistance layer (24). The invention realizes the electrodes on side surfaces of the resistor to have a small surface area because of the pair of first surface electrode layers (22) on side portions of an upper surface toward portions of side surfaces of the substrate (21), thereby attaining a reduction of the actual mount area on the mount board, including soldering portions.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a resistor and a method of manufacturing the same.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There has been a growing demand more than ever in recent years for miniaturization of electronic components used for circuit boards, in order to increase a density of mounting, as reduction in size of electronic devices continues. A demand has been rising also for resistors having smaller size and higher accuracy in tolerance of resistance values, in order to reduce mounting areas on mount boards.

Previously known resistors of such kind include one that is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication, Number H04-102302.

A resistor of the prior art and a method of manufacturing the same will be described hereinafter by referring to accompanying figures.

FIG. 50 is a sectional view depicting a resistor of the prior art.

In the figure, a reference numeral 1 represents an insulating substrate, and a reference numeral 2 represents first upper surface electrode layers provided on an upper surface at both right and left ends of the insulating substrate 1 . A reference numeral 3 represents a resistance layer provided in a manner that portions of which overlap with the first upper surface electrode layers 2 . A reference numeral 4 represents a first protective layer provided in a manner to cover the resistance layer 3 entirely. A reference numeral 5 represents a trimmed slit provided in the resistance layer 3 and the first protective layer 4 for correcting a resistance value. A reference numeral 6 represents a second protective layer provided over an outer surface of the first protective layer 4 . A reference numeral 7 represents second upper surface electrode layers provided on upper surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 2 in a manner to spread over a full width of the insulating substrate 1 . A reference numeral 8 represents side surface electrode layers provided on side surfaces of the insulating substrate 1 . Reference numerals 9 and 10 respectively represent nickel-plated layers and solder-plated layers provided over surfaces of the second upper surface electrode layers 7 and the side surface electrode layers 8 .

A method of manufacturing the resistor of the prior art constructed as above will be described hereinafter by referring to accompanying figures.

FIG. 51 represents procedural views depicting a method of manufacturing the prior art resistor.

Firstly, first upper surface electrode layers 2 are print-formed on both right and left ends of an upper surface of an insulating substrate 1 , as shown in FIG. 51 ( a ).

Secondly, a resistance layer 3 is print-formed on the upper surface of the insulating substrate 1 in a manner that portions of which overlap with the first upper surface electrode layers 2 , as shown in FIG. 51 ( b ).

Then, a first protective layer 4 is print-formed to cover the resistance layer 3 entirely, followed by providing a trimmed slit 5 in the resistance layer 3 and the first protective layer 4 with a laser or the like, as shown in FIG. 51 ( c ), in order to make a resistance value of the resistance layer 3 to fall within a predetermined range of resistance value.

A second protective layer 6 is then print-formed on an upper surface of the first protective layer 4 as shown in FIG. 51 ( d ).

Second upper surface electrode layers 7 are then print-formed on upper surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 2 in a manner that they spread over an entire width of the insulating substrate 1 as shown in FIG. 51 ( e ).

Side surface electrode layers 8 are coat-formed on side surfaces at both right and left ends of the first upper surface electrode layers 2 and the insulating substrate 1 , in a manner to make an electrical continuity with the first and the second upper surface electrode layers 2 and 7 , as shown in FIG. 51 ( f ).

The resistor of the prior art is completed finally, when nickel-plated layers 9 and solder-plated layers 10 are formed by providing solder-plating after nickel-plating over surfaces of the second upper surface electrode layers 7 and the side surface electrode layers 8 .

However, as shown in a sectional view of FIG. 52 ( a ) depicting the resistor of the prior art in a mounted position, the resistor having the above structure of the prior art and produced by the manufacturing method described above has a fillet-mounting structure, in which it is soldered with both the side surface electrode layers (not shown in the figure) and the lower surface electrode layers (not shown in the figure), when it is soldered on a mount board. The resistor thus requires areas 13 for soldering the side surfaces in addition to an area 12 for the resistor component, and therefore a mounting area 14 combining them altogether, as shown in a plan view of FIG. 52 ( b ) depicting of the resistor of the prior art. Furthermore, a proportion occupied by the soldering area with respect to the mounting area increases, if external dimensions of the component are reduced in order to increase a density of mounting. Consequently, the resistor has a problem that a limitation arises in the improvement of mounting density in order to reduce size of electronic devices.

The present invention is intended to solve the above-described problem of the prior art, and it aims at providing a resistor, as well as a method of manufacturing, that can reduce a soldering area occupying in the mounting area, when it is mounted on the mount board.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the foregoing problem, a resistor of the present invention comprises: a substrate; a pair of first upper surface electrode layers provided on side portions of an upper surface toward a portion of respective side surfaces of the substrate; a pair of second upper surface electrode layers provided in a manner to make electrical connections with the first upper surface electrode layers; a resistance layer provided in a manner to make electrical connections with the second upper surface electrode layers; and a protective layer provided to cover at least an upper surface of the resistance layer.

In the above-described resistor, electrodes on side surfaces of the resistor have small surface areas, since the resistor is provided with the pair of first upper surface electrode layers on side portions of the upper surface toward portions of side surfaces of the substrate. Because the resistor is soldered with the small areas of the electrodes on side surfaces, it can reduce an area required to form fillets for soldering, if it is soldered on a mount board. Accordingly, the resistor is able to reduce a mount area, including soldering portions, on the mount board.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a sectional view depicting a resistor of a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 ( a ) through FIG. 2 ( c ) represent a series of procedural views depicting a process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 3 ( a ) through FIG. 3 ( d ) represent another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 4 ( a ) is a sectional view depicting the same resistor in a mounted position;

FIG. 4 ( b ) is a plan view depicting the same resistor in the mounted position;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view depicting a resistor of a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 ( a ) through FIG. 6 ( c ) represent a series of procedural views depicting a process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 7 ( a ) through FIG. 7 ( d ) represent another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view depicting a resistor of a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 ( a ) through FIG. 9 ( c ) represent a series of procedural views depicting a process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 10 ( a ) through FIG. 10 ( c ) represent another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 11 ( a ) and FIG. 11 ( b ) represent still another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 12 ( a ) is a sectional view depicting the same resistor in a mounted position; and

FIG. 12 ( b ) is a plan view depicting the same resistor in the mounted position;

FIG. 13 is a sectional view depicting a resistor of a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 ( a ) through FIG. 14 ( c ) represent a series of procedural views depicting a process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 15 ( a ) through FIG. 15 ( c ) represent another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 16 ( a ) and FIG. 16 ( b ) represent still another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 17 is a sectional view depicting a resistor of a fifth exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18 ( a ) through FIG. 18 ( c ) represent a series of procedural views depicting a process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 19 ( a ) through FIG. 19 ( c ) represent another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 20 ( a ) and FIG. 20 ( b ) represent still another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 21 is a sectional view depicting a resistor of a sixth exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 22 ( a ) through FIG. 22 ( c ) represent a series of procedural views depicting a process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 23 ( a ) and FIG. 23 ( b ) represent another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 24 ( a ) and FIG. 24 ( b ) represent still another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 25 ( a ) is a sectional view depicting the same resistor in a mounted position;

FIG. 25 ( b ) is a plan view depicting the same resistor in the mounted position;

FIG. 26 is a sectional view depicting a resistor of a seventh exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 27 ( a ) through FIG. 27 ( c ) represent a series of procedural views depicting a process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 28 ( a ) through FIG. 28 ( c ) represent another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 29 ( a ) and FIG. 29 ( b ) represent still another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 30 is a sectional view depicting a resistor of an eighth exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 31 ( a ) through FIG. 31 ( c ) represent a series of procedural views depicting a process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 32 ( a ) through FIG. 32 ( c ) represent another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 33 ( a ) is a sectional view depicting the same resistor in a mounted position;

FIG. 33 ( b ) is a plan view depicting the same resistor in the mounted position;

FIG. 34 is a sectional view depicting a resistor of a ninth exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 35 ( a ) through FIG. 35 ( c ) represent a series of procedural views depicting a process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 36 ( a ) through FIG. 36 ( c ) represent another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 37 is a sectional view depicting a resistor of a tenth exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 38 ( a ) through FIG. 38 ( c ) represent a series of procedural views depicting a process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 39 ( a ) through FIG. 39 ( c ) represent another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 40 ( a ) is a sectional view depicting the same resistor in a mounted position;

FIG. 40 ( b ) is a plan view depicting the same resistor in the mounted position;

FIG. 41 is a sectional view depicting a resistor of an eleventh exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 42 ( a ) through FIG. 42 ( c ) represent a series of procedural views depicting a process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 43 ( a ) through FIG. 43 ( d ) represent another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 44 is a sectional view depicting a resistor of a twelfth exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 45 ( a ) through FIG. 45 ( c ) represent a series of procedural views depicting a process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 46 ( a ) through FIG. 46 ( d ) represent another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 47 is a sectional view depicting a resistor of a thirteenth exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 48 ( a ) through FIG. 48 ( c ) represent a series of procedural views depicting a process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 49 ( a ) through FIG. 49 ( d ) represent another series of procedural views depicting the process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 50 is a sectional view depicting a resistor of the prior art;

FIG. 51 ( a ) through FIG. 51 ( f ) represent a series of procedural views depicting a process of manufacturing the same resistor;

FIG. 52 ( a ) is a sectional view depicting the same resistor in a mounted position; and

FIG. 52 ( b ) is a plan view depicting the same resistor in the mounted position.

THE BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

First Exemplary Embodiment

A resistor of a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same will be described hereinafter by referring to accompanying figures.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a resistor of the first exemplary embodiment of this invention.

In the figure, a reference numeral 21 represents a substrate containing 96% of alumina. A reference numeral 22 represents first upper surface electrode layers, which are constructed of calcined gold-base organic metal compound, and provided on side portions of an upper surface toward portions of side surfaces of the substrate 21 . Ridges of these first upper surface electrode layers 22 are rounded. In addition, a surface area of the first upper surface electrode layer 22 occupying the side surface of the substrate 21 is not more than a half of an area of the side surface of the substrate 21 . A reference numeral 23 represents second upper surface electrode layers constructed of silver-base conductive powder containing glass for electrically connecting with the first upper surface electrode layers 22 . A reference numeral 24 represents a resistance layer having a chief component of ruthenium oxide for electrically connecting with the second upper surface electrode layers 23 . A reference numeral 25 is a protective layer having a chief component of glass, provided on an upper surface of the resistance layer 24 . Reference numerals 26 and 27 respectively represent a nickel-plated layer and a solder-plated layer provided, as occasion demands, for a purpose of assuring reliability, etc. during soldering.

The resistor of the first exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed as above is manufactured in a manner, which will be described hereinafter by referring to the figures.

FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 represent a series of procedural views showing a manufacturing method of the resistor of the first exemplary embodiment of this invention.

First of all, first upper surface electrode layers 22 are formed, as shown in FIG. 2 ( a ), by printing electrode paste containing gold-base organic metal in a manner to cross over slitting grooves 29 made in a horizontal direction through a sheet-formed substrate 21 , which has a superior heat-resisting property and an insulating property as it contains 96% alumina, and a surface of which is provided with a plurality of slitting grooves 28 and 29 in a vertical direction as well as in a horizontal direction in order to separate it into rectangular strips and then into individual pieces in the subsequent steps. During this process, the electrode paste containing gold-base organic metal gets into the slitting grooves 29 of horizontal direction, so as to form the first upper surface electrode layers 22 deeply down in the slitting grooves. In addition, the first upper surface electrode layers 22 are calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become secure films. Generally, the slitting grooves 28 and 29 are so formed that their depth with respect to a thickness of the substrate 21 becomes equal to or less than a half of the thickness of the substrate 21 , so as to avoid it from being cracked during handling in the manufacturing process.

Next, electrode paste containing silver-base conductive powder and glass is printed to form second upper surface electrode layers 23 in a manner that each of them overlaps a portion of the first upper surface electrode layers 22 , as shown in FIG. 2 ( b ). The second upper surface electrode layers 23 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Resistive paste having a principal component of ruthenium oxide is printed to form resistance layers 24 in a manner that they connect electrically with the second upper surface electrode layers 23 , as shown in FIG. 2 ( c ). The resistance layers 24 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, trimming is made to form trimmed slits 30 with a YAG laser, as shown in FIG. 3 ( a ) in order to correct resistance values of the resistance layers 24 to a predetermined value. The trimming is made by setting trimming probes for measuring a resistance value on the second upper surface electrode layers 23 during this process.

Another paste having a principal component of glass is printed to form protective layers 25 , as shown in FIG. 3 ( b ), in order to protect the resistance layers 24 , of which resistance values have been corrected. For this process, a printing pattern may be made in such a shape that the protective layers 25 cross over the slitting grooves 28 of vertical direction to connectively cover a plurality of the horizontally aligned resistance layers 24 . The protective layers 25 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 600° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Then, the substrate 21 in a sheet-form, on which the first upper surface electrode layers 22 , the second upper surface electrode layers 23 , the resistance layers 24 , the trimmed slits 30 , and the protective layers 25 have been formed, is separated into rectangular substrate strips 31 by splitting it along the slitting grooves 29 of horizontal direction in the substrate 21 , as shown in FIG. 3 ( c ). When this is done, the previously formed first upper surface electrode layers 22 lie in their respective positions on the side surfaces along a longitudinal direction of the rectangular substrate strips 31 down to the depth of the slitting grooves 29 of horizontal direction.

As a preparatory process for plating exposed surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 22 and the second upper surface electrode layers 23 , the rectangular substrate strips 31 are finally separated into individual substrate pieces 32 by splitting them along the slitting grooves 28 of vertical direction, as shown in FIG. 3 ( d ). A resistor is now completed when a nickel-plated layer, as an intermediate layer (not shown in the figure), and a solder-plated layer, as an outer layer (not shown in the figure) are formed by means of electroplating on exposed surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 22 and the second upper surface electrode layers 23 ,in order to prevent electrode-erosion during soldering and to assure reliability of the soldering.

The resistor of the first exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed and manufactured as above is soldered on a mount board. As shown in a sectional view of FIG. 4 ( a ) depicting the resistor of the first exemplary embodiment of this invention in a mounted position, the resistor is mounted with the surface having the protective layer down, and soldered with both the electrode layers on upper surfaces (not shown in the figure) and resistance layer portion on the side surface of the substrate. However, since these areas in the side surfaces, whereon electrodes are formed, are so small that fillets 33 are barely formed. Accordingly, an actual mount area 36 comes to the sum of a component area 34 and areas 35 required for soldering the side surfaces, as shown in a plan view of FIG. 4 ( b ) depicting the resistor of the first exemplary embodiment of this invention in the mounted position. The invention attains a reduction of approximately 20% in the mount area when compared with a product of the prior art, in the case of a square-tip resistor in a size of 0.6×0.3 mm.

Accordingly, the structure of this invention requires a small area on a mount board to form fillets of soldering, because of the small areas of electrodes on the side surfaces of the resistor, and therefore it can reduce the mount areas.

In the first exemplary embodiment of this invention, if the solder-plated layers 27 and the protective layer 25 are formed to be on the same plane, or if the solder-plated layers 27 are formed to be higher than the protective layer 25 , the resistor is not likely to allow a gap between the solder-plated layers 27 and a land pattern, when it is mounted, thereby further improving quality of mounting.

Besides, other characteristics can be improved in the first exemplary embodiment of this invention, if the second upper surface electrode layers 23 and the protective layer 25 are composed of combinations shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1
	Second
Combi-	upper surface	Protective	Characteristics
nation	electrode layers 23	layer 25	to be improved
1	Gold-base	Glass-base	Improvement in loaded-life
	conductive powder	material	characteristic due to low
	and glass (calcined	(calcined at	ion migration
	at 850° C.)	600° C.)
2	Silver-base	Resin-base	No variation in resistance
	conductive powder	material	value in manufacturing
	and glass (calcined	(hardened at	process, and small
	at 850° C.)	200° C.)	deviation in resistance
			value of products, due to
			low processing temperature
			of protective layer.
3	Gold-base	Resin-base	Both of characteristics of
	conductive powder	material	above combinations
	and glass (calcined	(hardened at	1 and 2.
	at 850° C.)	200° C.)

In addition, it is easily conceivable that the mount area can be further reduced if electrodes are not formed on the side surfaces in the first exemplary embodiment of this invention.

Second Exemplary Embodiment

A resistor of a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same will be described hereinafter by referring to accompanying figures.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a resistor of the second exemplary embodiment of this invention.

In the figures, a reference numeral 41 represents a substrate containing 96% of alumina. A reference numeral 42 represents first upper surface electrode layers provided by sputtering gold-base material on side portions of an upper surface toward portions of side surfaces of the substrate 41 . Ridges of these first upper surface electrode layers 42 are rounded. In addition, a surface area of the first upper surface electrode layer 42 occupying the side surface of the substrate 41 is not more than a half of an area of the side surface of the substrate 41 . A reference numeral 43 represents second upper surface electrode layers composed of silver-base conductive powder containing glass for making electrical connection with the first upper surface electrode layers 42 . A reference numeral 44 represents a resistance layer having a chief component of ruthenium oxide, for electrically connecting with the second upper surface electrode layers 43 . A reference numeral 45 is a protective layer having a chief component of glass, provided on an upper surface of the resistance layer 44 . Reference numerals 46 and 47 respectively represent nickel-plated layers and solder-plated layers provided, as occasion demands, for a purpose of assuring reliability, etc. during soldering.

The resistor of the second exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed as above is manufactured in a manner, which will be described hereinafter by referring to the figures.

FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 represent a series of procedural views showing a manufacturing method of the resistor of the second exemplary embodiment of this invention.

First of all, gold is deposited in a form of film by sputtering method on an entire upper surface of a sheet-formed substrate 41 , which has a superior heat-resisting property and an insulating property as it contains 96% alumina, and a surface of which is provided with a plurality of slitting grooves 48 and 49 in a vertical direction as well as in a horizontal direction in order to separate it into rectangular strips and then into individual pieces in the subsequent steps. Further, first upper surface electrode layers 42 having a desired electrode pattern are formed, as shown in FIG. 6 ( a ), by a photo-lithographic method which is commonly used for LSI's, and the like. The first upper surface electrode layers 42 are then subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of approximately 300 to 400° C. in order to make them become stable films. During this process, the first upper surface electrode layers 42 get into slitting grooves 49 of horizontal direction, so as to form the first upper surface electrode layers 42 deeply down in the slitting grooves. Generally, the slitting grooves 48 and 49 are so formed that their depth with respect to a thickness of the substrate 41 becomes equal to or less than a half of the thickness of the substrate 41 , so as to avoid it from being cracked during handling in the manufacturing process.

Next, electrode paste containing silver-base conductive powder and glass is printed to form second upper surface electrode layers 43 in a manner to make electrical connections with the first upper surface electrode layers 42 , as shown in FIG. 6 ( b ). The second upper surface electrode layers 43 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Resistive paste having a principal component of ruthenium oxide is printed to form resistance layers 44 in a manner that they connect electrically with the second upper surface electrode layers 43 , as shown in FIG. 6 ( c ). The resistance layers 44 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, trimming is made to form trimmed slits 50 with a YAG laser, as shown in FIG. 7 ( a ) in order to correct resistance values of the resistance layers 44 to a predetermined value. The trimming is made with trimming probes for measuring a resistance value set on the second upper surface electrode layers 43 during this process.

Another paste having a principal component of glass is printed to form protective layers 45 , as shown in FIG. 7 ( b ), in order to protect the resistance layers 44 , of which resistance values have been corrected. For this process, a printing pattern may be made in such a shape that the protective layers 45 cross over the slitting grooves 48 of vertical direction to connectively cover a plurality of the horizontally aligned resistance layers 44 . The protective layers 45 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 600° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Then, the substrate 41 in a sheet-form, on which the first upper surface electrode layers 42 , the second upper surface electrode layers 43 , the resistance layers 44 , the trimmed slits 50 , and the protective layers 45 have been formed, is separated into rectangular substrate strips 51 by splitting it along the slitting grooves 49 of horizontal direction in the substrate 41 , as shown in FIG. 7 ( c ). When this is done, the previously formed first upper surface electrode layers 42 lie in their respective positions on the side surfaces along a longitudinal direction of the rectangular substrate strips 51 down to the depth of the slitting grooves 49 of horizontal direction.

As a preparatory process for plating exposed surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 42 and the second upper surface electrode layers 43 , the rectangular substrate strips 51 are finally separated into individual substrate pieces 52 by splitting them along the slitting grooves 48 of vertical direction, as shown in FIG. 7 ( d ). A resistor is now completed when a nickel-plated layer, as an intermediate layer (not shown in the figure), and a solder-plated layer, as an outer layer (not shown in the figure), are formed by means of electroplating on otherwise exposed surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 42 and the second upper surface electrode layers 43 in order to prevent electrode-erosion during soldering and to assure reliability of the soldering.

Distinctive effects of the resistor of the second exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed and manufactured as above, when it is soldered on a mount board, are same as in the case of the resistor of the foregoing first exemplary embodiment, and therefore they are not described.

In addition, other characteristics can be improved in the second exemplary embodiment of this invention, if the first upper surface electrode layers 42 , the second upper surface electrode layers 43 , the resistance layer 44 and the protective layer 45 are composed of combinations shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2
	First	Second
	upper	upper
Com-	surface	surface	Resistance	Protective
bina-	electrode	electrode	layer	layer	Characteristics to
tion	layers 42	layers 43	44	45	be improved
4	Sputtered	Gold-base	Ruthenium	Glass-base	Improvement in
	gold-base	conductive	oxide-base	material	loaded-life char-
	material	powder	material	(calcined	acteristic due to
	(heat-	and glass	(calcined	at 600° C.)	low ion migration.
	treated at	(calcined	at 850° C.)
	300-	at 850° C.)
	400° C.)
5	Sputtered	Silver-base	Ruthenium	Resin-base	No variation in
	gold-base	conductive	oxide-base	material	resistance value in
	material	powder	material	(hardened	manufacturing process,
	(heat-	and glass	(calcined	at 200° C.)	and small deviation in
	treated at	(calcined	at 850° C.)		resistance value of
	300-	at 850° C.)			products, due to low
	400° C.)				processing temperature
					of protective layer.
6	Sputtered	Gold-base	Ruthenium	Resin-base	Both of characteristics
	gold-base	conductive	oxide-base	material	of above combinations 4
	material	powder	material	(hardened	and 5.
	(heat-	and glass	(calcined	at 200° C.)
	treated at	(calcined	at 850° C.)
	300-	at 850° C.)
	400° C.)
7	Sputtered	Silver-base	Carbonic	Resin-base	Same characteristic as
	nickel-	conductive	resin-base	material	above combination 5,
	base	powder	material	(hardened	with less manufacturing
	material	and resin	(hardened	at 200° C.)	cost than above
	(heat-	(hardened	at 200° C.)		combination 6 due to
	treated at	at 200° C.)			use of base metal for
	300-				first upper surface
	400° C.)				electrode layers.
8	Sputtered	Nickel-	Carbonic	Resin-base	Same characteristic as
	nickel-	base	resin-base	material	above combination 7,
	base	conductive	material	(hardened	with less manufacturing
	material	powder	(hardened	at 200° C.)	cost than above
	(heat-	and resin	at 200° C.)		combination 7 due to
	treated at	(hardened			use of base metal for
	300-	at 200° C.)			second upper surface
	400° C.)				electrode layers.

Third Exemplary Embodiment

A resistor of a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same will be described hereinafter by referring to accompanying figures.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a resistor of the third exemplary embodiment of this invention.

In FIG. 8 , a reference numeral 61 represents a substrate containing 96% of alumina. A reference numeral 62 represents first upper surface electrode layers, which are constructed of calcined gold-base organic metal compound, provided on side portions of an upper surface toward portions of side surfaces of the substrate 61 . A surface area of the first upper surface electrode layer 62 occupying the side surface of the substrate 61 is not more than a half of an area of the side surface of the substrate 61 . A reference numeral 63 represents a pair of second upper surface electrode layers composed of silver-base conductive powder containing glass for making electrical connections with the first upper surface electrode layers 62 . A reference numeral 64 represents a resistance layer having a chief component of ruthenium oxide for electrically connecting with the second upper surface electrode layers 63 . A reference numeral 65 is a protective layer having a chief component of glass provided on an upper surface of the resistance layer 64 . A reference numeral 66 represents third upper surface electrode layers composed of silver-base conductive powder containing glass, and provided on portions of upper surfaces of the second upper surface electrode layers 63 . Reference numerals 67 and 68 respectively represent a nickel-plated layer and a solder-plated layer provided, as occasion demands, for a purpose of assuring reliability, etc. during soldering.

The resistor of the third exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed as above is manufactured in a manner, which will be described hereinafter by referring to the accompanying figures.

FIG. 9 through FIG. 11 represent a series of procedural views showing a manufacturing method of the resistor of the third exemplary embodiment of this invention.

In the beginning, first upper surface electrode layers 62 are formed, as shown in FIG. 9 ( a ), by printing electrode paste containing gold-base organic metal compound in a manner to cross over slitting grooves 70 made in a horizontal direction through a sheet-formed substrate 61 , which has a superior heat-resisting property and an insulating property as it contains 96% alumina, and a surface of which is provided with a plurality of slitting grooves 69 and 70 in a vertical direction as well as in a horizontal direction in order to separate it into rectangular strips and then into individual pieces in the subsequent steps. The first upper surface electrode layers 62 are subjected to calcination at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films. During this process, the electrode paste gets into the slitting grooves 70 of horizontal direction, so as to form the first upper surface electrode layers 62 deeply down in the slitting grooves. In general, the slitting grooves 69 and 70 are so formed that their depth with respect to a thickness of the substrate 61 becomes equal to or less than a half of the thickness of the substrate 61 , in order to avoid it from being cracked during handling in the manufacturing process.

Next, electrode paste containing silver-base conductive powder and glass is printed to form second upper surface electrode layers 63 in a manner to make electrical connections with the first upper surface electrode layers 62 , as shown in FIG. 9 ( b ). The second upper surface electrode layers 63 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Resistive paste having a principal component of ruthenium oxide is printed to form resistance layers 64 in a manner that they connect electrically with the second upper surface electrode layers 63 , as shown in FIG. 9 ( c ). The resistance layers 64 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, trimming is made to form trimmed slits 71 with a YAG laser, as shown in FIG. 10 ( a ) in order to correct resistance values of the resistance layers 64 to a predetermined value. The trimming is made with trimming probes for measuring a resistance value set on the second upper surface electrode layers 63 during this process.

Another paste having a principal component of glass is printed to form protective layers 65 , as shown in FIG. 10 ( b ), in order to protect the resistance layers 64 , of which resistance values have been corrected. For this process, a printing pattern may be made in such a shape that the protective layers 65 cross over the slitting grooves 69 of vertical direction to connectively cover a plurality of the horizontally aligned resistance layers 64 . The protective layers 65 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 600° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, electrode paste containing silver-base conductive powder and glass is printed to form third upper surface electrode layers 66 on portions of upper surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 62 and the second upper surface electrode layers 63 in a manner not to cross the slitting grooves 70 of horizontal direction, as shown in FIG. 10 ( c ). The third upper surface electrode layers 66 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 600° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Then, the substrate 61 in a sheet-form, on which the first upper surface electrode layers 62 , the second upper surface electrode layers 63 , the resistance layers 64 , the trimmed slits 71 , the protective layers 65 and the third upper surface electrode layers 66 have been formed, is separated into rectangular substrate strips 72 by splitting it along the slitting grooves 70 of horizontal direction in the substrate 61 , as shown in FIG. 11 ( a ). When this is done, the previously formed first upper surface electrode layers 62 lie in their respective positions on the side surfaces along a longitudinal direction of the rectangular substrate strips 72 down to the depth of the slitting grooves 70 of horizontal direction.

As a preparatory process for plating exposed surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 62 , the second upper surface electrode layers 63 and the third upper surface electrode layers 66 , the rectangular substrate strips 72 are finally separated into individual substrate pieces 73 by splitting them along the slitting grooves 69 of vertical, direction, as shown in FIG. 11 ( b ). A resistor is now completed when a nickel-plated layer, as an intermediate layer (not shown in the figure), and a solder-plated layer, as an outer layer (not shown in the figure) are formed by means of electroplating on all exposed surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 62 , the second upper surface electrode layers 63 and the third upper surface electrode layers 66 in order to prevent electrode-erosion during soldering, and to assure reliability of the soldering.

The resistor of the third exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed and manufactured as above is soldered on a mount board. The resistor is mounted with the surface having the protective layer down, as shown in a sectional view of FIG. 12 ( a ) depicting a mounted position in the third exemplary embodiment of this invention, and soldered with the first, second and third upper surface electrode layers (not shown in the figure) and the resistance layer portion on a side surface of the substrate. However, since these areas in the side surfaces, whereon the electrodes are formed, are so small that fillets 74 are barely formed. Accordingly, an actual mount area 77 comes to the sum of a component area 75 and areas 76 required for soldering the side surfaces of this component, as shown in a plan view of FIG. 12 ( b ) depicting the mounted position. The invention attains a reduction of approximately 20% in the mount area when compared with a product of the prior art, in the case of a square-tip resistor in a size of 0.6×0.3 mm.

Therefore, the structure according to the third exemplary embodiment of this invention requires a small area on a mount board to form fillets of soldering, because of the small areas of electrodes on the side surfaces of the resistor, and thereby it can reduce the mount areas.

In the third exemplary embodiment of this invention, if solder-plated layers 68 and the protective layer 65 are formed to be on the same plane, or if the solder-plated layers 68 are formed to be higher than the protective layer 65 , the resistor is not likely to allow a gap between the solder-plated layers 68 and a land pattern 76 , when it is mounted, thereby further improving quality of mounting.

Besides, other characteristics can be improved in the third exemplary embodiment of this invention, if the second upper surface electrode layers 63 , the protective layer 65 and the third upper surface electrode layers 66 are composed of combinations shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3
	Second
	upper	Third upper
Com-	surface	surface	Protective
bina-	electrode	electrode	layer	Characteristics to be
tion	layers 63	layers 66	65	improved
1	Silver-base	Silver-base	Glass-base	No variation in resistance
	conductive	conductive	material	value during manufact-
	powder and	powder and	(calcined	uring process, and small
	glass	resin	at	deviation in resistance
	(calcined at	(hardened at	600° C.)	value of products, due to
	850° C.)	200° C.)		low processing temper-
				ature of third upper
				surface electrode
				layers 66.
2	Silver-base	Nickel-base	Glass-base	Same characteristic as
	conductive	conductive	material	above combination 1,
	powder	powder and	(calcined	with less manufacturing
	(calcined at	resin	at	cost due to use of base
	850° C.)	(hardened at	600° C.)	metal for third upper
		200° C.)		surface electrode
				layers 66.
3	Silver-base	Silver-base	Resin-base	Small deviation in re-
	conductive	conductive	material	sistance value of pro-
	powder and	powder and	(hardened	ducts, due to less
	glass	resin	at	variation in manufact-
	(calcined at	(hardened at	200° C.)	uring process than above
	850° C.)	200° C.)		combination 1, as
				protective layer 65 is
				processed at
				lower temperature
4	Silver-base	Nickel-base	Resin-base	Same characteristic as
	conductive	conductive	material	above combination 3,
	powder and	powder and	(hardened	with less manufact-
	glass	resin	at	uring cost due to use of
	(calcined at	(hardened at	200° C.)	base metal for third
	850° C.)	200° C.)		upper surface electrode
				layers 66.
5	Gold-base	Silver-base	Glass-base	Improvement in loaded-
	conductive	conductive	material	life characteristic due to
	powder and	powder and	(calcined	low ion migration.
	glass	glass	at
	(calcined at	(calcined at	600° C.)
	850° C.)	600° C.)
6	Gold-base	Silver-base	Glass-base	Both of characteristics of
	conductive	conductive	material	above combinations
	powder and	powder and	(calcined	1 and 5.
	glass	resin	at
	(calcined at	(hardened at	600° C.)
	850° C.)	200° C.)
7	Gold-base	Nickel-base	Glass-base	Both of characteristics of
	conductive	conductive	material	above combinations
	powder and	powder and	(calcined	2 and 5.
	glass	resin	at
	(calcined at	(hardened at	600° C.)
	850° C.)	200° C.)
8	Gold-base	Silver-base	Resin-base	Both of characteristics of
	conductive	conductive	material	above combinations
	powder and	powder and	(hardened	3 and 5.
	glass	resin	at
	(calcined at	(hardened at	200° C.)
	850° C.)	200° C.)
9	Gold-base	Nickel-base	Resin-base	Both of characteristics of
	conductive	conductive	material	above combinations
	powder and	powder and	(hardened	4 and 5.
	glass	resin	at
	(calcined at	(hardened at	200° C.)
	850° C.)	200° C.)

In addition, it is easily conceivable that the mount area can be further reduced if electrodes are not formed on the side surfaces in the third exemplary embodiment of this invention.

Fourth Exemplary Embodiment

A resistor of a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same will be described hereinafter by referring to accompanying figures.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of a resistor of the fourth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

In FIG. 13 , a reference numeral 81 represents a substrate containing 96% of alumina. A reference numeral 82 represents first upper surface electrode layers provided by sputtering gold-base material on side portions of an upper surface and portions of side surfaces of the substrate 81 . A surface area of the first upper surface electrode layer 82 occupying the side surface of the substrate 81 is not more than a half of an area of the side surface of the substrate 81 . A reference numeral 83 represents second upper surface electrode layers containing silver-base conductive powder and glass for making electrical connections with the first upper surface electrode layers 82 . A reference numeral 84 represents a resistance layer having a chief component of ruthenium oxide for electrically connecting with the second upper surface electrode layers 83 . A reference numeral 85 is a protective layer having a chief component of glass, and provided on an upper surface of the resistance layer 84 . A reference numeral 86 represents third upper surface electrode layers composed of silver-base conductive powder containing glass, provided on portions of the first upper surface electrode layers 82 and the second upper surface electrode layers 83 . Reference numerals 87 and 88 respectively represent nickel-plated layers and solder-plated layers provided, as occasion demands, for a purpose of assuring reliability, etc. during soldering.

The resistor of the fourth exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed as above is manufactured in a manner, which will be described hereinafter by referring to the figures.

FIG. 14 through FIG. 16 represent a series of procedural views showing a manufacturing method of the resistor of the fourth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

First of all, gold is deposited in a form of film by sputtering method on an entire upper surface of a sheet-formed substrate 81 , which has a superior heat-resisting property and an insulating property as it contains 96% alumina, and a surface of which is provided with a plurality of slitting grooves 89 and 90 in a vertical direction as well as a horizontal direction in order to separate it into rectangular strips and individual pieces in the subsequent steps. Further, first upper surface electrode layers 82 having a desired electrode pattern are formed, as shown in FIG. 14 ( a ), by photo-lithographic method which is normally used for LSI's, and the like. The first upper surface electrode layers 82 are subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of approximately 300 to 400° C. in order to make them become stable films. During this process, the first upper surface electrode layers 82 get into the slitting grooves 90 of horizontal direction, so as to form the first upper surface electrode layers 82 deeply down in the slitting grooves. Generally, the slitting grooves 89 and 90 are so formed that their depth with respect to a thickness of the substrate 81 becomes equal to or less than a half of the thickness of the substrate 81 , so as to avoid it from being cracked during handling in the manufacturing process.

Next, electrode paste containing silver-base conductive powder and glass is printed to form second upper surface electrode layers 83 in a manner to make electrical connections with the first upper surface electrode layers 82 , as shown in FIG. 14 ( b ). The second upper surface electrode layers 83 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Resistive paste having a principal component of ruthenium oxide is printed to form resistance layers 84 in a manner that they connect electrically with the second upper surface electrode layers 83 , as shown in FIG. 14 ( c ). The resistance layers 84 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, trimming is made to form trimmed slits 91 with a YAG laser, as shown in FIG. 15 ( a ) in order to correct resistance values of the resistance layers 84 to a predetermined value. The trimming is made with trimming probes for measuring a resistance value set on the second upper surface electrode layers 83 during this process.

Another paste having a principal component of glass is printed to form protective layers 85 , as shown in FIG. 15 ( b ), in order to protect the resistance layers 84 , of which resistance values have been corrected. For this process, a printing pattern may be made in such a shape that the protective layers 85 cross over the slitting grooves 89 of vertical direction to connectively cover a plurality of the horizontally aligned resistance layers 84 . The protective layers 85 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 600° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, electrode paste containing silver-base conductive powder and glass is printed to form third upper surface electrode layers 86 on portions of upper surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 82 and the second upper surface electrode layers 83 in a manner not to cross the slitting grooves 90 of horizontal direction, as shown in FIG. 15 ( c ). The third upper surface electrode layers 86 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 600° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Then, the substrate 81 in a sheet-form, on which the first upper surface electrode layers 82 , the second upper surface electrode layers 83 , the resistance layers 84 , the trimmed slits 91 , the protective layers 85 and the third upper surface electrode layers 86 have been formed, is separated into rectangular substrate strips 92 by splitting it along the slitting grooves 90 of horizontal direction in the substrate 81 , as shown in FIG. 16 ( a ). When this is done, the previously formed first upper surface electrode layers 82 lie in their respective positions on the side surfaces along a longitudinal direction of the rectangular substrate strips 92 down to the depth of the slitting grooves 90 of horizontal direction.

As a preparatory process for plating exposed surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 82 , the second upper surface electrode layers 83 and the third upper surface electrode layers 86 , the rectangular substrate strips 82 are finally separated into individual substrate pieces 93 by splitting them along the slitting grooves 89 of vertical direction, as shown in FIG. 16 ( b ). A resistor is now completed when a nickel-plated layer, as an intermediate layer (not shown in the figure), and a solder-plated layer, as an outer layer (not shown in the figure) are formed by means of electroplating on all exposed surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 82 , the second upper surface electrode layers 83 and the third upper surface electrode layers 86 in order to prevent electrode-erosion during soldering, and to assure reliability of the soldering.

Distinctive effects of the resistor of the fourth exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed and manufactured as above, when it is soldered on a mount board, are same as in the case of the above-described third exemplary embodiment, and therefore they are not described further.

In addition, other characteristics can be improved in the fourth exemplary embodiment of this invention, if the first upper surface electrode layers 82 , the second upper surface electrode layers. 83 , the resistance layer 84 , the protective layer 85 and the third upper surface electrode layers 86 are composed of combinations shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4
		Second
	First upper	upper	Third upper	Resistance
Com-	surface	surface	surface	layer 84
bina-	electrode	electrode	electrode	Protective	Characteristics to be
tion	layers 82	layers 83	layers 86	layer 85	improved
10	Sputtered	Silver-base	Silver-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 1 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	Table 1.
		glass	glass	850° C.)
		(calcined at	(hardened	Glass-base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(calcined at
				600° C.)
11	Sputtered	Silver-base	Nickel-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 2 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	Table 1.
		glass	resin	850° C.)
		(calcined at	(hardened	Glass-base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(calcined at
				600° C.)
12	Sputtered	Silver-base	Silver-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 3 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	Table 1.
		glass	resin	850° C.)
		(calcined at	(hardened	Resin-base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(hardened
				at 200° C.)
13	Sputtered	Silver-base	Nickel-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 4 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	Table 1.
		glass	resin	850° C.)
		(calcined at	(hardened	Resin-base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(hardened
				at 200° C.)
14	Sputtered	Gold-base	Silver-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 5 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	Table 1.
		glass	glass	850° C.)
		(calcined at	(calcined at	Glass-base
		850° C.)	600° C.)	(calcined at
				600° C.)
15	Sputtered	Gold-base	Silver-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 6 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	Table 1.
		glass	resin	850° C.)
		(calcined at	(hardened	Glass-base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(calcined at
				600° C.)
16	Sputtered	Gold-base	Nickel-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 7 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	Table 1.
		glass	resin	850° C.)
		(calcined at	(hardened	Glass-base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(calcined at
				600° C.)
17	Sputtered	Gold-base	Silver-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 8 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	Table 1.
		glass	resin	850° C.)
		(calcined at	(hardened	Resin-base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(hardened
				at 200° C.)
18	Sputtered	Gold-base	Nickel-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 9 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	Table 1.
		glass	resin	850° C.)
		(calcined at	(hardened	Resin-base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(hardened
				at 200° C.)
19	Sputtered	Silver-base	Silver-base	Carbonic	Save electricity, as
	nickel-base	conductive	conductive	resin-base	material needing low
	material	powder and	powder and	(hardened	temp processing is
		resin	resin	at 200° C.)	used for second upper
		(hardened	(hardened	Resin-base	surface electrode
		at 200° C.)	at 200° C.)	(hardened	layers 83 and
				at 200° C.)	resistance layer 84.
20	Sputtered	Silver-base	Nickel-base	Carbonic	Same characteristic
	nickel-base	conductive	conductive	resin-base	as combination 19,
	material	powder and	powder and	(hardened	with less
		resin	resin	at 200° C.)	manufacturing cost
		(hardened	(hardened	Resin-base	due to use of base
		at 200° C.)	at 200° C.)	(hardened	metal for third upper
				at 200° C.)	surface electrode
					layers 86.

In addition, it is easily conceivable that the mount area can be further reduced if electrodes are not formed on the side surfaces in the fourth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

Fifth Exemplary Embodiment

A resistor of a fifth exemplary embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same will be described hereinafter by referring to accompanying figures.

FIG. 17 is a sectional view of a resistor of the fifth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

In FIG. 17 , a reference numeral 101 represents a substrate containing 96% of alumina. A reference numeral 102 represents first upper surface electrode layers composed of silver-base conductive powder containing glass, and provided on side portions of a main surface of the substrate 101 . A reference numeral 103 represents a resistance layer having a chief component of ruthenium oxide for electrically connecting with the first upper surface electrode layers 102 . A reference numeral 104 is a protective layer having a chief component of glass, and provided on an upper surface of the resistance layer 103 . A reference numeral 105 represents second upper surface electrode layers formed by means of sputtering gold-base material on upper surfaces and portions of side surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 102 . A surface area of the second upper surface electrode layer 105 occupying the side surface of the substrate 101 is mot more than a half of an area of the side surface of the substrate 101 . A reference numeral 106 represents third upper surface electrode layers composed of silver-base conductive powder containing glass, overlapping portions of upper surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 102 and the second upper surface electrode layers 105 . Reference numerals 107 and 108 respectively represent nickel-plated layers and solder-plated layers provided, as occasion demands, for a purpose of assuring reliability, etc. during soldering.

The resistor of the fifth exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed as above is manufactured in a manner, which will be described hereinafter by referring to the figures.

FIG. 18 through FIG. 20 represent a series of procedural views showing a manufacturing method of the resistor of the fifth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

First of all, electrode paste containing silver-base conductive powder and glass is printed to form first upper surface electrode layers 102 , as shown in FIG. 18 ( a ), in a manner not to cross over slitting grooves 110 made in a horizontal direction through a sheet-formed substrate 101 , which has a superior heat-resisting property and an insulating property as it contains 96% alumina, and a surface of which is provided with a plurality of slitting grooves 109 and 110 in a vertical direction as well as in a horizontal direction in order to separate it into rectangular strips and then into individual pieces in the subsequent steps.

Next, resistive paste having a principal component of ruthenium oxide is printed to form resistance layers 103 in a manner that they connect electrically with the first upper surface electrode layers 102 , as shown in FIG. 18 ( b ). The resistance layers 103 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, trimming is made to form trimmed slits 111 with a YAG laser, as shown in FIG. 18 ( c ) in order to correct resistance values of the resistance layers 103 to a predetermined value. The trimming is made with trimming probes for measuring a resistance value set on the first upper surface electrode layers 102 during this process.

Another paste having a principal component of glass is printed to form protective layers 104 , as shown in FIG. 19 ( a ), in order to protect the resistance layers 103 , of which resistance values have been corrected. For this process, a printing pattern may be made in such a shape that the protective layers 104 cross over the slitting grooves 109 of vertical direction to connectively cover a plurality of the horizontally aligned resistance layers 103 . The protective layers 104 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 600° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Resist material composed of resin is coated over an entire upper surface of the substrate 101 , and openings in a film-forming pattern of the desired second upper surface electrode layers 105 are prepared in the resist material by photo-lithographic method, as shown in FIG. 19 ( b ). Furthermore, a gold is deposited in a form of film on the entire upper surface of the substrate by sputtering method, and the resist material is then removed except for portions of the film-forming pattern for the desired second upper surface electrode layers 105 . These steps complete the second upper surface electrode layers 105 . During the above process, the second upper surface electrode layers 105 get into the slitting grooves 110 of horizontal direction, and thereby the second upper surface electrode layers 105 can be formed deeply down to the deep in the slitting grooves.

Generally, the slitting grooves 109 and 110 are so formed that their depth with respect to a thickness of the substrate 101 becomes equal to or less than a half of the thickness of the substrate 101 , so as to avoid it from being cracked during handling in the manufacturing process.

Next, electrode paste containing silver-base conductive powder and glass is printed to form third upper surface electrode layers 106 in a manner to overlap with portions of upper surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 102 and the second upper surface electrode layers 105 , as shown in FIG. 19 ( c ). The third upper surface electrode layers 106 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Then, the substrate 101 in a sheet-form, on which the first upper surface electrode layers 102 , the second upper surface electrode layers 105 , the third upper surface electrode layers 106 , the resistance layers 103 , the trimmed slits 111 and the protective layers 104 have been formed, is separated into rectangular substrate strips 112 by splitting it along the slitting grooves 110 of horizontal direction in the substrate 101 , as shown in FIG. 20 ( a ). When this is done, the previously formed second upper surface electrode layers 105 lie in their respective positions on the side surfaces along a longitudinal direction of the rectangular substrate strips 112 down to the depth of the slitting grooves 110 of horizontal direction.

As a preparatory process for plating exposed surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 102 , the second upper surface electrode layers 105 and the third upper surface electrode layers 106 , the rectangular substrate strips 112 are finally separated into individual substrate pieces 113 by splitting them along the slitting grooves 109 of vertical direction, as shown in FIG. 20 ( b ). A resistor is now completed when a nickel-plated layer, as an intermediate layer (not shown in the figure), and a solder-plated layer, as an outer layer (not shown in the figure), are formed by means of electroplating on all exposed surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 102 , the second upper surface electrode layers 105 and the third upper surface electrode layers 106 in order to prevent electrode-erosion during soldering and to assure reliability of the soldering.

Distinctive effects of the resistor of the fifth exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed and manufactured as above, when it is soldered on a mount board, are same as in the case of the foregoing third exemplary embodiment, and therefore they are not described.

In addition, other characteristics can be improved in this fifth exemplary embodiment of the invention, if the first upper surface electrode layers 102 , the resistance layer 103 , the protective layer 104 , the second upper surface electrode layers 105 , and the third upper surface electrode layers 106 are composed of combinations shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5
	Second
	upper	First upper	Third upper	Resistance
Com-	surface	surface	surface	layer 103
bina-	electrode	electrode	electrode	Protective	Characteristics to be
tion	layers 105	layers 102	layers 106	layer 104	improved
21	Sputtered	Silver-base	Silver-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 1 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	Table 1.
		glass	resin	850° C.)
		(calcined at	(hardened	Glass-base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(calcined at
				600° C.)
22	Sputtered	Silver-base	Nickel-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 2 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	Table 1.
		glass	resin	850° C.)
		(calcined at	(hardened	Glass-base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(calcined at
				600° C.)
23	Sputtered	Silver-base	Silver-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 3 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	Table 1.
		glass	resin	850° C.)
		(calcined at	(hardened	Resin-base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(hardened
				at 200° C.)
24	Sputtered	Silver-base	Nickel-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 4 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	Table 1.
		glass	resin	850° C.)
		(calcined at	(hardened	Resin-base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(hardened
				at 200° C.)
25	Sputtered	Silver-base	Silver-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	nickel-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 23,
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	with less
		glass	resin	850° C.)	manufacturing cost
		(calcined at	(hardened at	Resin-base	due to use of base
		850° C.)	200° C.)	(hardened at	metal for second
				200° C.)	upper surface
					electrode layers 105.
26	Sputtered	Silver-base	Nickel-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	nickel-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 25,
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	with less
		glass	resin	850° C.)	manufacturing cost
		(calcined at	(hardened	Resin-base	due to use of base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(hardened at	metal for third upper
				200° C.)	surface electrode
					layers 106.
27	Sputtered	Gold-base	Silver-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 5 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	Table 1.
		glass	glass	850° C.)
		(calcined at	(calcined at	Glass-base
		850° C.)	at 600° C.)	(calcined at
				600° C.)
28	Sputtered	Gold-base	Silver-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 6 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	Table 1.
		glass	resin	850° C.)
		(calcined at	(hardened	Glass-base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(calcined
				at 600° C.)
29	Sputtered	Gold-base	Nickel-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 7 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	Table 1.
		glass	resin	850° C.)
		(calcined at	(hardened	Glass-base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(calcined
				at 600° C.)
30	Sputtered	Gold-base	Silver-base	Ruthenium	Save characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 8 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined	Table 1.
		glass	resin	at 200° C.)
		(calcined	(hardened	Resin-base
		at 850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(hardened
				at 200° C.)
31	Sputtered	Gold-base	Nickel-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	gold-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 9 in
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined	Table 1.
		glass	resin	at 200° C.)
		(calcined	(hardened	Resin-base
		at 850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(hardened
				at 200° C.)
32	Sputtered	Gold-base	Silver-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristics
	nickel-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 25 as
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	well as combination
		glass	resin	850° C.)	5 in Table 1.
		(calcined at	(hardened	Resin-base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(hardened
				at 200° C.)
33	Sputtered	Silver-base	Nickel-base	Ruthenium	Same characteristic
	nickel-base	conductive	conductive	oxide-base	as combination 26 as
	material	powder and	powder and	(calcined at	well as combination
		glass	resin	850° C.)	5 in Table 1.
		(calcined at	(hardened	Resin-base
		850° C.)	at 200° C.)	(hardened
				at 200° C.)

In addition, it is easily conceivable that the mount area can be further reduced if electrodes are not formed on the side surfaces in the fifth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

Sixth Exemplary Embodiment

A resistor of a sixth exemplary embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same will be described hereinafter by referring to accompanying figures.

FIG. 21 is a sectional view of a resistor of the sixth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

In FIG. 21 , a reference numeral 121 represents a substrate containing 96% of alumina. A reference numeral 122 represents a pair of upper surface electrode layers composed of thin films of gold-base material provided on sides portions of a main surface of the substrate 121 . A reference numeral 123 represents a resistance layer composed of a thin film of nickel-chrome base or chrome-silicon base compound provided on an upper surface of the substrate 121 . A reference numeral 124 is a protective layer composed of epoxy-group resin, or the like material provided on an upper surface of the resistance layer 123 . A reference numeral 125 represents side surface electrode layers composed of thin films of nickel-base material provided on side surfaces of the substrate 121 . Reference numerals 126 and 127 respectively represent nickel-plated layers and solder-plated layers provided, as occasion demands, for a purpose of assuring reliability, etc. during soldering. Ridges of these nickel-plated layers 126 and solder-plated layers 127 are rounded. Each surface area of the solder-plated layers 127 occupying the side surface of the substrate 121 is not more than a half of an area of the side surface of the substrate 121 .

The resistor of the sixth exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed as above is manufactured in a manner, which will be described hereinafter by referring to the figures.

FIG. 22 through FIG. 24 represent a series of procedural views showing a manufacturing method of the resistor of the sixth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

First of all, electrode paste consisting of metallic-organic substance, etc. having a principal component of gold and the like material is screen-printed in a manner not to cross over slitting grooves 129 made in a horizontal direction through an upper surface of sheet-formed substrate 121 , which has a superior heat-resisting property and an insulating property as it contains 96% alumina, and a surface of which is provided with a plurality of slitting grooves 128 and 129 in a vertical direction as well as in a horizontal direction in order to separate it into rectangular strips and then into individual pieces in the subsequent steps. After the electrode paste consisting of metallic-organic substance and the like is dried, it is calcined under a condition of approximately 850° C. for about 45 minutes in a belt-conveyed continuous kiln in order to disperse only organic components and to bake only metal components of the electrode paste onto the substrate 121 , to form upper surface electrode layers 122 in thin film, as shown in FIG. 22 ( a ).

Next, as shown in FIG. 22 ( b ), nickel-chrome, chrome-silicon, or the like compound is deposited by sputtering method on an entire upper surface of the sheet-formed substrate 121 , on which the upper surface electrode layers 122 (not shown in this figure) are formed, to form an integral resistance layer 130 .

The integral resistance layer 130 is then processed by photo-lithographic method, the same method as normally used for LSI's, etc. to form resistance layers 123 of a desired pattern, as shown in FIG. 22 ( c ). The resistance layers 123 are thermally treated at a temperature of approximately 300 to 400° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, trimming is made to form trimmed slits 131 with a YAG laser, as shown in FIG. 23 ( a ) in order to correct resistance values of the resistance layers 123 to a predetermined value. Trimming probes for measuring a resistance value are set on the upper surface electrode layers 122 in this process. The trimming is made by serpentine cutting method (a plurality of straight cuts), which is capable of adjusting the resistance freely from a low value to a high value.

Epoxy-base resin paste is screen-printed to form a printing pattern of individual protective layers corresponding to their respective resistance layers 123 , as shown in FIG. 23 ( b ), in order to protect the resistance layers 123 , of which resistance values have been corrected. Then, the epoxy-base resin paste is thermally set to form the protective layers 124 under a condition of approximately 200° C. for about 30 minutes in a belt-conveyed continuous hardening kiln in order to ensure a firm adhesion to the substrate 121 . For this process, the printing pattern of the protective layers may be made in such a shape that the protective layers cross over the slitting grooves 128 of vertical direction, and connectively cover a plurality of the horizontally aligned resistance layers 123 .

Subsequently, as shown in the same figure, side surface electrode layers 125 comprising a thin film of nickel-chrome base compound are formed by sputtering in a manner to cross over the slitting grooves 129 of horizontal direction, and to electrically connect with the upper surface electrode layers 122 . In this process, a resist layer is formed in advance in an area other than portions where the side surface electrode layers are formed. After a nickel-chrome layer is formed by sputtering over an entire surface of the substrate, the nickel-chrome layer of the area other than the side surface electrode layers is removed at the same time the resist layer is removed by lift-off method.

Then, the substrate 121 in a sheet-form is subjected to a primary separation into rectangular substrate strips 132 , as shown in FIG. 24 ( a ), by splitting it along the slitting grooves 129 of horizontal direction in the substrate 121 . When this is done, the side surface electrode layers 125 lie in their respective positions on the side surfaces along a longitudinal direction of the rectangular substrate strips 132 down to the depth of the slitting grooves 129 of horizontal direction.

Finally, as a preparatory process for plating exposed surfaces of the upper surface electrode layers 122 and the side surface electrode layers 125 , a secondary separation is made to separate the rectangular substrate strips 132 into individual substrate pieces 133 , as shown in FIG. 24 ( b ). A resistor is now completed when a nickel-plated layer, as an intermediate layer (not shown in the figure), and a solder-plated layer, as an outer layer (not shown in the figure), are formed by means of electroplating on exposed surfaces of the upper surface electrode layers 122 and the side surface electrode layers 125 , if necessary in order to prevent electrode-erosion during soldering and to assure reliability of the soldering.

The resistor of the sixth exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed and manufactured as above was soldered on a mount board. The resistor was mounted with the surface having the protective layer down, and soldered with both the upper surface electrode layers (not shown in the figure) and the resistance layer portion on side surface of the substrate, as shown in a sectional view of FIG. 25 ( a ) depicting the mounted position. However, since areas, whereon the side surface electrodes are formed, were so small, fillets 134 were barely formed. Accordingly, an actual mount area 137 came to the sum of a component area 135 and areas 136 required for soldering the side surfaces, as shown in a plan view of FIG. 25 ( b ) depicting the mounted position. The invention could attain a reduction of approximately 20% in the mount area as compared to a product of the prior art, in the case of a square-tip resistor in a size of 0.6×0.3 mm.

Therefore, the structure according to the present invention requires a small area on a mount board to form fillets of soldering, because of the small areas of the side surface electrodes of the resistor, and thereby it can reduce the mount areas.

Moreover, the side surface electrode layers 125 formed by sputtering can provide such advantages as strong adhesion to the substrate, realizing a linearity in boundary lines between the substrate 121 and the solder-plated layers 127 on the side surfaces of the substrate 121 , and high quality of the external appearance.

In addition, it is easily conceivable that the mount area can be further reduced if the side surface electrode layers 125 are not formed in the sixth exemplary embodiment of this invention. However, if the side surface electrode layers 125 are not formed, the resistor forms no fillet at all, thereby giving rise to a problem that makes an automated inspection by image recognition inexecutable, in consideration of the fact that inspection of soldering is usually carried out by means of image recognition after mounting components in the current manufacturing process of electronic devices.

In the sixth exemplary embodiment of this invention, if solder-plated layers 127 and the protective layer 124 are formed to be on the same plane, or if the solder-plated layers 127 are formed to be higher than the protective layer 124 , the resistor is not likely to allow a gap between the solder-plated layers 127 and a land pattern, when it is mounted, thereby further improving quality of mounting.

Furthermore, similar effect can be attained with other combinations of the upper surface electrode layers 122 , the resistance layer 123 and the protective layer 124 , beside the above combination in the structure of the sixth exemplary embodiment of this invention. These combinations and their respective characteristics are outlined in Table 6.

TABLE 6
Com-	Upper surface	Resistance	Protective
bina-	electrode layers	layer	layer
tion	122	123	124	Characteristics
1	Silver or gold-base	Ruthenium	Resin-base	High accuracy in resistance
	conductive powder	oxide-base	material	value due to low forming
	and glass	material	(hardened	temperature of protective
	(calcined at	(calcined at	at 200° C.)	layer.
	850° C.)	850° C.)
2	Silver or gold-base	Ruthenium	Glass-base	High resistance to humidity
	conductive powder	oxide-base	material	due to protective layer
	and glass	material	(calcined at	composed of glass.
	(calcined at	(calcined at	600° C.)
	850° C.)	850° C.)
3	Silver or gold-base	Carbonic	Resin-base	Capable of saving energy
	conductive powder	resin-base	material	due to low forming
	and glass	material	(hardened	temperature of resistance
	(calcined at	(hardened	at 200° C.)	layer, in addition to
	850° C.)	at 200° C.)		characteristic of
				combination 1.
4	Silver or gold-base	Ni-Cr base	Resin-base	Same characteristic as
	conductive powder	or Cr-Si	material	combination 1.
	and glass	base	(hardened
	(calcined at	sputtered	at 200° C.)
	850° C.)	film
5.	Gold-base organic	Ruthenium	Resin-base	Low manufacturing cost
	metal compound	oxide-base	material	due to small amount of
	(calcined at	material	(hardened	gold used, in addition to
	850° C.)	(calcined at	at 200° C.)	characteristic of
		850° C.)		combination 1.
6	Gold-base organic	Ruthenium	Glass-base	Low manufacturing cost
	metal compound	oxide-base	material	due to small amount of
	(calcined at	material	(calcined at	gold used, in addition to
	850° C.)	(calcined at	600° C.)	characteristic of
		850° C.)		combination 2
7	Gold-base organic	Carbonic	Resin-base	Low manufacturing cost
	metal compound	resin-base	material	due to small amount of
	(calcined at	material	(hardened	gold used, in addition to
	850° C.)	(hardened	at 200° C.)	characteristic of
		at 200° C.)		combination 3
8	Gold-base organic	Ni-Cr base	Resin-base	(Combination of the first
	metal compound	or Cr-Si	material	exemplary embodiment)
	(calcined at	base	(hardened
	850° C.)	sputtered	at 200° C.)
		film
9	Sputtered nickel-	Ni-Cr base	Resin-base	Inexpensive construction, if
	base, copper-base,	or Cr-Si	material	base metal of nickel or
	or gold base	base	(hardened	copper is used, in addition
	material	sputtered	at 200° C.)	to characteristic of
		film		combination 7.

Seventh Exemplary Embodiment

A resistor of a seventh exemplary embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same will be described hereinafter by referring to accompanying figures.

FIG. 26 is a sectional view of a resistor of the seventh exemplary embodiment of this invention.

In FIG. 26 , a reference numeral 141 represents a substrate containing 96% of alumina. A reference numeral 142 represents a pair of first upper surface electrode layers composed of thin films of gold-base material provided on side portions of an upper surface of the substrate 141 . A reference numeral 143 represents a resistance layer composed of a thin film of nickel-chrome base or chrome-silicon base compound provided between the first upper surface electrode layers 142 . A reference numeral 144 represents a protective layer composed of epoxy-group resin, or the like material provided on an upper surface of the resistance layer 143 . A reference numeral 145 represents a pair of second upper surface electrode layers composed of silver or nickel-base conductive powder containing resin. A reference numeral 146 represents side surface electrode layers provided on side surfaces of the substrate 141 in a manner to connect with the first upper surface electrode layers 142 or the second upper surface electrode layers 145 . Reference numerals 147 and 148 respectively represent nickel-plated layers and solder-plated layers provided, as occasion demands, for a purpose of assuring reliability, etc. during soldering. Ridges of these nickel-plated layers 147 and solder-plated layers 148 are rounded. Each surface area of the solder-plated layers 148 on the side surfaces of the substrate 121 is not more than a half of an area of the side surface of the substrate 141 .

The resistor of the seventh exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed as above is manufactured in a manner, which will be described hereinafter by referring to the figures.

FIG. 27 through FIG. 29 represent a series of procedural views showing a manufacturing method of the resistor of the seventh exemplary embodiment of this invention.

First of all, electrode paste consisting of metallic-organic substance, etc. having a principal component of gold and the like material is screen-printed in a manner not to cross over slitting grooves 150 made in a horizontal direction through an upper surface of sheet-formed substrate 141 , which has a superior heat-resisting property and an insulating property as it contains 96% alumina, and a surface of which is provided with a plurality of slitting grooves 149 and 150 in a vertical direction as well as in a horizontal direction in order to separate it into rectangular strips and then into individual pieces in the subsequent steps. After the electrode paste consisting of metallic-organic substance, etc. is dried, it is calcined under a condition of approximately 850° C. for about 45 minutes in a belt-conveyed continuous kiln in order to disperse only organic components and to bake only metal components of the electrode paste onto the substrate 141 , to form upper surface electrode layers 142 in thin film, as shown in FIG. 27 ( a ).

Next, as shown in FIG. 27 ( b ), nickel-chrome, chrome-silicon, or the like compound is deposited by sputtering method on an entire upper surface of the sheet-formed substrate 141 , on which the upper surface electrode layers 142 (not shown in this figure) are formed, to form an integral resistance layer 151 .

The integral resistance layer 151 is then processed by photo-lithographic method, the same method as normally used for LSI's, etc. to form resistance layers 143 of a desired pattern, as shown in FIG. 27 ( c ). The resistance layers 143 are thermally treated at a temperature of approximately 300 to 400° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, trimming is made to form trimmed slits 152 with a YAG laser, as shown in FIG. 28 ( a ) in order to correct resistance values of the resistance layers 143 to a predetermined value. Trimming probes for measuring a resistance value are set on the upper surface electrode layers 142 in this process. The trimming is made by serpentine cutting method (a plurality of straight cuts), which is capable of adjusting the resistance freely from a low value to a high value.

Epoxy-base resin paste is screen-printed to form a printing pattern of individual protective layers corresponding to their respective resistance layers 143 , as shown in FIG. 28 ( b ), in order to protect the resistance layers 143 , of which resistance values have been corrected. Then, the epoxy-base resin paste is thermally set to form the protective layers 144 under a condition of approximately 200° C. for about 30 minutes in a belt-conveyed continuous hardening kiln in order to ensure a firm adhesion to the substrate 141 . For this process, the printing pattern of the protective layers may be made in such a shape that the protective layers cross over the slitting grooves 149 of vertical direction, and connectively cover a plurality of the horizontally aligned resistance layers 143 .

Next, second upper surface electrode layers 145 are formed as shown in the same figure by screen-printing conductive paste composed of silver-base or nickel-base conductive powder containing resin in a manner to cover the upper surface electrode layers 142 , followed by thermally setting them in a belt-conveyed continuous hardening kiln under a condition of approximately 200° C. for about 30 minutes in order to ensure a firm adhesion to the substrate 141 .

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 28 ( c ), side surface electrode layers 146 comprising a thin film of nickel-chrome base compound are formed by sputtering in a manner to cross over the slitting grooves of horizontal direction (not shown in the figure), and to electrically connect with the upper surface electrode layers 142 . In this process, a resist layer is formed in advance in an area other than portions where the side surface electrode layers are formed. After a nickel-chrome layer is formed by sputtering over an entire surface of the substrate, the nickel-chrome layer in the area other than the side surface electrode layers is removed at the same time the resist layer is removed by lift-off method.

Then, the substrate 141 in a sheet-form is subjected to a primary separation into rectangular substrate strips 153 , as shown in FIG. 29 ( a ), by splitting it along the slitting grooves 150 of horizontal direction in the substrate 141 . When this is done, the side surface electrode layers 146 lie in their respective positions on the side surfaces along a longitudinal direction of the rectangular substrate strips 153 down to the depth of the slitting grooves 150 of horizontal direction.

Finally, as a preparatory process for plating exposed surfaces of the second upper surface electrode layers 145 and the side surface electrode layers 146 , a secondary separation is made to separate the rectangular substrate strips 153 into individual substrate pieces 154 , as shown in FIG. 29 ( b ). A resistor is now completed when a nickel-plated layer, as an intermediate layer (not shown in the figure), and a solder-plated layer, as an outer layer (not shown in the figure), are formed by means of electroplating on exposed surfaces of the second upper surface electrode layers 145 and the side surface electrode layers 146 , if necessary in order to prevent electrode-erosion during soldering and to assure reliability of the soldering.

The resistor of the seventh exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed and manufactured as above provides the same advantages as what has been described in the sixth exemplary embodiment, when it is soldered on a mount board, and therefore they will not be described.

In addition, similar effect can be attained with other combinations of the first upper surface electrode layers 142 , the second upper surface electrode layers 145 , the resistance layer 143 and the protective layer 144 , beside the above combination in the structure of the seventh exemplary embodiment of this invention. These combinations and their respective characteristics are outlined in Table 7.

TABLE 7
	First upper	Second upper
	surface	surface
Com-	electrode	electrode	Resistance	Protective
bina-	layers	layers	layer	layer
tion	142	145	143	144	Characteristics
1	Silver-base or	Silver-base or	Ruthenium	Glass-base	High resistance to
	gold-base	gold-base	oxide-base	material	humidity.
	conductive	conductive	material	(calcined
	powder and	powder and	(calcined	at 600° C.)
	glass (calcined	glass (calcined	at 850° C.)
	at 850° C.)	at 600° C.)
2	Silver-base or	Silver-base or	Ruthenium	Resin-base	Same characteristic
	gold-base	nickel-base	oxide-base	material	as combination 1
	conductive	material and	material	(hardened	of Table 1
	powder and	resin	(calcined	at 200° C.)
	glass (calcined	(hardened at	at 850° C.)
	at 850° C.)	200° C.)
3	Silver-base or	Silver-base or	Ni-Cr base	Resin-base	Same as above.
	gold-base	nickel-base	or Cr-Si	material
	conductive	material and	base	(hardened
	powder and	resin	sputtered	at 200° C.)
	glass	(hardened at	film
	(calcined at	200° C.)
	850° C.)
4	Gold-base	Silver-base or	Ruthenium	Glass-base	Same characteristic
	organic metal	gold-base	oxide-base	material	as combination 5
	compound	conductive	material	(calcined	of Table 1.
	(calcined at	powder and	(calcined	at 600° C.)
	850° C.)	glass (calcined	at 850° C.)
		at 600° C.)
5	Gold-base	Silver-base or	Ni-Cr base	Resin-base	(Combination of
	organic metal	nickel-base	or Cr-Si	material	second exemplary
	compound	material and	base	(hardened	embodiment)
	(calcined at	resin	sputtered	at 200° C.)
	850° C.)	(hardened at	film
		200° C.)
6	Gold-base	Silver-base or	Carbonic	Resin-base	Same characteristic
	organic metal	nickel-base	resin base	material	as combination 7
	compound	material and	material	(hardened	of Table 1.
	(calcined at	resin	(hardened	at 200° C.)
	850° C.)	(hardened at	at 200° C.)
		200° C.)
7	Sputtered	Silver-base or	Ni-Cr base	Resin-base	Same characteristic
	nickel-base,	nickel-base	or Cr-Si	material	as combination 9
	copper-base,	material and	base	(hardened	of Table 1.
	or gold base	resin	sputtered	at 200° C.)
	material	(hardened at	film
		200° C.)
8	Sputtered	Silver-base or	Carbonic	Resin-base	Same characteristic
	nickel-base,	nickel-base	resin base	material	as combination 9
	copper-base,	material and	material	(hardened	of Table 1.
	or gold base	resin	(hardened	at 200° C.)
	material	(hardened at	at 200° C.)
		200° C.)

Eighth Exemplary Embodiment

A resistor of an eighth exemplary embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same will be described hereinafter by referring to accompanying figures.

FIG. 30 is a sectional view of a resistor of the eighth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

In FIG. 30 , a reference numeral 161 represents a substrate containing 96% of alumina. A reference numeral 162 represents upper surface electrode layers composed of silver-base conductive powder containing glass, and provided on side portions of a main surface and portions of side surfaces of the substrate 161 . Ridges of these upper surface electrode layers 162 are rounded. In addition, a surface area of each of the upper surface electrode layers 162 on the side surfaces of the substrate 161 is not more than a half of an area of the side surface of the substrate 161 . A reference numeral 163 represents a resistance layer having a chief component of ruthenium oxide, for electrically connecting with the upper surface electrode layers 163 . A reference numeral 164 represents a protective layer having a chief component of glass, provided on an upper surface of the resistance layer 163 . Reference numerals 165 and 166 respectively represent nickel-plated layers and solder-plated layers provided, as occasion demands, for a purpose of assuring reliability, etc. during soldering.

The resistor of the eighth exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed as above is manufactured in a manner, which will be described hereinafter by referring to the figures.

FIG. 31 and FIG. 32 represent a series of procedural views showing a manufacturing method of the resistor of the eighth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

First, electrode paste containing silver-base conductive powder and glass is printed to form upper surface electrode layers 162 , as shown in FIG. 31 ( a ), in a manner to cross over slitting grooves 168 made in a horizontal direction through a sheet-formed substrate 161 , which has a superior heat-resisting property and an insulating property as it contains 96% alumina, and a surface of which is provided with a plurality of slitting grooves 167 and 168 in a vertical direction as well as in a horizontal direction in order to separate it into rectangular strips and then into individual pieces in the subsequent steps. The upper surface electrode layers 162 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films. During this process, the electrode paste gets into the slitting grooves 168 of horizontal direction, and that the upper surface electrode layers 162 can be formed deeply down in the slitting grooves. Generally, the slitting grooves 167 and 168 are so formed that their depth with respect to a thickness of the substrate 161 becomes equal to or less than a half of the thickness of the substrate 161 , so as to avoid it from being cracked during handling in the manufacturing process.

Next, resistive paste having a principal component of ruthenium oxide is printed to form resistance layers 163 in a manner that they connect electrically with the upper surface electrode layers 162 , as shown in FIG. 31 ( b ). The resistance layers 163 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, trimming is made to form trimmed slits 169 with a YAG laser, as shown in FIG. 31 ( c ) in order to correct resistance values of the resistance layers 163 to a predetermined value. The trimming is made with trimming probes for measuring a resistance value set on the upper surface electrode layers 162 during this process.

Another paste having a principal component of glass is printed to form protective layers 164 , as shown in FIG. 32 ( a ), in order to protect the resistance layers 163 , of which resistance values have been corrected. For this process, a printing pattern may be made in such a shape that the protective layers 164 cross over the slitting grooves 167 of vertical direction to connectively cover a plurality of the horizontally aligned resistance layers 163 . The protective layers 164 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 600° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Then, the substrate 161 in a sheet-form is separated into rectangular substrate strips 170 by splitting it along the slitting grooves 168 of horizontal direction in the substrate 161 , on which the upper surface electrode layers 162 , the resistance layers 163 , the trimmed slits 169 , and the protective layers 164 are formed, as shown in FIG. 32 ( b ). When this is done, the previously formed upper surface electrode layers 162 lie in their respective positions on the side surfaces along a longitudinal direction of the rectangular substrate strips 170 down to the depth of the slitting grooves 168 of horizontal direction.

As a preparatory process for plating exposed surfaces of the upper surface electrode layers 162 , the rectangular substrate strips 170 are finally separated into individual substrate pieces 171 by splitting them along the slitting grooves 167 of vertical direction, as shown in FIG. 32 ( c ). A resistor is now completed when a nickel-plated layer, as an intermediate layer (not shown in the figure), and a solder-plated layer, as an outer layer (not shown in the figure), are formed by means of electroplating on exposed surfaces of the upper surface electrode layers 162 in order to prevent electrode-erosion during soldering and to assure reliability of the soldering.

The resistor of the eighth exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed and manufactured as above was soldered on a mount board. The resistor was mounted with the surface having the protective layer down, and soldered with both the upper surface electrode layers (not shown in the figure) and the resistance layer on side surfaces of the substrate, as shown in a sectional view of FIG. 33 ( a ) depicting a mounted position. However, since areas in the side surfaces, whereon the electrodes are formed, were so small, fillets 173 were barely formed. Accordingly, an actual mount area 176 came to the sum of a component area 174 and areas 175 required for soldering the side surfaces of this component, as shown in a plan view of FIG. 33 ( b ) depicting the mounted position. The invention could attain a reduction of approximately 20% in the mount area as compared to a component of the prior art, in the case of a square-tip resistor in a size of 0.6×0.3 mm.

Therefore, the structure according to the eighth exemplary embodiment of the present invention requires a small area on a mount board to form fillets of soldering, because of the small areas of the side surface electrodes on the resistor, and thereby it can reduce the mount areas.

In the eighth exemplary embodiment of this invention, if solder-plated layers 166 and the protective layer 164 are formed to be on the same plane, or if the solder-plated layers 166 are formed to be higher than the protective layer 164 , the resistor is not likely to allow a gap between the solder-plated layers 166 and a land pattern, when it is mounted, thereby further improving quality of mounting.

In addition, other characteristics (specified in Table 8) can be improved in this eighth exemplary embodiment of the invention, if the upper surface electrode layers 162 and the protective layer 164 are constituted of combinations shown in Table 8.

TABLE 8
Com-	Upper surface
bin-	electrode	Protective	Characteristics
ation	layers 162	layer 164	to be improved
1	Gold-base	Glass-base	Improvement in loaded-life
	conductive powder	material	characteristic due to low ion
	and glass	(calcined at	migration
	(calcined at	600° C.)
	850° C.)
2	Silver-base	Resin-base	No variation in resistance
	conductive powder	material	value in manufacturing
	and glass	(hardened at	process, and small deviation
	(calcined at	200° C.)	in resistance value of
	850° C.)		products, due to low
			processing temperature of
			protective layer 34.
3	Gold-base	Resin-base	Both characteristics of above
	conductive powder	material	combinations 1 and 2.
	and glass	(hardened at
	(calcined at	200° C.)
	850° C.)
4	Gold-base organic	Glass-base	Same characteristics as above
	metal compound	material	combinations 1, and low
	(calcined at	(calcined at	manufacturing cost due to less
	850° C.)	600° C.)	amount of gold used than
			combination 1.
5	Gold-base organic	Resin-base	Both characteristics of above
	metal compound	material	combinations 3 and 4.
	(calcined at	(hardened at
	850° C.)	200° C.)

In addition, it is easily conceivable that the mount area can be further reduced if the side surface electrodes are not formed in the eighth exemplary embodiment of this invention. However, if the side surface electrodes are not formed, the resistor forms no fillet at all, thereby giving rise to a problem that makes an automated inspection by image recognition inexecutable, in consideration of the fact that inspection of soldering is usually carried out by means of image recognition after mounting components in the current manufacturing process of electronic devices.

Ninth Exemplary Embodiment

A resistor of a ninth exemplary embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same will be described hereinafter by referring to accompanying figures.

FIG. 34 is a sectional view of a resistor of the ninth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

In FIG. 34 , a reference numeral 181 represents a substrate containing 96% of alumina. A reference numeral 182 represents upper surface electrode layers provided by sputtering gold-base material on side portions of a main surface and portions of side surfaces of the substrate 181 . Ridges of these upper surface electrode layers 182 are rounded. In addition, a surface area of each of the upper surface electrode layers 182 on the side surfaces of the substrate 181 is not more than a half of an area of the side surface of the substrate 181 . A reference numeral 183 represents a resistance layer having a chief component of ruthenium oxide, for electrically connecting with the upper surface electrode layers 182 . A reference numeral 184 represents a protective layer having a chief component of glass, provided on an upper surface of the resistance layer 183 . Reference numerals 185 and 186 respectively represent nickel-plated layers and solder-plated layers provided, as occasion demands, for a purpose of assuring reliability, etc. during soldering.

The resistor of the ninth exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed as above is manufactured in a manner, which will be described hereinafter by referring to the figures.

FIG. 35 and FIG. 36 represent a series of procedural views showing a manufacturing method of the resistor of the ninth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

First, gold is deposited in a form of film by sputtering method on an entire upper surface of a sheet-formed substrate 181 , which has a superior heat-resisting property and an insulating property as it contains 96% alumina; and a surface of which is provided with a plurality of slitting grooves 187 and 188 in a vertical direction as well as in a horizontal direction in order to separate it into rectangular strips and then into individual pieces in the subsequent steps. Further, upper surface electrode layers 182 having a desired electrode pattern are formed, as shown in FIG. 35 ( a ), by photo-lithographic method which is normally used for LSI's, and the like. The upper surface electrode layers 182 are subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of approximately 300 to 400° C. in order to make them become stable films. During this process, the upper surface electrode layers 182 get into slitting grooves 188 of horizontal direction, and the upper surface electrode layers 182 can be formed deeply down in the slitting grooves. Generally, the slitting grooves 187 and 188 are so formed that their depth with respect to a thickness of the substrate 181 becomes equal to or less than a half of the thickness of the substrate 181 , so as to avoid it from being cracked during handling in the manufacturing process.

Next, resistive paste having a principal component of ruthenium oxide is printed to form resistance layers 183 in a manner that they connect electrically with the upper surface electrode layers 182 , as shown in FIG. 35 ( b ). The resistance layers 183 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, trimming is made to form trimmed slits 189 with a YAG laser, as shown in FIG. 35 ( c ) in order to correct resistance values of the resistance layers 183 to a predetermined value. The trimming is made with trimming probes for measuring a resistance value set on the upper surface electrode layers 182 during this process.

Another paste having a principal component of glass is printed to form protective layers 184 , as shown in FIG. 36 ( a ), in order to protect the resistance layers 183 , of which resistance values have been corrected. For this process, a printing pattern may be made in such a shape that the protective layers 184 cross over the slitting grooves 187 of vertical direction to connectively cover a plurality of the horizontally aligned resistance layers 183 . The protective layers 184 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 600° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Then, the substrate 181 in a sheet-form, on which the upper surface electrode layers 182 , the resistance layers 183 , the trimmed slits 189 , and the protective layers 184 are formed, is separated into rectangular substrate strips 190 by splitting it along the slitting grooves 188 of horizontal direction in the substrate 181 , as shown in FIG. 36 ( b ). When this is done, the previously formed upper surface electrode layers 182 lie in their respective positions on the side surfaces along a longitudinal direction of the rectangular substrate strips 190 down to the depth of the slitting grooves 188 of horizontal direction.

As a preparatory process for plating exposed surfaces of the upper surface electrode layers 182 , the rectangular substrate strips 190 are finally separated into individual substrate pieces 191 by splitting them along the slitting grooves 187 of vertical direction, as shown in FIG. 36 ( c ). A resistor is now completed when a nickel-plated layer, as an intermediate layer (not shown in the figure), and a solder-plated layer, as an outer layer (not shown in the figure), are formed by means of electroplating on exposed surfaces of the upper surface electrode layers 182 in order to prevent electrode-erosion during soldering and to assure reliability of the soldering.

The resistor of the ninth exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed and manufactured as above provides the same advantages as what has been described in the eighth exemplary embodiment, when it is soldered on a mount board, and therefore they will not be described.

In addition, other characteristics (specified in Table 9) can be improved in this ninth exemplary embodiment of the invention, if the upper surface electrode layers 182 , resistance layer 183 and the protective layer 184 are constituted of combinations shown in Table 9.

TABLE 9
Com-	Upper surface	Resistance	Protective
bina-	electrode layers	layer	layer	Characteristics to be
tion	182	183	184	improved
6	Sputtered gold-	Ruthenium	Resin-base	No variation in
	base material	oxide-base	material	manufacturing process, and
	(heat-treated at	material	(hardened	small deviation in resistance
	300-400° C.)	(calcined	at 200° C.)	value of products, due to low
		at 850° C.)		processing temperature of
				protective layer
7	Sputtered gold-	Carbonic-	Resin-base	Same characteristic as above
	base material	resin base	material	combination 6, with less cost
	(heat-treated at	material	(hardened	and capable of saving
	300-400° C.)	(hardened	at 200° C.)	electric energy due to lower
		at 200° C.)		process temperature of
				resistance layer than
				combination 6.
8	Sputtered	Carbonic-	Resin-base	Same characteristic as above
	nickel-base	resin base	material	combination 7, with less
	material	material	(hardened	manufacturing cost due to
	(heat-treated at	(hardened	at 200° C.)	use of base metal for
	300-400° C.)	at 200° C.)		electrode material as
				opposed to combination 7.

Tenth Exemplary Embodiment

A resistor of a tenth exemplary embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same will be described hereinafter by referring to accompanying figures.

FIG. 37 is a sectional view of a resistor of the tenth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

In FIG. 37 , a reference numeral 201 represents a substrate containing 96% of alumina. A reference numeral 202 represents first upper surface electrode layers composed of silver-base conductive powder containing glass, provided on side portions of a main surface and portions of side surfaces of the substrate 201 . A surface area of each of the first upper surface electrode layers 202 on the side surfaces of the substrate 201 is not more than a half of an area of the side surface of the substrate 201 . A reference numeral 203 represents a resistance layer having a chief component of ruthenium oxide, for electrically connecting with the first upper surface electrode layers 202 . A reference numeral 204 represents a protective layer having a chief component of glass, provided on an upper surface of the resistance layer 203 . A reference numeral 205 represents second upper surface electrode layers composed of silver-base conductive powder containing glass, provided on upper surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 202 . Ridges of the second upper surface electrode layers 205 are rounded. Reference numerals 206 and 207 respectively represent nickel-plated layers and solder-plated layers provided, as occasion demands, for a purpose of assuring reliability, etc. during soldering.

The resistor of the tenth exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed as above is manufactured in a manner, which will be described hereinafter by referring to the figures.

FIG. 38 and FIG. 39 represent a series of procedural views showing a manufacturing method of the resistor of the tenth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

First, electrode paste containing silver-base conductive powder and glass is printed to form first upper surface electrode layers 202 , as shown in FIG. 38 ( a ), in a manner to cross over slitting grooves 209 made in a horizontal direction through a sheet-formed substrate 201 , which has a superior heat-resisting property and an insulating property as it contains 96% alumina, and a surface of which is provided with a plurality of slitting grooves 208 and 209 in a vertical direction as well as in a horizontal direction in order to separate it into rectangular strips and then into individual pieces in the subsequent steps. The first upper surface electrode layers 202 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films. During this process, the electrode paste gets into the slitting grooves 209 of horizontal direction, thereby the first upper surface electrode layers 202 can be formed down deeply in the slitting grooves. Generally, the slitting grooves 208 and 209 are so formed that their depth with respect to a thickness of the substrate 201 becomes equal to or less than a half of the thickness of the substrate 201 , so as to avoid it from being cracked during handling in the manufacturing process.

Next, resistive paste having a principal component of ruthenium oxide is printed to form resistance layers 203 in a manner that they connect electrically with the first upper surface electrode layers 202 , as shown in FIG. 38 ( b ). The resistance layers 203 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, trimming is made to form trimmed slits 210 with a YAG laser, as shown in FIG. 38 ( c ) in order to correct resistance values of the resistance layers 203 to a predetermined value. The trimming is made with trimming probes for measuring a resistance value set on the first upper surface electrode layers 202 during this process.

Another paste having a principal component of glass is printed to form protective layers 204 , as shown in FIG. 39 ( a ), in order to protect the resistance layers 203 , of which resistance values have been corrected. For this process, a printing pattern may be made in such a shape that the protective layers 204 cross over the slitting grooves 208 of vertical direction to connectively cover a plurality of the horizontally aligned resistance layers 203 . The protective layers 204 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 600° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, electrode paste containing silver-base conductive powder and glass is printed to form second upper surface electrode layers 205 on upper surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 202 , as shown in FIG. 39 ( b ), in a manner not to cross over slitting grooves 209 of horizontal direction. For this process, the printing pattern of the second upper surface electrode layers 205 may be made in such a shape that the second upper surface electrode layers cross over the slitting grooves 208 of vertical direction, above the plurality of horizontally aligned first upper surface electrode layers 202 . The second upper surface electrode layers 205 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 600° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Then, the substrate 201 in a sheet-form, on which the first upper surface electrode layers 202 , the resistance layers 203 , the trimmed slits 210 , the protective layers 204 and the second upper surface electrode layers 205 are formed, is separated into rectangular substrate strips 211 by splitting it along the slitting grooves 209 of horizontal direction in the substrate 201 , as shown in FIG. 39 ( c ). When this is done, the previously formed first upper surface electrode layers 202 lie in their respective positions on the side surfaces along a longitudinal direction of the rectangular substrate strips 211 down to the depth of the slitting grooves 209 of horizontal direction.

As a preparatory process for plating exposed surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 202 and the second upper surface electrode layers 205 , the rectangular substrate strips 211 are finally separated into individual substrate pieces 212 by splitting them along the slitting grooves 208 of vertical direction, as shown in FIG. 39 ( d ). A resistor is now completed when a nickel-plated layer, as an intermediate layer (not shown in the figure), and a solder-plated layer, as an outer layer (not shown in the figure), are formed by means of electroplating on exposed surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 202 and the second upper surface electrode layers 205 in order to prevent electrode-erosion during soldering and to assure reliability of the soldering.

The resistor of the tenth exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed and manufactured as above was soldered on a mount board. The resistor was mounted with the surface having the protective layer down, and soldered with both the upper surface electrode layers (not shown in the figure) and the resistance layer on sides of the substrate, as shown in a sectional view of FIG. 40 ( a ) depicting a mounted position. However, since areas in the side surfaces, whereon electrodes are formed, were so small, fillets 213 were barely formed. Accordingly, an actual mount area 216 came to the sum of a component area 214 and areas 215 required for soldering the side surfaces of this component, as shown in a plan view of FIG. 40 ( b ) depicting the mounted position. The invention could attain a reduction of approximately 20% in the mount area as compared to a component of the prior art, in the case of a square-tip resistor in a size of 0.6×0.3 mm.

Therefore, the structure according to the present invention requires a small area on a mount board to form fillets of soldering, because of the small areas of the side surface electrodes on the resistor, and thereby it can reduce the mount areas.

In the tenth exemplary embodiment of this invention, if solder-plated layers 207 and the protective layer 204 are formed to be on the same plane, or if the solder-plated layers 207 are formed to be higher than the protective layer 204 , the resistor is not likely to allow a gap between the solder-plated layers 207 and a land pattern, when it is mounted, thereby further improving quality of mounting.

In addition, other characteristics (specified in Table 10) can be improved in this tenth exemplary embodiment of the invention, if the first upper surface electrode layers 202 , the protective layer 204 and the second upper surface electrode layers 205 are constituted of combinations shown in Table 10.

TABLE 10
		Second
	First upper	upper
	surface	surface
Com-	electrode	electrode	Protective
bina-	layers	layers	layer	Characteristics to be
tion	202	205	204	improved
1	Silver-base	Silver-base	Resin-base	No variation in resistance
	conductive	conductive	material	value during manufact-
	powder and	powder and	(hardened	uring process, and small
	glass	resin	at	deviation in resistance
	(calcined at	(hardened at	200° C.)	value of products,
	850° C.)	200° C.)		due to low processing
				temperature of pro-
				tective layer 204.
2	Silver-base	Nickel-base	Resin-base	Same characteristic as
	conductive	conductive	material	above combination 1,
	powder and	powder and	(hardened	with less manufacturing
	glass	resin	at	cost due to use of
	(calcined at	(hardened at	200° C.)	base metal for second
	850° C.)	200° C.)		upper surface electrode
				layers 205.
3	Silver-base	Silver-base	Glass-base	Improvement in loaded-
	conductive	conductive	material	life characteristic due
	powder and	powder and	(hardened	to low ion migration.
	glass	glass	at
	(calcined at	(calcined at	600° C.)
	850° C.)	600° C.)
4	Gold-base	Silver-base	Resin-base	Both characteristics of
	conductive	conductive	material	above combinations
	powder and	powder and	(hardened	1 and 3.
	glass	resin	at
	(calcined at	(hardened at	200° C.)
	850° C.)	200° C.)
5	Gold-base	Nickel-base	Resin-base	Both characteristics of
	conductive	conductive	material	above combinations
	powder and	powder and	(hardened	2 and 3.
	glass	resin	at
	(calcined at	(hardened at	200° C.)
	850° C.)	200° C.)
6	Gold-base	Silver-base	Glass-base	Same characteristic as
	organic	conductive	material	above combination 3,
	metal	powder and	(hardened	and low cost due to
	compound	glass	at	reduction in amount
	(calcined at	(calcined at	600° C.)	of gold used.
	850° C.)	600° C.)
7	Gold-base	Silver-base	Resin-base	Both characteristics of
	organic	conductive	material	above combinations
	metal	powder and	(hardened	1 and 6.
	compound	resin	at
	(calcined at	(hardened at	200° C.)
	850° C.)	200° C.)
8	Gold-base	Nickel-base	Resin-base	Both characteristics of
	organic	conductive	material	above combinations
	metal	powder and	(hardened	2 and 6.
	compound	resin	at
	(calcined at	(hardened at	200° C.)
	850° C.)	200° C.)

In addition, it is easily conceivable that the mount area can be further reduced if electrodes are not formed on the side surfaces in the tenth exemplary embodiment of this invention. However, if the electrodes are not formed on the side surfaces, the resistor forms no fillet at all, thereby giving rise to a problem that makes an automated inspection by image recognition inexecutable, in consideration of the fact that inspection of soldering is usually carried out by means of image recognition after mounting components in the current manufacturing process of electronic devices.

Eleventh Exemplary Embodiment

A resistor of an eleventh exemplary embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same will be described hereinafter by referring to accompanying figures.

FIG. 41 is a sectional view of a resistor of the eleventh exemplary embodiment of this invention.

In FIG. 41 , a reference numeral 221 represents a substrate containing 96% of alumina. A reference numeral 222 represents first upper surface electrode layers provided on side portions of a main surface and portions of side surfaces of the substrate 221 by means of sputtering gold-base material. A surface area of each of the first upper surface electrode layers 222 on the side surfaces of the substrate 221 is not more than a half of an area of the side surface of the substrate 221 . A reference numeral 223 represents a resistance layer having a chief component of ruthenium oxide, for electrically connecting with the first upper surface electrode layers 222 . A reference numeral 224 represents a protective layer having a chief component of glass, provided on an upper surface of the resistance layer 223 . A reference numeral 225 represents second upper surface electrode layers composed of silver-base conductive powder containing glass, provided on upper surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 222 . Ridges of the second upper surface electrode layers 225 are rounded. Reference numerals 226 and 227 respectively represent nickel-plated layers and solder-plated layers provided, as occasion demands, for a purpose of assuring reliability, etc. during soldering.

The resistor of the eleventh exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed as above is manufactured in a manner, which will be described hereinafter by referring to the figures.

FIG. 42 and FIG. 43 represent a series of procedural views showing a manufacturing method of the resistor of the eleventh exemplary embodiment of this invention.

First, gold is deposited in a form of film by sputtering method on an entire upper surface of a sheet-formed substrate 221 , which has a superior heat-resisting property and an insulating property as it contains 96% alumina, and a surface of which is provided with a plurality of slitting grooves 228 and 229 in a vertical direction as well as in a horizontal direction in order to separate it into rectangular strips and then into individual pieces in the subsequent steps. Further, first upper surface electrode layers 222 having a desired electrode pattern are formed, as shown in FIG. 42 ( a ), by photo-lithographic method which is normally used for LSI's, and the like. The first upper surface electrode layers 222 are subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of approximately 300 to 400° C. in order to make them become stable films. During this process, the first upper surface electrode layers 222 get into slitting grooves 229 of horizontal direction, thereby the upper surface electrode layers 222 can be formed down deeply in the slitting grooves. Generally, the slitting grooves 228 and 229 are so formed that their depth with respect to a thickness of the substrate 221 becomes equal to or less than a half of the thickness of the substrate 221 , so as to avoid it from being cracked during handling in the manufacturing process.

Next, resistive paste having a principal component of ruthenium oxide is printed to form resistance layers 223 in a manner that they connect electrically with the first upper surface electrode layers 222 , as shown in FIG. 42 ( b ). The resistance layers 223 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, trimming is made to form trimmed slits 230 with a YAG laser, as shown in FIG. 42 ( c ) in order to correct resistance values of the resistance layers 223 to a predetermined value. The trimming is made with trimming probes for measuring a resistance value set on the first upper surface electrode layers 222 during this process.

Another paste having a principal component of glass is printed to form protective layers 224 , as shown in FIG. 43 ( a ), in order to protect the resistance layers 223 , of which resistance values have been corrected. For this process, a printing pattern may be made in such a shape that the protective layers 224 cross over the slitting grooves 228 of vertical direction to connectively cover a plurality of the horizontally aligned resistance layers 223 . The protective layers 224 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 600° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, electrode paste containing silver-base conductive powder and glass is printed to form second upper surface electrode layers 225 on upper surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 222 , as shown in FIG. 43 ( b ), in a manner not to cross over slitting grooves 229 of horizontal direction. The second upper surface electrode layers 225 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 600° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Then, the substrate 221 in a sheet-form on which the first upper surface electrode layers 222 , the resistance layers 223 , the trimmed slits 230 , the protective layers 224 and second upper surface electrode layers 225 are formed, is separated into rectangular substrate strips 231 by splitting it along the slitting grooves 229 of horizontal direction in the substrate 221 , as shown in FIG. 43 ( c ). When this is done, the previously formed first upper surface electrode layers 222 lie in their respective positions on the side surfaces along a longitudinal direction of the rectangular substrate strips 231 down to the depth of the slitting grooves 229 of horizontal direction.

As a preparatory process for plating exposed surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 222 and the second upper surface electrode layers 225 , the rectangular substrate strips 231 are finally separated into individual substrate pieces 232 by splitting them along the slitting grooves 228 of vertical direction, as shown in FIG. 43 ( d ). A resistor is now completed when a nickel-plated layer, as an intermediate layer (not shown in the figure), and a solder-plated layer, as an outer layer (not shown in the figure), are formed by means of electroplating on exposed surfaces of the upper surface electrode layers 222 in order to prevent electrode-erosion during soldering and to assure reliability of the soldering.

The resistor of the eleventh exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed and manufactured as above provides the same advantages as what has been described in the tenth exemplary embodiment, when it is soldered on a mount board, and therefore they will not be described.

In addition, other characteristics (specified in Table 11) can be improved in this eleventh exemplary embodiment of the invention, if the first upper surface electrode layers 222 , the protective layer 224 and the second upper surface electrode layers 225 are constituted of combinations shown in Table 11.

TABLE 11
	First
	upper	Second
	surface	upper
Com-	electrode	surface	Protective	Characteristics
bina-	layers	electrode	layer	to be
tion	222	layers 225	224	improved
9	Sputtered	Silver-base	Resin-base	No variation in
	gold-base	conductive	material	resistance value during
	material	powder and	(hardened	manufacturing process,
	(heat-	resin	at 200° C.)	and small deviation in
	treated at	(hardened at		resistance value of
	300-400°	200° C.)		products, due to low
	C.)			processing temperature
				of protective layer 224.
10	Sputtered	Nickel-base	Resin-base	Same characteristic as
	gold-base	conductive	material	above combination 9,
	material	powder and	(hardened	with less manufacturing
	(heat-	resin	at 200° C.)	cost due to use of base
	treated at	(hardened at		metal for second upper
	300-400°	200° C.)		surface electrode layers.
	C.)
11	Sputtered	Silver-base	Resin-base	Requires carbonic resin-
	nickel-	conductive	material	base material for resis-
	base	powder and	(hardened	tance layer. Carbonic
	material	resin	at 200° C.)	resin-base material can
	(heat-	(hardened at		provide saving of
	treated at	200° C.)		electricity.
	300-400°
	C.)

Twelfth Exemplary Embodiment

A resistor of a twelfth exemplary embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same will be described hereinafter by referring to accompanying figures.

FIG. 44 is a sectional view of a resistor of the twelfth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

In FIG. 44 , a reference numeral 241 represents a substrate containing 96% of alumina. A reference numeral 242 represents first upper surface electrode layers composed of silver-base conductive powder containing glass, provided on side portions of a main surface of the substrate 241 . A reference numeral 243 represents a resistance layer having a chief component of ruthenium oxide, for electrically connecting with the first upper surface electrode layers 242 . A reference numeral 244 represents a protective layer having a chief component of glass, provided on an upper surface of the resistance layer 243 . A reference numeral 245 represents second upper surface electrode layers composed of silver-base conductive powder containing glass, provided on upper surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 242 and portions of side surfaces of the substrate 241 . A surface area of each of the second upper surface electrode layers 245 on the side surfaces of the substrate 241 is not more than a half of an area of the side surface of the substrate 241 . Ridges of the second upper surface electrode layers 245 are rounded. Reference numerals 246 and 247 respectively represent nickel-plated layers and solder-plated layers provided, as occasion demands, for a purpose of assuring reliability, etc. during soldering.

FIG. 45 and FIG. 46 represent a series of procedural views showing a manufacturing method of the resistor of the twelfth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

First, electrode paste containing silver-base conductive powder and glass is printed to form first upper surface electrode layers 242 , as shown in FIG. 45 ( a ), in a manner to cross over slitting grooves 249 made in a horizontal direction through a sheet-formed substrate 241 , which has a superior heat-resisting property and an insulating property as it contains 96% alumina, and a surface of which is provided with a plurality of slitting grooves 248 and 249 in a vertical direction as well as in a horizontal direction in order to separate it into rectangular strips and then into individual pieces in the subsequent steps. The first upper surface electrode layers 242 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films. Generally, the slitting grooves 248 and 249 are so formed that their depth with respect to a thickness of the substrate 241 becomes equal to or less than a half of the thickness of the substrate 241 , so as to avoid it from being cracked during handling in the manufacturing process.

Next, resistive paste having a principal component of ruthenium oxide is printed to form resistance layers 243 in a manner that they connect electrically with the first upper surface electrode layers 242 , as shown in FIG. 45 ( b ). The resistance layers 243 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, trimming is made to form trimmed slits 250 with a YAG laser, as shown in FIG. 45 ( c ) in order to correct resistance values of the resistance layers 243 to a predetermined value. The trimming is made with trimming probes for measuring a resistance value set on the first upper surface electrode layers 242 during this process.

Another paste having a principal component of glass is printed to form protective layers 244 , as shown in FIG. 46 ( a ), in order to protect the resistance layers 243 , of which resistance values have been corrected. For this process, a printing pattern may be made in such a shape that the protective layers 244 cross over the slitting grooves 248 of vertical direction to connectively cover a plurality of the horizontally aligned resistance layers 243 , which form lines. The protective layers 244 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 600° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, electrode paste containing silver-base conductive powder and glass is printed to form second upper surface electrode layers 245 on an upper surface of the first substrate 242 , as shown in FIG. 46 ( b ), in a manner to cross over slitting grooves 249 of horizontal direction in the substrate 241 . During this process, the electrode paste gets into the slitting grooves 249 of horizontal direction, thereby the second upper surface electrode layers 245 can be formed down to the deep in the slitting grooves. For this process, the printing pattern of the second upper surface electrode layers 245 may be made in such a shape that the second upper surface electrode layers cross over the slitting grooves 248 of vertical direction, over the plurality of horizontally aligned first upper surface electrode layers 242 . The second upper surface electrode layers 245 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 600° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Then, the substrate 241 in a sheet-form on which the first upper surface electrode layers 242 , the resistance layers 243 , the trimmed slits 250 , the protective layers 244 and the second upper surface electrode layers 245 are formed, is separated into rectangular substrate strips 251 by splitting it along the slitting grooves 249 of horizontal direction in the substrate 241 , as shown in FIG. 46 ( c ). When this is done, the previously formed second upper surface electrode layers 245 lie in their respective positions on the side surfaces along a longitudinal direction of the rectangular substrate strips 251 down to the depth of the slitting grooves 249 of horizontal direction.

As a preparatory process for plating exposed surfaces of the second upper surface electrode layers 245 , the rectangular substrate strips 251 are finally separated into individual substrate pieces 252 by splitting them along the slitting grooves 248 of vertical direction, as shown in FIG. 46 ( d ). A resistor is now completed when a nickel-plated layer, as an intermediate layer (not shown in the figure), and a solder-plated layer, as an outer layer (not shown in the figure), are formed by means of electroplating on exposed surfaces of the second upper surface electrode layers 245 in order to prevent electrode-erosion during soldering and to assure reliability of the soldering.

The resistor of the twelfth exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed and manufactured as above provides the same advantages as what has been described in the tenth exemplary embodiment, when it is soldered on a mount board, and therefore they will not be described.

In addition, other characteristics (specified in Table 12) can be improved in this twelfth exemplary embodiment of the invention, if the first upper surface electrode layers 242 , the protective layer 244 and the second upper surface electrode layers 245 are constituted of combinations shown in Table 12.

TABLE 12
	First
	upper	Second
	surface	upper
Com-	electrode	surface	Protective	Characteristics
bina-	layers	electrode	layer	to be
tion	242	layers 245	244	improved
12	Silver-	Silver-base	Resin-base	No variation in resis-
	base con-	conductive	material	tance value during manu-
	ductive	powder and	(hardened	facturing process, and
	powder	resin	at 200° C.)	small deviation in
	and glass	(hardened at		resistance value of pro-
	(calcined	200° C.)		ducts, due to low pro-
	at 850°			cessing temperature of
	C.)			protective layer 244.
13	Silver-	Nickel-base	Resin-base	Same characteristic as
	base con-	conductive	material	above combination 12,
	ductive	powder and	(hardened	with less manufacturing
	powder	resin	at 200° C.)	cost due to use of base
	and glass	(hardened at		metal for second upper
	(calcined	200° C.)		surface electrode layers.
	at 850°
	C.)
14	Gold-base	Silver-base	Glass-base	Improvement in loaded-
	conductive	conductive	material	life characteristic due to
	powder	powder and	(hardened	low ion migration.
	and glass	glass	at 600° C.)
	(calcined	(calcined at
	at 850°	600° C.)
	C.)
15	Gold-base	Silver-base	Resin-base	Both characteristics of
	conductive	conductive	material	above combinations 12
	powder	powder and	(hardened	and 14.
	and glass	resin	at 200° C.)
	(calcined	(hardened at
	at 850°	200° C.)
	C.)
16	Gold-base	Nickel-base	Resin-base	Both characteristics of
	conductive	conductive	material	above combinations 13
	powder	powder and	(hardened	and 14.
	and glass	resin	at 200° C.)
	(calcined	(hardened at
	at 850°	200° C.)
	C.)
17	Gold-base	Silver-base	Glass-base	Same characteristic as
	organic	conductive	material	above combination 14,
	metal	powder and	(hardened	and low cost due to
	compound	glass	at 600° C.)	reduction in amount of
	(calcined	(calcined at		gold used.
	at 850°	600° C.)
	C.)
18	Gold-base	Silver-base	Resin-base	Both characteristics of
	organic	conductive	material	above combinations 12
	metal	powder and	(hardened	and 17.
	compound	resin	at 200° C.)
	(calcined	(hardened at
	at 850°	200° C.)
	C.)
19	Gold-base	Nickel-base	Resin-base	Both characteristics of
	organic	conductive	material	above combinations 13
	metal	powder and	(hardened	and 17.
	compound	resin	at 200° C.)
	(calcined	(hardened at
	at 850°	200° C.)
	C.)

Thirteenth Exemplary Embodiment

A resistor of a thirteenth exemplary embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same will be described hereinafter by referring to accompanying figures.

FIG. 47 is a sectional view of a resistor of the thirteenth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

In FIG. 47 , a reference numeral 261 represents a substrate containing 96% of alumina. A reference numeral 262 represents first upper surface electrode layers composed of silver-base conductive powder containing glass, provided on side portions of a main surface of the substrate 261 . A reference numeral 263 represents a resistance layer having a chief component of ruthenium oxide, for electrically connecting with the first upper surface electrode layers 262 . A reference numeral 264 represents a protective layer having a chief component of glass, provided on an upper surface of the resistance layer 263 . A reference numeral 265 represents second upper surface electrode layers formed by means of sputtering gold-base material in positions on upper surfaces and portions of side surfaces of the first upper surface electrode layers 262 . A surface area of each of the second upper surface electrode layers 265 on the side surfaces of the substrate 261 is not more than a half of an area of the side surface of the substrate 261 . Ridges of the second upper surface electrode layers 265 are rounded. Reference numerals 266 and 267 respectively represent nickel-plated layers and solder-plated layers provided, as occasion demands, for a purpose of assuring reliability, etc. during soldering.

The resistor of the thirteenth exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed as above is manufactured in a manner, which will be described hereinafter by referring to the figures.

FIG. 48 and FIG. 49 represent a series of procedural views showing a manufacturing method of the resistor of the thirteenth exemplary embodiment of this invention.

First, electrode paste containing silver-base conductive powder and glass is printed to form first upper surface electrode layers 262 , as shown in FIG. 48 ( a ), in a manner not to cross over slitting grooves 269 made in a horizontal direction on a sheet-formed substrate 261 , which has a superior heat-resisting property and an insulating property as it contains 96% alumina, and a surface of which is provided with a plurality of slitting grooves 268 and 269 in a vertical direction as well as in a horizontal direction in order to separate it into rectangular strips and then into individual pieces in the subsequent steps.

Next, resistive paste having a principal component of ruthenium oxide is printed to form resistance layers 263 in a manner that they connect electrically with the first upper surface electrode layers 262 , as shown in FIG. 48 ( b ). The resistance layers 263 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 850° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Next, trimming is made to form trimmed slits 270 with a YAG laser, as shown in FIG. 48 ( c ) in order to correct resistance values of the resistance layers 263 to a predetermined value. The trimming is made with trimming probes for measuring a resistance value set on the first upper surface electrode layers 262 during this process.

Another paste having a principal component of glass is printed to form protective layers 264 , as shown in FIG. 49 ( a ), in order to protect the resistance layers 263 , of which resistance values have been corrected. For this process, a printing pattern may be made in such a shape that the protective layers 264 cross over the slitting grooves 268 of vertical direction to connectively cover a plurality of the horizontally aligned resistance layers 263 . The protective layers 264 are then calcined at a temperature of approximately 600° C. in order to make them become stable films.

Resist material composed of resin is coated over an entire upper surface of the substrate 261 , and openings having a film-forming pattern of the, desired second upper surface electrode layers 265 are made in the resist material by photo-lithographic method, as shown in FIG. 49 ( b ). Furthermore, gold is deposited in a form of film on the entire upper surface of the substrate 261 by sputtering method, and the resist material is then removed except for portions of the film-forming pattern for the desired second upper surface electrode layers 265 . These steps compose the second upper surface electrode layers 265 . During the above process, the second upper surface electrode layers 265 get into the slitting grooves 269 of horizontal direction, and thereby the second upper surface electrode layers 265 can be formed down deeply in the slitting grooves.

Generally, the slitting grooves 268 and 269 are so formed that their depth with respect to a thickness of the substrate 261 becomes equal to or less than a half of the thickness of the substrate 261 , so as to avoid it from being cracked during handling in the manufacturing process.

Then, the substrate 261 in a sheet-form, on which the first upper surface electrode layers 262 , the resistance layers 263 , the trimmed slits 270 , the protective layers 264 and the second upper surface electrode layers 265 are formed, is separated into rectangular substrate strips 271 by splitting it along the slitting grooves 269 of horizontal direction in the substrate 261 , as shown in FIG. 49 ( c ). When this is done, the previously formed second upper surface electrode layers 265 lie in their respective positions on the side surfaces along a longitudinal direction of the rectangular substrate strips 271 down to the depth of the slitting grooves 269 of horizontal direction.

As a preparatory process for plating exposed surfaces of the upper surface electrode layers 265 , the rectangular substrate strips 271 are finally separated into individual substrate pieces 272 by splitting them along the slitting grooves 268 of vertical direction, as shown in FIG. 49 ( d ). A resistor is now completed when a nickel-plated layer, as an intermediate layer (not shown in the figure), and a solder-plated layer, as an outer layer (not shown in the figure), are formed by means of electroplating on exposed surfaces of the second upper surface electrode layers 265 in order to prevent electrode-erosion during soldering and to assure reliability of the soldering.

The resistor of the thirteenth exemplary embodiment of this invention constructed and manufactured as above provides the same advantages as what has been described in the tenth exemplary embodiment, when it is soldered on a mount board, and therefore they will not be described.

In addition, other characteristics (specified in Table 13) can be improved in this thirteenth exemplary embodiment of the invention, if the first upper surface electrode layers 262 , the protective layer 264 and the second upper surface electrode layers 265 are constituted of combinations shown in Table 13.

TABLE 13
	First
	upper	Second
	surface	upper
Com-	electrode	surface	Protective	Characteristics
bina-	layers	electrode	layer	to be
tion	262	layers 265	264	improved
20	Silver-	Sputtered	Resin-base	No variation in resis-
	base con-	gold-base	material	tance value during manu-
	ductive	material	(hardened	facturing process, and
	powder	(heat-treated	at 200° C.)	small deviation in resis-
	and glass	at 200° C.)		tance value of products,
	(calcined			due to low processing
	at 850°			temperature of protective
	C.)			layer 264.
21	Silver-	Sputtered	Glass-base	Less manufacturing cost
	base con-	nickel-base	material	due to use of base metal
	ductive	material	(calcined	for second upper surface
	powder	(hardened at	at 600° C.)	electrode layers.
	and glass	200° C.)
	(calcined
	at 850°
	C.)
22	Gold-base	Sputtered	Glass-base	Improvement in loaded-
	conductive	gold-base	material	life characteristic due
	powder	material	(calcined	to low ion migration.
	and glass	(heat-treated	at 600° C.)
	(calcined	at 200° C.)
	at 850°
	C.)
23	Gold-base	Sputtered	Resin-base	Both characteristics of
	conductive	gold-base	material	above combinations 20
	powder	material	(hardened	and 22.
	and glass	(heat-treated	at 200° C.)
	(calcined	at 200° C.)
	at 850°
	C.)
24	Gold-base	Sputtered	Glass-base	Both characteristics of
	conductive	nickel-base	material	above combinations 21
	powder	material	(hardened	and 22.
	and glass	(heat-treated	at 200° C.)
	(calcined	at 200° C.)
	at 850°
	C.)
25	Gold-base	Sputtered	Resin-base	Both characteristics of
	conductive	nickel-base	material	above combinations 21,
	powder	material	(hardened	22 and 20.
	and glass	(heat-treated	at 200° C.)
	(calcined	at 200° C.)
	at 850°
	C.)
26	Gold-base	Sputtered	Glass-base	Same characteristic as
	organic	gold-base	material	above combination 22,
	metal	material	(calcined	and low manufacturing
	compound	(heat-treated	at 600° C.)	cost due to reduction in
	(calcined	at 200° C.)		amount of gold used.
	at 850°
	C.)
27	Gold-base	Sputtered	Resin-base	Same characteristic as
	organic	gold-base	material	above combination 23,
	metal	material	(hardened	and low manufacturing
	compound	(heat-treated	at 200° C.)	cost due to reduction in
	(calcined	at 200° C.)		amount of gold used.
	at 850°
	C.)
28	Gold-base	Sputtered	Glass-base	Same characteristic as
	organic	gold-base	material	above combination 24,
	metal	material	(hardened	and low manufacturing
	compound	(heat-treated	at 200° C.)	cost due to reduction in
	(calcined	at 200° C.)		amount of gold used.
	at 850°
	C.)
29	Gold-base	Sputtered	Resin-base	Same characteristic as
	organic	nickel-base	material	above combination 25,
	metal	material	(hardened	and low manufacturing
	compound	(heat-treated	at 200° C.)	cost due to reduction in
	(calcined	at 200° C.)		amount of gold used.
	at 850°
	C.)

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

As has been described, a resistor of the present invention comprises: a substrate; a pair of first upper surface electrode layers provided on side portions of an upper surface toward portions of side surfaces of the substrate; a pair of second upper surface electrode layers provided in a manner to make electrical connections with the first upper surface electrode layers; a resistance layer provided in a manner to make electrical connections with the second upper surface electrode layers; and a protective layer provided to cover at least an upper surface of the resistance layer. The above-described structure provides the resistor with side surface electrodes having a small surface area, since the pair of first upper surface electrode layers are disposed on side portions of the upper surface toward portions of the side surfaces of the substrate. Because the resistor is soldered with the side surface electrodes of the small area, it can reduce an area required to form fillets of soldering, when it is soldered on a mount board. Accordingly, the resistor is able to reduce an actual mount area, including soldering portions, on the mount board.

Claims

1. A discrete resistor comprising:a substrate having an upper surface, side surfaces and a bottom surface, said side surfaces each having a length from said upper surface to said bottom surface; a pair of electrodes including respective electrode Sayers, each being disposed on and in contact with respective opposite end portions of said upper surface of said substrate and on respective portions of said side surfaces of said substrate, said portion being limited to no more than half the length of said side surfaces from said upper surface; further respective conductive layers outside of said electrode layers along said respective portions of said side surfaces of said substrate, at least half the length of said side surfaces from said bottom surface being free of any conductive layers; a resistor layer disposed on said upper surface of said substrate, said resistor layer electrically connected to each of said pair of electrodes; and a protective layer covering at least an upper surface of said resistor layer.

2. The resistor of claim 1, wherein said pair of electrodes includes a first electrode and a second electrode,said first electrode and second electrode being electrically connected, said first electrode being disposed on an upper surface of said substrate, said second electrode being disposed on said first electrode and on a portion of said side surface of said substrate, said portion being no more than half the length of said side surface from said upper surface, and said resistor layer being electrically connected to said first electrode.

3. The resistor of claim 1, wherein said pair of electrodes includes a first electrode and a second electrode,said first electrode and second electrode being electrically connected, said first electrode being disposed on an end portion of said upper surface and a portion of said side surface of said substrate, said portion being no more than half the length of said side surface from said upper surface, said second electrode being disposed on said first electrode, and said resistor layer being electrically connected to said second electrode.

4. The resistor of claim 1, wherein each of said pair of electrodes includes a first electrode and a second electrode,said first electrode and second electrode being electrically connected, said first electrode being disposed on an upper surface and a portion of said side surface of said substrate, said portion being no more than half the length of said side surface from said upper surface, said second electrode being disposed on an upper surface of said first electrode, and said resistor layer being electrically connected to said first electrode.

5. The resistor of claim 2, further comprising a third electrode disposed on said second electrode and electrically connected to said second electrode.

6. The resistor of claim 3, further comprising a third electrode disposed on said second electrode and electrically connected to said second electrode.

7. The resistor of claim 1, wherein each of said pair of electrodes includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a third electrode,said first electrode, second electrode and third electrode being electrically connected, said first electrode being disposed on and in contact with an upper surface of said substrate, said second electrode being disposed on said first electrode, said third electrode being disposed on said second electrode and a portion of side surface of said substrate, said portion being no more than half the length of said side surface from said upper surface, and said resistor layer being electrically connected to said first electrode.

8. The resistor of claim 1, further comprising a metal plated layer covering each of said pair of electrodes, said plated layer being formed on the same plane with, or greater in height than said protective layer.

9. The resistor of claim 2, further comprising a metal plated layer covering each of said pair of electrodes, said plated layer being formed on the same plane with, or greater in height than said protective layer.

10. The resistor of claim 3, further comprising a metal plated layer covering each of said pair of electrodes, said plated layer being formed on the same plane with, or greater in height than said protective layer.

11. The resistor of claim 4, further comprising a metal plated layer covering each of said pair of electrodes, said plated layer being formed on the same plane with, or greater in height than said protective layer.

12. The resistor,of claim 5, further comprising a metal plated layer covering each of said pair of electrodes, said plated layer being formed on the same plane with or greater in height than said protective layer.

13. The resistor of claim 6, further comprising a metal plated layer covering each of said pair of electrodes, said plated layer being formed on the same plane with, or greater in height than said protective layer.

14. The resistor of claim 7, further comprising a metal plated layer covering each of said pair of electrodes, said plated layer being formed on the same plane with, or greater in height than said protective layer.

15. The resistor of any claim 2, wherein said first electrode is one of gold base thin film and nickel base thin film.

16. The resistor of any claim 3, wherein said first electrode is one of gold base thin film and nickel base thin film.

17. The resistor of any claim 4, wherein said first electrode is one of gold base thin film and nickel base thin film.

18. The resistor of any claim 5, wherein said first electrode is one of gold base thin film and nickel base thin film.

19. The resistor of any claim 6, wherein said first electrode is one of gold base thin film and nickel base thin film.

20. The resistor of any claim 7, wherein said first electrode is one of gold base thin film and nickel base thin film.

21. A discrete resistor according to claim 1, wherein said pair of electrodes are one-piece.