Retroviral protease inhibitors

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to retroviral protease inhibitors and, more particularly, relates to novel compounds and a composition and method for inhibiting retroviral proteases. This invention, in particular, relates to hydroxyethylamine protease inhibitor compounds, a composition and method for inhibiting retroviral proteases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease and for treatment, such as prophylactic treatment or of a retroviral infection, e.g., an HIV infection. The subject invention also relates to processes for making such compounds as well as to intermediates useful in such processes.
2. Related Art
During the replication cycle of retroviruses, gag and gag-pol gene products are translated as proteins. These proteins are subsequently processed by a virally encoded protease (or proteinase) to yield viral enzymes and structural proteins of the virus core. Most commonly, the gag precursor proteins are processed into the core proteins and the pol precursor proteins are processed into the viral enzymes, e.g., reverse transcriptase and retroviral protease. It has been shown that correct processing of the precursor proteins by the retroviral protease is necessary for assembly of infectious virons. For example, it has been shown that frameshift mutations in the protease region of the pol gene of HIV prevents processing of the gag precursor protein. It has also been shown through site-directed mutagenesis of an aspartic acid residue in the HIV protease that processing of the gag precursor protein is prevented. Thus, attempts have been made to inhibit viral replication by inhibiting the action of retroviral proteases.
Retroviral protease inhibition typically involves a transition-state mimetic whereby the retroviral protease is exposed to a mimetic compound which binds (typically in a reversible manner) to the enzyme in competition with the gag and gag-pol proteins to thereby inhibit replication of structural proteins and, more importantly, the retroviral protease itself. In this manner, retroviral replication proteases can be effectively inhibited.
Several classes of mimetic compounds have been proposed, particularly for inhibition of proteases, such as for inhibition of HIV protease. Such mimetics include hydroxyethylamine isosteres and reduced amide isosteres. See, for example, EP 0 346 847; EP 0 342,541; Roberts et al, "Rational Design of Peptide-Based Proteinase Inhibitors, "Science, 248, 358 (1990); and Erickson et al, "Design Activity, and 2.8 .ANG. Crystal Structure of a C.sub.2 Symmetric Inhibitor Complexed to HIV-1 Protease," Science, 249, 527 (1990).
Several classes of mimetic compounds are known to be useful as inhibitors of the proteolytic enzyme renin. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,599,198; U.K. 2,184,730; G.B. 2,209,752; EP 0 264 795; G.B. 2,200,115 and U.S. SIR H725. However, it is known that, although renin and HIV proteases are both classified as aspartyl proteases, compounds which are effective renin inhibitors generally cannot be predicted to be effective HIV protease inhibitors.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to virus inhibiting compounds and compositions. More particularly, the present invention is directed to retroviral protease inhibiting compounds and compositions, to a method of inhibiting retroviral proteases, to processes for preparing the compounds and to intermediates useful in such processes.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a retroviral protease inhibiting compound of the formula: ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug or ester thereof wherein:
A represents radicals represented by the formulas: ##STR2## wherein R represents hydrogen, alkoxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonylalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl, cycloalkylalkanoyl, alkanoyl, aralkanoyl, aroyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aryloxyalkanoyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkanoyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heteroaralkanoyl, heteroaralkoxycarbonyl, heteroaryloxycarbonyl, heteroaroyl, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkanoyl, aminocarbonyl, and mono- and disubstituted aminoalkanoyl and mono- and disubstituted aminocarbonyl radicals wherein the substituents are selected from alkyl, aryl, arolkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyalkyl radicals, or in the case of a disubstituted aminoalkanoyl, said substitutents along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attched form a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl radical;
R' represents hydrogen and radicals as defined for R.sup.3 or R and
R' together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl radical or when A is A1, R' represents hydrogen and aminocarbonyl radicals as defined for R.sup.3 and aralkoxycarbonylalkyl and aminocarbonylalkyl and aminocarbonyl radicals wherein said amino group may be mono- or disubstituted with substitutents selected from alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylclkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, hetercycloalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl radicals;
t represents either 0 or 1;
R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, --CH.sub.2 SO.sub.2 NH.sub.2, --CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3, --CONH.sub.2, --CONHCH.sub.3, --CON(CH.sub.3).sub.2, --CH.sub.2 CONHCH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 CON(CH.sub.3).sub.2, --(CH.sub.3).sub.2 (SCH.sub.3), --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 (S O!CH.sub.3), --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 (S O!.sub.2 CH.sub.3), alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and cycloalkyl radicals and amino acid side chains selected from asparagine, S-methyl cysteine and the corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives thereof, glycine, leucine, isoleucine, allo-isoleucine, tert-leucine, phenylalanine, ornithine, alanine, histidine, norleucine, glutamine, valine, threonine, serine, aspartic acid, beta-cyano-alanine and allo-threonine side chains;
R.sup.1' and R.sup.1" independently represent hydrogen and radicals as defined for R.sup.1, or one of R.sup.1' and R.sup.1", together with R.sup.1 and the carbon atoms to which they are attached, represent a cycloalkyl radical;
R.sup.2 represents alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and aralkyl radicals, which radicals are optionally substituted with a group selected from --OR.sup.9, --SR.sup.9, --NO.sub.2 and halogen radicals, wherein R.sup.9 represents hydrogen and alkyl radicals;
R.sup.3 represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, aminoalkyl and mono- and disubstituted aminoalkyl radicals, wherein said substituents are selected from alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkylalkyl radicals, or in the case of a disubstituted aminoalkyl radical, said substituents along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a heterocycloalkyl or a heteroaryl radical;
X represents O and C(R.sup.17) where R.sup.17 represents hydrogen and and alkyl radicals;
X' represents O, N and C(R.sup.17); provided that when X and/or X' is absent, R.sup.5 and/or R.sup.34 are absent;
Y, Y', and Y" independently represent O, S and NR.sup.15 wherein R.sup.15 represents radicals as defined for R.sup.3 ;
R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently represent hydrogen and radicals as defined by R.sup.3, or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded represent cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl and aryl radicals;
R.sup.6 represents hydrogen and alkyl radicals;
R.sup.20, R.sup.21, R.sup.30, R.sup.31 and R.sup.32 represent radicals as defined for R.sup.1, or one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.30 together with one of R.sup.31 and R.sup.32 and the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl radical; and
R.sup.33 and R.sup.34 independently represent hydrogen and radicals as defined for R.sup.3, or R.sup.33 and R.sup.34 together with X' represent cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl radicals.
A preferred class of retroviral inhibitor compounds of the present invention are those represented by the formula: ##STR3## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug or ester thereof, preferably wherein the stereochemistry about the hydroxy group is designated as (R); wherein
R represents hydrogen, alkoxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonylalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl, cycloalkylalkanoyl, alkanoyl, aralkanoyl, aroyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aryloxyalkanoyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, heteroaralkanoyl, heterocyclylalkanoyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, heteroaralkoxycarbonyl, hetroaryloxycarbonyl, heteroaroyl, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkanoyl, aminocarbonyl and mono- and disubstituted aminoalkanoyl and mono- and disubstituted aminocarbonyl radicals wherein the substituents are selected from alkyl, aryl, arolkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyalkyl radicals, or in the case of a disubstituted aminoalkanoyl, said substitutents along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attched form a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl radical;
R' represents hydrogen and radicals as defined for R.sup.3 or R and R' together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl radical, or when A is A1, R' represents hydrogen and radicals as defined for R.sup.3 and aralkoxycarbonylalkyl and aminocarbonylalkyl radicals wherein said amino group may be mono- or disubstituted with substitutents selected from alkyl, aryl, atalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylclkyl, heteraryl, heteroaralkyl, hetercycloalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl radicals;
R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, --CH.sub.2 SO.sub.2 NH.sub.2, --CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3, --CONH.sub.2, --CONHCH.sub.3, CON(CH.sub.3).sub.2, --CH.sub.2 CONHCH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 CON(CH.sub.3).sub.2, C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 (SCH.sub.3), C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 (S O!CH.sub.3), C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 (S O!.sub.2 CH.sub.3), alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and cycloalkyl radicals and amino acid side chains selected from asparagine, S-methyl cysteine and the corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives thereof, glycine, leucine, isoleucine, allo-isoleucine, tert-leucine, phenylalanine, ornithine, alanine, histidine, norleucine, glutamine, valine, threonine, serine, aspartic acid, beta-cyano-alanine and allo-threonine side chains;
R.sup.1' and R.sup.1" independently represent hydrogen and radicals as defined for R.sup.1, or one of R.sup.1' and R.sup.1", together with R.sup.1 and the carbon atoms to which they are attached, represent a cycloalkyl radical;
R.sup.2 represents alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and aralkyl radicals, which radicals are optionally substituted with a group selected from alkyl radicals, --NO.sub.2, OR.sup.9 and SR.sup.9 wherein R.sup.9 represents hydrogen and alkyl radicals, and halogen radicals;
R.sup.3 represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, aminoalkyl and mono- and disubstituted aminoalkyl radicals, wherein said substituents are selected from alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkylalkyl radicals, or in the case of a disubstituted aminoalkyl radical, said substituents along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a heterocycloalkyl or a heteroaryl radical;
R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently represent hydrogen and radicals as defined by R.sup.3, or together with a carbon atom to which they are bonded represent cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl and aryl radicals;
t represents 0 or 1;
X represents O and C (R.sup.17) wherein R.sup.17 represents hydrogen and alkyl radicals; provided that when X is O, R.sup.5 is absent; and
Y and Y' independently represent O, S, and NR.sup.15 wherein R.sup.15 represents radicals as defined for R.sup.3. Preferably, Y and Y' represent O.
Preferably, R.sup.3 represents radicals as defined above which contain no .alpha.-branching, e.g., as in an isopropyl radical or a t-butyl radical. The preferred radicals are those which contain a --CH.sub.2 -- moiety between the nitrogen and the remaining portion of the radical. Such preferred groups include, but are not limited to, benzyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, isoamyl, cyclohexylmethyl and the like.
Another preferred class of compounds are those represented by the formula: ##STR4## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug or ester thereof wherein t, X, Y, Y', R', R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.20 and R.sup.21 are as defined above.
Yet another preferred class of compounds are those represented by the formula: ##STR5## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug or ester thereof wherein t, X, X', Y, Y', Y", R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.30, R.sup.31, R.sup.32, R.sup.33 and R.sup.34 are as defined above.
As utilized herein, the term "alkyl", alone or in combination, means a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 10, preferably from 1 to about 8, carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, iso-amyl, hexyl, octyl and the like. The term "alkenyl", alone or in combination, means a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon radial having one or more double bonds and containing from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms preferably from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable alkenyl radicals include ethenyl, propenyl, allyl, 1,4-butadienyl and the like. The term alkynyl, alone or in combination, means a straight-chain hydrocarbon radical having one or more triple bonds and containing from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms. Examples of alkynyl radicals include ethynyl, propynyl (propargyl), butynyl and the like. The term "alkoxy", alone or in combination, means an alkyl ether radical wherein the term alkyl is as defined above. Examples of suitable alkyl ether radicals include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy and the like. The term "cycloalkyl" means an alkyl radical which contains from about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms and is cyclic. The term "cycloalkylalkyl" means an alkyl radical as defined above which is substituted by a cycloalkyl radical containing from about 3 to about 8, preferably from about 3 to about 6, carbon atoms. Examples of such cycloalkyl radicals include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like. The term "aryl", alone or in combination, means a phenyl or naphthyl radical which optionally carries one or more substituents selected from alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, amino and the like, such as phenyl, p-tolyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-(tert-butoxy)phenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, and the like. The term "aralkyl", alone or in combination, means an alkyl radical as defined above in which one hydrogen atom is replaced by an aryl radical as defined above, such as benzyl, 2-phenylethyl and the like. The term "aralkoxy carbonyl", alone or in combination, means a radical of the formula --C(O)--O-aralkyl in which the term "aralkyl" has the significance given above. An example of an aralkoxycarbonyl radical is benzyloxycarbonyl. The term "aryloxy" means a radical of the formula aryl-O in which the term aryl has the significance given above. The term "alkanoyl", alone or in combination, means an acyl radical derived from an alkanecarboxylic acid, examples of which include acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, valeryl, 4-methylvaleryl, and the like. The term "cycloalkylcarbonyl" means an acyl group derived from a monocyclic or bridged cycloalkanecarboxylic acid such as cyclopropanecarbonyl, cyclohexanecarbonyl, adamantanecarbonyl, and the like, or from a benz-fused monocyclic cycloalkanecarboxylic acid which is optionally substituted by, for example, alkanoylamino, such as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthoyl,2-acetamido-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthoyl. The term "aralkanoyl" means an acyl radical derived from an aryl-substituted alkanecarboxylic acid such as phenylacetyl, 3-phenylpropionyl (hydrocinnamoyl), 4-phenylbutyryl, (2-naphthyl)acetyl, 4-chlorohydrocinnamoyl, 4 -aminohydrocinnamoyl, 4-methoxyhydrocinnamoyl, and the like. The term "aroyl" means an acyl radical derived from an aromatic carboxylic acid. Examples of such radicals include aromatic carboxylic acids, an optionally substituted benzoic or naphthoic acid such as benzoyl, 4-chlorobenzoyl, 4-=carboxybenzoyl, 4-(benzyloxycarbonyl)benzoyl, 1-naphthoyl, 2-naphthoyl, 6-carboxy-2 naphthoyl, 6-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-2-naphthoyl, 3-benzyloxy-2-naphthoyl, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoyl, 3-(benzyloxyformamido)-2-naphthoyl, and the like. The heterocyclyl or heterocycloalkyl portion of a heterocyclylcarbonyl, heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl, or heterocyclylalkyl group or the like is a saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic heterocycle which contains one or more hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur, which is optionally substituted on one or more carbon atoms by halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, oxo, and the like, and/or on a secondary nitrogen atom (i.e., --NH--) by alkyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, phenyl or phenylalkyl or on a tertiary nitrogen atom (i.e. =N-) by oxido and which is attached via a carbon atom. The heteroaryl portion of a heteroaroyl, heteroaryloxycarbonyl, or a heteroaralkoxy carbonyl group or the like is an aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic heterocycle which contains the hetero atoms and is optionally substituted as defined above with respect to the definition of heterocyclyl. Examples of such heterocyclyl and heteroaryl groups are pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl (e.g., imidazol 4-yl, 1-benzyloxycarbonylimidazol-4-yl, etc.), pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, furyl, thienyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, indolyl (e.g., 2-indolyl, etc.), quinolinyl, (e.g., 2-quinolinyl, 3-quinolinyl, 1-oxido-2-quinolinyl, etc.), isoquinolinyl (e.g., 1-isoquinolinyl, 3-isoquinolinyl, etc.), tetrahydroquinolinyl (e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-quinolyl, etc.), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl (e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-oxo-isoquinolinyl, etc.), quinoxalinyl, .beta.-carbolinyl, benzofurancarbonyl, benzimidazolyl radicals and the like. The term "cycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl" means an acyl group derived from a cycloalkylalkoxycarboxylic acid of the formula cycloalkylalkyl-O--COOH wherein cycloalkylalkyl has the significance given above. The term "aryloxyalkanoyl" means an acyl radical of the formula aryl-O-alkanoyl wherein aryl and alkanoyl have the significance given above. The term "heterocyclyloxycarbonyl" means an acyl group derived from heterocyclyl-O--COOH wherein heterocyclyl is as defined above. The term "heterocyclyl alkanoyl" is an acyl radical derived from a heterocyclyl-substituted alkane carboxylic acid wherein heterocyclyl has the significance given above. The term "heterocyclylalkoxycarbonyl" means an acyl radical derived from a heterocyclyl-substituted alkane-O--COOH wherein heterocyclyl has the significance given above. The term "heteroaryloxycarbonyl" means an acyl radical derived from a carboxylic acid represented by heteroaryl-O--COOH wherein heteroaryl has the significance given above. The term "aminocarbonyl" alone or in combination, means an amino-substituted carbonyl (carbamoyl) group derived from an amino-substituted carboxylic acid wherein the amino group can be a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group containing substituents selected from hydrogen, and alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl radicals and the like. The term "aminoalkanoyl" means an acyl group derived from an amino-substituted alkanecarboxylic acid wherein the amino group can be a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group containing substituents selected from hydrogen, and alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl radicals and the like. The term "haloalkyl" means an alkyl radical having the significance as defined above wherein one or more hydrogens are replaced with a halogen. Examples of such haloalkyl radicals include chloromethyl, 1-bromoethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl and the like. The term "halogen" means fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. The term "leaving group" generally refers to groups readily displaceable by a nucleophile, such as an amine, a thiol or an alcohol nucleophile. Such leaving groups are well known and include carboxylates, N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxybenzotriazole, halides, triflates, tosylates --OR and --SR and the like. Preferred leaving groups are indicated herein where appropriate.
Procedures for preparing the compounds of Formula I are set forth below. It should be noted that the general procedure is shown as it relates to preparation of compounds having the specified stereochemistry, for example, wherein the stereochemistry about the hydroxyl group is designated as (R). However, such procedures are generally applicable, as illustrated, to those compounds of opposite configuration, e.g., where the stereochemistry about the hydroxyl group is (S).
Preparation of Compounds of Formula II
The compounds of the present invention represented by Formula II above can be prepared utilizing the following general procedure. An N-protected chloroketone derivative of an amino acid having the formula: ##STR6## wherein P represents an amino protecting group, and R.sup.2 is as defined above, is reduced to the corresponding alcohol utilizing an appropriate reducing agent. Suitable amino protecting groups are well known in the art and include carbobenzoxy, butyryl, t-butoxycarbonyl, acetyl, benzoyl and the like. A preferred amino protecting group is carbobenzoxy. A preferred N-protected chloroketone is N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone. A preferred reducing agent is sodium borohydride. The reduction reaction is conducted at a temperature of from -10.degree. C. to about 25.degree. C., preferably at about 0.degree. C., in a suitable solvent system such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, and the like. The N-protected chloroketones are commercially available from Bachem, Inc., Torrance, Calif. Alternatively, the chloroketones can be prepared by the procedure set forth in S. J. Fittkau, J. Prakt. Chem., 315, 1037 (1973), and subsequently N-protected utilizing procedures which are well known in the art.
The resulting alcohol is then reacted, preferably at room temperature, with a suitable base in a suitable solvent system to produce an N-protected amino epoxide of the formula: ##STR7## wherein P and R.sup.2 are as defined above. Suitable solvent systems for preparing the amino epoxide include ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, and the like including mixtures thereof. Suitable bases for producing the epoxide from the reduced chloroketone include potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium t-butoxide, DBU and the like. A preferred base is potassium hydroxide.
Alternatively, a protected amino epoxide can be prepared starting with an L-amino acid which is reacted with a suitable amino-protecting group in a suitable solvent to produce an amino-protected L-amino acid ester of the formula: ##STR8## wherein P, p.sup.1 and p.sup.2 independently represent hydrogen and amino-protecting groups as defined above with respect to P, provided that p.sup.1 and p.sup.2 are not both hydrogen; and R.sup.2 is as defined above.
The amino-protected L-amino acid ester is then reduced, to the corresponding alcohol. For example, the amino-protected L-amino acid ester can be reduced with diisobutylaluminum hydride at -78.degree. C. in a suitable solvent such as toluene. The resulting alcohol is then converted, by way of a Swern Oxidation, to the corresponding aldehyde of the formula: ##STR9## wherein p.sup.1, p.sup.2 and R.sup.2 are as defined above Thus, a dichloromethane solution of the alcohol is added to a cooled (-75.degree. to -68.degree. C.) solution of oxalyl chloride in dichloromethane and DMSO in dichloromethane and stirred for 35 minutes.
The aldehyde resulting from the Swern Oxidation is then reacted with a halomethyllithium reagent, which reagent is generated in situ by reacting an alkyllithium or arylithium compound with a dihalomethane represented by the formula X.sup.1 CH.sub.2 X.sup.2 wherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 independently represent I, Br or Cl. For example, a solution of the aldehyde and chloroiodomethane in THF is cooled to -78.degree. C. and a solution of n-butyllithium in hexane is added. The resulting product is a mixture of diastereomers of the corresponding amino-protected epoxides of the formulas: ##STR10## The diastereomers can be separated by chromatography or, alternatively, once reacted in subsequent steps the diastereomeric products can be separated.
The amino epoxide is then reacted, in a suitable solvent system, with an equal amount, or preferably an excess of, a desired amine of the formula:
R.sup.3 NH.sub.2
wherein R.sup.3 is hydrogen or is as defined above. The reaction can be conducted over a wide range of temperatures, e.g., from about 10.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C., but is preferably, but not necessarily, conducted at a temperature at which the solvent begins to reflux. Suitable solvent systems include those wherein the solvent is an alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and the like, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and the like, and toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and mixtures thereof. A preferred solvent is isopropanol. Exemplary amines corresponding to the formula R.sup.3 NH.sub.2 include benzyl amine, isobutylamine, n-butyl amine, isopentyl amine, isoamylamine, cyclohexanemethyl amine, naphthylene methyl amine and the like. The resulting product is a 3-(N-protected amino)-3-(R.sup.2)-1-(NHR.sup.3)-propan-2-ol derivative (hereinafter referred to as an amino alcohol) can be represented by the formula: ##STR11## wherein P, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as described above.
Where X is either O or C, the appropriate analogs can be prepared by reacting the above described amino alcohol with an acid chloride or anhydride to form the analog wherein X is C, or with a chloroformate or pyrocarbonate where X is O. Procedures for reacting these compounds with an amine are well known in the art. Examples of such compounds include t-butylacetyl chloride, acetic anhydride, t-butyl pyrocarbonate, and N-butyl chloroformate. These analogs can be represented by the formulas: ##STR12##
The derivative of the amino alcohol and the corresponding sulfur analog can be represented by the formula: ##STR13##
Following preparation of such derivatives, the amino protecting group P is removed under conditions which will not affect the remaining portion of the molecule. These methods are well known in the art and include acid hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis and the like. A preferred method involves removal of the protecting group, e.g., removal of a carbobenzoxy group, by hydrogenolysis utilizing palladium on carbon in a suitable solvent system such as an alcohol, acetic acid, and the like or mixtures thereof. Where the protecting group is a t-butoxycarbonyl group, it cab be removed utilizing an inorganic or organic acid, e.g., HCl or trifluoroacetic acid, in a suitable solvent system, e.g., dioxane or methylene chloride. The resulting produce is the amine salt derivative. Following neutralization of the salt, the amine is then reacted with an amino acid or corresponding derivative thereof represented by the formula (PN CR.sup.1 'R.sup. "!.sub.t CH(R.sup.1)COOH) wherein t, R.sup.1, R.sup.1' and R.sup.1" are as defined above, to produce the antiviral compounds of the present invention having the formula: ##STR14## wherein t, X, P, R.sup.1, R.sup.1', R.sup.1", R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and Y are as defined above. Preferred protecting groups in this instance are a benzyloxycarbonyl group or a t-butoxycarbonyl group. Where the amine is reacted with a derivative of an amino acid, e.g., when t=1 and R.sup.1' and R.sup.1" are both H, so that the amino acid is a .beta.-amino acid, such .beta.-amino acids can be prepared according to the procedure set forth in a copending application, U.S. Ser. No. 07/345,808. Where t is 1, one of R.sup.1' and R.sup.1" is H and R.sup.1 is hydrogen so that the amino acid is a homo-.beta.-amino acid, such homo-.beta.-amino acids can be prepared by the procedure set forth in a copending application, U.S. Ser. No. 07/853,561. Where t is O and R.sup.1 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, --CH.sub.2 SO.sub.2 NH.sub.2 or an amino acid side chain, such materials are well known and many are commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich.
The N-protecting group can be subsequently removed, if desired, utilizing the procedures described above, and then reacted with a carboxylate represented by the formula: ##STR15## wherein R is as defined above and L is an appropriate leaving group such as a halide. Preferably, where R.sup.1 is a side chain of a naturally occurring .alpha.-amino acid, R is a 2-quinoline group derived from N-hydroxysuccinimide-2-quinoline carboxylate, i.e., L is hydroxy succinimide. A solution of the free amine (or amine acetate salt) and about 1.0 equivalent of the carboxylate are mixed in an appropriate solvent system and optionally treated with up to five equivalents of a base such as, for example, N-methylmorpholine, at about room temperature. Appropriate solvent systems include tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride or N,N-dimethylformamide, and the like, including mixtures thereof.
Preparation of Compounds of Formula III
A mercaptan of the formula R'SH is reacted with a substituted methacrylate of the formula: ##STR16## by way of a Michael Addition. The Michael Addition is conducted in a suitable solvent and in the presence of a suitable base, to produce the corresponding thiol derivative represented by the formula: ##STR17## wherein R' and R.sup.1 represent radicals defined above; R.sup.20 and R.sup.21 represent hydrogen and radicals as defined for R.sup.1 ; and R.sup.22 represents radicals as defined by R.sup.3. Suitable solvents in which the Michael Addition can be conducted include alcohols such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, butanol and the like, as well as ethers, e.g., THF, and acetonitrile, DMF, DMSO, and the like, including mixtures thereof. Suitable bases include Group I metal alkoxides such as, for example sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium butoxide and the like as well as Group I metal hydrides, such as sodium hydride, including mixtures thereof.
The thiol derivative is converted into the corresponding sulfone of the formula: ##STR18## by oxidizing the thiol derivative with a suitable oxidation agent in a suitable solvent. Suitable oxidation agents include, for example, hydrogen peroxide, sodium meta-perborate, oxone (potassium peroxy monosulfate), meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, and the like, including mixtures thereof. Suitable solvents include acetic acid (for sodium meta-perborate) and, for other peracids, ethers such as THF and dioxane, and acetonitrile, DMF and the like, including mixtures thereof.
The sulfone is then converted to the corresponding free acid of the formula: ##STR19## utilizing a suitable base, e.g., lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and the like, including mixtures thereof, in a suitable solvent, such as, for example, THF, acetonitrile, DMF, DMSO, methylene chloride and the like, including mixtures thereof.
The free acid is then coupled, utilizing, as described above, procedures well known in the art, to the urea derivative, or analog thereof, of an amino alcohol which is described above for the preparation of compounds of Formula II. The resulting product is a compound represented Formula III.
Alternatively, one can couple the urea isostere to the commercially available acid, ##STR20## remove the thioacetyl group with a suitable base, such as hydroxide, or an amine, such as ammonia, and then react the resulting thiol with an alkylating agent, such as an alkyl halide, tosylate or mesylate to afford compounds at the following structure: ##STR21##
The sulfur can then be oxidized to the corresponding sulfone using suitable oxidizing agents, as described above, to afford the desired compounds of the following structure: ##STR22## Alternatively, to prepare compounds of Formula III, a substituted methacrylate of the formula: ##STR23## wherein L represents a leaving group as previously defined, R.sup.35 and R.sup.36 represent hydrogen and radicals as defined for R.sup.1 ; and R.sup.37 represents alkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkylalkyl radicals, is reacted with a suitable sulfonating agent, such as, for example, a sulfinic acid represented by the formula R'SO.sub.2 M, wherein R' represents radicals as defined above and M represents a metal adapted to form a salt of the acid, e.g., sodium, to produce the corresponding sulfone represented by the formula: ##STR24## wherein R', R.sup.35, R.sup.36 and R.sup.37 are as defined above. The sulfone is then hydrolyzed in the presence of a suitable base, such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and the like, to the compound represented by the formula: ##STR25## wherein R', R.sup.35 and R.sup.36 represent radicals as defined above. The resulting compound is then asymmetrically hydrogenated utilizing an asymmetric hydrogenation catalyst such as, for example, a ruthenium-BINAP complex, to produce the reduced product, substantially enriched in the more active isomer, represented by the formula: ##STR26## wherein R', R.sup.35 and R.sup.36 represent radicals as defined above. Where the more active isomer has the R-stereochemistry, a Ru(R-BINAP) asymmetric hydrogenation catalyst can be utilized. Conversely, where the more active isomer has the S-sterochemistry, a Ru(S-BINAP) catalyst can be utilized. Where both isomers are active, or where it is desired to have a mixture of the two diastereomers, a hydrogenation catalyst such as platinum, or palladium, on carbon can be utilized to reduce the above compound. The reduced compound is then coupled to the amino alcohol derivatives, as described above, to produce compounds of Formula III.
Preparation of Compounds of Formula IV
To produce compounds of Formula IV, starting with a lactate of the formula: ##STR27## wherein P" represents alkyl radicals, such as, for example, ethyl, methyl, benzyl and the like. The hydroxyl group of the lactate is protected as its ketal by reaction in a suitable solvent system with methyl isopropenyl ether (1,2-methoxypropene) in the presence of a suitable acid. Suitable solvent systems include methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran and the like as well as mixtures thereof. Suitable acids include POCl.sub.3 and the like. It should be noted that well-known groups other than methyl isopropenyl ether can be utilized to form the ketal. The ketal is then reduced with diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL) at -78.degree. C. to produce the corresponding aldehyde which is then treated with ethylidene triphenylphosphorane (Wittig reaction) to produce a compound represented by the formula: ##STR28##
The ketal protecting group is then removed utilizing procedures well-known in the art such as by mild acid hydrolysis. The resulting compound is then esterified with isobutyryl chloride to produce a compound of the formula: ##STR29##
This compound is then treated with lithium diisopropyl amide at -78.degree. C. followed by warming of the reaction mixture to room temperature to effect a Claisen rearrangement ( 3,3!) to produce the corresponding acid represented by the formula: ##STR30##
Treatment of the acid with benzyl bromide in the presence of a tertiary amine base, e.g., DBU, produces the corresponding ester which is then cleaved oxidatively to give a trisubstituted succinic acid: ##STR31##
The trisubstituted succinic acid is then coupled to the urea isostere as described above. To produce the free acid, the benzyl ester is removed by hydrogenolysis to produce the corresponding acid. The acid can then be converted to the primary amide by methods well-known in the art.
An alternative method for preparing trisubstituted succinic acids involves reacting an ester of acetoacetic acid represented by the formula: ##STR32## where R is a suitable protecting group, such as methyl, ethyl, benzyl or t-butyl with sodium hydride and a hydrocarbyl halide (R.sup.31 X or R.sup.32 X) in a suitable solvent, e.g., THF, to produce the corresponding disubstituted derivative represented by the formula: ##STR33##
This disubstituted acetoacetic acid derivative is then treated with lithium diisopropyl amide at about -10.degree. C. and in the presence of PhN(triflate).sub.2 to produce a vinyl triflate of the formula: ##STR34##
The vinyl triflate is then carbonylated utilizing a palladium catalyst, e.g. , Pd.sub.2 (OAc)(Ph.sub.3)P, in the presence of an alcohol (R"OH) or water (R"=H) and a base, e.g., triethylamine, in a suitable solvent such as DMF, to produce the olefinic ester or acid of the formula: ##STR35##
The olefin can then be subsequently asymmetrically hydrogenated, as described above, to produce a trisubstituted succinic acid derivative of the formula: ##STR36##
If R" is not H, the ester group can be removed either by hydrolysis, acidolysis, or hydrogenolysis, and the corresponding acid is then coupled to the amino alcohol derivatives as described above and then, optionally, the R group removed to produce the corresponding acid, and optionally, converted to the amide.
Alternatively, one can react the amino alcohol derivatives with either a suitably monoprotected succinic acid or glutaric acid of the following structure; ##STR37## followed by removal of the protecting group and conversion of the resulting acid to an amide. One can also react an anhydride of the following structure; ##STR38## with the amino alcohol derivatives and then separate any isomers or convert the resulting acid to an amide and then separate any isomers.
it is contemplated that for preparing compounds of the Formulas having R.sup.6, the compounds can be prepared following the procedure set forth above and, prior to coupling the urea derivative or analog thereof, e.g. coupling, to the amino acid PNH(CH.sub.2).sub.t CH(R.sup.1)COOH, carried through a procedure referred to in the art as reductive amination. Thus, a sodium cyanoborohydride and an appropriate aldehyde R.sup.6 C(O)H or ketone R.sup.6 C(O)R.sup.6 can be reacted with the urea derivative compound or appropriate analog at room temperature in order to reductively aminate any of the compounds of Formulas I-VI. It is also contemplated that where R.sup.3 of the amino alcohol intermediate is hydrogen, the inhibitor compounds of the present invention wherein R.sup.3 is an alkyl radical, or other substituent wherein the .alpha.-C contains at least one hydrogen, can be prepared through reductive amination of the final product of the reaction between the amino alcohol and the amine or at any other stage of the synthesis for preparing the inhibitor compounds.
Contemplated equivalents of the general formulas set forth above for the antiviral compounds and derivatives as well as the intermediates are compounds otherwise corresponding thereto and having the same general properties such as tautomers thereof and compounds wherein one or more of the various R groups are simple variations of the substituents as defined therein, e.g., wherein R is a higher alkyl group than that indicated. In addition, where a substituent is designated as, or can be, a hydrogen, the exact chemical nature of a substituent which is other than hydrogen at that position, e.g., a hydrocarbyl radical or a halogen, hydroxy, amino and the like functional group, is not critical so long as it does not adversely affect the overall activity and/or synthesis procedure.
The chemical reactions described above are generally disclosed in terms of their broadest application to the preparation of the compounds of this invention. Occasionally, the reactions may not be applicable as described to each compound included within the disclosed scope. The compounds for which this occurs will be readily recognized by those skilled in the art. In all such cases, either the reactions can be successfully performed by conventional modifications known to those skilled in the art, e.g., by appropriate protection of interfering groups, by changing to alternative conventional reagents, by routine modification of reaction conditions, and the like, or other reactions disclosed herein or otherwise conventional, will be applicable to the preparation of the corresponding compounds of this invention. In all preparative methods, all starting materials are known or readily preparable from known starting materials.
Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following preferred specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.
Examples 1-45 illustrate compounds wherein X is N rather than O or C(R.sup.17). However, as shown in Examples 46 and 47, the nitrogen can be replaced as shown in such Examples 46 and 47 by replacing the isocyanate R.sup.4 NCO with an acid chloride or anhydride where X is C, or with a chloroformate or pyrocarbonate where X is O, to produce the compounds of the present invention. Furthermore, as shown in Examples 48 and 49, such compounds are effective retroviral protease inhibitors. Thus, utilizing the procedures set forth herein, the compounds shown in Tables 20-46 could be prepared.
All reagents were used as received without purification. All proton and carbon NMR spectra were obtained on either a Varian VXR-300 or VXR-400 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer.

EXAMPLE 1
Preparation of 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(2-methylpropyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!-butanediamide
Part A:
To a solution of 75.0g (0.226 mol) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone in a mixture of 807 mL of methanol and 807 mL of tetrahydrofuran at -2.degree. C., was added 13.17 g (0.348 mol, 1.54 equiv.) of solid sodium borohydride over one hundred minutes. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure at 40.degree. C. and the residue dissolved in ethyl acetate (approx. 1 L). The solution was washed sequentially with 1M potassium hydrogen sulfate, saturated sodium bicarbonate and then saturated sodium chloride solutions. After drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and filtering, the solution was removed under reduced pressure. To the resulting oil was added hexane (approx. 1 L) and the mixture warmed to 60.degree. C. with swirling. After cooling to room temperature, the solids were collected and washed with 2 L of hexane. The resulting solid was recrystallized from hot ethyl acetate and hexane to afford 32.3 g (43% yield) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-3(S)-amino-1-chloro-4-phenyl-2(S)-butanol, mp 150.degree.-151.degree. C. and M+Li.sup.+ =340.
Part B:
To a solution of 6.52 g (0.116 mol, 1.2 equiv.) of potassium hydroxide in 968 mL of absolute ethanol at room temperature, was added 32.3 g (0.097 mol) of N-CBZ-3(S)-amino-1-chloro-4-phenyl-2(S)-butanol. After stirring for fifteen minutes, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the solids dissolved in methylene chloride. After washing with water, drying over magnesium sulfate, filtering and stripping, one obtains 27.9 g of a white solid. Recrystallization from hot ethyl acetate and hexane afforded 22.3 g (77% yield) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-3(S)-amino-1,2(S)-epoxy-4-phenylbutane, mp 102.degree.-103.degree. C. and MH.sup.+ 298.
Part C:
A solution of N-benzyloxycarbonyl 3(S)-amino-1,2-(S)-epoxy-4-phenylbutane (1.00 g, 3.36 mmol) and isobutylamine (4.90 g, 67.2 mmol, 20 equiv.) in 10 mL of isopropyl alcohol was heated to reflux for 1.5 hours. The solution was cooled to room temperature, concentrated in vacuo and then poured into 100 mL of stirring hexane whereupon the product crystallized from solution. The product was isolated by filtration and air dried to give 1.18 g, 95% of N= 3(S)-phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino-2(R)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl!N- (2-methylpropyl)!amine mp 108.0.degree.-109.5.degree. C., MH.sup.+ m/z=371.
Part D:
A solution of 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl!N- (2-methylpropyl)amine in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran was treated with tert-butylisocyanate (267 mg, 2.70 mmol) at room temperature for 5 minutes. The solvent was removed in vacuo and replaced with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate solution was washed with 5% citric acid, water, and brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 1.19 g, 97% of 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl!-1- (2-methylpropyl)!amino-2-(1,1dimethyl)amino!carbonyl!butane, MH.sup.+ m/z-470.
Part E:
A solution of (1.00 g, 2.21 mmol) 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl!-1- (2-methylpropyl)!amino-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!butane in 20 mL of methanol was hydrogenated over 10% palladium-on-carbon for 4 hours to give 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl!-1- (2-methylpropyl)amino-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!butane 720 mg, 97%.
Part F:
A solution of N-Cbz-L-asparagine (602 mg, 2.26 mmol) and N-hydroxybenzotriazole (493 mg, 3.22 mmol) in 2 mL of dimethylformamide was cooled to 0.degree. C. and treated with EDC (473 mg, 2.47 mmol). The solution was allowed to stir at 0.degree. C. for 20 minutes and then treated with 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl!-1- (2-methylpropyl)!amino-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!butane (720 mg, 2.15 mmol) in 1 mL of dimethylformamide. The solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and held at this temperature for 7 hours. The reaction mixture was then poured into 100 mL of 60% saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate whereupon a white precipitate formed that was isolated by filtration. The filter cake was washed with water, 5% aqueous citric acid, water and then dried in vacuo to give 1.04 g, 83% of 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(2-methylpropyl)amino!, mp. 164.0.degree.-166.5.degree. C., MH.sup.+ m/z=584.
Part G:
A solution of 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(2-methylpropyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!butanediamide (1.00 g, 1.72 mmol) in 10 mL of methanol was hydrogenated over 10% palladium-on-carbon for 4 hours to give 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(2-methylpropyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-amino!-butanediamide, 784 mg, 99%.
Part H:
A mixture of 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(2-methylpropyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-amino!-butanediamide, (784 mg, 1.70 mmol), 2-quinoline carboxylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (459 mg, 1.70 mmol), N-methylmorpholine (343 mg, 3.40 mmol) in 5 mL of dichloromethane was stirred an room temperature for 15 minutes. The solvent was removed in vacuo and replaced with ethyl acetate and the solution washed with 5% aqueous citric acid, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was recrystallized from acetone/hexane to give 790 mg, 77% of 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N-.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(2-methylpropyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!-butanediamide, mp 107.0.degree.-109.8.degree. C., MH.sup.+ =605.
EXAMPLE 2
The procedure described in Example 1, part C-H, was used to prepare 1S- 1R* (R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!butanediamide.
a) From the reaction of 106 g (3.56 mmol) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl 3(S)-amino-1,2-(S)-epoxy-4-phenylbutane and 6.25 g (71.7 mmol) of isoamylamine, one obtains 1.27 g (92%) of 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl!N- (3-methylbutyl)!amine, mp 130-132 C. and MH* 385. This amine (400 mg, 1.04 mmol) was then reacted with tert-butylisocyanate (110 mg, 1.11 mmol) to afford 500 mg (100%) of 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl!-1- (3-methylbutyl)!amino-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!butane; as an oil, MH.sup.+ 484.
b) The CBZ protected compound (530 mg, 1.10 mmol) was then deprotected by hydrogenation over 10% palladium-on-carbon and the resulting free amine coupled with N-CBZ-L-asparagine (377 mg, 1.42 mmol) in the presence of N-hydroxybenzotriazole (290 mg, 2.15 mmol) and EDC (300 mg, 1.56 mmol) to yield 430 mg (53%) of 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!butanediamide, mp 148.degree.-151.degree. C. (dec) and MH.sup.+ 598. This compound (370 mg, 0.619 mmol) was then deprotected by hydrogenation over 10% palladium-on-carbon and the resulting free amine coupled with 2-quinolinecarboxylic acid N-hydroxy-succinimide ester (193 mg, 0.714 mmol), in the presence of N-methylmorpholine, to afford 310 mg (70%) of pure 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!butanediamide; mp 93.5.degree.-95.5.degree. C. and MH.sup.+ 619.
EXAMPLE 3
The procedure described in Example 1, part C-H, was used to prepare 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!2-napthylmethyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!butanediamide.
a) From the reach ion of 1.80 g (6.05 mmol) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl 3(S)-amino-1,2-(S)-epoxy-4-phenylbutane and 1.15 g (7.31 mmol) of 2-(aminomethyl)naphthalene, one obtains 2.11 g (77%) of 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl!N- (2-napthylmethyl)!amine, MH.sup.+ 455. This amine (366.8 mg, 0.807 mmol) was then reacted with tert-butylisocyanate (66.4 mg, 0.67 mmol) to afford 350.0 mg (94%) of 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl!-1- (2-napthylmethyl)!amino-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!butane; as an oil, MH .sup.+ 554.
b) The CBZ protected compound (330 mg, 0.596 mmol) was then deprotected by hydrogenation over 10% palladium-on-carbon and the resulting free amine coupled with N-CBZ-L-asparagine (165.1 mg, 0.62 mmol) in the presence of N-hydroxybenzotriazole (142.3 mg, 0.93 mmol) and EDC (130.7 mg, 0.68 mmol) to yield 161.7 mg (41%) of 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(2-napthylmethyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-butanediamide; mp 151.degree.-152.degree. C. (dec) and MH.sup.+ 668. This compound (91.0 mg, 0.136 mmol) was then deprotected by hydrogenation over 10% palladium-on-carbon and the resulting free amine coupled with 2-quinolinecarboxylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (36.8 mg, 0.136 mmol), in the presence of N-methylmorpholine, to afford 65.8 mg (70%) of pure 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(2-napthylmethyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!-butanediamide; mp 119.degree.-120.degree. C. and MH.sup.+ 689.
EXAMPLE 4
The procedure described in Example 1, part C-H, was used to prepare l S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(2-phenylethyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!butanediamide.
a) From the reaction of 1.00 g (3.36 mmol) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl 3(S)-amino-1,2-(S)-epoxy-4-phenylbutane and 8.19 g (67.0 mmol) of 2-phenethyl amine, one obtains 1.10 g (79%) of 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl!N- (2-phenylethyl)!amine, mp 137-138 C. and MH.sup.+ 419. This amine (750 mg, 1.79 mmol) was then reacted with tert-butylisocyanate (178 mg, 1.79 mmol) to afford 897 mg (97%) of 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl!-1- (2-phenylethyl)!amino-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!butane; as an oil, MH.sup.+ 518.
b) The CBZ protected compound (897 mg, 1.73 mmol) was then deprotected by hydrogenation over 10% palladium-on-carbon and the resulting free amine coupled with N-CBZ-L-asparagine (620.7 mg, 2.33 mmol) in the presence of N-hydroxybenzotriazole (509.5 mg, 3.33 mmol) and EDC (488.0 mg, 2.55 mmol) to yield 1.00 g (92%) of 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3 (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(2-phenylethyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!butanediamide; mp 145 (dec) and MH.sup.+ 632. This compound (860 mg, 1.36 mmol) was then deprotected by hydrogenation over 10% palladium-on-carbon and the resulting free amine coupled with 2-quinolinecarboxylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (338 mg, 1.25 mmol), in the presence of N-methylmorpholine, to afford 450.4 mg (55%) of pure 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3 (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(2-phenylethyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!butanediamide; mp 139.degree.-140.degree. C. and MH.sup.+ 653.
EXAMPLE 5
The procedure described in Example 1, part C-H, was used to prepare 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!-butanediamide.
a) From the reaction of 1.00 g (3.36 mmol) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl 3(S)-amino-1,2-(S)-epoxy-4-phenylbutane and 7.9 mL (approx. 67 mmol) of neopentyl amine, one obtains 0.69 g (49%) of 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl!N- (2,2-dimethylpropyl)!amine, MH.sup.+ 385. This amine (686 mg, 1.78 mmol) was then reacted with tert-butylisocyanate (180 mg, 1.78 mmol) to afford 860 mg (100%) of 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl!-1- (2,2-dimethylpropyl)!amino-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!butane; MH.sup.+ 484.
b) The CBZ protected compound (860 mg, 1.78 mmol) was then deprotected by hydrogenation over 10% palladium-on-carbon and the resulting free amine coupled with N-CBZ-L-asparagine (471 mg, 1.77 mmol) in the presence of N-hydroxybenzotriazole (406 mg, 2.66 mmol) and EDC (374 mg, 1.95 mmol) to yield 326 mg (34%) of 1S- R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(2, 2-dimethylpropyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-butanediamide; mp 177.degree.-178.degree. C. and MH.sup.+ 598. This compound (245 mg, 0.41 mmol) was then deprotected by hydrogenation over 10% palladium-on-carbon and the resulting free amine coupled with 2-quinolinecarboxylic acid N-hydroxy-succinimide ester (111 mg, 0.41 mmol), in the presence of N-methylmorpholine, to afford 150 mg (59%) of pure 1S- R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!-butanediamide; mp 115.degree.-117.degree. C. and MH.sup.+ 619.
EXAMPLE 6
The procedure described in Example 1, part C-H, was used to prepare 1S- R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(4-methoxyphenylmethyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!-butanediamide;
a) From the reaction of 1.00 g (3.36 mmol) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl 3(S)-amino-1,2-(S)-epoxy-4-phenylbutane and 9.2 g (67 mmol) of 4-methoxybenzyl amine, one obtains 1.12 g (76%) of 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl!N- (4-methoxyphenylmethyl)!amine, MH.sup.+ 435. This amine (1.12 g, 2.58 mmol) was then reacted with tert-butylisocyanate (260 mg, 2.58 mmol) to afford 1.35 g (98%) of 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl!-1- (4-methoxyphenylmethyl)!amino-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!butane; MH.sup.+ 534.
b) The CBZ protected compound (1.35 g, 2.53 mmol) was then deprotected by hydrogenation over 10% palladium-on-carbon and the resulting free amine coupled with N-CBZ-L-asparagine (684 mg, 2.57 mmol) in the presence of N-hydroxybenzotriazole (590 mg, 3.85 mmol) and EDC (543 mg, 2.83 mmol) to yield 442 mg (29%) of 1S- 1R*(R,), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(4-methoxyphenylmethyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-butanediamide; mp 175.degree. C. (dec) and MH.sup.+ 648. This compound (345 mg, 0.53 mmol) was then deprotected by hydrogenation over 10% palladium-on-carbon and the resulting free amine coupled with 2-quinolinecarboxylic acid N-hydroxy-succinimide ester (118 mg, 0.44 mmol), in the presence of N-methylmorpholine, to afford 108 mg (31%) of pure 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(4-methoxyphenylmethyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!-butanediamide; mp 220.degree. C. (dec) and MLi.sup.+ 675.
EXAMPLE 7
The procedure described in Example 1, part C-H, was used to prepare 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(n-butyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!butanediamide.
a) From the reaction of 1.48 g (5.0 mmol) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl 3(S)-amino-1,2-(S)-epoxy-4-phenylbutane and 7.314 g (100.0 mmol) of n-butyl amine, one obtains 1.50 g (80%) of 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl!N- n-butyl)!amine. This amine (1.48 g, 4.0 mmol) was then reacted with tert-butylisocyanate (396 mg, 4.0 mmol) to afford 1.87 g (100%) of 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl!-1- (n-butyl)!amino-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!butane as an oil.
b) The CBZ protected compound (1.87 g, 4.0 mmol) was then deprotected by hydrogenation over 10% palladium-on-carbon and the resulting free amine coupled with N-CBZ-L-asparagine (1.05 g, 3.96 mmol) in the presence of N-hydroxybenzotriazole (535 mg, 7.9 mmol) and EDC (759 mg, 3.96 mmol) to yield 1.75 g (76%) of 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(n-butyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!butanediamide; mp 166.degree.-167.degree. C. and MH.sup.+ 584.
EXAMPLE 8
The procedure described in Example 1, part C-H, was used to prepare 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(phenylmethyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!butanediamide.
a) From the reaction of 1.48 g (5.0 mmol) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl 3(S)-amino-1,2-(S)-epoxy-4-phenylbutane and 10.68 g (100.0 mmol) of benzyl amine, one obtains 1.88 g (95%) of 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl!N- (phenylmethyl)!amine. This amine (1.88 g, 4.65 mmol) was then reacted with tert-butylisocyanate (460.0 mg, 4.6 mmol) to afford 2.24 g (96%) of 2(R), 3(S)!-N- 3-(phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl!-1- (phenylmethyl)!amino-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!butane.
b) The CBz protected compound (2.22 g, 4.4 mmol) was then deprotected by hydrogenation over 10% palladium-on-carbon and the resulting free amine coupled with N-CBZ-L-asparagine (1.17 g, 4.4 mmol) in the presence of N-hydroxybenzotriazole (1.19 g, 8.8 mmol) and EDC (843 mg, 4.4 mmol) to yield 2.11 g (78%) of 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(phenylmethyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (phenylmethylcarbamoyl)amino!butanediamide; mp 156.degree.-158.degree. C. and MH.sup.+ 618. This compound (1.0 g, 1.62 mmol) was then deprotected by hydrogenation over 10% palladium-on-carbon and the resulting free amine coupled with 2-quinolinecarboxylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (437 mg, 1.62 mmol), in the presence of N-methylmorpholine, to afford 640 mg (62%) of pure 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(phenylmethyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!butanediamide; mp 110.5.degree.-112.5.degree. C. and MH.sup.+ 639.
EXAMPLE 9
Additional exemplary compounds are listed in Table 1. These compounds were prepared according to the following general procedures.
General Procedure for the Preparation of Amino Epoxide.
The amino epoxides can be prepared as shown in Example 1. Alternatively, a protected amino epoxide can be prepared starting with an L-amino acid.
Step A:
A solution of L-phenylalanine (50.0 g, 0.302 mol), sodium hydroxide (24.2 g, 0.605 mol) and potassium carbonate (83.6 g, 0.605 mol) in water (500 ml) is heated to 97.degree. C. Benzyl bromide (108.5 ml, 0.912 mol) is then slowly added (addition time .about.25 min). The mixture is then stirred at 97.degree. C. for 30 minutes. The solution is cooled to room temperature and extracted with toluene (2.times.250 ml). The combined organic layers are then washed with water, brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give an oil product. The crude product is then used in the next step without purification.
Step B:
The crude benzylated product of the above step is dissolved in toluene (750 ml) and cooled to -55.degree. C. A 1.5M solution of DIBAL-H in toluene (443.9 ml, 0.666 mol) is then added at a rate to maintain the temperature between -55.degree. to -50.degree. C. (addition time -1 hour). The mixture is stirred for 20 minutes at -55.degree. C. The reaction is quenched at -55.degree. C. by the slow addition of methanol (37 ml). The cold solution is then poured into cold (5.degree. C.) 1.5N HCl solution (1.8 L) . The precipitated solid (approx. 138 g) is filtered off and washed with toluene. The solid material is suspended in a mixture of toluene (400 ml) and water (100 ml). The mixture is cooled to 5.degree. C., treated with 2.5N NaOH (186 ml) and then stirred at room temperature until the solid is dissolved. The toluene layer is separated from the aqueous phase and washed with watr and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to a volume of 75 ml (89 g). Ethyl acetate (25 ml) and hexane (25 ml) are then added to the residue upon which the alcohol product begins to crystallize. AFter 30 min., an additional 50 ml hexane is added to promote further crystallization. The solid is filtered off and washed with 50 ml hexane to give approximately 35 g of material. A second crop of matrial can be isolated by refiltering the mother liquor. The solids are combined and recrystallized from ethyl acetate (20 ml) and hexane (30 ml) to give, in 2 crops, approximately 40 g (40% from L-phenylalanine) of analytically pure alcohol product. The mother liquors are combined and concentrated (34 g). The residue is treated with ethyl acetate and hexane which profides an additional 7 g (.about.7% yield) of slightly impure solid product. Further optimization in the recovery from the mother liquor is probable.
Step C:
A solution of oxalyl chloride (8.4 ml, 0.096 mol) in dichloromethane (240 ml) is cooled to -74.degree. C. A solution of DMSO (12.0 ml, 0.155 mol) in dichloromethane (50 ml) is then slowly added at a rate to maintain the temperature at -74.degree. C. (addition time .about.1.25 hr). The mixture is stirred for 5 min. followed by addition of a solution of the alcohol (0.074 mol) in 100 ml of dichloromethane (addition time -20 min., temp. -75.degree. C. to -68.degree. C.). The solution is stirred at -78.degree. C. for 35 minutes. Triethylamine (41.2 ml, 0.295 mol) is then added over 10 min. (temp. -78.degree. to -68.degree. C.) upon which the ammonium salt precipitated. The cold mixture is stirred for 30 min. and then water (225 ml) is added. The dichloromethane layer is separated from the aqueous phase and washed with water, brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue is diluted with ethyl acetate and hexane and then filtered to further remove the ammonium salt. The filtrate is concentrated to give the desired aldehyde product. The aldehyde was carried on to the next step without purification.
Temperatures higher than -70.degree. C. has been reported in the literature for the Swern oxidation. Other Swern modifications and alternatives to the Swern oxidations are also possible.
A solution of the crude aldehyde 0.074 mol and chloroiodomethane (7.0 ml, 0.096 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (285 ml) is cooled to -78.degree. C. A 1.6M solution of n-butyllithium in hexane (25 ml, 0.040 mol) is then added at a rate to maintain the temperature at -75.degree. C. (addition time -15 min.). After the first addition, additional chloroiodomethane (1.6 ml, 0.022 mol) is added again, followed by n-butyllithium (23 ml, 0.037 mol), keeping the temperature at -75.degree. C. The mixture is stirred for 15 min. Each of the reagents, chloroiodomethane (0.70 ml, 0.010 mol) and n-butyllithium (5 ml, 0.008 mol) are added 4 more times over 45 min. at -75.degree. C. The cooling bath is then removed and the solution warmed to 22.degree. C. over 1.5 hr. The mixture is poured into 300 ml of saturated aq. ammoniumchloride solution. The tetrahydrofuran layer isseparated. The aqueous phase is extracted with ethylacetate (1.times.300 ml). The combined organic layers arewashed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filteredand concentrated to give a brown oil (27.4 g). Theproduct could be used in the next step withoutpurification. The desired diastereomer can be purified byrecrystallization at a subsequent step.
Alternately, the product could be purified bychromatography.
General Procedure for the Synthesis of 1,3-Diamino 4-phenylButan-2-ol Derivatives.
A mixture of the amine R.sup.3 NH.sub.2 (20 equiv.) in dryisopropyl alcohol (20 mL/mmol of epoxide to be converted) washeated to reflux and then treated with an N-Cbz amino epoxideof the formula: ##STR39## from a solids addition funnel over a 10-15 minute period.After the addition is complete the solution was maintained atreflux for an additional 15 minutes and the progress of thereaction monitored by TLC. In nearly all cases the reactionwas found to be complete after this time period. The reactionmixture was then concentrated in vacuo to give an oil that wastreated with n-hexane with rapid stirring whereupon the ringopened material precipitated from solution. Precipitation wasgenerally complete within 1 hr and the product was thenisolated by filtration on a Buchner funnel and then air dried.The product was further dried in vacuo. This method affordsamino alcohols of sufficient purity for most purposes.
General Procedure for the Reaction of Amino Alcohols withIsocyanates: Preparation of Ureas
A solution from the amino alcohol intetrahydrofuran (THF) was treated at room temperature with theappropriate isocyanate of formula R.sup.4 NCO via syringe undernitrogen. After the reaction has stirred for .about.5 m the progressof the reaction was monitored by TLC. In nearly all cases thereaction was complete. The solvent was removed in vacuo andthe product obtained was of sufficient purity for mostpurposes. The product may be further purified by dissolutionin ethyl acetate and washing with 5% aqueous citric acid,water, and brine. The solvent is dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to givethe pure urea.
General Procedure for the Removal of the Protecting Groups byHydrogenolysis with Palladium on Carbon
A. Alcohol Solvent
The Cbz-protected peptide derivative was dissolvedin methanol (ca.20 mL/mmol) and 10% palladium on carboncatalyst is added under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reactionvessel is sealed and flushed 5 times with nitrogen and then5 times with hydrogen. The pressure is maintained at 50 psigfor 1-16 hours and then the hydrogen replaced with nitrogenand the solution filtered through a pad of celite to removethe catalyst. The solvent is removed in vacuo to give thefree amino derivative of suitable purity to be taken directlyon to the next step.
B. Acetic Acid Solvent
The Cbz-protected peptide derivative was dissolvedin glacial acetic acid (20 mL/mmol) and 10% palladium on carboncatalyst is added under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reactionvessel is flushed 5 times with nitrogen and 5 times withhydrogen and then maintained at 40 psig for about 2 h. Thehydrogen was then replaced with nitrogen and the reactionmixture filtered through a pad of celite to remove thecatalyst. The filtrate was concentrated and the resultingproduct taken up in anhydrous ether and evaporated to dryness3 times. The final product, the acetate salt, was dried invacuo and is of suitable purity for subsequent conversion.
General Procedure for Removal of Boc-protecting Group with 4NHydrochloric Acid in Dioxane
The Boc-protected amino acid or peptide is treatedwith a solution of 4N HCl in dioxane with stirring at roomtemperature. Generally the deprotection reaction is completewithin 15 minutes, the progress of the reaction is monitoredby thin layer chromatography (TLC). Upon completion, theexcess dioxane and HCl are removed by evaporation in vacuo.The last traces of dioxane and HCl are best removed byevaporation again from anhydrous ether or acetone. Thehydrochloride salt thus obtained is thoroughly dried in vacuoand is suitable for further reaction.
EDC/HOBt Coupling of Cbz-Asparagine (General Procedure)
N-CBZ-(L-asparagine (1.10 eq) andN-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) (1.5 eq) are dissolved in drydimethylformamide (DMF) (2-5 mL/mmol) and cooled in an icebath. 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride (EDC) (1.10 eq) is added to the stirring solutionand maintained at 0.degree. C. for 10 minutes. A solution of the aminocomponent (free amine), 1.0 eq in DMF (1-2 mL/mmol), is added. In the case of the amine hydrochloride or acetate salt, anequivalent of N-methylmorpholine is also added.! The reactionmixture is stirred at 0.degree. C. for 1 hour and then at roomtemperature for .about.5-6 hours. The reaction mixture is thenpoured into a rapidly stirring solution of 60% saturatedaqueous sodium bicarbonate (ca-50 mL/mmol). An immediate whiteprecipitate forms which is collected on a Buchner funnel andthe solid washed thoroughly with saturated aqueous sodiumbicarbonate, water, 5% aqueous citric acid solution and water.The product is thoroughly dried in vacuo and redissolved inDMF, filtered and reprecipitated by the addition to water.The precipitated produce is isolated by filtration, washedagain with water and dried in vacuo.
General Procedure for Acylation with 2-Quinoline CarboxylicAcid N-Hydroxysuccinimide Ester
A solution of the free amine (or amine acetatesalt) and 1.0 equivalent of N-hydroxysuccinimide 2-quinolinecarboxylate in anhydrous dichloromethane was treated with 1.5 equivalents of N-methyl morpholine (NMM) at room temperature.The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC and when thereaction was complete the reaction mixture was diluted withadditional dichloromethane and the solution washed withsaturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, 5% aqueous citric acid,water and brine. The solution was dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Theproduct thus obtained was recrystallized from a mixture ofacetone and hexane.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR40##Entry No. R R.sup.3 R.sup.4__________________________________________________________________________ 1 Cbz.sup.a CH.sub.3 n-Butyl 2 Cbz i-Butyl CH.sub.3 3 Cbz i-Butyl n-Butyl 4 Q.sup.b i-Butyl n-Butyl 5 Cbz i-Propyl n-Butyl 6 Q i-Propyl n-Butyl 7 Cbz C.sub.6 H.sub.5 n-Butyl 8 Cbz ##STR41## n-Butyl 9 Cbz ##STR42## n-Butyl10 Q ##STR43## n-Butyl11 Cbz ##STR44## n-Butyl12 Cbz i-Butyl n-Propyl13 Cbz i-Butyl CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.214 Cbz ##STR45## n-Butyl15 Cbz ##STR46## i-Propyl16 Cbz ##STR47## CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.217 Cbz i-Butyl CH.sub.2 CH.sub.318 Cbz i-Butyl CH(CH.sub.3).sub.219 Cbz i-Butyl ##STR48##20 Q i-Butyl ##STR49##21 Cbz ##STR50## (CH.sub.2).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.222 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.223 Q i-Butyl CH(CH.sub.3).sub.224 Cbz i-Butyl C(CH.sub.3).sub.325 Q i-Butyl C(CH.sub.3).sub.326 Cbz ##STR51## C(CH.sub.3).sub.327 Q ##STR52## C(CH.sub.3).sub.328 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.329 Q (CH.sub.2).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.330 Cbz CH.sub.2 C6H.sub.5 C(CH.sub.3).sub.331 Q CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 C(CH.sub.3).sub.332 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 C(CH.sub.3).sub.333 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 C(CH.sub.3).sub.334 Cbz n-Butyl C(CH.sub.3).sub.335 Cbz n-Pentyl C(CH.sub.3).sub.336 Cbz n-Hexyl C(CH.sub.3).sub.337 Cbz ##STR53## C(CH.sub.3).sub.338 Cbz CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.339 Q CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.340 Cbz ##STR54## C(CH.sub.3).sub.341 Cbz CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 OCH.sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.342 Cbz ##STR55## C(CH.sub.3).sub.343 Cbz ##STR56## C(CH.sub.3).sub.344 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.345 Q (CH.sub.2).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.346 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.4 OH C(CH.sub.3).sub.347 Q (CH.sub.2).sub.4 OH C(CH.sub.3).sub.348 Q ##STR57## C(CH.sub.3).sub.349 Q ##STR58## C(CH.sub.3).sub.350 ##STR59## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.351 ##STR60## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.352 ##STR61## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.353 ##STR62## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.354 ##STR63## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.355 ##STR64## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.356 ##STR65## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.357 ##STR66## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.358 ##STR67## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.359 ##STR68## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.360 ##STR69## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.361 ##STR70## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.362 ##STR71## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.363 ##STR72## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.364 ##STR73## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.365 ##STR74## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.366 ##STR75## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.367 ##STR76## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.368 ##STR77## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.369 ##STR78## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3__________________________________________________________________________ .sup.a benzyloxycarbonyl .sup.b 2quinolinylcarbonyl
EXAMPLE 10
Following the generalized procedures set forth inExample 9, the compounds set forth in Table 2 were
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR79##Entry A R.sup.3 R.sup.4__________________________________________________________________________ 1 CbzVal i-amyl tBu 2 CbzLeu i-amyl t-Bu 3 CbzIle i-amyl t-Bu 4 AcD-homo-Phe i-Bu n-Bu 5 QuiOrn(.gamma.-Cbz) ##STR80## t-Bu 6 CbzAsn CH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.2 t-Bu 7 Acetyl-t-BuGly i-amyl t-Bu 8 Acetyl-Phe i-amyl t-Bu 9 Acetyl-Ile i-amyl t-Bu10 Acetyl-Leu i-amyl t-Bu11 Acetyl-His i-amyl t-Bu12 Acetyl-Thr i-amyl t-Bu13 Acetyl-NHCH(C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 (SCH.sub.3))C(O) i-amyl t-Bu14 CbzAsn i-amyl t-Bu15 CbzAla i-amyl t-Bu16 CbzAla i-amyl t-Bu17 Cbz-beta-cyanoAla i-amyl t-Bu18 Cbz-t-BuGly i-amyl t-Bu19 Q-t-BuGly i-amyl t-Bu20 QSCH.sub.3 Cys i-amyl t-Bu21 CbzSCH.sub.3 Cys i-amyl t-Bu22 QAsp i-amyl t-Bu23 Cbz(NHCH(C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 (SCH.sub.3))C(O) i-amyl t-Bu24 CbzEtGly i-amyl t-Bu25 CbzPrGly i-amyl t-Bu26 CbzThr i-amyl t-Bu27 QPhe i-amyl t-Bu28 CbzPhe i-amyl t-Bu29 Cbz NHCH(CH.sub.2 C(O)NHCH.sub.3 !C(O) i-amyl t-Bu30 Q NHCH(CH.sub.2 C(O)NHCH.sub.3 !C(O) i-amyl t-Bu__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 11
Following the generalized procedure of Example 9, the compounds listed in Table 3 were
TABLE 3______________________________________ ##STR81##Entry R.sup.1______________________________________1 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.2 CH.sub.32 (R)CH(OH)CH.sub.33 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.24 (R,S)CH.sub.2 SOCH.sub.35 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.2 NH.sub.26 CH.sub.2 SCH.sub.37 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.28 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C(O)NH.sub.29 (S)CH(OH)CH.sub.310 CH.sub.2 CCH11 CH.sub.2 CCH.sub.2______________________________________
EXAMPLE 12
Following the generalized procedures of Example 9,the compounds set forth in Table 4 were
TABLE 4______________________________________ ##STR82##Entry R.sup.2 A______________________________________ 1 n-Bu CbzAsn 2 cyclohexylmethyl CbzAsn 3 n-Bu Boc 4 n-Bu Cbz 5 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Boc 6 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Cbz 7 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 benzoyl 8 cyclohexylmethyl Cbz 9 n-Bu QAsn10 cyclohexylmethyl QAsn11 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 CbzIle12 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 QIle13 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Cbz-t-BuGly14 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Q-t-BuGly15 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 CbzVal16 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 QVal17 2-naphthylmethyl CbzAsn18 2-naphthylmethyl QAsn19 2-naphthylmethyl Cbz20 n-Bu CbzVal21 n-Bu QVal22 n-Bu QIle23 n-Bu Cbz-t-BuGly24 n-Bu Q-t-BuGly25 p-F(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)CH.sub.2 QAsn26 p-F(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)CH.sub.2 Cbz27 p-F(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)CH.sub.2 CbzAsn28 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Cbz-propargylglycine29 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Q-propargylglycine30 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 acetyl-proparglyglycine31 i-Bu CbzAsn______________________________________
EXAMPLE 13
The compounds listed in Table 5 were preparedaccording to the generalized procedures of Example
TABLE 5______________________________________ ##STR83##Entry X(H)R.sup.4 A______________________________________1 NH.sup.t Bu CbzAsn2 NEt.sub.2 Cbz3 NHC(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 Cbz______________________________________
EXAMPLE 14
The compounds of Table 6 were prepared accordingto the generalized procedures set forth in Example 9 exceptthat instead of an isocyanate, an isothiocyanate equivalentwas
TABLE 6______________________________________ ##STR84##Entry XHR.sup.4______________________________________1 NHEt2 NH.sup.t Bu______________________________________
The Cbz group of the compounds shown in Examples 13 and 14 can be removed as described in Example 9 and the resultingcompound can be coupled to a desired .alpha.- or .beta.-amino acid orthe like to produce compounds of the present invention.
EXAMPLE 15
The compounds shown in Table 7 were preparedaccording to the following general procedure.This general procedure represents a Curtius Rearrangement andreaction with the amino alcohol derivative as preparedfollowing the general procedure in Example 9.
To a solution of 1 mmol of carboxylic acid in12 mL of toluene and 3 mmol of triethylamine at 90.degree. C. under anitrogen atmosphere, was added 1 mmol of diphenylphosphorylazide. After 1 hour, a solution of 1 mmol of amino alcoholderivative in 3.5 mL of either N,N-dimethylformamide ortoluene was added. After 1 hour, the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure, ethyl acetate and water added and thelayers separated. The organic layer was washed with 5%citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, brine, dried, filtered andconcentrated to afford the crude product. This was thenrecrystallized or chromatographed on silica gel to afford thepurified final
TABLE 7______________________________________ ##STR85##R.sup.3 R.sup.4______________________________________CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR86##CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR87##CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR88##CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR89##______________________________________
EXAMPLE 16
A. Preparation of 4(4-methoxybenzyl)itaconate ##STR90##
A 5 L three-necked round bottomed flask equippedwith constant pressure addition funnel, reflux condenser,nitrogen inlet, and mechanical stirrer was charged withitaconic anhydride (660.8 g, 5.88 mol) and toluene (2300 mL).The solution was warmed to reflux and treated with4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (812.4 g, 5.88 mol) dropwise over a2.6 h period. The solution was maintained at reflux for anadditional 1.5 h and then the contents were poured into three2 L erlenmeyer flasks to crystallize. The solution wasallowed to cool to room temperature whereupon the desiredmono-ester crystallized. The product was isolated byfiltration on a Buchner funnel and air dried to give 850.2 g,58% of material with mp 83.degree.-85.degree. C., a second crop, 17% wasisolated after cooling of the filtrate in an ice bath. .sup.1 HNMR (CDCl.sub.3) 300 MHz 7.32(d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.91(d, J=8.7 Hz,2H), 6.49(s, 1H), 5.85(s, 1H), 5.12(s, 2H), 3.83(s, 3H),3.40 (s, 2H).
B. Preparation of Methyl 4(4-methoxybenzyl)itaconate ##STR91##
A 5 L three-necked round bottomed flask equippedwith reflux condenser, nitrogen inlet, constant pressureaddition funnel and mechanical stirrer was charged with 4(4-methoxybenzyl)itaconate(453.4 g, 1.81 mol) and treated with1,5-diazabicyclo 4.3.0!non-5-ene (275.6 g, 1.81 mol), (DBU),dropwise so that the temperature did not rise above 15.degree. C.To this stirring mixture was added a solution of methyliodide (256.9 g, 1.81 mol) in 250 mL of toluene from thedropping funnel over a 45 m period. The solution was allowedto warm to room temperature and stirred for an additional3.25 h.
The precipitated DBU hydroiodide was removed byfiltration, washed with toluene and the filtrate poured intoa separatory funnel. The solution was washed with sat. aq.NaHCO.sub.3 (2.times.500 mL), 0.2N HCl (1.times.500 mL), and brine (2.times.500 mL), dried over anhyd. MgSO.sub.4, filtered, and the solventremoved in vacuo. This gave a clear colorless oil, 450.2 g,94% whose NMR was consistent with the assigned structure..sup.1 H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) 300 MHz 7.30(d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.90(d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.34(s, 1H), 5.71(s, 1H), 5.09(s, 2H), 3.82(s, 3H),3.73(s, 3H), 3.38(s, 2H). .sup.13 C NMR (CDCl.sub.3) 170.46, 166.47,159.51, 133.55, 129.97, 128.45, 127.72, 113.77, 66.36,55.12, 51.94, 37.64.
C. Preparation of Methyl 4(4-methoxybenzyl) 2(R)methylsuccinate ##STR92##
A 500 mL Fisher-Porter bottle was charged withmethyl 4(4-methoxybenzyl)itaconate (71.1 g, 0.269 mol),rhodium (R,R) DiPANP catalyst (204 mg, 0.269 mmol, 0.1 mol %)and degassed methanol (215 mL). The bottle was flushed 5 times with nitrogen and 5 times with hydrogen to a finalpressure of 40 psig. The hydrogenation commencedimmediately and after ca. 1 h the uptake began to taper off,after 3 h the hydrogen uptake ceased and the bottle wasflushed with nitrogen, opened and the contents concentratedon a rotary evaporator to give a brown oil that was taken upin boiling iso-octane (ca. 200 mL, this was repeated twice),filtered through a pad of celite and the filtrateconcentrated in vacuo to give 66.6 g, 93% of a clearcolorless oil, .sup.1 H NMR (CDCl.sub.3 300 MHz 7.30(d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H),6.91 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 3.82(s, 3H), 3.67 (s,3H), 2.95(ddq, J=5.7, 7.5, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 2.79(dd, J=8.1, 16.5 Hz, 1H), 2.45(dd, J=5.7, 16.5 Hz, 1H), 1.23(d, J=7.5 Hz,3H).
D. Preparation of Methyl 2(R)-methylsuccinate
A 3 L three-necked round-bottomed flask equippedwith a nitrogen inlet, mechanical stirrer, reflux condenserand constant pressure addition funnel was charged withmethyl 4(4-methoxybenzyl) 2(R)-methylsuccinate (432.6 g, 1.65 mol) and toluene (1200 mL). The stirrer was started and thesolution treated with trifluoroacetic acid (600 mL) from thedropping funnel over 0.25 h. The solution turned a deeppurple color and the internal temperature rose to 45.degree. C.After stirring for 2.25 h the temperature was 27.degree. C. and thesolution had acquired a pink color. The solution wasconcentrated on a rotary evaporator. The residue wasdiluted with water (2200 mL) and sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3 (1000 mL).Additional NaHCO.sub.3 was added until the acid had beenneutralized. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethylacetate (2.times.1000 mL) to remove the by-products and theaqueous layer was acidified to pH=1.8 with conc. HCl. Thissolution was extracted with ethyl acetate (4.times.1000 mL),washed with brine, dried over anhyd. MgSO.sub.4, filtered andconcentrated on a rotary evaporator to give a colorlessliquid 251 g, >100% that was vacuum distilled through a shortpath apparatus cut 1: bath temperature 120.degree. C. @ >1 mm, bp25.degree.-29.degree. C.; cut 2: bath temperature 140.degree. C. @ 0.5 mm, bp 95.degree.-108.degree. C.,151 g, !.sub.D @ 25.degree. C.=+1.38.degree. C.(c=15.475, MeOH), .alpha.!.sub.D =+8.48.degree. C.(neat); cut 3: bath temperature 140.degree. C., bp 108.degree. C., 36 g, .alpha.!.sub.D @ 25.degree. C.=+1.49.degree. C.(c=15.00, MeOH), .alpha.!.sub.D =+8.98.degree. C. (neat). Cuts 2 and 3 were combined to give 189 g, 78% of product, .sup.1 H NMR(CDCl.sub.3) 300 MHz 11.6(brs, 1H), 3.72(s, 3H), 2.92(ddq, J=5.7,6.9, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.81(dd, J=8.0, 16.8 Hz, 1H), 2.47(dd,J=5.7, 16.8 Hz, 1H), 1.26(d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H).
E. Preparation of Methyl Itaconate ##STR93##
A 50 mL round bottomed flask equipped with refluxcondenser, nitrogen inlet and magnetic stir bar was chargedwith methyl 4(4-methoxybenzyl)itaconate (4.00 g, 16 mmol).The solution was kept at room temperature for 18 hours andthen the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue wastaken up in ethyl acetate and extracted three times withsaturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The combinedaqueous extract was acidified to pH=1 with aqueous potassiumbisulfate and then extracted three times with ethyl acetate.The combined ethyl acetate solution was washed withsaturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Theresidue was then vacuum distilled to give 1.23 g, 75% of pureproduct, bp 85-87 @ 0.1 mm. .sup.1 H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) 300 MHz 6.34(s,1H), 5.73(s, 2H), 3.76(s, 3H), 3.38(s, 2H). .sup.13 C NMR (CDCl.sub.3)177.03, 166.65, 129.220, 132.99, 52.27, 37.46.
F. Curtius Rearrangement of Methyl 2(R)-methylsuccinate:Preparation of Methyl N-Moz-.alpha.-methyl .beta.-alanine. ##STR94##
A 5L four necked round bottomed flask equippedwith a nitrogen inlet, reflux condenser, mechanical stirrer,constant pressure addition funnel, and thermometer adapterwas charged with methyl 2(R)-methyl succinate (184.1 g, 1.26 mol), triethylamine (165.6 g, 218 mL, 1.64 mol, 1.3 equivalents), and toluene (1063 mL). The solution waswarmed to 85.degree. C. and then treated dropwise with a solution ofdiphenylphosphoryl azide (346.8 g, 1.26 mol) over a period of1.2 h. The solution was maintained at that temperature foran additional 1.0 h and then the mixture was treated with4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (174.1 g, 1.26 mol) over a 0.33 hperiod from the dropping funnel. The solution was stirredat 88.degree. C. for an additional 2.25 h and then cooled to roomtemperature. The contents of the flask were poured into aseparatory funnel and washed with sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3 (2.times.500 mL), 0.2N HCl (2.times.500 mL), brine (1.times.500 mL), dried overanhyd. MgSO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give302.3 g, 85% of the desired product as a slightly brown oil..sub.1 H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) 300 MHz 7.32(d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.91(d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.2(brm, 1H), 5.05 (s, 2H), 3.83(s, 3H), 3.70 (s,H), 3.35(m, 2H), 2.70(m, 2H), 1.20(d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).
G. Hydrolysis of Methyl N-Moz-.alpha.-methyl .beta.-alanine:Preparation of .alpha.-methyl .beta.-alanine Hydrochloride ##STR95##
A 5 L three-necked round bottomed flask equippedwith a reflux condenser, nitrogen inlet and mechanicalstirrer was charged with methyl N-Moz-.alpha.-methyl .beta.-alanine(218.6 g, 0.78 mol), glacial acetic acid (975 mL) and 12Nhydrochloric acid (1960 mL). The solution was then heatedto reflux for 3 h. After the solution had cooled to roomtemperature (ca. 1 h) the aqueous phase was decanted fromorganic residue (polymer) and the aqueous phase concentratedon a rotary evaporator. Upon addition of acetone to theconcentrated residue a slightly yellow solid formed that wasslurried with acetone and the white solid was isolated byfiltration on a Buchner funnel. The last traces of acetonewere removed by evacuation to give 97.7 g, 90% of pureproduct, mp 128.5.degree.-130.5.degree. C. .alpha.!.sub.D @ 25.degree. C.=9.0.degree. (c=2.535,Methanol). .sup.1 H NMR (D.sub.2 O) 300 MHz 3.29(dd, J=8.6, 13.0 Hz,1H), 3.16(dd, J=5 0, 13.0 m Hz, 1H), 2.94(ddq, J=7.2, 5.0,8.6 Hz, 1H), 1.30(d,J=7.2 Hz, 3H); .sup.13 C NMR (D.sub.2 O) 180.84,44.56, 40.27, 17.49.
H. Preparation of N-Boc .alpha.-Methyl .beta.-Alanine ##STR96##
A solution of .alpha.-methyl .beta.-alanine hydrochloride(97.7 g, 0.70 mol) in water (1050 mL) and dioxane (1050 mL)the pH was adjusted to 8.9 with 2.9N NaOH solution. Thisstirring solution was then treated with di-tert-butylpyrocarbonate (183.3 g, 0.84 mol, 1.2 equivalents) all atonce. The pH of the solution was maintained between 8.7 and9.0 by the periodic addition of 2.5N NaOH solution. After2.5 h the pH had stabilized and the reaction was judged to becomplete. The solution was concentrated on a rotaryevaporator (the temperature was maintained at <40.degree. C.). Theexcess di-tert-butyl pyrocarbonate was removed by extractionwith dichloromethane and then the aqueous solution wasacidified with cold 1N HCl and immediately extracted withethyl acetate (4.times.1000 mL). The combined ethyl acetateextract was washed with brine, dried over anhyd. MgSO.sub.4,filtered and concentrated on a rotary evaporator to give athick oil 127.3 g, 90% crude yield that was stirred withn-hexane whereupon crystals of pure product formed, 95.65 g,67%, mp 76.degree.-78 .degree. C., .alpha.!.sub.D @ 25.degree. C.=-11.8.degree. (c=2.4, EtOH) A secondcrop was obtained by concentration of the filtrate anddilution with hexane, 15.4 g, for a combined yield of 111.05 g,78%. .sup.1 H NMR (acetone D.sub.6) 300 MHz 11.7 (brs, 1H), 6.05 (brs1H), 3.35 (m, 1H), 3.22 (m, 1H), 2.50 (m, 1H), 1.45(s, 9H),1.19 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 3H); .sup.13 C NMR (acetone D.sub.6) 177.01, 79.28,44.44, 40.92, 29.08, 15.50. Elemental analysis calc'd. forC.sub.9 H.sub.17 NO.sub.4 : C, 53.19, H, 8.42; N, 6.89. Found: C, 53.36; H,8.46; N, 6.99.
I. Preparation of N-4-Methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl .alpha.-Methyl .beta.-Alanine
A solution of N-4-Methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl.alpha.-methyl .beta.-alanine methyl ester (2.81 g, 10.0 mmol) in 30 mLof 25% aqueous methanol was treated with lithium hydroxide(1.3 equivalents) at room temperature for a period of 2 h.The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue takenup in a mixture of water and ether and the phases separatedand the organic phase discarded. The aqueous phase wasacidified with aqueous potassium hydrogen sulfate to pH=1.5 and then extracted three times with ether. The combinedethereal phase was washed with saturated aqueous sodiumchloride solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate,filtered and concentrated in vacuo co give 2.60 g, 97% ofN-4-Methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl .alpha.-methyl .beta.-alanine (N-Moz-AMBA)which was purified by recrystallization from a mixture ofethyl acetate and hexane to give 2.44 g, 91% of pure product,mp 96.degree.-97.degree. C., MH+=268. .sup.1 H NMR (D.sub.6 -acetone/300 MHz) 1.16 (3H, d,J=7.2 Hz), 2.70 (1H, m), 3.31 (2H, m), 3.31 (3H, s), 4.99 (2H,s), 6.92(2H, 4, J=8.7 Hz), 7.13(2H, d, J=8.7 Hz).
J. Preparation of Propanamide, 3-(4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl)-N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amine!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl- IS- IR*(S*),2S*!!-
N-Moz-AMBA (468 mg, 1.75 nmmol) was dissolved in 5 mLof DMF, HOBT (355 mg, 2.6 mmol) was added and the solution wascooled to 0.degree. C. The solution was treated with (336 mg,1.75 mmol) EDC for 15 minutes. To this was added(612 mg, 1.75 mmol) of 2R, 3S 3-amino-1-isoamyl-1-(t-butylcarbonyl)amino4-phenyl-2-butanol in 10 mL of DMF andreaction stirred for 16 hours at room temperature. The DMFwas concentrated to 5 mL and the product was precipitated byaddition to 60% saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3. The solid wastaken up in ethyl acetate and washed with KHSO.sub.4, NaHCO.sub.3,NaCl (saturated), dried over MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated to yield680 mg of crude product which was crystallized from CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2,Et.sub.2 O, hexane, to yield 300 mg of pure product.
EXAMPLE 17
The compounds of Table 8 were prepared accordingto the procedure listed below and that utilized in Example16.
Propaneamide, 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)butoxycarbonyl!amino-N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl-, 1S- 1R*(S*),2S*!- (Table 8, Entry 11)
Part A:
A solution of N-t-butyloxycarbonyl-2-(R)-methyl-3-aminopropionicacid (372 mg, 1.83 mmol) and N-hydroxybenzotriazole(371 mg, 2.75 mmol) in 5 mL ofdimethylformamide was cooled to 0.degree. C. To this was added EDC(351 mg, 1.83 mmol) and the solution was stirred for 15 minutes. To this chilled solution was added a solution of3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2(R)-hydroxy-1(S)(phenylmethyl)propylamine in 5 mL ofdimethylformamide and stirred for 15 hours. Thedimethylformamide was removed and replaced with 50 mL ofethyl acetate, and the organic phase was extracted with 5%potassium hydrogen sulfate, saturated sodium bicarbonate andbrine. The ethyl acetate layer was dried over magnesiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated to yield 613 mg ofproduct after recrystallization from ethyl acetate,hexanes. (63% yield). M+Li 541
Part B:
Preparation of Propaneamide, 3-amino-N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!-(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl-, 1S- 1R*(S*),2S*!-hydrochloride
The product from part A. (577 mg, 1.08 mmol) wasdissolved in 40 mL of 4N HCl in dioxane and the solutionstirred for 2 hours, and concentrated to yield thehydrochloride salt in quantitative yield.
Part C:
Preparation of Propaneamide, 3-(2-methylpropanoylamino)-N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl-, 1S- 1R*(S*),2S*!-
The product from part B. (236 mg, 0.5 mmol) wasdissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran and to this was addedN-methylmorpholine (160 mg, 1.5 mmol) upon which time aprecipitate formed. To this suspension was added isobutyrylchloride (53.5 mg, 0.5 mmol) and the suspension stirred for15 hours. The suspension was diluted with ethyl acetate andwashed with 5% potassium hydrogen sulfate, saturated sodiumbicarbonate and brine. the organic layer was dried overmagnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to yield 195 mgof crude product which was chromatographed on silica gelwith 5% methanol methylene chloride to yield 121.5 mg (50%yield) of pure product. M+Li 511
TABLE 8__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR97##Entry R R.sub.1__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR98## CH.sub.32 ##STR99## CH.sub.33 ##STR100## CH(CH.sub.3).sub.24 ##STR101## CH(CH.sub.3).sub.25 ##STR102## C(CH.sub.3).sub.36 ##STR103## CH.sub.37 ##STR104## CH.sub.38 ##STR105## CH.sub.39 ##STR106## CH.sub.310 ##STR107## CH.sub.311 ##STR108## CH.sub.312 ##STR109## CH.sub.313 ##STR110## CH.sub.314 ##STR111## CH.sub.315 ##STR112##16 ##STR113##__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 18
Following generally the procedure set forth inExample 16, the compounds shown in Table 9 were
TABLE 9______________________________________ ##STR114##R.sup.1 R.sup.1' R.sup.1" R______________________________________H H H ##STR115##H H H ##STR116##H CH.sub.3 H ##STR117##H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 ##STR118##H H CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 ##STR119##H H H ##STR120##H H H ##STR121##H H CONH.sub.2 CbzH H CONH.sub.2 2-quinolinylcarbonyl______________________________________
EXAMPLE 19
The procedure set forth below in Example 23 wasgenerally utilized to prepare the compounds shown in
TABLE 10______________________________________ ##STR122##R R' X______________________________________R = H R' = H X = HR = Me R' = Me X = HR = H R' = Me X = HR = Me R' = Me X = FR = H R' = Me X = FR = Cbz R' = Me X = HR = H R' = Bz X = HR + R' = pyrrole* X = H______________________________________ *lle in place of tbutylglycine
EXAMPLE 20
This example illustrates preparation ofcompounds wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 together with N, forms aheterocycloalkyl radical.
a) Pyrrolidine carbamoyl chloride. ##STR123##
A slitting solution of triphosgene (27.78 g, 0.103 mol) in 40 mL toluene was cooled to -20 .degree. C. in an ice/saltbath under a blanket of nitrogen and treated with a solutionof N-methylmorpholine (27.3 g, 0.27 mol) in 20 mL of toluenedropwise over 1 h. This solution was then treated with asolution of pyrrolidine (19.8 g, 0.27 mol) in 30 mL oftoluene over a period of 30 m. The solution was allowed towarm to room temperature, filtered and the filtrateconcentrated in vacuo to give an oil that was purified byvacuum distillation through a 12" Vigeraux column to give20.7 g, 56%, bp 58 .degree. C. @ 0.6 mm, of pure product.
b) Butanediamide, N.sup.1 3- (4-fluorophenyl)methyl)!(1-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!- 1S 1R*(R*), 2S*!!- ##STR124##
A stirring solution of 1S- 1R*(R*), 2S*!!-N.sup.1 - 3- (4-fluorophenyl)methyl!amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)aminobutanediamide(1.08 g, 1.91 mmol) (prepared as in Example31) in 7 mL of anhydrous DMF was treated with pyrrolidinecarbamoyl chloride (2 60 mg, 1.95 mmol),4-dimethylaminopyridine (15 mg), and N-methylmorpholine (380 mg, 3.76 mmol). The solution was stirred at roomtemperature for 3 h and then concentrated in vacuo to give asemi-solid that was dissolved in methanol/water ca. 2:1. Asolid formed from this solid that was isolated by filtrationon a Buchner funnel and washed with water, 5% aq. citricacid and water and air dried to give 130 mg, 11% of pureproduct, TLC on SiO.sub.2 eluting with 7% methanol in ethylacetate showed one spot with R.sub.f =0.64.
c) Butanediamide, N.sup.1 3- (4-fluorophenyl)methyl)!(4-morpholinylcarbonyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!- 1S 1R*(R*), 2S*!!- ##STR125##
To a stirring solution of 1S- 1R*(R*),2S*!!-N.sup.1 - 3- (4-fluorophenyl)methyl!amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)aminobutanediamide(520 mg, 0,922 mmol), triethylamine (172 mg,1.70 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (50 mg), and morpholinocarbamoyl chloride (157.3 mg, 1.05 mmol) in 5 mL ofchloroform. The initially heterogeneous mixture was heatedto reflux for 6 h. The solution was then diluted withadditional chloroform, poured into a separatory funnel andwashed with 1N KHSO.sub.4, sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3, dried over anhyd.MgSO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give a whitesolid that was purified by column chromatography on SiO.sub.2 eluting with ethanol/ethyl acetate to give 380 mg, 61%, ofpure product.
EXAMPLE 21
This example illustrates preparation of compoundswherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are both other than H.
Butanediamide, N.sup.1 3- (diethylamino)carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!- 1S- 1R* (R*),2S*!!- ##STR126##
To a stirring solution of 1S- 1R*(R*),2S*!!-N.sup.1 - 3-(methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino-butane diamide!(119 mg, 0.21 mmol) triethylamine (59 mg, 0.58 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine(9 mg), and diethyl carbamoyl chloride (157.3 mg,1.05 mmol) in 4 mL of chloroform. The mixture was kept atroom temperature for 26 h. The solution was then dilutedwith additional chloroform, poured into a separatory funneland washed with 1N KHSO.sub.4, sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3, dried over anhyd.MgSO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give a whitesolid that was purified by column chromatography on SiO.sub.2 eluting with methanol/CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 to give 20 mg, 15%, of pureproduct.
EXAMPLE 22
Following the procedures set forth in Examples 20 and 21, the compounds listed in Table 11 were
TABLE 11______________________________________ ##STR127## ##STR128## ##STR129##CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 N(CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 N(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 N(CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2).sub.2CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 N(CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 N(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR130## ##STR131## N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR132## N(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR133## ##STR134## ##STR135## ##STR136## ##STR137## N(CH.sub.3) (t-Bu) ##STR138## ##STR139## ##STR140## ##STR141## ##STR142## ##STR143## ##STR144## ##STR145## ##STR146## ##STR147## ##STR148## ##STR149## ##STR150## ##STR151## ##STR152## ##STR153##______________________________________
EXAMPLE 23
3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl(3-methylbutyl)amino-2(R)-hydroxy-1(S)-(phenylmethyl!propylamine
This example illustrates preparation of compoundswherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group other than an alkyl group of anaturally occurring amino acid side chain.
Part A:
3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino-2(R)-hydroxy-1(S)- N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)(phenylmethyl()propyl amine! (4.7 gm, c 9.7 mmol) was combined with 10% Pd on carbon (200 mg) and conc.HCl (3 mL) in ethanol (35 mL) and hydrogenated at 50 psi ofhydrogen for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was filtered throughdiatomaceous earth and concentrated on a rotary evaporator toa yellow hygroscopic solid; 3.7 gm, 100%.
Part B:
Butaneamide, 2-(phenylmethyloxycarbonyl)amino!-N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl-3,3-dimethyl- 1S-1R*(R*),25*!!-
N-Cbz-L-tert-leucine (172 mg, 0.65 mmol) andN-hydroxybenzotriazole (100 mg, 0.65 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) wascooled to 0.degree. C. and EDC (115 mg, 0.60 mmol) added. After 45 min the amine from Part A (193 mg, 0.50 mmol) andN-methylmorpholine (60 uL, 0.55 mmol) were added. Thereaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h andpoured into a solution of 50% saturated NaHCO.sub.3 (25 mL). Thesolid was collected by suction filtration, washed with waterand dried in-vacuo. The solid was chromatographed on SiO.sub.2 using 2% MeOH in CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2. The appropriate fractions werepooled and concentrated to afford a white solid; 220 mg,MH.sup.+ 597, TLC (SiO.sub.2 2% MeOH/CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2) R.sub.f =0.2. CHN requires:C, 68.42, H, 8.78, N, 9.39; found: C, 68.03, H, 8.83, N,9.33.
Part C:
Butaneamide, 2-amino-N- -3- 1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino)-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethylpropyl!-3,3-dimethyl-, 1S- 1R*(R*),2S*!-
The product from Part B (570 mg, 0.95 mmol) and 4%Pd on carbon (150 mg) in ethanol (30 mL) was hydrogenated at5 psi for 2.75 h. The reaction mixture was filtered throughdiatomaceous earth and concentrated on a rotary evaporatorto an oil; 438 mg, 100%.
Part D:
Butaneamide, 2-(acetylamino)-N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-3,3-dimethyl-, 1S- 1R*(R*),2S*!-
The product from Part C (206 mg, 0.41 mmol) andN-methylmorpholine (45 uL, 0.41 mmol) were dissolved inCH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (2.5 mL) and cooled to 0 C. Acetic anhydride (39 uL,0.41 mmol) was then added and the reaction stirred 30 min at0 C., then allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirfor 30 min. The solvent was removed on a rotary evaporatorand the residue dissolved in ethanol (2 mL). The ethanolicsolution was slowly poured into 50% saturated NaHCO.sub.3 (20 mL) and stirred vigorously. The solid was collected bysuction filtration and washed with water, 5% citric acid,and again with water; 157 mg, 75%. CHN/1.5 H.sub.2 O requires: C63.24, H, 9.67, N, 10.54; found:C, 63.40, H, 9,41, N, 10.39.
Butaneamide, 2-amino-N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-3,3-dimethyl-, 1S- 1R*(R*),2S*!-was also capped with the acyl groups shown in Table 12 utilizing generally the procedure set forth
TABLE 12______________________________________Acyl Group (R)______________________________________benzyloxycarbonyltert-butoxycarbonylacetyl2-quinoylcarbonylphenoxyacetylbenzoylmethyloxaloylpivaloyltrifluoracetylbromoacetylhydroxyacetylmorpholinylacetylN,N-dimethylaminoacetylN-benzylaminoacetylN-phenylaminoacetylN-benzyl-N-methylaminoacetylN-methyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminoacetylN-methylcarbamoyl3-methylbutyrylN-isobutylcarbamoylsuccinoyl (3-carboxypropionyl)carbamoylN-isobutylamino acetylN,N-diethylamino acetylN-(2-methoxyethyl)aminoacetylN-(S-.alpha.-methylbenzyl) aminoacetylN-(R-.alpha.-methylbenzyl) amino acetylN-(S-2-tetralin)amino acetylN-(R-2-teralin)amino acetylN-pyrrolidinylacetylN-methyl-N-(2-pyridylethyl)amino acetylN-tetrahydroisoquinolylaminoacetylN-p-methoxybenzylamino acetyl______________________________________
EXAMPLE 24A
The procedure described below illustratespreparation of compounds of Formula III.Propanamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl-3-(2-phenylethylsulfonyl)-, 1S- 1R*(R*),2S*!! andits diastereomer.
Part A:
A solution of methyl methacrylate (7.25 g, 72.5 mmol) and phenethyl mercaptan (10.0 g, 72.5 mmol) in 100 mL of methanol was cooled in an ice bath and treated withsodium methoxide (100 mg, 1.85 mmol). The solution wasstirred under nitrogen for 3 h and then concentrated invacuo to give an oil that was taken up in ether and washedwith 1N aqueous potassium hydrogen sulfate, saturatedaqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated to give 16.83 g, 97.5%of methyl 2-(R,S)-methyl-4-thia-6-phenyl hexanoate as anoil. TLC on SiO.sub.2 eluting with 20:1 hexane:ethyl acetate(v:v) R.sub.f =0.41.
Part B:
A solution of methyl 2-(R,S)-methyl-4-thia-6-phenylhexanoate (4.00 g, 16.8 mmol) in 100 mL ofdichloromethane was stirred at room temperature andtreated portion wise with meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid(7.38 g, 39.2 mmol) over approximately 40 m. The solutionwas stirred at room temperature for 16 h and then filteredand the filtrate washed with saturated aqueous sodiumbicarbonate, 1N sodium hydroxide, saturated aqueous sodiumchloride, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated to give 4.50 g, 99% of desiredsulfone. The unpurified sulfone was dissolved in 100 mLof tetrahydrofuran and treated with a solution of lithiumhydroxide (1.04 g, 24.5 mmol) in 40 mL of water. Thesolution was stirred at room temperature for 2 m and thenconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was then acidifiedwith 1N aqueous potassium hydrogen sulfate to pH=1 andthen extracted three times with ethyl acetate. Thecombined ethyl acetate solution was washed with saturatedaqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate, filtered and concentrated to give a white solid.The solid was taken up in boiling ethyl acetate/hexane andallowed to stand undisturbed whereupon white needlesformed that were isolated by filtration and air dried togive 3.38 g, 79% of 2-(R,S)-methyl-3(.beta.-phenethylsulfonyl)propionicacid, mp 91.degree.-93.degree. C.
Part C:
A solution of 2-(R,S)-methyl-3(.beta.-phenethylsulfonyl)-propionicacid (166.1 mg, 0.65 mmol),N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT) (146.9 mg, 0.97 mmol), and1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride (EDC) (145.8 mg, 0.75 mmol) in 4 mL ofanhydrous dimethylformamide (DMF) cooled to 0.degree. C. andstirred under nitrogen for 0.5 h. This solution was thentreated with 3- (dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino-2(R)-hydroxy-1(S)-(phenylmethyl)propylamine (201.9 mg, 0.59 mmol) and stirred at roomtemperature for 16 h. The solution was poured into 30 mLof 60% saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. Theaqueous solution was then decanted from the organicresidue. The organic residue was taken up indichloromethane and washed with 10% aqueous citric acid,brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filteredand concentrated to give 110.0 mg, 32% of (2R,3S)-3- N-2-(R)-methyl-3-(.beta.-phenethylsulfonyl)propionyl!amido-1-isoamyl-1-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)amino-4-phenyl-2-butanoland (2R,3S)-3- N-2-(S)-methyl-3-(.beta.-phenethylsulfonyl)propionyl!amido-1-isoamyl-1-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)amino-4-phenyl-2-butanol, FAB mass spectrum (MH+)=588. Flashchromatography of the mixture on silica gel eluting with1:1 hexane:ethyl acetate afforded the separateddiastereomers.
EXAMPLE 24B
Propanamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)- 1S- 1R*(R*),2S*!!, and itsdiastereomer.
Part A:
A solution of methyl 2-(bromomethyl)-acrylate(26.4 g, 0.148 mol) in 100 mL of methanol was treated withsodium methanesulfinate (15.1 g, 0. 148 mol) portion wiseover 10 m at room temperature. The solution was thenstirred at room temperature for a period of 1.25 h and thesolution concentrated in vacuo. The residue was thentaken up in water and extracted four times with ethylacetate. The combined ethyl acetate solution was washedwith saturated sodium chloride, dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give awhite solid, 20.7 g which was taken up in boilingacetone/methyl tert-butyl ether and allowed to standwhereupon crystals of pure methyl 2-(methylsulfonylmethyl)acrylate 18.0 g, 68% formed, mp 65.degree.-68.0.degree. C.
Part B:
A solution of methyl 2-(methylsulfonylmethyl)acrylate (970 mg, 5.44 mmol) in 15 mL of tetrahydrofuranwas treated with a solution of lithium hydroxide (270 mg,6.4 mmol) in 7 mL of water. The solution was stirred atroom temperature for 5m and then acidified to pH=1 with1N aqueous potassium hydrogen sulfate and the solutionextracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combinedethyl acetate solution was dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give 793 mg, 89% of2-(methylsulfonylmethyl) acrylic acid, mp 147.degree.-149.0.degree. C.
Part C:
A solution of 2-(methylsulfonylmethyl) acrylicacid (700 mg, 4.26 nmol) in 20 mL of methanol was chargedinto a Fisher-Porter bottle along width 10% palladium oncarbon catalyst under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reactionvessel was sealed and flushed five times with nitrogen andthen five times with hydrogen. The pressure wasmaintained at 50 psig for 16 h and then the hydrogen wasreplaced with nitrogen and the solution filtered through apad of celite to remove the catalyst and the filtrateconcentrated in vacuo to give 682 mg 96% of 2-(R,S)-methyl-3-methylsulfonyl propionic acid.
Part D:
A solution of 2-(R,S)-methyl-3(methylsulfonyl)propionicacid (263.5 mg, 1.585 mmol), N-hydroxybenzotriazole(HOBT) (322.2 mg, 2.13 mmol), and1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride (EDC) (339.1 mg, 1.74 mmol) in 4 mL ofanhydrous dimethylformamide (DMF) cooled to 0.degree. C. andstirred under nitrogen for 0.5 h. This solution was thentreated with 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino-2(R)-hydroxy-I(S)-(phenylmethyl)propylamine (543.5 mg, 1.58 mmol) and stirred at roomtemperature for 16 h. The solution was poured into 60 mLof 60% saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. Theaqueous solution was then decanted from the organicresidue. The organic residue was taken up indichloromethane and washed with 10% aqueous citric acid,brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filteredand concentrated to give 471.8 mg, 60% of Propanamide,N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)-, 1S- 1R*(R*),2S*!!- and itsdiastereomer.
EXAMPLE 25
Preparation of Sulfone Inhibitors From L-(+)-S-acetyl-.beta.-mercaptoisobutyricAcid
Part A:
Promanamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl-3-S-acetyl)- 1S- 1R*),2S*!!-.
A round-bottomed flask was charged with (2R,3R)-3-amino-1-isoamyl-1-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)amino-4-phenyl-2-butanol(901.5 mg, 2.575 mmol), L-(+)-S-acetyl-b-mercaptoisobutyricacid (164.5 mg, 2.575 mmol), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride(EDC) (339.1 mg, 1.74 mmol), and 10 mL of CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 andallowed to stir at room temperature for 16 h. Thesolution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue takenup in ethyl acetate, washed with 1N KHSO.sub.4 sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3,brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered andconcentrated to give an oil that was purified by radialchromatography on SiO.sub.2 eluting with ethyl acetate to givethe pure product, 800 mg, 63%.
Part B:
Propanamide, N- 3- 1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl-3-mercapto)-, 1S- 1R*(R*),2S*!!-.
A solution of 1S- 1R*(R*),2S*!!-N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl-3-S-acetyl)propanamide(420 mg, 0.85 mmol) in 10 mL of methanol wastreated with anhydrous ammonia for ca. 1 m at 0.degree. C. Thesolution was stirred at that temperature for 16 h and thenconcentrated in vacuo to give 380 mg, 99%, of the desiredproduct that was used directly in the next step withoutfurther purification.
Part C:
Propanamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl-3-S-methyl-, 1S- 1R*(R*),2S*!!-.
A solution of 1S- 1R*(R*),2S*!!-N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl-3-mercapto)propanamide(380 mg, 0.841 mmol) in 10 mL of dry tolueneunder nitrogen was treated in rapid succession with 1,8-diazabicyclo 5.4.0!undec-7-ene, (DBU), (128.1 mg. 0.841 mmol) and iodomethane (119.0 mg, 0.841 mmol). After 0.5 hat room temperature the reaction was found to be completeand the solution was diluted with ethyl acetate washedwith 1N KHSO.sub.4, sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3, brine. After the solutionwas dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentratedin vacuo the desired product was obtained as white foamwas obtained, 370 mg, 94.5%, that was used directed in thenext step.
Part D:
Propanamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)-, 1S- 1R*(R*),2S*!!-.
A solution of 1S- 1R*(R*),2S*!!-N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl-3-S-methyl)propanamide(340 mg, 0.73 mmol) and sodium perborate (500 mg, 3.25 mmol) in 30 mL of glacial acetic acid was warmedto 55.degree. C. for 16 h. The solution was concentrated in vacuoand then the residue taken up in ethyl acetate, washedwith water, sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3, brine, dried over anhydrousMgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated to give the desiredproduct as a white solid, 350 mg, 96%.
EXAMPLE 26
The compounds shown in Tables 13A and 13B wereprepared generally according to the procedure set forth inExamples 24 and
TABLE 13A______________________________________ ##STR154##R'______________________________________CH.sub.3CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2PhCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2PhCH.sub.2Ph(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CHHOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 ##STR155## ##STR156## ##STR157##CH.sub.2CHCH.sub.2______________________________________
TABLE 13B______________________________________ ##STR158## R' R.sub.1______________________________________ CH.sub.3 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH.sub.3 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.3______________________________________
EXAMPLE 27
Preparation of 2(S)-methyl-3-methylsulfonyl)propionicAcid
To a solution of 10 g of D-(-)-S-benzoyl-b-mercaptioisobutyricacid t-butyl ester in 20 mL of methanolwas bubbled in gaseous ammonia at 0.degree. C. The reaction wasallowed to then warm to room temperature, stirred overnightand concentrated under reduced pressure. The resultingmixture of a solid (benzamide) and liquid was filtered toprovide 5.21 g of a pale oil which then solidified. Thiswas identified as 2(S)-methyl-3-mercaptopropionic aidt-butyl ester.
To a solution of 5.21 g of 2(S)-methyl-3-mercaptopropionicacid t-butyl ester in 75 mL of toluene at0.degree. C. was added 4.50 g of 1,8-diazabicyclo 5.40!undec-7-eneand 1.94 mL of methyl iodide. After stirring at roomtemperature for 2.5 hours, the volatiles were removed,ethyl acetate added, washed with dilute hydrochloric acid,water, brine, dried and concentrated to afford 2.82 g of apale oil, identified as 2(S)-methyl-3-(thiomethyl)propionicacid t-butyl ester.
To a solution of 2.82 g of 2(S)-methyl-3-(thiomethyl)propionicacid t-butyl ester in 50 mL of aceticacid was added 5.58 g of sodium perborate and the mixtureheated to 55.degree. C. for 17 hours. The reaction was poured intowater, extracted with methylene chloride, washed withaqueous sodium bicarbonate, dried and concentrated toafford 2.68 g of 2(S)-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)propionicacid t-butyl ester as a white solid.
To 2.68 g of 2(S)-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)propionicacid t-butyl ester was added 20 mL of 4Nhydrochloric acid/dioxane and the mixture stirred at roomtemperature for 19 hours. The solvent was removed underreduced pressure to afford 2.18 g of crude product, whichwas recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexane to yield 1.44 gof 2(S)-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)propionic acid as whitecrystals.
EXAMPLE 28
This example illustrates preparation ofcompounds wherein t is 1.
4-N-benzyl itaconamide. ##STR159##
A 500 mL three necked round bottomed flaskequipped with a dropping funnel, mechanical stirrer,nitrogen inlet and reflux condenser was charged withitaconic anhydride (33.6 g, 0.3 mol) and 150 mL of toluene.This solution was added a solution of benzylamine (32.1 g,0.3 mol) in 50 mL of toluene dropwise over 30 m at roomtemperature. The solution was stirred at this temperaturean additional 3 h and then the solid product isolated byfiltration on a Buchner funnel. The crude product, 64.6 g98%, was recrystallized from 300 mL of isopropyl alcohol togive after two CROPS 52.1 g, 79% of pure product, mp 149.degree.-150.degree. C.
2(R)-Methyl 4-N-benzyl succinamide. ##STR160##
A large Fisher-Porter bottle was charged withthe acid from the above reaction (10.95 g, 0.05 mol),rhodium (R,R)-DiPAMP (220 mg, 0.291 mmol) and 125 mL ofdegassed methanol. The solution was then hydrogenated at40 psig for 16 h at room temperature. After the hydrogenuptake ceased, the vessel was opened and the solutionconcentrated in vacuo to give a yellow solid, 11.05 g, 100%.The product was then taken up in absolute ethanol andallowed to stand whereupon crystals of the desired productformed, 7.98 g, 72%, mp 127.degree.-129 .degree. C. .alpha.!.sub.D @ 25.degree. C.=+14.9.degree. (c=1.332, EtOH), .sup.1 H nmr (CDCl.sub.3) 300 MHz 7.30(m, 5H),6.80(brs, 1H), 4.41(d, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.94(m, 1H), 2.62(dd,J=8.1, 14.9 Hz, 1H), 2.33(dd, J=5.5, 14.9 Hz, 1H), 1.23(d,J=7.2 Hz, 3H).
4-N(4-methoxybenzyl)itaconamide . ##STR161##
A 500 mL three necked round bottomed flaskequipped with a dropping funnel, mechanical stirrer,nitrogen inlet and reflux condenser was charged withitaconic anhydride (44.8 g, 0.4 mol) and 150 mL of toluene.This solution was added a solution of 4-methoxybenzylamine(54.8 g, 0.4 mol) in 50 mL of toluene dropwise over 30 m atroom temperature. The solution was stirred at thistemperature an additional 2 h and then the solid productisolated by filtration on a Buchner funnel. The crudeproduct was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/ethanol togive after two crops 64.8 g, 65% of pure product, mp 132.degree.-134.degree. C., .sup.1 H nmr (CDCl.sub.3) 300 MHz 7.09(d, J=9.1 Hz, 2H), 6.90(brt,J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 6.74(d, J=9.1 Hz, 2H), 6.22(s, 1H), 5.69(s,1H), 4.24(d, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 3.69(s, 3H), 3.15(s, 2H). .sup.13 Cnmr (CDCl.sub.3) 170.52, 169.29, 159.24, 135.61, 131.08, 129.37,128.97, 114.36, 55.72, 43.37, 40.58.
2(R)-Methyl 4-N(4-methoxybenzyl)succinamide. ##STR162##
A large Fisher-Porter bottle was charged withthe acid from the above reaction (5.00 g, 0.02 mol),rhodium (R,R)-DiPAMP (110 mg, 0.146 mmol) and 50 mL ofdegassed methanol. The starting acid was not completelysoluble initially, but as the reaction progressed thesolution became homogeneous. The solution was thenhydrogenated an 40 psig for 16 h at room temperature. Afterthe hydrogen uptake ceased, the vessel was opened and thesolution concentrated in vacuo to give a yellow solid. Thecrude product was then taken up in ethyl acetate and washedthree times with sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3 solution. The combinedaqueous extracts were acidified to pH=1 with 3N HCl andthen extracted three times with ethyl acetate. Thecombined ethyl acetate extracts were washed with brine,dried over anhyd. MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated to givethe expected product as a white solid, 4.81 g, 95%. Thismaterial was recrystallized from a mixture of methyl ethylketone/hexane to give 3.80 g, 75% of pure product, .alpha.!.sub.D @ 25.degree. C.=+11.6.degree. (c=1.572, MeOH). .sup.1 H nmr (CDCl.sub.3) 300 MHz 11.9(brs,1H), 7.18(d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 6.82(d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 6.68(brt,J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.33(d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.77(s, 3H), 2.92(ddq,J=7.9, 5.4, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 2.60(dd, J=5.4, 15.0 Hz, 1H),2.30(dd, J=7.9, 15.0 Hz, 1H),1.22(d, J=7.3 Hz, 3H).
Butanediamide, N'- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-N-4-methoxyphenylmethyl-2methyl, 1S- 1R*(2R*),2S*!!- ##STR163##
A 50 mL round bottomed flask was charged with2(R)-methyl 4-N(4-methoxybenzyl)succinamide (588 mg, 2.35 mmol), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (511 mg, 3.34 mmol) and 6 mLof DMF. The solution was cooled to 0.degree. C. and treated with1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride(502 mg, 2.62 mmol) for 20 m. A solution of (2R,3S)-3-amino-1-(3-methylbutyl)-1- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl)-4-phenyl-2-butanol(782 mg,2.24 mmol) in 2 mL of DMF was added and the solutionstirred at room temperature for a period of 24 h. Thesolution was concentrated in vacuo and poured into 50 mL of50% sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3, the aqueous phase was extracted withCH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2. The organic phase was washed with 5% citric acid,NaHCO.sub.3, brine, dried over anhyd. MgSO.sub.4, filtered andconcentrated to give an oil that was purified by radialchromatography on SiO.sub.2 eluting with hexane/ethyl acetate togive 790 mg, 59% of pure product as a white foam.
Butanediamide, N'- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-N-phenylmethyl-2-methyl, 1S- 1R*(2R*),2S*!!- ##STR164##
A 50 mL round bottomed flask was charged with2(R)-methyl 4-N-(benzyl)succinamide (243 mg, 1.1 mmol),N-hydroxybenzotriazole (213 mg, 1.39 mmol) and 3 mL of DMF.The solution was cooled to 0.degree. C. and treated with 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (228 mg, 1.17 mmol) for 20 m. A solution of (2R,3S)-3-amino-1-(3-methylbutyl)-1- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl)-4-phenyl-2-butanol (327 mg, 0.95 mmol) in 2 mL of DMF wasadded and the solution stirred at room temperature for aperiod of 24 h. The solution was concentrated in vacuo andpoured into 50 mL of 50% sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3, the aqueous phasewas extracted with CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2. The organic phase was washedwith 5% citric acid, NaHCO.sub.3, brine, dried over anhyd.MgSO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated to give an oil that waspurified by flash chromatography on SiO.sub.2 eluting withhexane/ethyl acetate to give 370 mg, 70% of pure product asa white foam.
EXAMPLE 29
Following the procedure generally as see forthin Example 28, as well as in Examples 31-45, the compoundsshown in Table 14 were
TABLE 14__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR165##R.sup.1 R.sup.30 R.sup.31 R.sup.32 X' R.sup.33 R.sup.34__________________________________________________________________________H H H H N H HH H H H O H --H H H H O CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.3 H H H N H HCH.sub.3 H H H O H --H H CH.sub.3 H N H HH H CH.sub.3 H O H --CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H H N H HCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H H O H --CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H H O CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 OCH.sub.3 --H H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 N H HH H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O H --H H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 OCH.sub.3 --CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 H N H HCH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 H N H CH.sub.3CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 H N CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 H O H --CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 H N H CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 OCH.sub.3OH H H H N H HOH H H H O H --H H OH H N H HH H OH H O H --CH.sub.2 H H H N H HCH.sub.2 C(O)NH.sub.2 H H H N H HCH.sub.2 C(O)NH.sub.2 H H H O H --CH.sub.2 C(O)NH.sub.2 H H H O CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 Ph H H H N H HCH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 N H HCH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 N H --CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O H CH.sub.3CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 N CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 30
Following the procedure generally as set forthin Example 28, as well as Examples 31-45, the compoundsshown in Table 15 were
TABLE 15______________________________________ ##STR166## ##STR167## ##STR168## ##STR169##______________________________________
EXAMPLE 31
Preparation of 3(S)- N-(2-quinolinylcarbonyl)-L-asparaginyl!amino-2(R)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutylamine, N-(3-methylbutyl)
Part A:
Preparation of N-3(S)-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)amino-2(R)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutylamine, N-(3-methylbutyl).A solution of 20 g (67 mmol) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-3(S)-amino-1,2-(S)-epoxy-4-phenylbutane in 140 mL of isopropylalcohol was treated with 83 g (952 mmol) of isoamylamine andrefluxed for one hour. The solution was cooled,concentrated, hexane added and the resulting solid filteredto afford 22.4 g of the desired product.
Part B:
Preparation of N-3(S)-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)amino-2(R)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutylamine, N-(3-methylbutyl)-N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl).To a solution of 22.4 g (58.3 mmol)of product from Part A above, 6.48 g (64.1 mmol) oftriethylamine and 150 mg of N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine in200 mL of tetrahydrofuran at 0.degree. C. was added 12.7 g (58.3 mmol) of di-t-butylpyrocarbonate in 10 mL of THF. After3.5 hours at room temperature, the volatiles were removed,ethyl acetate added and washed with 5% citric acid, sat'dNaHCO.sub.3, dried and concentrated to afford 30 g of crudeproduct. Chromatography on silica gel using 20% ethylacetate/hexane afforded 22.5 g (79%) of the desired product.
Part C:
Preparation of N-3(S)- N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-asparaginyl!amino-2(R)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutylamine, N-(3-methylbutyl)-N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl).A solution of 22.5 gof product from Part B above in 200 mL of ethanol washydrogenated over 5.9 g of 10% palladium-on-carbon under50 psig hydrogen for one hour. The catalyst was filteredand the solvent removed under reduced pressure to afford15.7 g of free amine. This was dissolved in 130 mL of DMFand 4.54 g (44.9 mmol) of N-methylmorpholine an added to amixture of 13.3 g (49.9 mmol) N-benzyloxy-carbonyl-L-asparagine,11.5 g (74.9 mmol) of N-hydroxybenzotriazole and10.5 g (54.9 mmol) of EDC in 120 mL of DMF at 0.degree. C., which hadbeen preactivated for one hour prior to the addition. Themixture was stirred for 2 hours at 0.degree. C. and then for 12 hours at room temperature. The reaction was poured into 1 Lof sat'd aqueous sodium bicarbonate, the solid collected,dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water, sat'd sodiumbicarbonate, 5% citric acid and brine, dried andconcentrated to afford 16.7 g of the desired product.
Part D:
Preparation of N-3(S)- N-(2-quinolinylcarbonyl)-L-asparaginyl!amino-2(R)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutylamine, N-(3-methylbutyl)-N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl).A solution of 16.7 g(28.0 mmol) of product from Part C in 250 mL of methanolwas hydrogenated over 6.0 g of 10% palladium-on-carbon andunder 50 psig hydrogen for one hour. The catalyst wasfiltered and the solution concentrated to afford 10.0 g offree amine. This was dissolved in 100 mL of methylenechloride, 4.35 g (43 mmol) of N-methylmorpholine was addedfollowed by 5.53 g (20.5 mmol) of quinoline-2-carboxylicacid, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. This was stirred at roomtemperature overnight, the solvent removed, ethyl acetateadded and washed with 5% citric acid, sat'd sodiumbicarbonate, brine, dried and concentrated to afford 14 g ofcrude product. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate andhexane afforded 10.5 g (83%) of desired product.
Part E:
Preparation of N-3(S)- N-(2-quinolinylcarbonyl)-L-asparaginyl!amino-2(R)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutylamine,N-(3-methylbutyl). To 80 mL of 4Nhydrochloric acid in dioxane was added 9.17 g (14.8 mmol) ofproduct from Part D above. After one hour, the productbecomes gummy. The solvents were removed, diethyl etheradded and removed and the residue dissolved in 20 mL ofmethanol. This solution was added to 400 mL of sat'daqueous sodium bicarbonate, the solids collected, washedwith acetone and hexane and dried in vacuo over P.sub.2 O.sub.5 toafford 4.75 g of the desired product.
EXAMPLE 32A
Preparation of Benzyl 2,2,3(R)-trimethylsuccinate
Part A:
Preparation of Methyl (S)-lactate, 2-methoxy-2-propylether. To a mixture of methyl (S)-(-)-lactate(13.2 g, 100 mmol) and, 2-methoxypropene (21.6 g,300 mmol) in CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (150 ml) was added POCl.sub.3 (7 drops) atr.t. and the resulting mixture was stirred at thistemperature for 16 hours. After the addition of Et.sub.3 (10 drops), the solvents were removed in vacuo to give 20.0 g of(98%) desired product.
Part B:
Preparation of 2(S)-hydroxypropanal, 2-methoxy-2-propyl ether. To a solution of compound from Part A(20.0 g) in CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (100 ml) was added DIBAL (65 ml of 1.5Msolution in toluene, 97.5 mmol) dropwise at -78.degree. C. for 45 min., then stirring was continued at the temperature foranother 45 min. To this cold solution was added MeOH(20 ml), saturated NaCl solution (10 ml) and allowed thereaction mixture to warm up to r.t. and diluted with ether(200 ml), MgSO.sub.4 (150 g) was added and stirred for another 2 h. The mixture was filtered and the solid was washed twicewith ether. The combined filtrates were rotavaped toafford 11.2 g (78%) of the desired aldehyde.
Part C:
Preparation of 2(S)-hydroxy-cis-3-butene, 2-methoxy-2-propyl ether. To a suspension ofethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (28 g, 75.5 mmol) in THF(125 ml) was added KN (TMS).sub.2 (15.7 g, 95%, 75 mmol) inportions at 0.degree. C. and stirred for 1 h at the temperature.This red reaction mixture was cooled to -78.degree. C. and to thiswas added a solution of aldehyde from Part B (11 g, 75 mmol)in THF (25 ml). After the addition was completed, theresulting reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to r.t.and stirred for 16 h. To this mixture was added saturatedNH.sub.4 Cl (7.5 ml) and filtered through a pad of celite with athin layer of silica gel on the top. The solid was washedtwice with ether. The combined filtrates were concentratedin vacuo to afford 11.5 g of crude product. Thepurification of crude product by flash chromatography(silica gel, 10:1 Hexanes/EtoAc) affording 8.2 g (69%) purealkene.
Part D:
Preparation of 2(S)-hydroxy-cis-3-butene. Amixture of alkene from Part C (8.2 g) and 30% aqueous aceticacid (25 ml) was stirred at r.t. for 1 hour. To thismixture was added NaHCO.sub.3 slowly to the pH.about.7, thenextracted with ether (10 ml.times.5). The combined ethersolutions were dried (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4) and filtered. The filtratewas distilled to remove the ether to give 2.85 g (64%) purealcohol, m/e=87(M+H).
Part E:
Preparation of 2,2,3-trimethyl-hex-(trans)-4-enoicacid. To a mixture of alcohol from Part D (2.5 g, 29 mmol) and pyridine (2.5 ml) in CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (60 ml) was addedisobutyryl chloride (3.1 g, 29 mmol) slowly at 0.degree. C. Theresulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 hours thenwashed with H.sub.2 O (30 ml.times.2) and sat. NaCl (25 ml). Thecombined organic phases were dried (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4), concentratedto afford 4.2 g (93%) ester 2(S)-hydroxy-cis-3-butenylisobutyrate. This ester was dissolved in THF (10 ml) andwas added to a 1.0M LDA soln. (13.5 ml of 2.0M LDA solutionin THF and 13.5 ml of THF) slowly at -78.degree. C. The resultingmixture was allowed to warm up to r.t. and stirred for 2 hand diluted with 5% NaOH (40 ml). The organic phase wasseparated, the aqueous phase was washed with Et.sub.2 O (10 ml).The aqueous solution was collected and acidified with 6NHCl to pH.about.3. The mixture was extracted with ether (30 ml.times.3). The combined ether layers were washed with sat. NaCl(25 ml), dried (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4) and concentrated to afford 2.5 g(60%) of desired acid, m/e=157 (M+H).
Part F:
Preparation of benzyl 2,2,3(S)-trimethyl-trans-4-hexenoate. A mixture of acid from Part E (2.5 g, 16 mmol),BnBr (2.7 g, 15.8 mmol), K.sub.2 CO.sub.3 (2.2 g, 16 mmol), NaI (2.4 g)in acetone (20 ml) was heated at 75.degree. C. (oil bath) for 16 h.The acetone was stripped off and the residue was dissolvedin H.sub.2 O (25 ml) and ether (35 ml). The ether layer wasseparated, dried (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4) and concentrated to afford 3.7 g(95%) of benzyl ester, m/e=247 (M+H).
Part G:
Preparation of benzyl 2,2,3(R)-trimethylsuccinate.To a well-stirred mixture of KMnO.sub.4 (5.4 g, 34, 2 mmol), H.sub.2 O (34 ml), CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (6 ml) andbenzyltriethylammonium chloride (200 mg) was added asolution of ester from Part F (2.1 g, 8.54 mmol) and aceticacid (6 ml) in CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (28 ml) slowly at 0.degree. C. The resultingmixture was stirred at the temperature for 2 h then r.t.for 16 h. The mixture was cooled in an ice-water bath, tothis was added 6N HCl (3 ml) and solid NaHSO.sub.3 in portionsuntil the red color disappeared. The clear solution wasextracted with CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (30 ml.times.3). The combined extractswere washed with sat. NaCl solution, dried (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4) andconcentrated to give an oil. This oil was dissolved inEt.sub.2 O (50 ml) and to this was added sat. NaHCO.sub.3 (50 ml).The aqueous layer was separated and acidified with 6N HClto pH.about.3 then extracted with Et.sub.2 O (30 ml.times.3). Thecombined extracts were washed with sat. NaCl solution (15 ml), dried (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4) and concentrated to afford 725 mg (34%)of desired acid, benzyl 2,2,3(R)-trimethylsuccinate,m/e=251(M+H).
EXAMPLE 32B
Part A:
Preparation of Butanediamide, N.sup.1 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2,3,3-trimethyl- 1S-, 1R*(2S*),2S*!!-
To a well-stirred solution of benzyl 2,2,3(R)-trimethylsuccinate(225 mg, 0.9 mmol) in DMF (1.0 ml) wasadded HOBt (230 mg, 1.5 mmol). The clear reaction mixturewas then cooled to 0.degree. C., to this was added EDC (210 mg, 1.1 mmol) and stirred for 1 h at the temperature. To this coldmixture was added a powder of the butanol of Example 28 used to prepare the butaneamide therein, (350 mg, 1.0 mmol)and DMF (0.5 ml). The resulting reaction mixture wasstirred for 2 h at 0.degree. C. and 16 h at r.t. After the removalof DMF (.ltoreq.40.degree. C.), a solution of 60% sat. NaHCO.sub.3 (10 ml) wasadded. This mixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 ml.times.2).The extracts were combined and washed with sat. NaHCO.sub.3 (10 ml.times.2), 5% citric acid (10 ml.times.2), H.sub.2 O (10 ml), sat. NaCl(10 ml) and dried (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4) then concentrated to afford 512 mg (98%) of 4- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!amino!-2,2,3-trimethyl-4-oxo, 1S- 1R*(3S*),2S*!!-benzyl ester asa white solid, m/e=582 (M+H).
Part B:
A mixture of benzyl ester from Part A (480 mg,0.825 mmol), 10% Pd/C (450 mg) in MeOH (25 ml) washydrogenated (H.sub.2, 50 psi) for 1/2 h at r.t. The mixturewas filtered and the solid was washed with MeOH (10 ml).The collected filtrates were concentrated to afford a crudeacid as a white solid. The crude acid was dissolved inEt.sub.2 O-EtOAc (10:1, 25 ml) and the solution was washed withsat. NaHCO.sub.3 (25 ml) then 5% NaOH (10 ml). The combinedaqueous layers were cooled to 0.degree. C. and acidified withconcentrated HCl no pH.about.1 then extracted with Et.sub.2 O-EtOAC(10:1, 25 ml.times.3). The combined extracts were washed withsat. NaCl (15 ml ), dried (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4) and concentrated toafford 307 mg (75.7%) of pure Butanoic acid, 4- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!amino!-2,2,3-trimethyl-4-oxo-, 1S- l R*(3S*),2S*!!-, as a white solid, m/e=491 (M+H).
Part C:
Butanoic acid, 4- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!amino!-2,2,3-trimethyl-4-oxo-, 1S- 1R*(3S*),2S*!!-, as a white solid, m/e=491 (M+H).
To a well-stirred solution of the acid from PartB (245 mg, 0.5 mmol) in DMF (0.5 ml) was added HOBt (153 mg, 1.0 mmol) and EDC (143 mg, 0.75 mmol) at 0.degree. C. Afterstirring at 0.degree. C. for 2 h, NH.sub.4 OH (0.63 ml of 28% NH.sub.4 OH, 5 mmol) was added and stirred at 0.degree. C. for 2 h, r.t. for 16 h.The removal of DMF (.ltoreq.40.degree. C.) gave a white solid. Thepurification of the crude product by flash chromatography(silica gel, 5% MeOH/CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 ) gave 172 mg (70%) of pureamide as a white solid, m/e=491 (M+H).
EXAMPLE 33
Preparation of methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-methyl succinate, (R)and (S) isomers.
Part A:
Preparation of methyl 2,2-dimethyl -3-oxo-butanoate.A 250 ml RB flask equipped with magnetic stirbar and N.sub.2 inlet was charged with 100 ml dry THF and 4.57 g(180 mmol) of 95% NaH. The slurry was cooled to -20.degree. C. and10 g (87 mmol) methyl acetoacetate was added dropwisefollowed by 11.3 ml (181 mmol) CH.sub.3 I. The reaction wasstirred at 0.degree. C. for 2 hours and let cool to room temperatureovernight. The reaction was filtered to remove NaI anddiluted with 125 ml Et.sub.2 O. The organic phase was washedwith 1.times.100 mL 5% brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo toa dark golden oil that was filtered through a 30 g plug ofsilica gel with hexane. Concentration in vacuo yielded10.05 g of desired methyl ester, as a pale yellow oil,suitable for use without further purification.
Part B:
Preparation of methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-0-(trifluoromethanesulfonate)-but-3-enoate. A 250 ml RBflask equipped with magnetic stir bar and N.sub.2 inlet wascharged with 80 mL dry THF and 5.25 ml (37.5 mmol)diisopropylamine was added. The solution was cooled to-25.degree. C. (dry ice/ethylene glycol) and 15 ml (37.5 mmol) of2.5M n-BuLi in hexanes was added. After 10 minutes asolution of 5 g (35 mmol) 1 in 8 ml dry THF was added. Thedeep yellow solution was stirred at -20.degree. C. for 10 min. then12.4 g N-phenyl bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) (35 mmol)was added. The reaction was stirred @ -10.degree. C. for 2 hours,concentrated in vacuo and partioned between ethyl acetateand sat. NaHCO.sub.3. The combined organic phase was washedwith NaHCO.sub.3, brine and conc. to an amber oil that wasfiltered through 60 g silica gel plug with 300 mL 5% ethylacetate/hexane Conc. in vacuo yielded 9.0 g light yellow oilthat was diluted with 65 ml ethyl acetate and washed with2.times.50 ml 5% aq K.sub.2 CO.sub.3, 1.times.10 mL brine, dried over Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 andconc. in vacuo to yield 7.5 g (87%) vinyl triflate,(m/e=277 (M+H) suitable for use without furtherpurification.
Part C:
Preparation of methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-carboxyl-but-3-enoate. A 250 ml Fisher Porter bottle was chargedwith 7.5 g (27 mmol) of compound prepared in B, 50 ml dryDMF, 360 mg (1.37 mmol) triphenyl phosphine and 155 mg (.69 mmol) Pd(II)(OAc).sub.2. The reaction mixture was purged twicewith N.sub.2 then charged with 30 psi CO. Meanwhile a solutionof 20 ml dry DMF and 7.56 ml (54 mmol) NEt.sub.3 was cooled to0.degree. C. to this was added 2.0 g (43 mmol) of 99% formic acid.The mixture was swirled and added to the vented FisherPorter tube. The reaction vessel was recharged to 40 psiof CO and stirred 6 hours @ room temperature. The reactionmixture was concentrated in vacuo and partioned between100 mL of ethyl acetate and 75 mL 5% aq K.sub.2 CO.sub.3. The aqueousphase was washed with 1.times.40 mL additional ethyl acetate andthen acidified with conc. HCl/ice. The aqueous phase wasextracted with 2.times.70 mL of ethyl acetate and the organicswere dried and conc. to yield 3.5 g (75%) white crystals, mp72.degree.-75.degree. C., identified as the desired product (m/e=173 (M+H).
Part D:
Preparation of methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylsuccinate,isomer #1. A steel hydrogenation vesselwas charged with 510 mg (3.0 mmol) acrylic acid, from PartC, and 6 mg Ru (acac).sub.2 (R-BINAP) in 10 ml degassed MeOH.The reaction was hydrogenated at 50 psi/room temperaturefor 12 hours. The reaction was then filtered throughcelite and conc. to 500 mg clear oil which was shown to bea 93:7 mixture of isomer #1 and #2, respectively asdetermined by GC analysis using a 50M .beta.-cyclodextrincolumn: 150.degree. C.-15 min. then ramp 2.degree. C./min.; isomer #1,17.85 min., isomer #2, 18-20 min.
Part E:
Preparation of methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylsuccinate,Isomer #2. A steel hydrogenation vessel-was charged with 500 mg (2.9 mmol) acrylic acid, Part C,and 6 mg Ru(OAc) (acac) (S-BINAP) in 10 ml degassed MeOH.The reaction was hydrogenated at 50 psi/room temperaturefor 10 hours. The reaction was filtered through celite andconcentrated in vacuo to yield 490 mg of product as a 1:99 mixture of isomers #1 and #2, respectively, as determinedby chiral GC as above.
EXAMPLE 34
Preparation of 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!-(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2(R)-hydroxy-1(S)-(phenylmethyl)propylamine,1.
Part A:
To a solution of 75.0 g (0.226 mol) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone in amixture of 807 mL of methanol and 807 mL of tetrahydrofuranat -2.degree. C., was added 13.17 g (0.348 mol, 1.54 equiv.) of solidsodium borohydride over one hundred minutes. The solventswere removed under reduced pressure at 40.degree. C. and the residuedissolved in ethyl acetate (approx. 1 L). The solution waswashed sequentially with 1M potassium hydrogen sulfate,saturated sodium bicarbonate and then saturated sodiumchloride solution. After drying over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate and filtering, the solution was removed underreduced pressure. To the resulting oil was added hexane(approx. 1 L) and the mixture warmed to 60.degree. C. with swirling.After cooling to room temperature, the solids werecollected and washed with 2 L of hexane. The resultingsolid was recrystallized from hot ethyl acetate and hexaneto afford 32.3 g (43% yield) of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-3(S)-amino-1-chloro-4-phenyl-2(S)-butanol, mp 150.degree.-151.degree. C. andM+Li.sup.+ =340.
Part B:
To a solution of 6.52 g (0.116 mol, 1.2 equiv.) ofpotassium hydroxide in 968 mL of absolute ethanol at roomtemperature, was added 32.3 g (0.097 mol) of N-CBZ-3(S)-amino-1-chloro-4-phenyl-2(S)-butanol. After stirring for fifteenminutes the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and thesolids dissolved in methylene chloride. After washing withwater, drying over magnesium sulfate, filtering and stripping,one obtains 27.9 g of a white solid. Recrystallization fromhot ethyl acetate and hexane afforded 22.3 g (77% yield) ofN-benzyloxycarbonyl-3(S)-amino-1,2(S)-epoxy-4-phenylbutane, mp102.degree.-103.degree. C. and MH.sup.+ 298.
Part C:
A solution of N-benzyloxycarbonyl 3(S)-amino-1,2-(S)-epoxy-4-phenylbutane (30.1 g, 0.10 mol) and 165 mL ofisoamylamine in 150 mL of isopropyl alcohol was heated toreflux for 2.5 hours. The solution was cooled to roomtemperature, concentrated in vacuo and then recrystallized.The product was isolated by filtration and from ethylacetate/hexane to afford 31.7 g (81%) of N 3(S)-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2(R)-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl!N-isoamylamine.
Part D:
A solution of N 3(S)-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2(R)-hydroxy-4-phenyl butyl!, N-isoamylamine in 10 ml oftetrahydrofuran was treated with tert-butylisocyanate (267 mg, 2.70 mmol) at room temperature for 5 minutes. Thesolvent was removed in vacuo and replaced with ethylacetate. The ethyl acetate solution was washed with 5%citric acid, water, and brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO.sub.4,filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 1.19 g, 97% ofN-benzyloxycarbonyl-3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2(R)-hydroxy-1(S)-(phenylmethyl)propylamine,MH.sup.+ m/z=470.
Part E:
A solution of (37.3 g, 77 mmol) of product fromPart D in 100 mL of methanol was hydrogenated over 10%palladium-on-carbon for 4 hours to afford 26.1 g of thedesired product.
EXAMPLE 35
Preparation of Butanediamide, N- 3- 1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-, 1S- 1R*,2S*!!-
Part A:
To a solution of 102 mg (0.29 mmol) of Example 34 Part E and 70 mg (0.89 mmol) of pyridine in 2 mL ofmethylene chloride was added 29 mg (0.29 mmol) of succinicanhydride. After 2 hours, ethyl acetate was added and thenextracted with saturated NaHCO. The aqueous layer wasacidified, reextracted with ethyl acetate, washed withsaturated brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo to afford 78 mg (60%) of butanoicacid, 4- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!amino-4-oxo-, 1S- 1R*,2S*!-.
Part B:
The compound of Part A was activated withEDC and N-hydroxybenzotriazole in N,N-dimethylformamide andthen reacted with ammonia to generate the desired finalcompound.
EXAMPLE 36
Part A:
To a solution of 4.60 g (24.7 mmol) of trans-diethyl1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylate in 100 mL of 50:50 v:v tetrahydrofuran/waterwas added 1.24 g (29.6 mmol) of lithiumhydroxide. After 17 hours, the tetrahydrofuran was removed invacuo, the water layer washed with ethyl acetate, acidifiedwith 1N hydrochloric acid and reextracted with ethyl acetate.The organic layer was dried and stripped to afford 2.1 g ofcrude product. After recrystallization from diethylether/hexane and then methylene chloride/hexane one obtains1.1 g (28%) of trans-monoethyl 1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylate,m/e=159 (M+H).
Part B:
To a solution of 297 mg (1.87 mmol) of transmonoethyl1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylate and 429 mg (2.8 mmol) N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT) in 3 mL of anhydrousN,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at 0.degree. C. was added 394 mg (2.0 mmol) of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride (EDC). After 30 min. a solution of 591 mg(1.7 mmol) of product from Part A in 2 mL DMF and 171 mg(1.69 mmol) of N-methylmorpholine (NMM) was added. After2 hours at 0.degree. C., the reaction was stirred at RT overnight,poured into water, extracted with ethyl acetate, washedwith water, 5% aq. citric acid, sat'd NaHCO.sub.3, brine, driedover anhydride MgSO.sub.4 and stripped to afford 771 mg of crudeproduct. This was chromatographed on silica gel using5-20% methanol/methylene chloride to afford 670 mg (80%) ofcyclopropane carboxylic acid, 2- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!amino!carbonyl!-, ethylester; m/e=490 (M+H).
Part C:
To a solution of 658 mg (1.32 mmol) of productfrom Part B in 5 mL of 50:50 THF/water was added 66 mg(1.58 mmol) of lithium hydroxide. After 19 hours, the THFwas removed in vacuo, the water washed with ethyl acetate,acidified and reextracted with ethyl acetate. The secondorganic layer was dried and stripped to afford 328 mg (54%)of the corresponding acid, m/e=462 (M+H).
Part D:
To a solution of 304 mg (0.66 mmol) of productfrom Part C, 151 mg (0.99 mmol) HOBT in 2.2 mL DMF at 0.degree. C.was added 139 mg (0.73 mmol) EDC. After 30 min. at 0.degree. C.,1.1 mL of conc. aqueous ammonia was added. After stirringat 0.degree. C. for 2 hours and RT for 20 hours, the reaction waspoured into brine and extracted with ethyl acetate. Afterwashing with sat'd NaHCO.sub.3, brine, drying and stripping, oneobtains 141 mg of crude product. This was chromatographedon silica gel with 1-5% methanol/methylene chloride toafford 40 mg (13%) ofthe desired final product, m/e=561 (M+H).
EXAMPLE 37
Preparation of trans-but-2-enediamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-, 1S- 1R*,2S*!
Part A:
To a solution of 137 mg (0.95 mmol) fumaric acidmonoethyl ester in 1 mL of DMF at 0.degree. C. was added 183 mg(0.95 mmol) EDCl. After 15 minutes, a solution of 333 mg(0.95 mmol) of the compound of Example 34 Part E in 1 mLDMF was added and the reaction stirred for 14 hours at RT.Ethyl acetate was added and extracted with sat'd brine, 0.2 n HCl, sat'd NaHCO.sub.3, dried and stripped to afford 0.32 g ofcrude product. Chromatography on silica gel using 0-50%ethyl acetate/hexane afforded 0.26 g (58%) of but-2-enoicacid, 4- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!amino!-4-oxo-, 1S- 1R*,2S*!!-, ethyl ester, m/e=476 (M+H).
Part B:
To a solution of 26.6 mg (0.56 mmol) of productfrom Part A in 3 mL of 50:50 THF/water was added 34 mg(0.82 mmol) of lithium hydroxide and the reaction stirredat RT for 1 hour. The THF was removed in vacuo, theaqueous layer acidified with 1N HCl and extracted withethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine,dried and stripped to afford 233 mg (93%) of trans-but-2-enoicacid, 4- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!amino!-4-oxo-, 1S- 1R*,2S*!-, m/e=448 (M+H).
Part C:
To a solution of 225 mg (0.50 mmol) of theproduct from Part B in 1 mL of DMF was added 95 mg (0.50 mmol) EDC. After 15 minutes at RT, 0.50 mL of conc.aqueous ammonia was added and the reaction stirred for15 hours. Ethyl acetate was added and washed with 0.2NHCl, brine, dried and stripped to afford 170 mg of crudeproduce. After chromatography on silica gel using 0-40%methanol/methylene chloride, one obtains 50 mg (22%) oftrans-but-3-enediamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-, 1S- 1R*,2S*!-, m/e=447 (M+H).
EXAMPLE 38
Preparation of butanediamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-HYDROXY-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl-2-methyl-, 1S- l R*(2S*),2S*l -
Part A:
To a suspension of 24.7 g (0.22 mol) of itaconicanhydride in 100 mL of anhydrous toluene at reflux under anitrogen atmosphere was added dropwise over 30 minutes23.9 g (0.22 mol) of benzyl alcohol. The insoluble materialdissolved to provide a homogeneous solution which wasrefluxed for 1.5 hours. The solution was cooled to RT,then in an ice bath and the resulting white precipitatecollected by filtration to afford 24.8 g (51%) of 4-benzylitaconate.
Part B:
To a solution of 2.13 g (9.5 mmol) of the productfrom Part A in 12 mL of methylene chloride at 0.degree. C. was added4.02 g (29.1 mmol) of para-methoxybenzyl alcohol, 605 mg(4.95 mmol) of N,N-dimethyl 4-aminopyridine, 128 mg of N,N-dimethyl4-aminopyridine hydrochloride salt and then 2.02 g(4.7 mmol) dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). After stirringan 0.degree. C. for 1 hour and then RT for 2 hours, the precipitatewas collected and discarded. The filtrate was washed with0.5N HCl, sat'd NaHCO.sub.3, dried and stripped to afford 4.76 gof crude product. This was chromatographed on silica gelusing 0-50% ethyl acetate/hexane to afford 1.24 g of pure4'-methoxybenzyl-4-benzylitaconate.
Part C:
A solution of 1.24 g (3.65 mmol) of product fromPart B and 20 mg of (R,R)-Dipamp)cyclooctadienylrhodium!tetrafluoroborate in 30 mL of methanol was throughlydegassed, flushed with nitrogen and then hydrogen and thenstirred under 50 psig of hydrogen for 15 hours. Thesolution was filtered and stripped, dissolved in methylenechloride and washed with sat'd NaHCO.sub.3, dried and strippedto afford 0.99 g of a brown oil. This was then dissolved in40 mL of methylene chloride, 3 mL of trifluoroacetic acidadded and the solution stirred at RT for 3.5 hours. Waterwas added and separated and the organic layer extractedwith sat'd NaHCO.sub.3. The aqueous layer was acidified andreextracted with ethyl acetate, separated and the organiclayer washed with brine, dried and stripped to afford 320 mg (50%) of 2(R)-methyl-4-benzylsuccinic acid.
Part D:
To a solution of 320 mg (1.44 mmol) of productfrom Part C and 314 mg (2.05 mmol) HOBT in DMF at 0.degree. C. wasadded 303 mg (1.58 mmol) of EDC. After stirring for 30 minutes, a solution of 467 mg (1.34 mmol) of the productfrom Example 34, Part E in 4 mL of DMF was added. Afterstirring for 1 hour an 0.degree. C. and 14 hours at RT, ethylacetate was added and washed with sat'd NaHCO.sub.3, 5% aqueouscitric acid, dried and stripped to afford 0.97 g of crudeproduct. This was chromatographed on silica gel using0-10% ethyl acetate/hexane to afford 420 mg of purebutanoic acid, 4- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!amino!-3-methyl-4-oxo-, 1S- 1R*(3S*),2S*!-, benzyl ester.
Part E:
A solution of 150 mg (0.27 mmol) of product fromPart D in 15 mL of methanol was hydrogenated over 10%palladium on carbon under 50 psig hydrogen for 17 hours.The reaction was filtered and stripped to afford 125 mg(100%) of butanoic acid, 4- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!amino!-3-methyl-4-oxo-, 1S- 1R*(3S*),2S*!-.
Part F:
To a solution of 125 mg (0.27 mmol) of productfrom Part E and 65 mg (0.42 mmol) of HOBT in 5 mL of DMF at0.degree. C. was added 59 mg (0.31 mmol) of EDC. After 30 min. at0.degree. C., 1 mL of conc. aqueous ammonia was added. Afterstirring at 0.degree. C. for 2 hours and RT for 15 hours, ethylacetate was added and washed with sat'd NaHCO.sub.3, 5% aqueouscitric acid, dried and stripped to afford 90 mg of crudeproduct. This was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexaneto afford 40 mg (32%) of pure butanediamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl, 1S- 1R*(2S*),2S*!-.
EXAMPLE 39
Preparation of butanediamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl, 1S- 1R*(2R*),2S*!-
Part A:
A solution of 1.41 g (4.1 mmol) of 4-methoxybenzyl4-benzylitaconate and 25 mg of (S,S-Dipamp)cyclooctadienylrhodium!tetrafluoroborate in 20 mL ofmethanol was thoroughly degassed, flushed with nitrogen andthen hydrogen and then stirred under 40 psig hydrogen for72 hours. The solution was filtered and concentrated toprovide 1.34 g of a brown oil. This was dissolved in 40 mLof methylene chloride and 3 mL of trifluoroacetic acid wasadded. After stirring for 4 hours, water was added,separated and the organic layer extracted with sat'dNaHCO.sub.3. The aqueous layer was separated, reacidified,extracted with ethyl acetate which was separated, washedwith brine, dried and stripped to afford 440 mg of 2(S)-methyl-4-benzylsuccinic acid.
Part B:
To a solution of 440 mg (1.98 mmol) of theproduct from Part A and 437 mg (2.86 mmol) of HoBT in 9 mLof DMF at 0.degree. C. was added 427 mg (2.23 mmol) of EDCl. After30 minutes at 0.degree. C., a solution of 653 mg (1.87 mmol) of theproduct from Example 34, Part E in 3 mL DMF was added.After 1 hour at 0.degree. C. and 15 hours at RT, ethyl acetate wasadded, extracted with sat'd NaHCO.sub.3, 5% aqueous citric acid,dried and concentrated to afford 0.98 g of crude product.Chromatography on silica gel using 0-10% ethyl acetateafforded 610 mg (59%) of pure butanoic acid, 4- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)-amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!amino!-3-methyl-4-oxo-, 1S- 1R*(3R*),2S*!, benzyl ester.
Part C:
A solution of 310 mg (0.56 mmol) of the productfrom Part B in 20 mL of methanol was hydrogenated over 20 mg of 10% palladium on carbon under 50 psig hydrogen for 19 hours. The solution was filtered and concentrated toafford 220 mg (85%) of butanoic acid, 4- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)-amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!amino!-3-methyl-4-oxo-, 1S- 1R*(3R*),2S*!.
Part D:
To a solution of 190 mg (0.41 mmol) of theproduct from Part C and 90 mg (0.58 mmol) HOBT in 5 mL ofDMF at 0.degree. C., was added 88 mg (0.46 mmol) of EDC. After 30 minutes at 0.degree. C., 2 mL of conc. aqueous ammonia was added.After 1 hour at 0.degree. C. and 15 hours at RT, ethyl acetate wasadded, washed with sat'd NaHCO.sub.3, 5% aqueous citric acid,dried and concentrated to afford crude product.Recrystallization from ethyl acetate/hexane afforded 20 mg(11%) of butanediamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2-methyl, 1S- 1R*(2R*),2S*!.
EXAMPLE 40
Preparation of butanediamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-3-methyl-, 1S- 1R*(3S*),2S*!-
Part A:
In a similar manner to the procedure used above,p-methoxybenzyl alcohol was reacted with itaconic anhydridein refluxing toluene to provide 4-(p-methoxybenzyl)itaconate.
Part B:
To a solution of 3.30 g (13.2 mmol) of theproduct from Part A in 17 mL of toluene, was added 2.08 g(13.7 mmol) of 1,8-diazabicyclo 5.40!undec-7-ene and then2.35 g (13.7 mmol) of benzyl bromide. After 2 hours, thesolution was filtered and the filtrate washed with sat'dNaHCO.sub.3, 3N HCl, brine, dried and concentrated to afford3.12 g of an oil. After chromatography on silica gel using0-5% ethyl acetate/hexane one obtains 2.19 g (49%) of benzyl4-(4-methoxybenzyl)itaconate.
Part C:
A solution of 1.22 g (3.6 mmol) of product fromPart B and 150 mg of ((R,R-Dipamp))cyclooctadienylrhodium!tetrafluoroborate in 15 mL ofmethanol was thoroughly degassed, flushed with nitrogen andthen hydrogen and hydrogenated under 50 psig for 16 hours.The solution was filtered and concentrated to afford 1.2 gof a brown oil. This was dissolved in 5 mL of methylenechloride and 5 mL of toluene and 3 mL of trifluoroaceticacid was added. After 4 hours, the solvents were removedin vacuo, the residue dissolved in methylene chloride,which was then extracted with sat'd NaHCO.sub.3. Afterseparation, the aqueous layer was acidified, reextractedwith methylene chloride which was then dried andconcentrated to afford 470 mg (60%) of 3(R)-methyl-4-benzylsuccinicacid.
Part D:
To a solution of 470 mg (2.11 mmol) of productfrom Part C and 463 mg (3.03 mg) of HOBT in 5 mL of DMF at0.degree. C. was added 451 mg (2.35 mmol) of EDC. After 30 min. at0.degree. C., a solution of 728 mg (2.08 mmol) of the product fromExample 34, Part E in 3 mL of DMF was added. Afterstirring at 0.degree. C. for 1 hour and 15 hours at RT, ethylacetate was added and extracted with sat'd NaHCO.sub.3, 5%aqueous citric acid, brine, dried and concentrated to give930 mg of crude product chromatography on silica gel using0-10% ethyl acetate/hexane one obtains 570 mg (50%) ofbutanoic acid, 4- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!amino!-2-methyl-4-oxo-, 1S- 1R*(2S*),2S*!-, benzyl ester.
Part E:
The product was hydrogenated in methanol using10% palladium on carbon under 40 psig of hydrogen to affordbutanoic acid, 4- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!amino!-2-methyl-4-oxo-, 1S- 1R*(2S*),2S*!-.
Part F:
To a solution of 427 mg (0.92 mmol) of productfrom Part E and 210 mg (1.37 mmol) in 3 mL of DMF at 0.degree. C.was added 196 mg (1.02 mmol) of EDC. After 30 min. at 0.degree. C.,2 mL of conc. aqueous ammonia was added. After 1 hour at0.degree. C. and 15 hours at RT, ethyl acetate was added and thenextracted with sat'd NaCHO.sub.3, brine, dried and concentratedto afford crude product. Recrystallization from ethylacetate/hexane afforded 50 mg (12%) of butanediamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-3-methyl-, 1S- 1R*(3S*),2S*!-.
EXAMPLE 41
Preparation of butanediamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenyl methyl)propyl!-3-methyl -, 1S- 1R*(3R*),2S*!-
This was prepared in an identical manner to theprevious example except that the asymmetric hydrogenationstep was done in the presence of ((S,S-dipamp)cyclooctadienyl)rhodium!-tetrafluoroborate ascatalyst.
EXAMPLE 42
Preparation of butanediamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-, 1S- 1R*(2S*,3R*),2S*!!, and 1S- 1R*(2R*,3S*),2S*!!
Part A:
To a solution of 863 mg (5.91 mmol) of meso-2,3-dimethylsuccinicacid in 7 mL of DMF at RT was added 1.13 g(5.91 mmol) of EDC. After 15 minutes, a solution of 2.07 g(5.91 mmol) of the product from Example 34, Part E and 1.4 mL of pyridine in 7 mL of anhydrous methylene chloride wasadded. After 11 hours, ethyl acetate was added and washedwith 0.2N HCl, brine, dried and concentrated to afford2.73 g (97%) of a 1:1 mixture of diastereomeric acids.
Part B:
To a solution of 1.45 g (3.04 mmol) of the 1:1 mixture from Part A and 613 mg (4.51 mmol) of HOBT in 10 mLof DMF at 0.degree. C. was added 635 mg (3.31 mmol) of EDC. After30 minutes at 0.degree. C., 5 mL of conc. aqueous ammonia was added.After 1 hour at 0.degree. C. and 14 hours at RT, ethyl acetate wasadded, washed with 0.2N HCl, sat'd NaCHO.sub.3, brine, dried andconcentrated to afford 0.64 g (44%) of a 1:1 mixture ofamides.
These were separated on a Whatman 10 micronpartisil column using 8%-14% isopropanol/-methylenechloride. The first isomer to elute was identified asbutanediamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-, 1S- 1R*(2R*,3S*),2S*!,m/e/=477 (M+H).
The second isomer to elute was identified asbutanediamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-, 1S- 1R*(2S*,3R*),2S*!, m/e=477 (M+H).
EXAMPLE 43
Preparation of pentanediamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl-3,3-dimethyl-, 1S- 1R*,2S*!
Part A:
To a solution of 232 mg (0.66 mmol) of theproduct from Example 34, Part E and 98 mg (1.2 mmol) ofpyridine in 2 mL of methylene chloride was added 95 mg(0.66 mmol) of 3,3-dimethylglutaric anhydride at RT. After15 hours, ethyl acetate was added, washed with IN HCl,brine, dried and concentrated to afford 261 mg of crudeproduct. Chromatography on silica gel using 5-20%methanol/methylene chloride afforded 108 mg of acid, m/e=492 (M+H).
Part B:
To a solution of 92 mg (0.19 mmol) of productfrom Part A and 38 mg (0.28 mmol) HOBT in 0.5 mL DMF at 0.degree. C.was added 36 mg (0.19 mmol) of EDC. After 30 minutes at0.degree. C., 0.25 mL of conc. aqueous ammonia was added. After 1 hour at 0.degree. C. and 16 hours at RT, ethyl acetate was added,washed with 0.2N HCl, sat'd NaHCO.sub.3, brine, dried andconcentrated to afford 72 mg of crude product. This waspassed through a one-inch column of basic alumina with 10%methanol/methylene chloride to afford 53 mg of desiredproduct, m/e=491 (M+H).
EXAMPLE 44
Preparation of butanediamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2,3-dimethyl- 1S- 1R*(2R*,3S*),2S*!! (Isomer #1) and
Preparation of butanediamide, N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2,3-dimethyl- 1S- 1R*(2R*,3S*),2S*!! (Isomer #2)
Part A:
To a solution of 1.47 g (4.20 mmol) of theproduct from Example 34, Part E and 1.4 mL of pyridine in 9 mL of methylene chloride at RT was added 538 mg (4.20 mmol)of 2,2-dimethylsuccinic anhydride. After 15 hours, ethylacetate was added and washed with 0.2N HCl, brine, driedand concentrated to afford 1.87 g of crude product (approx.3:1 mixture of isomers).
Part B:
To a solution of 1.85 g (3.9 mmol) of crudeproduct from Part A and 887 mg (5.8 mmol) of HOBT in 10 mLof DMF at 0.degree. C. was added 809 mg (4.2 mmol) EDC. After 30 minutes at 0.degree. C., 6 mL of conc. aqueous ammonia was added.After 1 hour at 0.degree. C. and 15 hours at RT, ethyl acetate wasadded, washed with 0.2N HCl, sat'd NaHCO.sub.3, brine, driedand concentrated to afford 923 mg of crude product. Thetwo isomers were separated on a Whatman Partisil 5 columnusing 8-14% isopropanol/methylene chloride. The majorisomer was identified as Isomer #1, m/e=477 (M+H).
The minor isomer was identified as Isomer #2, m/e=477 (M+H).
EXAMPLE 45
This example illustrates the procedure utilizedto prepare compounds wherein the stereochemistry about thehydroxyl group is (S).
Part A:
A solution of 3(S)-(1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)amino-1,2-(R)-epoxy-4-phenylbutane (1.00 g, 3.80 mmol) andisobutylamine (5.55 g, 76 mmol, 20 equiv.) in 10 mL ofisopropyl alcohol was warmed to 60.degree. C. for 1 hour. Thesolution was cooled to room temperature and concentrated invacuo and the residue recrystallized from hexane/methylenechloride to give 0.93 g, 73% of 2(S),3(S)!-N- 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)carbamoyl!amino!!-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl!N- (3-methylbutyl)!amine, mp 91.3.degree.-93.0.degree. C.
Part B:
The product from Part A (46.3 mg, 0.14 mmol) wasdissolved in a mixture of 5 mL of tetrahydrofuran and 2 mLof methylene chloride and treated with tert-butylisocyanate(136.4 mg, 1. 376 mmol) via syringe. The solution wasstirred at room temperature for 0.5 hour and then thesolvent was removed in vacuo. The product, TLC on SiO.sub.2,1:1 hexane:ethyl acetate had Rf=0.74 and was useddirectly in the next step without further purification.
Part C:
The crude product from Part B was taken up in 10 mL of 4N hydrochloric acid in dioxane and stirred at roomtemperature for 0.25 hours. The solvent and excesshydrochloric acid was removed in vacuo whereupon theproduct crystallized. The solid was isolated by filtrationwashed with acetone and dried in vacuo to 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(2-methylpropyl)amino-2(S)-hydroxy-1(S)-(phenylmethyl)propylamine hydrochloride.
Part D:
A solution of N-Cbz-L-asparagine (225.5 mg, 0.847 mmol) and N-hydroxybenzotriazole (182.9 mg, 1.21 mmol) wasdissolved in 2 mL of dimethylformamide and cooled to 0.degree. C.and then treated with EDC (170.2 mg, 0.898 mmol) for 10 minutes. This mixture was then treated with 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carbonyl!(2-methylpropyl)amino-2(S)-hydroxy-1(S)-(phenylmethyl)propylamine hydrochloride.(300.0 mg, 0.807 mmol) followed by N-methylmorpholine(90.0 mg, 0.888 mmol) via syringe. The solution was stirredat room temperature for 16 hours and then poured into 20 mLof rapidly stirring 60% saturated aqueous sodiumbicarbonate solution whereupon a white precipitate formed.The solid was isolated by filtration, washed with saturatedaqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, water, 5% aqueouscitric acid solution, water and then dried in vacuo to give319 mg, 68% of butanediamide, N.sup.1 - 3- (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino!carboyl!(2-methylpropyl)amino!-2(S)-hydroxy-1(S)-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2(S)- (benzyloxycarbonyl)amino! mp 139.degree.-141.degree. C., MH.sup.+ m/z=584.
EXAMPLE 46
Following the above general procedures butsubsituting an acid chloride or an hydride for theisocyanate or similar starting material, the compoundsshown in Tables 16A and 16B were
TABLE 16A______________________________________ ##STR170##Entry XR.sup.4 A______________________________________1 CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 CbzAsn2 CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 QAsn3 CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 Cbz-tBugly______________________________________
TABLE 16B______________________________________ ##STR171##X(R.sup.4) (R.sup.5)______________________________________ ##STR172## ##STR173## ##STR174## ##STR175## ##STR176## ##STR177## ##STR178## ##STR179## ##STR180## ##STR181## ##STR182## ##STR183##______________________________________
EXAMPLE 47
Following the above general procedures bunsubstituting a chloroformate or pyrocarbonate for theisocyantae or similar starting material, the compoundsshown in Table 17 were
TABLE 17______________________________________ ##STR184##Entry XHR.sup.4 A______________________________________1 O.sup.t Bu CbzAsn2 O.sup.t Bu Cbz3 O.sup.t Bu QAsn4 O.sup.t Bu Cbz-tBugly______________________________________
EXAMPLE 48
The compounds of the present invention areeffective HIV protease inhibitors. Utilizing an enzymeassay as described below, the compounds set forth in theexamples herein disclosed inhibited the HIV enzyme. Thepreferred compounds of the present invention and theircalculated IC.sub.50 (inhibiting concentration 50%, i.e., theconcentration at which the inhibitor compound reducesenzyme activity by 50%) values are shown in Table 18. Theenzyme method is described below. The substrate is 2-aminobenzoyl-Ile-Nle-Phe(p-NO.sub.2)-Gln-ArgNH.sub.2.The positivecontrol is MVT-101 (Miller, M. et al, Science, 246, 1149 (9189)! The assay conditions are as follows:
Assay buffer:
20 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.4
20% glycerol
1 mM EDTA
1 mM DTT
0.1% CHAPS
The above described substrate is dissolved inDMSO, then diluted 10 fold in assay buffer. Finalsubstrate concentration in the assay is 80 .mu.M.
HIV protease is diluted in the assay buffer to afinal enzyme concentration of 12.3 nanomolar, based on amolecular weight of 10,780.
The final concentration of DMSO is 14% and thefinal concentration of glycerol is 18%. The test compoundis dissolved in DMSO and diluted in DMSO to 10.times. the testconcentration; 10 .mu.l of the enzyme preparation is added, thematerials mixed and then the mixture is incubated atambient temperature for 15 minutes. The enzyme reaction isinitiated by the addition of 40 .mu.l of substrate. Theincrease in fluorescence is monitored at 4 time points (0,8, 16 and 24 minutes) at ambient temperature. Each assayis carried out in duplicate
TABLE 18______________________________________Compound IC.sub.50 (nanomolar)______________________________________1. Butanediamide, N.sup.1 - 3- (2,2- 21 nM dimethyl)propyl!carbonyl!(3- methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy-1- (phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2- quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!-, 1S- 1R*(2R*),2S*!!2. Butanediamide, N.sup.1 - 3- 696 nM butylcarbonyl!(cyclohexylmethyl)- amino!-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl) propyl!-2- (phenylmethyloxy)- carbonyl)amino!-, 1S- 1R*(2R*),2S*!!3. Carbamic acid, 3- 4-amino-1,4- 1.6 nM dioxo-2- (phenylmethyloxy)carbonyl! amino!butyl!amino!-2-hydroxy-4- phenylbutyl!(phenylmethyl)-, butyl ester, 2R- 2R*,3S*(S*)!!______________________________________
EXAMPLE 48
The effectiveness of the compounds listed inTable 19 were determined in the above-described enzymeassay and in a CEM cell assay.
The HIV inhibition assay method of acutelyinfected cells is an automated tetrazolium basedcolorimetric assay essentially that reported by Pauwles etal, J. Virol. Methods 20, 309-321 (1988). Assays wereperformed in 96-well tissue culture plates. CEM cells, aCD4.sup.+ cell line, were grown in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco)supplemented with a 10% fetal calf serum and were thentreated with polybrene (2 .mu.g/ml). An 80 .mu.l volume of mediumcontaining 1.times.10.sup.4 cells was dispensed into each well ofthe tissue culture plate. To each well was added a 100 .mu.lvolume of test compound dissolved in tissue culture medium(or medium without test compound as a control) to achievethe desired final concentration and the cells wereincubated at 37.degree. C. for 1 hour. A frozen culture of HIV-1 was diluted in culture medium to a concentration of 5.times.10.sup.4 TCID.sub.50 per ml (TCID.sub.50 =the dose of virus that infects 50%of cells in tissue culture), and a 20 .mu.L volume of the virussample (containing 1000 TCID.sub.50 of virus) was added to wellscontaining test compound and to wells containing onlymedium (infected control cells). Several wells receivedculture medium without virus (uninfected control cells).Likewise, the intrinsic toxicity of the test compound wasdetermined by adding medium without virus to several wellscontaining test compound. In summary, the tissue cultureplates contained the following
______________________________________Cells Drug Virus______________________________________1. + - -2. + + -3. + - +4. + + +______________________________________
In experiments 2 and 4 the finalconcentrations of test compounds were 1, 10, 100 and 500 .mu.g/ml. Either azidothymidine (AZT) or dideoxylnosine (ddI)was included as a positive drug control. Test compoundswere dissolved in DMSO and diluted into tissue culturemedium so that the final DMSO concentration did not exceed1.5% in any case. DMSO was added to all control wells atan appropriate concentration.
Following the addition of virus, cells wereincubated at 37.degree. C. in a humidified, 5% CO.sub.2 atmosphere for 7 days. Test compounds could be added on days 0, 2 and 5 ifdesired. On day 7, post-infection, the cells in each wellwere resuspended and a 100 .mu.l sample of each cell suspensionwas removed for assay. A 20 .mu.L volume of a 5 mg/ml solutionof 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltenrazoliumbromide (MTT) was added to each 100 .mu.L cell suspension, andthe cells were incubated for 4 hours at 27.degree. C. in a 5% CO.sub.2 environment. During this incubation, MTT is metabolicallyreduced by living cells resulting in the production in thecell of a colored formazan product. To each sample wasadded 100 .mu.l of 10% sodium dodecylsulfate in 0.01N HCl tolyse the cells, and samples were incubated overnight. Theabsorbance at 590 nm was determined for each sample using aMolecular Devices microplate reader. Absorbance values foreach set of wells is compared to assess viral controlinfection, uninfected control cell response as well as testcompound by cytotoxicity and antiviral
TABLE 19______________________________________Compound Inhibition______________________________________1. Butanediamide, N.sup.1 - 3- (2,2- 100% dimethyl)propyl!carbonyl! (3-methylbutyl)amino!-2-hydroxy- 1-(phenylmethyl)propyl!-2- (2- quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!-, 1S- 1R*(2R*),2S*!!______________________________________
Following the procedures set forth above, thefollowing compounds were also prepared:
Carbamic acid, 3- (4-amino-1,4-dioxo-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!butyl!amino!-2-hydroxy-4phenylbutyl! (4-fluorophenyl)methyl!-, 1,1-dimethylethylester, 2R- 2R*,3S*(S*)!!-
Carbamic acid, 3- (4-amino-1,4-dioxo-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!butyl!amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl! (3-methylbutyl)!-, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester, 2R- 2R*,3S*(S*)!!-
Carbamic acid, 3- (4-amino-1,4-dioxo-2- (2-quinolinylcarabonyl)amino!butyl!amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl! (2-methylpropyl)!-, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester, 2R- 2R*,3S*(S*)!!-
Carbamic acid, 3- (4-amino-1,4-dioxo-2- (2-quinolinylcarbonyl)amino!butyl!amino!-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl! (4-pyridylmethyl)!-, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester, 2R- 2R*,3S*(S*)!!-
Utilizing generally the procedures set forthabove, the compounds shown in Tables 20-48 could beprepared. It is contemplated that such compounds willinhibit retroviral proteases.
As stated above, the procedures see forth hereincould be utilized to prepare the compounds shown in Tables20-46 set forth
TABLE 20__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR185##Entry No. R R.sup.3 R.sup.4__________________________________________________________________________ 1 Cbz.sup.a CH.sub.3 n-Butyl 2 Cbz i-Butyl CH.sub.3 3 Cbz i-Butyl n-Butyl 4 Q.sup.b i-Butyl n-Butyl 5 Cbz i-Propyl n-Butyl 6 Q i-Propyl n-Butyl 7 Cbz C.sub.6 H.sub.5 n-Butyi 8 Cbz ##STR186## n-Butyl 9 Cbz ##STR187## n-Butyl10 Q ##STR188## n-Butyl11 Cbz ##STR189## n-Butyl12 Cbz i-Butyl n-Propyl13 Cbz i-Butyl CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.214 Cbz ##STR190## n-Butyl15 Cbz ##STR191## i-Propyl16 Cbz ##STR192## CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.217 Cbz i-Butyl CH.sub.2 CH.sub.318 Cbz i-Butyl CH(CH.sub.3).sub.219 Cbz i-Butyl ##STR193##20 Q i-Butyl ##STR194##21 Cbz ##STR195## (CH.sub.2).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.222 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.223 Q i-Butyl CH(CH.sub.3).sub.224 Cbz i-Butyl C(CH.sub.3).sub.325 Q i-Butyl C(CH.sub.3).sub.326 Cbz ##STR196## C(CH.sub.3).sub.327 Q ##STR197## C(CH.sub.3).sub.328 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.329 Q (CH.sub.2).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.330 Cbz CH.sub.2 C6H.sub.5 C(CH.sub.3).sub.331 Q CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 C(CH.sub.3).sub.332 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 C(CH.sub.3).sub.333 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 C(CH.sub.3).sub.334 Cbz n-Butyl C(CH.sub.3).sub.335 Cbz n-Pentyl C(CH.sub.3).sub.336 Cbz n-Hexyl C(CH.sub.3).sub.337 Cbz ##STR198## C(CH.sub.3).sub.338 Cbz CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.339 Q CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.340 Cbz ##STR199## C(CH.sub.3).sub.341 Cbz CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 OCH.sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.342 Cbz ##STR200## C(CH.sub.3).sub.343 Cbz ##STR201## C(CH.sub.3).sub.344 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.345 Q (CH.sub.2).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.346 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.4 OH C(CH.sub.3).sub.347 Q (CH.sub.2).sub.4 OH C(CH.sub.3).sub.348 Q ##STR202## C(CH.sub.3).sub.349 Q ##STR203## C(CH.sub.3).sub.350 ##STR204## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.351 ##STR205## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.352 ##STR206## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.353 ##STR207## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.354 ##STR208## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.355 ##STR209## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.356 ##STR210## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.357 ##STR211## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.358 ##STR212## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.359 ##STR213## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.360 ##STR214## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.361 ##STR215## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.362 ##STR216## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.363 ##STR217## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.364 ##STR218## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.365 ##STR219## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.366 ##STR220## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.367 ##STR221## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.368 ##STR222## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.369 ##STR223## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3__________________________________________________________________________ .sup.a benzyloxycarbonyl .sup.b 2quinolinylcarbonyl
TABLE 21__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR224##Entry A R.sup.3 R.sup.4__________________________________________________________________________ 1 CbzVal i-amyl tBu 2 CbzLeu i-amyl t-Bu 3 CbzIle i-amyl t-Bu 4 AcD-homo-Phe i-Bu n-Bu 5 QuiOrn(.gamma.-Cbz) ##STR225## t-Bu 6 CbzAsn CH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.2 t-Bu 7 Acetyl-t-BuGly i-amyl t-Bu 8 Acetyl-Phe i-amyl t-Bu 9 Acetyl-Ile i-amyl t-Bu10 Acetyl-Leu i-amyl t-Bu11 Acetyl-His i-amyl t-Bu12 Acetyl-Thr i-amyl t-Bu13 Acetyl-NHCH(C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 (SCH.sub.3))C(O) i-amyl t-Bu14 CbzAsn i-amyl t-Bu15 CbzAla i-amyl t-Bu16 CbzAla i-amyl t-Bu17 Cbz-beta-cyanoAla i-amyl t-Bu18 Cbz-t-BuGly i-amyl t-Bu19 Q-t-BuGly i-amyl t-Bu20 QSCH.sub.3 Cys i-amyl t-Bu21 CbzSCH.sub.3 Cys i-amyl t-Bu22 QAsp i-amyl t-Bu23 Cbz(NHCH(C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 (SCH.sub.3))C(O) i-amyl t-Bu24 CbzEtGly i-amyl t-Bu25 CbzPrGly i-amyl t-Bu26 CbzThr i-amyl t-Bu27 QPhe i-amyl t-Bu28 CbzPhe i-amyl t-Bu29 Cbz NHCH(CH.sub.2 C(O)NHCH.sub.3 !C(O) i-amyl t-Bu30 Q NHCH(CH.sub.2 C(O)NHCH.sub.3 !C(O) i-amyl t-Bu__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 22______________________________________ ##STR226##Entry R.sup.1______________________________________1 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.2 CH.sub.32 (R)CH(OH)CH.sub.33 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.24 (R,S)CH.sub.2 SOCH.sub.35 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.2 NH.sub.26 CH.sub.2 SCH.sub.37 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.28 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C(O)NH.sub.29 (S)CH(OH)CH.sub.310 CH.sub.2 CCH11 CH.sub.2 CCH.sub.2______________________________________
TABLE 23______________________________________ ##STR227##Entry R.sup.2 A______________________________________ 1 n-Bu CbzAsn 2 cyclohexylmethyl CbzAsn 3 n-Bu Boc 4 n-Bu Cbz 5 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Boc 6 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Cbz 7 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 benzoyl 8 cyclohexylmethyl Cbz 9 n-Bu QAsn10 cyclohexylmethyl QAsn11 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 CbzIle12 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 QIle13 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Cbz-t-BuGly14 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Q-t-BuGly15 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 CbzVal16 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 QVal17 2-naphthylmethyl CbzAsn18 2-naphthylmethyl QAsn19 2-naphthylmethyl Cbz20 n-Bu CbzVal21 n-Bu QVal22 n-Bu QIle23 n-Bu Cbz-t-BuGly24 n-Bu Q-t-BuGly25 p-F(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)CH.sub.2 QAsn26 p-F(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)CH.sub.2 Cbz27 p-F(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)CH.sub.2 CbzAsn28 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Cbz-propargylglycine29 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Q-propargylglycine30 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 acetyl-proparglyglycine31 i-Bu CbzAsn______________________________________
TABLE 24______________________________________ ##STR228##R.sup.3 R.sup.4______________________________________CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR229##CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR230##CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR231##CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR232##______________________________________
TABLE 25__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR233##Entry R R.sub.1__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR234## CH.sub.32 ##STR235## CH.sub.33 ##STR236## CH(CH.sub.3).sub.24 ##STR237## CH(CH.sub.3).sub.25 ##STR238## C(CH.sub.3).sub.36 ##STR239## CH.sub.37 ##STR240## CH.sub.38 ##STR241## CH.sub.39 ##STR242## CH.sub.310 ##STR243## CH.sub.311 ##STR244## CH.sub.312 ##STR245## CH.sub.313 ##STR246## CH.sub.314 ##STR247## CH.sub.315 ##STR248##16 ##STR249##__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 26______________________________________ ##STR250##R.sup.1 R.sup.1' R.sup.1" R______________________________________H H H ##STR251##H H H ##STR252##H CH.sub.3 H ##STR253##H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 ##STR254##H H CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 ##STR255##H H H ##STR256##H H H ##STR257##H H CONH.sub.2 CbzH H CONH.sub.2 2-quinolinylcarbonyl______________________________________
TABLE 27______________________________________ ##STR258##R R' X______________________________________R = H R' = H X = HR = Me R' = Me X = HR = H R' = Me X = HR = Me R' = Me X = FR = H R' = Me X = FR = Cbz R' = Me X = HR = H R' = Bz X = HR + R' = pyrrole* X = H______________________________________ *lle in place of tbutylglycine
TABLE 28______________________________________ ##STR259## ##STR260## ##STR261##______________________________________
TABLE 29______________________________________ ##STR262##Acyl Group (R)______________________________________benzyloxycarbonyltert-butoxycarbonylacetyl2-quinoylcarbonylphenoxyacetylbenzoylmethyloxaloylpivaloyltrifluoracetylbromoacetylhydroxyacetylmorpholinylacetylN,N-dimethylaminoacetylN-benzylaminoacetylN-phenylaminoacetylN-benzyl-N-methylaminoacetylN-methyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminoacetylN-methylcarbamoyl3-methylbutyrylN-isobutylcarbamoylsuccinoyl (3-carboxypropionyl)carbamoylN-isobutylamino acetylN,N-diethylamino acetylN-(2-methoxyethyl)aminoacetylN-(S-.alpha.-methylbenzyl)aminoacetylN-(R-.alpha.-methylbenzyl)amino acetylN-(S-2-tetralin)amino acetylN-(R-2-teralin)amino acetylN-pyrrolidinylacetylN-methyl-N-(2-pyridylethyl)amino acetylN-tetrahydroisoquinolylaminoacetylN-p-methoxybenzylamino acetyl______________________________________
TABLE 30______________________________________ ##STR263##R'______________________________________CH.sub.3CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2PhCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2PhCH.sub.2Ph(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CHHOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 ##STR264## ##STR265## ##STR266##CH.sub.2CHCH.sub.2______________________________________
TABLE 31______________________________________ ##STR267##R R.sub.1______________________________________CH.sub.3 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3______________________________________
TABLE 32__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR268##R.sup.1 R.sup.30 R.sup.31 R.sup.32 X' R.sup.33 R.sup.34__________________________________________________________________________H H H H N H HH H H H O H --H H H H O CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.3 H H H N H HCH.sub.3 H H H O H --H H CH.sub.3 H N H HH H CH.sub.3 H O H --CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H H N H HCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H H O H --CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H H O CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 OCH.sub.3 --H H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 N H HH H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O HH H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 OCH.sub.3 --CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 H N H HCH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 H N H CH.sub.3CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 H N CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 H O H --CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 H N H CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 OCH.sub.3OH H H H N H HOH H H H O H --H H OH H N H HH H OH H O H --CH.sub.2 H H H N H HCH.sub.2 C(O)NH.sub.2 H H H N H HCH.sub.2 C(O)NH.sub.2 H H H O H --CH.sub.2 C(O)NH.sub.2 H H H O CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 Ph H H H N H HCH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 N H HCH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 N H --CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O H CH.sub.3CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 N CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 33______________________________________ ##STR269## ##STR270## ##STR271## ##STR272##______________________________________
TABLE 34__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR273##Entry No. R R.sup.3 R.sup.4__________________________________________________________________________ 1 Cbz.sup.a CH.sub.3 n-Butyl 2 Cbz i-Butyl CH.sub.3 3 Cbz i-Butyl n-Butyl 4 Q.sup.b i-Butyl n-Butyl 5 Cbz i-Propyl n-Butyl 6 Q i-Propyl n-Butyl 7 Cbz C.sub.6 H.sub.5 n-Butyl 8 Cbz ##STR274## n-Butyl 9 Cbz ##STR275## n-Butyl10 Q ##STR276## n-Butyl11 Cbz ##STR277## n-Butyl12 Cbz i-Butyl n-Propyl13 Cbz i-Butyl CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.214 Cbz ##STR278## n-Butyl15 Cbz ##STR279## i-Propyl16 Cbz ##STR280## CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.217 Cbz i-Butyl CH.sub.2 CH.sub.318 Cbz i-Butyl CH(CH.sub.3).sub.219 Cbz i-Butyl ##STR281##20 Q i-Butyl ##STR282##21 Cbz ##STR283## (CH.sub.2).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.222 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.223 Q i-Butyl CH(CH.sub.3).sub.224 Cbz i-Butyl C(CH.sub.3).sub.325 Q i-Butyl C(CH.sub.3).sub.326 Cbz ##STR284## C(CH.sub.3).sub.327 Q ##STR285## C(CH.sub.3).sub.328 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.329 Q (CH.sub.2).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.330 Cbz CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 C(CH.sub.3).sub.331 Q CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 C(CH.sub.3).sub.332 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 C(CH.sub.3).sub.333 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 C(CH.sub.3).sub.334 Cbz n-Butyl C(CH.sub.3).sub.335 Cbz n-Pentyl C(CH.sub.3).sub.336 Cbz n-Hexyl C(CH.sub.3).sub.337 Cbz ##STR286## C(CH.sub.3).sub.338 Cbz CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.339 Q CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.340 Cbz ##STR287## C(CH.sub.3).sub.341 Cbz CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 OCH.sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.342 Cbz ##STR288## C(CH.sub.3).sub.343 Cbz ##STR289## C(CH.sub.3).sub.344 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.345 Q (CH.sub.2).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.346 Cbz (CH.sub.2).sub.4 OH C(CH.sub.3).sub.347 Q (CH.sub.2).sub.4 OH C(CH.sub.3).sub.348 Q ##STR290## C(CH.sub.3).sub.349 Q ##STR291## C(CH.sub.3).sub.350 ##STR292## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.351 ##STR293## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.352 ##STR294## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.353 ##STR295## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.354 ##STR296## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.355 ##STR297## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.356 ##STR298## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.357 ##STR299## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.358 ##STR300## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.359 ##STR301## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.360 ##STR302## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.361 ##STR303## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.362 ##STR304## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.363 ##STR305## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.364 ##STR306## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.365 ##STR307## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.366 ##STR308## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.367 ##STR309## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.368 ##STR310## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.369 ##STR311## CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3__________________________________________________________________________ .sup.a benzyloxycarbonyl .sup.b 2quinolinylcarbonyl
TABLE 35__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR312##Entry A R.sup.3 R.sup.4__________________________________________________________________________ 1 CbzVal i-amyl tBu 2 CbzLeu i-amyl t-Bu 3 CbzIle i-amyl t-Bu 4 AcD-homo-Phe i-Bu n-Bu 5 QuiOrn (.gamma.-Cbz) ##STR313## t-Bu 6 CbzAsn CH.sub.2 CHCH.sub.2 t-Bu 7 Acetyl-t-BuGly i-amyl t-Bu 8 AcetylPhe i-amyl t-Bu 9 AcetylIle i-amyl t-Bu10 AcetylLeu i-amyl t-Bu11 AcetylHis i-amyl t-Bu12 AcetylThr i-amyl t-Bu13 AcetylNHCH(C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 (SCH.sub.3))C(O) i-amyl t-Bu14 CbzAsn i-amyl t-Bu15 CbzAla i-amyl t-Bu16 CbzAla i-amyl t-Bu17 Cbz-beta-cyanoAla i-amyl t-Bu18 Cbz-t-BuGly i-amyl t-Bu19 Q-t-BuGly i-amyl t-Bu20 QSCH.sub.3 CYS i-amyl t-Bu21 CbzSCH.sub.3 Cys i-amyl t-Bu22 QAsp i-amyl t-Bu23 Cbz(NHCH(C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 (SCH.sub.3))C(O) i-amyl t-Bu24 CbzEtGly i-amyl t-Bu25 CbzPrGly i-amyl t-Bu26 CbzThr i-amyl t-Bu27 QPhe i-amyl t-Bu28 CbzPhe i-amyl t-Bu29 Cbz NHCH(CH.sub.2 C(O)NHCH.sub.3 !C(O) i-amyl t-Bu30 Q NHCH(CH.sub.2 C(O)NHCH.sub.3 !C(O) i-amyl t-Bu__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 36______________________________________ ##STR314##Entry R.sup.1______________________________________1 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.2 CH.sub.32 (R)CH(OH)CH.sub.33 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.24 (R, S)CH.sub.2 SOCH.sub.35 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.2 NH.sub.26 CH.sub.2 SCH.sub.37 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.28 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C(O)NH.sub.29 (S)CH(OH)CH.sub.310 CH.sub.2 C CH11 CH.sub.2 CCH.sub.2______________________________________
TABLE 37______________________________________ ##STR315##Entry R.sup.2 A______________________________________ 1 n-Bu CbzAsn 2 cyclohexylmethyl CbzAsn 3 n-Bu Boc 4 n-Bu Cbz 5 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Boc 6 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Cbz 7 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 benzoyl 8 cyclohexylmethyl Cbz 9 n-Bu QAsn10 cyclohexylmethyl QAsn11 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 CbzIle12 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 QIle13 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Cbz-t-BuGly14 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Q-t-BuGly15 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 CbzVal16 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 QVal17 2-naphthylmethyl CbzAsn18 2-naphthylmethyl QAsn19 2-naphthylmethyl Cbz20 n-Bu CbzVal21 n-Bu QVal22 n-Bu QIle23 n-Bu Cbz-t-BuGly24 n-Bu Q-t-BuGly25 p-F(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)CH.sub.2 QAsn26 p-F(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)CH.sub.2 Cbz27 p-F(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)CH.sub.2 CbzAsn28 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Cbz-propargylglycine29 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 Q-propargylglycine30 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 acetyl-proparglyglycine31 i-Bu CbzAsn______________________________________
TABLE 38__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR316##R.sup.3 R.sup.4__________________________________________________________________________CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR317##CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR318##CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR319##CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR320##__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 39__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR321##Entry R R.sub.1__________________________________________________________________________ 1 ##STR322## CH.sub.3 2 ##STR323## CH.sub.3 3 ##STR324## CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 4 ##STR325## CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 5 ##STR326## C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 6 ##STR327## CH.sub.3 7 ##STR328## CH.sub.3 8 ##STR329## CH.sub.3 9 ##STR330## CH.sub.310 ##STR331## CH.sub.311 ##STR332## CH.sub.312 ##STR333## CH.sub.313 ##STR334## CH.sub.314 ##STR335## CH.sub.315 ##STR336##16 ##STR337##__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 40______________________________________ ##STR338##R.sup.1 R.sup.1' R.sup.1" R______________________________________H H H ##STR339##H H H ##STR340##H CH.sub.3 H ##STR341##H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 ##STR342##H H CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 ##STR343##H H H ##STR344##H H H ##STR345##H H CONH.sub.2 CbzH H CONH.sub.2 2-quinolinylcarbonyl______________________________________
TABLE 41______________________________________ ##STR346##R R' X______________________________________R = H R' = H X = HR = Me R' = Me X = HR = H R' = Me X = HR = Me R' = Me X = FR = H R' = Me X = FR = Cbz R' = Me X = HR = H R' = Bz X = HR + R' = pyrrole* X = H______________________________________ *lle in place of tbutylglycine
TABLE 42______________________________________ ##STR347## ##STR348## ##STR349##______________________________________
TABLE 43______________________________________ ##STR350## ##STR351## ##STR352##______________________________________CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH(CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2).sub.2CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR353## ##STR354## CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR355## CH (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3).sub.2 ##STR356## ##STR357## ##STR358## ##STR359## ##STR360## CH(CH.sub.3) (t-Bu) ##STR361## ##STR362## ##STR363## ##STR364## ##STR365## ##STR366## ##STR367## ##STR368## ##STR369## ##STR370## ##STR371## ##STR372## ##STR373## ##STR374##______________________________________
TABLE 44______________________________________ ##STR375##Acyl Group (R)______________________________________benzyloxycarbonyltert-butoxycarbonylacetyl2-quinoylcarbonylphenoxyacetylbenzoylmethyloxaloylpivaloyltrifluoracetylbromoacetylhydroxyacetylmorpholinylacetylN,N-dimethylaminoacetylN-benzylaminoacetylN-phenylaminoacetylN-benzyl-N-methylaminoacetylN-methyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminoacetylN-methylcarbamoyl3-methylbutyrylN-isobutylcarbamoylsuccinoyl (3-carboxypropionyl)carbamoylN-isobutylamino acetylN,N-diethylamino acetylN-(2-methoxyethyl)aminoacetylN-(S-.alpha.-methylbenzyl)aminoacetylN-(R-.alpha.-methylbenzyl)amino acetylN-(S-2-tetralin)amino acetylN-(R-2-teralin)amino acetylN-pyrrolidinylacetylN-methyl-N-(2-pyridylethyl)amino acetylN-tetrahydroisoquinolylaminoacetylN-p-methoxybenzylamino acetyl______________________________________
TABLE 45______________________________________ ##STR376##R'______________________________________CH.sub.3CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2PhCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2PhCH.sub.2Ph(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CHHOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 ##STR377## ##STR378## ##STR379##CH.sub.2CHCH.sub.2______________________________________
TABLE 46______________________________________ ##STR380## R' R.sub.1______________________________________ CH.sub.3 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH.sub.3 C(CH.sub.3).sub.3______________________________________
TABLE 47__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR381##R.sup.1 R.sup.30 R.sup.31 R.sup.32 X' R.sup.33 R.sup.34__________________________________________________________________________H H H H N H HH H H H O H --H H H H O CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.3 H H H N H HCH.sub.3 H H H O H --H H CH.sub.3 H N H HH H CH.sub.3 H O H --CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H H N H HCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H H O H --CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 H H O CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 OCH.sub.3 --H H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 N H HH H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O H --H H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 OCH.sub.3 --CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 H N H HCH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 H N H CH.sub.3CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 H N CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 H O H --CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 H N H CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 OCH.sub.3OH H H H N H HOH H H H O H --H H OH H N H HH H OH H O H --CH.sub.2 H H H N H HCH.sub.2 C(O)NH.sub.2 H H H N H HCH.sub.2 C(O)NH.sub.2 H H H O H --CH.sub.2 C(O)NH.sub.2 H H H O CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 Ph H H H N H HCH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 N H HCH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 N H --CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O H CH.sub.3CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 N CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 48______________________________________ ##STR382## ##STR383## ##STR384## ##STR385##______________________________________
The compounds of the present invention areeffective antiviral compounds and, in particular, areeffective inhibitors of retroviruses, particularly,lentroviruses as shown above. Thus, the subject compoundsare effective inhibitors of HIV. It is contemplated thatthe subject compounds will also inhibit other strains ofHIV, such as HIV-2 and other viruses such as, for example,human T-cell leukemia virus, feline leukemia virus, simiamimmunodeficiency virus, respiratory syncitial virus,hepadnavirus, cytomegalovirus and picornavirus. Thus, thesubject compounds are effective in the treatment and/orproplylaxis of retroviral infections.
Compounds of the present can possess one or moreasymmetric carbon atoms and are thus capable of existing inthe form, of optical isomers as well as in the form ofracemic or nonracemic mixtures thereof. The opticalisomers can be obtained by resolution of the racemicmixtures according to conventional processes, for exampleby formation of diastereoisomeric salts by treatment withan optically active acid or base. Examples of appropriateacids are tartaric, diacetyltartaric, dibenzoyltartaric,ditoluoyltartaric and camphorsulfonic acid and thenseparation of the mixture of diastereoisomers bycrystallization followed by liberation of the opticallyactive bases from these salts. A different process forseparation of optical isomers involves the use of a chiralchromatography column optfinally chosen to maximize theseparation of the enantiomers. Still another availablemethod involves synthesis of covalent diastereoisomericmolecules by reacting compounds of Formula I with anoptically pure acid in an activated form or an opticallypure isocyanate. The synthesized diastereoisomers can beseparated by conventional means such as chromatography,distillation, crystallization or sublimation, and thenhydrolyzed to deliver the enantiomericaly pure compound.The optically active compounds of Formula I can likewise beobtained by utilizing optically active starting materials.These isomers may be in the form of a free acid, a freebase, an ester or a salt.
The compounds of the present invention can beused in the form of salts derived from inorganic or organicacids. These salts include but are not limited to thefollowing: acetate, adipate, alginate, citrate, aspartate,benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate,camphorate, camphorsulfonate, digluconate,cyclopentanepropionate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate,glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate,hexanoate, fumarate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide,hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate,methanesulfonate, nicotinate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate,oxalate, palmoate, pectinate, persulfate,3-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate,succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate, mesylate andundecanoate. Also, the basic nitrogen-containing groupscan be quaternized with such agents as lower alkyl halides,such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride,bromides, and iodides; dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl,diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates, long chain halidessuch as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides,bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like benzyl andphenethyl bromides, and others. Water or oil-soluble ordispersible products are thereby obtained.
Examples of acids which may be employed to formpharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts includesuch inorganic acids as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acidand phosphoric acid and such organic acids as oxalic acid,maleic acid, succinic acid and citric acid. Other examplesinclude salts with alkali metals or alkaline earth metals,such as sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium or withorganic bases.
Total daily dose administered to a host insingle or divided doses my be in amounts, for example,from 0.001 to 10 mg/kg body weight daily and more usually0.01 to 1 mg. Dosage unit compositions my contain suchamounts of submultiples thereof to make up the daily dose.
The amount of active ingredient that may becombined with the carrier materials to produce a singledosage form will vary depending upon the host treated andthe particular mode of administration.
The dosage regimen for treating a diseasecondition with the compounds and/or compositions of thisinvention is selected in accordance with a variety offactors, including the type, age, weight, sex, diet andmedical condition of the patient, the severity of thedisease, the route of administration, pharmacologicalconsiderations such as the activity, efficacy,pharmacokinetic and toxicology profiles of the particularcompound employed, whether a drug delivery system isutilized and whether the compound is administered as partof a drug combination. Thus, the dosage regimen actuallyemployed may vary widely and therefore my deviate from thepreferred dosage regimen set forth above.
The compounds of the present invention may beadministered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray,rectally, or topically in dosage unit formulationscontaining conventional nontoxic pharmaceuticallyacceptable carriers, adjuvants, and vehicles as desired.Topical administration may also involve the use oftransdermal administration such as transdermal patches oriontophoresis devices. The term parenteral as used hereinincludes subcutaneous injections, intravenous,intramuscular, intrasternal injection, or infusiontechniques.
Injectable preparations, for example, sterileinjectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions my beformulated according to the known art using suitabledispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. Thesterile injectable preparation may also be a sterileinjectable solution or suspension in a nontoxicparenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, asa solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptablevehicles and solvents that may be employed are water,Ringer's solution, and isotonic sodium chloride solution.In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionallyemployed as a solvent or suspending medium. For thispurpose any bland fixed oil may be employed includingsynthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acidssuch as oleic acid find use in the preparation ofinjectables.
Suppositories for rectal administration of thedrug can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitablenonirritating excipient such as cocoa butter andpolyethylene glycols which are solid at ordinarytemperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and willtherefore melt in the rectum and release the drug.
Solid dosage forms for oral administration mayinclude capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules.In such solid dosage forms, the active compound may beadmixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucroselactose or starch. Such dosage forms may also comprise, asin normal practice, additional substances other than inertdiluents, e.g., lubricating agents such as magnesiumstearate. In the case of capsules, tablets, and pills, thedosage forms may also comprise buffering agents. Tabletsand pills can additionally be prepared with entericcoatings.
Liquid dosage forms for oral administration mayinclude pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions,suspensions, syrups, and elixirs containing inert diluentscommonly used in the art, such as water. Such compositionsmay also comprise adjuvants, such as wetting agents,emulsifying and suspending agents, and sweetening,flavoring, and perfuming agents.
While the compounds of the invention can beadministered as the sole active pharmaceutical agent, theycan also be used in combination with one or moreimmunomodulators, antiviral agents or other antiinfectiveagents. When administered as a combination, thetherapeutic agents can be formulated as separatecompositions which are given at the same time or differenttimes, or the therapeutic agents can be given as a singlecomposition.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of theinvention and is not intended to limit the invention to thedisclosed compounds. Variations and changes which areobvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be withinthe scope and nature of the invention which are defined inthe appended claims.
The preceding examples can be repeated withsimilar success by substituting the generically orspecifically described reactants and/or operatingconditions of this invention for those used in thepreceding examples.
From the foregoing description, one skilled inthe art can easily ascertain the essential characteristicsof this invention, and without departing from the spiritand scope thereof, can make various changes andmodifications of the invention to adapt it to varioususages and conditions.

Number	Name	Date
H725	Gordon	Jan 1990
4477441	Boger et al.	Oct 1984
4514391	Gordon et al.	Apr 1985
4548926	Matsueda et al.	Oct 1985
4599198	Hoover	Jul 1986
4616088	Ryono et al.	Oct 1986
4668769	Hoover	May 1987
4668770	Boger et al.	May 1987
4757050	Natarajan et al.	Jul 1988
4963530	Hemmi et al.	Oct 1990
4977277	Rosenberg et al.	Dec 1990
5132400	Gammill et al.	Jul 1992
5151438	Sham et al.	Sep 1992
5157041	Handa et al.	Oct 1992

Number	Date	Country
0104041	Mar 1984	EPX
0114993	Aug 1984	EPX
0172347	Feb 1986	EPX
0223437	May 1987	EPX
0264795	Apr 1988	EPX
0337714	Oct 1989	EPX
0342541	Dec 1989	EPX
0346847	Dec 1989	EPX
0356223	Feb 1990	EPX
0393457	Oct 1990	EPX
0393445	Oct 1990	EPX
0389898	Oct 1990	EPX
0402646	Dec 1990	EPX
2184730	Jul 1987	GBX
2200115	Jul 1988	GBX
2209752	May 1989	GBX
WO 8403044	Aug 1984	WOX

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	789643	Nov 1991
Parent	615210	Nov 1990

Retroviral protease inhibitors

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US Referenced Citations (14)

Foreign Referenced Citations (17)

Non-Patent Literature Citations (14)

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Entry
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