Patent Grant
8726684
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a reversible system for recovery by sampling and transfer of energy between at least two different media, for example between an outside medium and a biotope or between a biotope and another biotope.
2. Description of Related Art
The calorie requirements of cold periods of a living environment, workplace, or storage site are summarized by a quantity of calories that are devoted to heating. Other calorie requirements are necessary during the cold season and even beyond the latter: we can identify the production of hot water for domestic use that is to be ensured for the entire year, the heating of a swimming pool or other requirements in the industrial or tertiary field.
In air-conditioned sites, the extraction of excess calories from the building is to be ensured.
In conventional air-conditioning systems, the calories that are extracted from the building are often dissipated outside of the building and lost.
Currently, the heating of buildings is ensured by the combustion of fuel in boilers, by using the thermal energy of the sun, by using the Joule effect with electric boilers, or by using heat pumps that draw on the outside air or a source of free water for a large portion of their energy.
The invention uses an innovative technology in the field of reversible heat pumps.
The heat pumps are refrigerating machines that transfer heat from one medium to another by using as a vehicle a refrigerating fluid that passes successively from a gaseous state to a liquid state and vice versa by the succession of phases of compression and expansion.
Most of the systems are reversible; it is therefore possible to use these heat pumps for air-conditioning.
The heat pumps are connected to different types of terminals that may or may not be reversible, such as:
The heat pumps and other energy recovery systems are characterized by a performance index (COP) that indicates the energy yield of the installation, the one being always greater than 1; the heat pumps therefore produce more heat energy than they consume electrical energy due to the energy that is drawn into the free recovery medium.
The technological progress of recent years has improved the yield of heat pumps because of the improvement of the components of the latter.
The invention proposes an improvement that deals with a new organization of the refrigeration circuit and the creation of components that have new functions, whereby the objective of the invention is to increase the yield and the reliability of the refrigeration system.
The innovation holds to the creation, the presence and the location in the installation of the following components:
The special feature of this exchanger E3 is to operate as a subcoolant of the liquid line when it is supplied with high-pressure fluid in the liquid state in its interior tube and also as a superheater of the intake gases in its exterior tube (
In this case depicted, besides the organization of the fluid diagram, the refrigerating fluid reservoir R contains a high-pressure fluid reserve in the liquid state.
The other special feature of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3 is to operate as a degassing unit when it is supplied with low-pressure fluid in the liquid state in its interior tube and also as a superheater of the intake gases in its exterior tube (
In this case depicted, besides the organization of the fluid diagram, the refrigerating fluid reservoir R contains a low-pressure fluid reserve in the liquid state with a variable ratio of fluid to the gaseous state.
The presence of three-way valves and three exchangers E1, E2 and E4 make possible the functions of desuperheater and condenser for the exchanger E2, and condenser and evaporator for the exchangers E1 and E4.
The presence and the location of the valves VEM1 and VEM2 make possible the operation of the exchanger E2 as condenser with either the exchanger E4 as evaporator or the exchanger E1 as evaporator.
The presence and the location of the expansion valve D2 increases the yield of the refrigerating fluid by allowing a different condensation pressure between the compressor CP1 and the compressor CP2 in the case of heat production on the exchanger E2 and on the exchanger E1 with the valve V3 No. 1 closed, and the two compressors CP1 and CP2 in operation (
The arrangement of the different valves and expansion valves allows the possibility of managing the different exchangers in an insulated way and thus of being able to couple them in different combinations; this organization also makes possible the easy integration of one or more additional exchangers (Example in
The invention makes it possible to oversize the energy recovery battery on the outside medium and to increase its yield (E4,
The invention also makes possible the installation of a non-reversible exchanger that can be used in desuperheater mode of the delivery gases of the compressor(s) or can be used in condenser mode for total restoration of the energy of the refrigerating fluid that is condensed in the latter, or can be used in partial condensation mode for partial restoration of the calories of the refrigerating fluid that passes through this exchanger.
This exchanger is called E2 and is connected to a hydraulic circuit for a distribution of heat energy to one or more media requiring calories; this exchanger is not reversible.
The invention also makes possible the installation of a reversible exchanger that can be used in condenser mode of the delivery gases of the compressor(s) for total restoration of the energy of the condensed refrigerating fluid in the latter, or it can be used in evaporator mode for total evacuation of the refrigeration energy of the refrigerating fluid that passes through this exchanger. This exchanger is called E1 and is connected to a hydraulic circuit for a heat or refrigerating energy distribution to one or more media requiring calories or negative kilogram calories.
The invention also makes it possible for the exchanger E1 to recover heat energy that is not absorbed by the exchanger E2 when the latter is in desuperheater mode or if E2 is in partial condensation mode.
By the presence of these two exchangers E1 and E2 and without adding additional regulations or other mixing valves on the hydraulic circuits, we therefore have available a heat pump that is equipped with two hydraulic circuits:
A non-reversible hydraulic circuit E2 for the distribution of calories drawn from the outside exchanger E4 or from the exchanger E1 that operates in evaporator mode.
A reversible hydraulic circuit E1 for the distribution of calories drawn on the exchanger E4 and also this same circuit for the distribution of chilled water and an evacuation of calories to the exchanger E2, E4, or E2+E4.
The invention therefore makes possible the function of energy transfer, which means the possibility of recovering calories on the exchanger E1 in evaporator mode for the production of chilled water on the hydraulic circuit E1 and simultaneously the restoration of these calories for the heating of the hydraulic circuit E2 via the exchanger E2 in condenser mode or in desuperheater mode, or for an electrical consumption of 1 kw, a refrigeration production of 3.5 KW, and a heat production of 4.5 KW with a single machine.
This function is useful and very economical when a building is air-conditioned and when there is a simultaneous demand for heat production for the production of hot water for domestic use or the heating of a swimming pool.
To allow these functions and to improve the energy yield of the unit, certain refrigeration components have been created, and others have been used according to an innovative refrigeration diagram.
Among the elements created, we have a fluid/fluid exchanger E3. It consists of an inside cylinder that only empties into three taps No. 6, No. 7 and No. 19 (
No flow of fluid passes from the inside cylinder to the outside cylinder or from the outside cylinder to the inside cylinder.
The fact that the inside cylinder has been placed in the outside cylinder is only used to produce a heat exchange between the cold refrigerating fluid that passes through the exterior tube before being drawn in by the compressor(s) and the warmer refrigerating fluid that passes through the interior tube.
The heat exchange is done by the wall of the interior tube in the cross-section that is in contact with the refrigerating fluid that is contained in the exterior tube.
The tube with a small cross-section at the point 19 has the function of evacuating a portion of the fluid in the gaseous state that is created by the expansion by the expansion valve D1 when the latter is passed through from the point 8 to the point 7.
In this case depicted, the inside cylinder is supplied with low-pressure liquid refrigerating fluid with a minority ratio of fluid to the gaseous state.
The tube with a small cross-section at the point 19 has the function of reducing the ratio of fluid to the gaseous state by evacuating it from the interior tube at the point 19 to the point 20. The capillary 2 has the function of limiting the flow rate from the point 19 to the point 20 so as not to evacuate the fluid in the liquid state.
The differential heads of this capillary should be calculated so that the volume of refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state that is evacuated from the point 19 to the point 20 is less than the volume of refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state that is generated by the expansion valve D1 when the fluid passes through it from the point 8 to the point 7.
Thus, we will use a fluid with a smaller ratio of refrigerating fluid in the gaseous phase at the point 6 when E1 is in evaporator mode; this will increase the effectiveness of the exchanger E1 because of a better supply of liquid.
In the case where the refrigerating fluid passes through the expansion valve D1 from the point 7 to the point 8 (
With the diameter of the inside cylinder being at least 4 times larger than the liquid pipe at the points 6 and 7 (
The absence of four-way valves, the presence and the placement of the two-way and three-way valves 2, the placement of the two expansion valves, the presence and the placement of a capillary, and the placement of two expansion valves make an innovative fluid diagram.
So as to better understand the operation of this system, it is necessary to refer to
For
The plate exchangers are supplied with water by circulators that pulse the water through the latter.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 1 of 90° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E2, which is a plate exchanger that is irrigated with water by the circulator P2 for the distribution of calories.
The fluid that passes through the exchanger E2 is at high pressure and high temperature. With the water that passes through the exchanger E2 being colder than the fluid, the calories leave the fluid for the water circuit E2.
For example, we can have a temperature of the water circuit at the inlet of 45° C. and at the outlet of 48° C.
The refrigerating fluid that leaves the exchanger E2 at the point 2 is therefore colder than at the point No. 1.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 2 of 45° C.
The refrigerating fluid passes through the valve V3 No. 1, the point No. 3, the point No. 4, and the point No. 20 to then return to the exchanger E1.
With the water that passes through the exchanger E1 being colder than the fluid, the calories leave the fluid for the water circuit E1.
The refrigerating fluid condenses in the exchanger E1 and exits from the latter in high-pressure liquid form at the point No. 5.
For example, we can have a condensation temperature of 36° C., a temperature of the water circuit E1 at the inlet of 33° C. and at the outlet of 35° C.
The fluid passes through the nonreturn valve C1, and the point 6, and it returns to the inside cylinder of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3.
For example, at the point 6, the temperature of the fluid is 35° C.
The high-pressure condensed fluid is subcooled in the exchanger E3 and exits at the point 7.
For example, the temperature at the point 7 will be 30° C. or a subcooling of 5° C. by the exchanger E3.
The fluid passes through the expansion valve D1 where it is expanded and therefore in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 8.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 8 is −15° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E4 that is ventilated by the ventilator VENT.
The fluid enters into boiling by evacuating the negative kilogram calories into the passing air E4.
The refrigerating fluid leaves E4 at the point 9 in low-pressure gaseous form.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 9 will be −10° C.
The fluid passes through V3 No. 2 for the point 10.
The fluid returns to the exterior tube of the exchanger E3 and is superheated upon contact with the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 11 and is drawn in by the compressor CP1.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 11 is −5° C.
The presence of the exchanger E3 in this case depicted is innovative because it is placed on a high-pressure liquid cross-section of the refrigeration circuit that is not always supplied with high-pressure liquid in its interior tube.
The innovative design and location of the exchanger E3 allow this element to have functions that are different from those of requirements of calories and negative kilogram calories of the different exchangers that are installed.
In
The superheating of the intake gases and the subcooling of the liquid upstream from the expansion valve D1 make it possible to increase the percentage of fluid in the liquid state in the exchanger E4 and therefore to increase the mean coefficient of conductivity of the exchanger E4, or a gain for the energy yield of the unit.
The operation that is described in
For example, the high-pressure fluid temperature at the point 13 is 90° C.
Because the mixture of the gaseous stream that comes from the compressor No. 1 has a temperature of 45° C. and the gaseous stream that comes from the compressor No. 2 has a temperature of 90° C., the mixture of the two streams will have a temperature of 67.5° C. if the mass flow rate of the two compressors is identical.
In this case, the calories of the compressor No. 2 will be evacuated exclusively by the exchanger E1 on behalf of the water circuit E1.
For example, because of the increase of the heat power dissipated on exchanger E1, the condensation temperature increases to 40° C. and the water of the hydraulic circuit No. 1 enters at 33° C. and exits at 38° C.
The fluid passes through the nonreturn valve C1, the point 6, and it returns to the inside cylinder of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3.
For example, at the point 6, the temperature of the fluid is 40° C.
The high-pressure condensed fluid is subcooled in the exchanger E3 and exits at the point 7.
For example, the temperature at the point 7 will be 35° C., or a subcooling of 5° C. by the exchanger E3.
The fluid passes through the expansion valve D11 where it is expanded and therefore in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 8.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 8 is −18° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E4, which is ventilated by the ventilator VENT.
The fluid enters into boiling by evacuating the negative kilogram calories into the passing air E4. The refrigerating fluid leaves E4 at the point 9 in low-pressure gaseous form.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 9 will be −13° C.
The fluid passes through V3 No. 2 for the point 10. The fluid returns to the exterior tube of the exchanger E3 and is superheated upon contact with the interior tube of the exchanger E3. The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the points 11 and 12 and is drawn in by the compressors CP1 and CP2.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 12 is −8° C.
The functions of the exchanger E3 are identical for
The compressor CP1 compresses and delivers the refrigerating fluid to the point No. 1.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 1 of 110° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E2, which is a plate exchanger that is irrigated with water by the circulator P2 for the distribution of calories. The fluid that passes through the exchanger E2 is at high pressure and high temperature. With the water that passes through the exchanger E2 being colder than the fluid, the calories leave the fluid for the water circuit E2. In this case depicted, the fluid is condensed at 100% in the exchanger E2.
For example, we can have a temperature of the water circuit at the inlet of 60° C. and at the outlet of 65° C. with a condensation temperature of 65° C.
The refrigerating fluid that leaves the exchanger E2 at the point 2 is therefore condensed and is colder than at the point No. 1.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 2 of 64° C.
With the valve V3 No. 1 being closed, the refrigerating fluid passes through the point 15, the filter F, the point 16, the valve VEM2, and the expansion valve D2.
The fluid that passes through the expansion valve D2 is expanded and is therefore in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 18.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 18 is −15° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E4, which is ventilated by the ventilator VENT.
The fluid enters into boiling by evacuating the negative kilogram calories into the passing air E4. The refrigerating fluid leaves E4 at the point 9 in low-pressure gaseous form.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 9 will be −10° C.
The fluid passes through V3 No. 2 for the point 10.
The fluid returns to the exterior tube of the exchanger E3; because the flow rate of coolant in the inside cylinder of the exchanger E3 is zero, no superheating of the intake gases is implemented.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 11 and is drawn in by the compressor CP1. In this case, the temperature of the refrigerating fluid at the point No. 11 is the same as at the point No. 10.
The presence of the exchanger E3 in this case depicted is innovative because it is placed on a low-pressure liquid cross-section of the refrigeration circuit that is not always supplied with low-pressure liquid in its interior tube. The innovative design and location of the exchanger E3 allow this element to have functions that are different from those of requirements of calories and negative kilogram calories of the different exchangers that are installed.
In
This function is important because the exchanger E1, not being supplied with fluid, empties all of its fluid in the liquid state; it is therefore useful to be able to store this fluid in the volume of the inside cylinder of the exchanger E3, which itself remains cold.
If this function were not ensured, the exchanger E2 would have a reduced yield because of too large a quantity of fluid in the liquid state in the refrigeration circuit and in this same exchanger E2.
This operating mode is called energy transfer.
The compressor CP1 compresses and delivers the refrigerating fluid to the point No. 1. For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 1 of 90° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E2, which is a plate exchanger that is irrigated with water by the circulator P2 for the distribution of calories.
The fluid that passes through the exchanger E2 is at high pressure and high temperature. The water that passes through the exchanger E2 is colder than the fluid; the calories leave the fluid for the water circuit E2.
In this case depicted, the fluid is condensed at 100% in the exchanger E2. For example, we can have a temperature of the water circuit at the inlet of 60° C. and at the outlet of 65° C. with a condensation temperature of 65° C.
The refrigerating fluid that leaves the exchanger E2 at the point 2 is therefore condensed and is colder than at the point No. 1.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 2 of 64° C.
With the valve V3 No. 1 being closed, the refrigerating fluid passes through the point 15, the filter F, the point 16, the open valve VEM1, the point 17, the point 8, and the expansion valve D1. The fluid that passes through the expansion valve D1 is expanded and is therefore in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 7.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 7 is +10° C.
The fluid enters into the inside cylinder of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3 in the low-pressure liquid state and at a temperature of 10° C. with a variable ratio of low-pressure fluid in the gaseous state.
The ratio of low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state is found by gravity in the upper portion of the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
A portion of this volume of low-pressure refrigerating fluid is then evacuated via the degassing tube at the point 19, which is a tap in the upper portion of the interior tube of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3.
The low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state then passes through the capillary 2, the nonreturn valve C2, the point 20, the valve V3 No. 2, the point 10, and the point 11, and it is drawn in by the compressor No. 1.
All of the low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the liquid state and the remaining low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state that is not evacuated by the degassing tube at the point 19 exit at the point 6 of the interior tube of the exchanger E3 with a temperature that is equal to 10° C. and with a ratio of the low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state that is less than the point 7.
The fluid passes through the capillary 1 that has a loss of pressure that is equivalent to a drop in temperature of 9° C.
The fluid that is expanded by the capillary passes through the point 5 with a temperature that is equal to +1° C.
The fluid enters into the exchanger E1 where it enters into boiling by evacuating the negative kilogram calories on the water circuit E1.
The refrigerating fluid leaves E1 in low-pressure gaseous form.
The refrigerating fluid exits from the exchanger E1, passes through the point 20, V3 No. 2, and the point 10.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 10 will be +5° C.
The fluid returns to the exterior tube of the exchanger E3 and is superheated upon contact with the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 11 and is drawn in by the compressor CP1.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 11 is +7° C.
The presence of the exchanger E3 in this case depicted is innovative because it is placed on a low-pressure liquid cross-section of the refrigeration circuit that is not always supplied with low-pressure liquid in its interior tube.
The innovative design and location of the exchanger E3 allow this element to have functions that are different from those of requirements of calories and negative kilogram calories of the different exchangers that are installed.
In
If this function were not ensured, the exchanger E1 would have a reduced yield because of a smaller quantity of fluid in the liquid state in the refrigeration circuit at the point 5 and in the exchanger E1 in evaporator mode; this would reduce the mean conductivity coefficient in the exchanger E1 and therefore the energy yield of the unit.
This operating mode is called partial energy transfer.
The compressor CP1 compresses and delivers the refrigerating fluid to the point No. 1. For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 1 of 80° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E2, which is a plate exchanger that is irrigated with water by the circulator P2 for the distribution of calories.
The fluid that passes through the exchanger E2 is at high pressure and high temperature. The water that passes through the exchanger E2 is colder than the fluid; the calories leave the fluid for the water circuit E2.
In this case depicted, the fluid is partially desuperheated or condensed in the exchanger E2.
For example, in the case of a use of E2 as a desuperheater, without any condensation, we can have a temperature of the water circuit E2 at the inlet of 75° C. and at the outlet of 77° C. with a condensation temperature of 50° C.
The refrigerating fluid that leaves the exchanger E2 at the point 2 is therefore desuperheated and in the high-pressure gaseous state.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 2 of 75° C.
The refrigerating fluid passes through the valve V3 No. 1, the point 14, the point 9, enters into the exchanger E4, or it is condensed at 100%.
To do this, the ventilator VENT is in operation for the cooling of the exchanger E4.
In this case depicted, the evacuation of calories is done on the exchanger E2 on behalf of the water circuit E2 and on the exchanger E4 for evacuating excess heat energy toward the outside.
This function is useful for the storage of hot water for domestic use with a temperature that is greater than 65° C. for the elimination of bacteria in summer. The fluid exits from the exchanger E4 at the point 8 and passes through the expansion valve D1.
The fluid that passes through the expansion valve D1 is expanded and is therefore found in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 7. For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 7 is +10° C. The fluid enters into the inside cylinder of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3 in the low-pressure liquid state and at a temperature of 10° C. with a variable ratio of low-pressure fluid in the gaseous state.
The ratio of low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state is found by gravity in the upper portion of the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
A portion of this volume of low-pressure refrigerating fluid is then evacuated by the degassing tube at the point 19, which is a tap in the upper portion of the interior tube of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3.
The low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state then passes through the capillary 2, the nonreturn valve C2, the point 20, the valve V3 No. 2, the point 10, and the point 11, and it is drawn in by the compressor No. 1.
All of the low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the liquid state and the remaining low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state that is not evacuated by the degassing tube at the point 19 exit at the point 6 of the interior tube of the exchanger E3 with a temperature that is equal to 10° C. and with a ratio of the low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state that is less than the point 7.
The fluid passes through the capillary that has a loss of pressure that is equivalent to a drop in temperature of 9° C.
The fluid that is expanded by the capillary passes through the point 5 with a temperature that is equal to +1° C.
The fluid enters into the exchanger E1 where it enters into boiling by evacuating the negative kilogram calories on the water circuit E1.
The refrigerating fluid leaves E1 in low-pressure gaseous form. The refrigerating fluid exits from the exchanger E1, passes through the point 20, V3 No. 2, and the point 10.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 10 will be +5° C.
The fluid returns to the exterior tube of the exchanger E3 and is superheated upon contact with the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 11 and is drawn in by the compressor CP1.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 11 is +7° C.
The operation of the exchanger E3 in this case depicted is identical to the preceding case of
This operating mode is called a defrosting mode.
The defrosting of the outside battery is used to eliminate the ice that blocks and insulates the outside finned battery that recovers the heat energy in the outside air.
The compressor CP1 compresses and delivers the refrigerating fluid to the point No. 1. For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 1 of 80° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E2.
The circulator P2 is stopped so as not to transmit the calories to the water circuit E2. The refrigerating fluid that leaves the exchanger E2 at the point 2 is therefore in the high-pressure gaseous state and at the same temperature as at the point 1.
The refrigerating fluid passes through the valve V3 No. 1, the point 14, the point 9, enters into the exchanger E4, or it is condensed at 100%.
The ventilator VENT is stopped so as to preserve all of the heat energy of the refrigerating fluid for the defrosting of the battery.
The fluid exits from the exchanger E4 at the point 8, and passes through the expansion valve D1.
The fluid that passes through the expansion valve D1 is expanded and is therefore in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 7.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 7 is +10° C.
The fluid enters into the inside cylinder of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3 in the low-pressure liquid state and at a temperature of 10° C. with a variable ratio of low-pressure fluid in the gaseous state.
The ratio of low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state is found by gravity in the upper portion of the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
A portion of this volume of low-pressure refrigerating fluid is then evacuated by the degassing tube at the point 19, which is a tap in the upper portion of the interior tube of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3.
The low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state then passes through the capillary 2, the nonreturn valve C2, the point 20, the valve V3 No. 2, the point 10, and the point 11, and it is drawn in by the compressor No. 1.
All low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the liquid state and the remaining low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state that is not evacuated by the degassing tube at the point 19 exit at the point 6 of the interior tube of the exchanger E3 with a temperature that is equal to 10° C. and with a ratio of low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state that is less than the point 7.
The fluid passes through the capillary that has a loss of pressure that is equal to a drop in temperature of 9° C.
The fluid that is expanded by the capillary passes through the point 5 with a temperature that is equal to +1° C.
The fluid enters into the exchanger E1 where it enters into boiling by evacuating the negative kilogram calories into the water circuit E1.
The refrigerating fluid leaves E1 in low-pressure gaseous form.
The refrigerating fluid exits from the exchanger E1, passes through the point 20, V3 No. 2, and the point 10.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 10 will be +5° C.
The fluid returns to the exterior tube of the exchanger E3 and is superheated upon contact with the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 11 and is drawn in by the compressor CP1.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 11 is +7° C.
The compressor CP2 is put into operation so as to reduce the duration of the defrosting by increasing the defrosting power by one level that is equal to the absorbed power of the compressor CP2.
The compressor CP2 delivers the refrigerating fluid at the point 13.
The refrigerating fluid passes the point 4, the three-way valve No. 2, the point 10, and the exchanger E3, and it is drawn in by the compressor CP2 after the point 13.
During this process, no expansion valve is installed; the delivery gases of the compressor CP2 are low-pressure and in the gaseous state.
The thus conveyed gas is charged with heat energy that is consumed by the compressor No. 2 and makes it possible to superheat the mixed intake gases of the two compressors in the exterior tube of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3.
Thus, we increase the temperature of the gas stream at the point 11 and therefore also the delivery temperature of the CP1 at the point 1.
This has the consequence of increasing the defrosting power by proposing a mixed defrosting system by cycle reversal and also by hot gas.
The operation of the exchanger E3 in this case depicted is identical to the preceding case of
This operating mode is called a simple chilled water production mode.
The compressor CP1 compresses and delivers the refrigerating fluid to the point No. 1. For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 1 of 80° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E2.
In this case depicted, we are considering that the water circuit 2 has no calorie requirement and therefore the circulator P2 is stopped so as not to transmit the calories to the water circuit E2.
The refrigerating fluid that leaves the exchanger E2 at the point 2 is therefore in the high-pressure gaseous state and at the same temperature as at the point 1.
The refrigerating fluid passes through the valve V3 No. 1, the point 14, and the point 9, and it enters into the exchanger E4 where it is condensed at 100%.
The ventilator VENT is put into operation to cool the outside finned exchanger E4.
The fluid exits from the exchanger E4 at the point 8 and passes through the expansion valve D1.
The fluid that passes through the expansion valve D1 is expanded and is therefore under low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 7. For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 7 is +10° C.
The fluid enters into the inside cylinder of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3 in the low-pressure liquid state and at a temperature of 10° C. with a variable ratio of low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state.
The ratio of low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state is found by gravity in the upper portion of the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
A portion of this volume of low-pressure refrigerating fluid is then evacuated by the degassing tube at the point 19, which is a tap of the upper portion of the interior tube of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3.
The low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state then passes through the capillary 2, the nonreturn valve C2, the point 20, the valve V3 No. 2, the point 10, and the point 11, and it is drawn in by the compressor No. 1.
All of the low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the liquid state and the remaining low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state that is not evacuated by the degassing tube at the point 19 exit at the point 6 of the interior tube of the exchanger E3 with a temperature that is equal to 10° C. and with a ratio of low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state that is less at the point 7.
The fluid passes through the capillary that has a loss of pressure that is equivalent to a drop in temperature of 9° C.
The fluid that is expanded by the capillary passes through the point 5 with a temperature that is equal to +1° C.
The fluid enters into the exchanger E1 where it enters into boiling by evacuating the negative kilogram calories on the water circuit E1.
The refrigerating fluid leaves E1 in low-pressure gaseous form.
The refrigerating fluid exits from the exchanger E1, passes through the point 20, V3 No. 2, and the point 10.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 10 will be +5° C.
The fluid returns to the exterior tube of the exchanger E3 and is superheated upon contact with the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 11 and is drawn in by the compressor CP1.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 11 is +7° C.
The operation of the exchanger E3 in this case depicted is identical to the preceding case of the
The special feature of
The compressor CP1 compresses and delivers the refrigerating fluid to the point No. 1. For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 1 of 90° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E2, which is a plate exchanger that is irrigated with water by the circulator P2 for the distribution of calories.
The fluid that passes through the exchanger E2 is at high pressure and high temperature. With the water that passes through the exchanger E2 being colder than the fluid, the calories leave the fluid for the water circuit E2.
For example, we can have a temperature of the water circuit at the inlet of 45° C. and at the outlet of 48° C.
The refrigerating fluid that leaves the exchanger E2 at the point 2 is therefore colder than at the point No. 1.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 2 of 45° C.
The refrigerating fluid passes through the valve V3 No. 1, the point No. 3, and the point No. 4 and No. 20 to then return to the exchanger E1.
With the water that passes through the exchanger E1 being colder than the fluid, the calories leave the fluid for the water circuit E1.
The refrigerating fluid condenses in the exchanger E1 and exits from the latter in high-pressure liquid form at the point No. 5.
For example, we can have a condensation temperature of 36° C., a temperature of the water circuit E1 at the inlet of 33° C. and at the outlet of 35° C.
The fluid passes through the nonreturn valve C1, the point 6, and returns to the inside cylinder of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3.
For example, at the point 6, the temperature of the fluid is 35° C.
The high-pressure condensed fluid is subcooled in the exchanger E3 and exits at the point 7.
For example, the temperature at the point 7 will be 30° C. or a subcooling of 5° C. by the exchanger E3.
The fluid passes through the expansion valve D1 where it is expanded and therefore in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 8. For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 8 is −15° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E4 that is ventilated by the ventilator VENT.
The fluid enters into boiling by evacuating the negative kilogram calories into the passing air E4.
The refrigerating fluid leaves E4 at the point 9 in low-pressure gaseous form.
Upstream from the expansion valve D1 at the level of the point 7, a branch diverts a portion of the fluid in the high-pressure liquid state to the expansion valve D3. The fluid passes through the expansion valve D3 where it is expanded and therefore in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 8 is +1° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger that is supplied with water by the circulator P3.
For example, the water for supplying the exchanger E5 has an inlet temperature of +12° C. and an outlet temperature of +7° C.
The low-pressure refrigerating fluid enters into boiling and exits in the gaseous state of the exchanger 6 to then pass through the control valve P.
The control valve P is a valve with automatic constant pressure that keeps the prevailing pressure of the refrigerating fluid in the exchanger E5 at a minimum equivalent value of 0° C. so that the evaporation temperature is higher than the freezing temperature of the water circuit E3.
For example, we will consider that the evaporation temperature in the exchanger E5 is +1° C. and that the temperature of the refrigerating gas that passes through the valve at constant pressure has a temperature of +10° C. and a 100% gaseous state.
The gaseous streams that come from the exchanger E5 and the exchanger E4 mix at the level of the point 9.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 9 will be −5° C.
The fluid passes through V3 No. 2 for the point 10.
The fluid returns to the exterior tube of the exchanger E3 and is superheated upon contact with the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the points 11 and 12; it is drawn in by the compressors CP1 and CP2.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the points 11 and 12 is +1° C.
The compressor CP2 draws in the low-pressure gas at the point 12 and delivers the high-pressure fluid in the gaseous state at the point 13.
At the point 10, a stream of low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous and cold state enters into the outside cylinder of the exchanger E3.
The temperature of this fluid can be, for example, at a temperature of −10° C.
This stream of cold fluid in the gaseous state is in contact with the outside wall of the interior tube of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3.
The interior tube—being supplied with high-pressure fluid in the liquid state and at a temperature of, for example, 60° C., the stream of low-pressure refrigerating gas that comes from the point 10 and that exits at the point 11 to be drawn in by the compressor No. 1 and the point 12 to be drawn in by the compressor No. 2—is heated by the outside wall of the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
For example, the temperature at the points 11 and 12 can have a higher value of 10° C. relative to the point 10.
We will thus generate a superheating of the intake gases between the points 10 and 11 as well as between the points 10 and 12 when the compressor 2 is in operation.
Conversely, the high-pressure liquid in the liquid state that enters into the interior tube of the exchanger E3 is cooled by the wall of the interior tube upon contact with the cold gases of the exterior tube.
The diameter of the interior tube is to be at least 5 times greater than the diameter of the taps 6 and 7 so that the stream from the tube 6 does not move directly toward the tube 7. By the heat exchange of E3, the temperature of the fluid at the point 6 is higher than the temperature of the high-pressure refrigerating fluid in the liquid state that exits at the point 7.
We thus will generate a subcooling of the liquid between the points 6 and 7.
The tap at the point 19 has a zero flow rate because it ends at the point 20 and because the pressure at the point 20 is equivalent to that which prevails at the point 19.
At the point 10, a stream of low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous and cold state enters into the outside cylinder of the exchanger E3.
The temperature of this fluid can be, for example, at a temperature of +6° C.
This stream of cold fluid in the gaseous state is in contact with the outside wall of the interior tube of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3.
With the interior tube being supplied at the point 7 with low-pressure fluid in the liquid state and at a temperature of, for example, +10° C., the stream of low-pressure refrigerating gas that comes from the point 10 and that exits at the point 11 to be drawn in by the compressor No. 1 and the point 12 to be drawn in by the compressor No. 2 is heated by the outside wall of the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
For example, the temperature at the points 11 and 12 can have a value that is higher by 2° C. relative to the point 10.
We thus will generate a superheating of the intake gases between the points 10 and 11 as well as between the points 10 and 12 when the compressor 2 is in operation.
Conversely, the low-pressure liquid in the liquid state that enters into the interior tube of the exchanger E3 is cooled by the wall of the interior tube upon contact with the cold gases of the exterior tube.
The diameter of the interior tube is to be at least 5 times larger than the diameter of the taps 7 and 6 so that the stream from the tube 7 does not move directly toward the tube 6. The low-pressure liquid that enters into the interior tube of the exchanger E3 is in the liquid state with a small ratio in the gaseous state because of the expansion at D1.
The heat exchange of E3 will have the result of cooling the interior tube and thus condensing a small portion of the low-pressure fluid in the gaseous state that is present at the top of the interior tube.
Another portion of the fluid in the gaseous state at the top of the interior tube will be evacuated by the tap 19.
Due to the presence of the capillary 1, the exchanger E1 in evaporator mode as well as the point 20 are supplied with fluid that has a pressure that is lower than that at the point 19.
There will therefore be a gas stream between the point 19 to the point 20 because the pressure at the point 19 is higher than the point 20.
The gas flow rate will be limited by the capillary 2, which will be calibrated to not be able to evacuate the entire gas pocket at the top of the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
It would be detrimental to the system that the low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the liquid state passes through the capillary 2 following the evacuation of all of the fluid in the gaseous state.
For the high-power installations, the capillary can be replaced by a thermostatic expansion valve with a superheating that is regulated to 5° C.
By this innovative operation, the ratio of fluid to the liquid state at the point 6 is higher than the ratio of liquid that is present at the point 7.
The symbol named R is a reservoir of refrigerating fluid.
It compensates for the quantity of fluid that is necessary for the proper operation of the installation based on different functions of the exchangers, outside conditions, and different starting temperatures on the water circuits.
There is a simplified version of this technology; this version is adapted more particularly to mono-compressor machines or to machines that have at least two compressors but with a delivery pipe of the compressor No. 2 that joins the delivery pipe of the compressor No. 1 at the point 1 instead of joining point 4 as indicated in
In addition to this modification at the delivery level, the expansion valve D2 is eliminated, and the pipe that passes to the point 17 ends at the point 6 instead of ending at the point 8 as indicated in
The representation of the latter is done in
In
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 1 of 90° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E2, which is a plate exchanger that is irrigated with water by the circulator P2 for the distribution of calories.
The fluid that passes through the exchanger E2 is at high pressure and high temperature. With the water that passes through the exchanger E2 being colder than the fluid, the calories leave the fluid for the water circuit E2.
For example, we can have a temperature of the water circuit at the inlet of 45° C. and at the outlet of 48° C.
The refrigerating fluid that leaves the exchanger E2 at the point 2 is therefore colder than at the point No. 1.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 2 of 44° C.
The refrigerating fluid passes through the valve V3 No. 1, the point No. 3, the point No. 4, and the point No. 20 to then return to the exchanger E1.
With the water that passes through the exchanger E1 being colder than the fluid, the calories leave the fluid for the water circuit E1.
The refrigerating fluid condenses in the exchanger E1 and exits from the latter in high-pressure liquid form at the point No. 5.
For example, we can have a condensation temperature of 36° C., a temperature of the water circuit E1 at the inlet of 33° C. and at the outlet of 35° C.
The fluid passes through the nonreturn valve C1, the point 6, and it returns to the inside cylinder of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3.
For example, at the point 6, the temperature of the fluid is 35° C.
The high-pressure condensed fluid is subcooled in the exchanger E3 and exits at the point 7.
For example, the temperature at the point 7 will be 30° C. or a subcooling of 5° C. due to the exchanger E3.
The fluid passes through the expansion valve D1 where it is expanded and therefore in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 8.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 8 is −15° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E4 that is ventilated by the ventilator VENT.
The fluid enters into boiling by evacuating the negative kilogram calories into the passing air E4.
The refrigerating fluid leaves E4 at the point 9 in low-pressure gaseous form. For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 9 will be −10° C.
The fluid passes through V3 No. 2 for the point 10.
The fluid returns to the exterior tube of the exchanger E3 and is superheated upon contact with the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 11 and is drawn in by the compressor CP1. For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 11 is −5° C.
The presence of the exchanger E3 in this case depicted is innovative because it is placed on a high-pressure liquid cross-section of the refrigeration circuit that is not always supplied with high-pressure liquid in its interior tube.
The innovative design and location of the exchanger E3 allow this element to have functions that are different from those of requirements of calories and negative kilogram calories of the different exchangers that are installed.
In
The superheating of the intake gases and the subcooling of the liquid upstream from the expansion valve D1 make it possible to increase the percentage of fluid in the liquid state in the exchanger E4 and therefore to increase the mean coefficient of conductivity of the exchanger E4, or a gain for the energy yield of the unit.
In
The operation that is described in
Increase of the mass flow rate of the fluid because of the activation of the compressor No. 2.
Compression and delivery of the fluid at the point 1 by the compressor CP1.
Compression and delivery of the fluid at the point 13 by the compressor CP2.
Mixture of these two streams at the point No. 1.
In this case, the calories of the compressors No. 1 and No. 2 will be evacuated by the exchangers E1 and E2 for the benefit of the water circuits E1 and E2.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E2, which is a plate exchanger that is irrigated with water by the circulator P2 for the distribution of calories.
The fluid that passes through the exchanger E2 is at high pressure and high temperature. With the water that passes through the exchanger E2 being colder than the fluid, the calories leave the fluid for the water circuit E2.
For example, we can have a temperature of the water circuit at the inlet of 45° C. and at the outlet of 48° C.
The refrigerating fluid that leaves the exchanger E2 at the point 2 is therefore colder than at the point No. 1.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 2 of 45° C.
The refrigerating fluid passes through the valve V3 No. 1, the point No. 3, the point No. 4, and the point No. 20 to then return to the exchanger E1.
With the water that passes through the exchanger E1 being colder than the fluid, the calories leave the fluid for the water circuit E1.
The refrigerating fluid condenses in the exchanger E1 and exits from the latter in high-pressure liquid form at the point No. 5.
For example, we can have a condensation temperature of 36° C., a temperature of the water circuit E1 at the inlet of 33° C., and at the outlet of 35° C. The fluid passes through the nonreturn valve C1, the point 6, and returns to the inside cylinder of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3.
For example, in the point 6, the temperature of the fluid is 35° C.
The high-pressure condensed fluid is subcooled in the exchanger E3 and exits at the point 7.
For example, the temperature at the point 7 will be 30° C. or a subcooling of 5° C. due to the exchanger E3.
The fluid passes through the expansion valve D1 where it is expanded and therefore in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 8.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 8 is −15° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E4, which is ventilated by the ventilator VENT.
The fluid enters into boiling by evacuating the negative kilogram calories into the passing air E4.
The refrigerating fluid leaves E4 at the point 9 in low-pressure gaseous form. For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 9 will be −10° C.
The fluid passes through V3 No. 2 for the point 10.
The fluid returns to the exterior tube of the exchanger E3 and is superheated upon contact with the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 11 and is drawn in by the compressor CP1. For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 11 is −5° C.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 12 and is drawn in by the compressor CP2. The functions of the exchanger E3 are identical to
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 12 is −5° C.
In
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 1 of 110° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E2, which is a plate exchanger that is irrigated with water by the circulator P2 for the distribution of calories.
The fluid that passes through the exchanger E2 is at high pressure and high temperature. With the water that passes through the exchanger E2 being colder than the fluid, the calories leave the fluid for the water circuit E2.
In this case depicted, the fluid is condensed at 100% in the exchanger E2.
For example, we can have a temperature of the water circuit at the inlet of 60° C. and at the outlet of 65° C. with a condensation temperature of 65° C. The refrigerating fluid that leaves the exchanger E2 at the point 2 is therefore condensed and is colder than at the point No. 1.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 2 of 64° C.
With the valve V3 No. 1 being closed, the refrigerating fluid passes through the point 15, the filter F, the point 16, the valve VEM2, the point 17, the point 6, the exchanger E3, the point 7, and the expansion valve D1.
The fluid that passes through the expansion valve D1 is expanded and is therefore in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 8. For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 8 is −15° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E4, which is ventilated by the ventilator VENT.
The fluid enters into boiling by evacuating the negative kilogram calories into the passing air E4. The refrigerating fluid leaves E4 at the point 9 in low-pressure gaseous form.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 9 will be −10° C.
The fluid passes through V3 No. 2 for the point 10.
The fluid returns to the exterior tube of the exchanger E3 and is superheated upon contact with the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 11 and is drawn in by the compressor CP1. For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 11 is −5° C.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 12 and is drawn in by the compressor CP2. For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 12 is −5° C.
This function is important because the exchanger E1, not being supplied with fluid, empties all of its fluid in the liquid state; it is therefore useful to be able to store this fluid in the volume of the inside cylinder of the exchanger E3, which itself remains cold.
If this function were not ensured, the exchanger E2 would have a reduced yield because of too large a quantity of fluid in the liquid state in the refrigeration circuit and in this same exchanger E2.
In
This operating mode is called energy transfer.
The compressor CP1 and the compressor CP2 compress and deliver the refrigerating fluid to the points No. 1 and No. 13.
The junction of the delivery tube of the compressor No. 2 is made at the point 1. For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 1 of 90° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E2, which is a plate exchanger that is irrigated with water by the circulator P2 for the distribution of calories.
The fluid that passes through the exchanger E2 is at high pressure and high temperature. The water that passes through the exchanger E2 is colder than the fluid; the calories leave the fluid for the water circuit E2.
In this case depicted, the fluid is condensed at 100% in the exchanger E2. For example, we can have a temperature of the water circuit at the inlet of 60° C. and at the outlet of 65° C., with a condensation temperature of 65° C.
The refrigerating fluid that leaves the exchanger E2 at the point 2 is therefore condensed and is colder than at the point No. 1.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 2 of 64° C.
With the valve V3 No. 1 being closed, the refrigerating fluid passes through the point 15, the filter F, the point 16, the open valve VEM1, the point 18, the point 8, and the expansion valve D1.
The fluid that passes through the expansion valve D1 is expanded and is therefore in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 7.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 7 is +10° C.
The fluid enters into the inside cylinder of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3 in the low-pressure liquid state and at a temperature of 10° C. with a variable ratio of low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state.
The ratio of low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state is found by gravity in the upper portion of the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
A portion of this volume of low-pressure refrigerating fluid is then evacuated via the degassing tube at the point 19, which is a tap in the upper portion of the interior tube of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3.
The low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state then passes through the capillary 2, the nonreturn valve C2, the point 20, the valve V3 No. 2, the point 10, and the point 11, and it is drawn in by the compressor No. 1.
All of the low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the liquid state and the remaining low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state that is not evacuated by the degassing tube at the point 19 exit at the point 6 of the interior tube of the exchanger E3 with a temperature that is equal to 10° C. and with a ratio of low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state that is less than the point 7.
The fluid passes through the capillary 1 that has a loss of pressure that is equivalent to a drop in temperature of 9° C.
The fluid that is expanded by the capillary 1 passes through the point 5 with a temperature that is equal to +1° C.
The fluid enters into the exchanger E1 where it enters into boiling by evacuating the negative kilogram calories on the water circuit E1.
The refrigerating fluid leaves E1 in low-pressure gaseous form. The refrigerating fluid exits from the exchanger E1, passes through the point 20, V3 No. 2, and the point 10.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 10 will be +5° C.
The fluid returns to the exterior tube of the exchanger E3 and is superheated upon contact with the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 11 and is drawn in by the compressor CP1. For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 11 is +7° C.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 12 and is drawn in by the compressor CP2. For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 12 is +7° C.
In
The presence of the exchanger E3 in this case depicted is innovative because it is placed on a low-pressure liquid cross-section of the refrigeration circuit that is not always supplied with low-pressure liquid in its interior tube.
The innovative design and location of the exchanger E3 allow this element to have functions that are different from those of requirements of calories and negative kilogram calories of the different exchangers that are installed.
In
If this function were not ensured, the exchanger E1 would have a reduced yield because of a smaller quantity of fluid in the liquid state in the refrigeration circuit at the point 5 and in the exchanger E1 in evaporator mode; this would reduce the mean conductivity coefficient in the exchanger E1 and therefore the energy yield of the unit.
This operating mode is called partial energy transfer.
The compressor CP1 and the compressor CP2 compress and deliver the refrigerating fluid to the points No. 1 and No. 13.
The junction of the delivery tube of the compressor No. 2 is made at the point 1. For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 1 of 80° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E2, which is a plate exchanger that is irrigated with water by the circulator P2 for the distribution of calories.
The fluid that passes through the exchanger E2 is at high pressure and high temperature. The water that passes through the exchanger E2 is colder than the fluid; the calories leave the fluid for the water circuit E2.
In this case depicted, the fluid is partially desuperheated or condensed in the exchanger E2.
For example, in the case of E2 being used as a desuperheater without any condensation, we can have a temperature of the water circuit E2 at the inlet of 75° C. and at the outlet of 77° C. with a condensation temperature of 50° C.
The refrigerating fluid that leaves the exchanger E2 at the point 2 is therefore desuperheated and in the high-pressure gaseous state.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 2 of 75° C. The refrigerating fluid passes through the valve V3 No. 1, the point 14, and the point 9, and it enters into the exchanger E4, where it is condensed at 100%.
To do this, the ventilator VENT is in operation for the cooling of the exchanger E4.
In this case depicted, the evacuation of calories is done on the exchanger E2 on behalf of the water circuit E2 and on the exchanger E4 for evacuating excess heat energy toward the outside.
This function is useful for the storage of hot water for domestic use with a temperature that is higher than 65° C. for the elimination of bacteria in summer.
The fluid exits from the exchanger E4 at the point 8 and passes through the expansion valve D1.
The fluid that passes through the expansion valve D1 is expanded and is therefore found in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 7. For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 7 is +10° C. The fluid enters into the inside cylinder of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3 in the low-pressure liquid state and at a temperature of 10° C. with a variable ratio of low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state.
The ratio of low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state is found by gravity in the upper portion of the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
A portion of this volume of low-pressure refrigerating fluid is then evacuated by the degassing tube at the point 19, which is a tap in the upper portion of the interior tube of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3.
The low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state then passes through the capillary 2, the nonreturn valve C2, the point 20, the valve V3 No. 2, the point 10, and the points 11 and 12, and it is drawn in by the compressors CP1 and CP2.
All of the low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the liquid state and the remaining low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state that is not evacuated by the degassing tube at the point 19 exit at the point 6 of the interior tube of the exchanger E3 with a temperature that is equal to 10° C. and with a ratio of the low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state that is less than the point 7.
The fluid passes through the capillary that has a loss of pressure that is equivalent to a drop in temperature of 9° C.
The fluid that is expanded by the capillary passes through the point 5 with a temperature that is equal to +1° C.
The fluid enters into the exchanger E1 where it enters into boiling by evacuating the negative kilogram calories on the water circuit E1.
The refrigerating fluid leaves E1 in low-pressure gaseous form. The refrigerating fluid exits from the exchanger E1, passes through the point 20, V3 No. 2, and the point 10.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 10 will be +5° C.
The fluid returns to the exterior tube of the exchanger E3 and is superheated upon contact with the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 11 and is drawn in by the compressor CP1.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 11 is +7° C.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 12 and is drawn in by the compressor CP2.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 12 is +7° C.
The operation of the exchanger E3 in this case depicted is identical to the preceding case of
In
This operating mode is called a defrosting mode.
The defrosting of the outside battery is used to eliminate the ice that blocks and insulates the outside finned battery that recovers the heat energy in the outside air. The compressor CP1 compresses and delivers the refrigerating fluid to the point No. 1.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 1 of 80° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E2.
The circulator P2 is stopped so as not to transmit the calories to the water circuit E2. The refrigerating fluid that leaves the exchanger E2 at the point 2 is therefore in the high-pressure gaseous state and at the same temperature as at the point 1.
The refrigerating fluid passes through the valve V3 No. 1, the point 14, and the point 9, and it enters into the exchanger E4, where it is condensed at 100%.
The ventilator VENT is stopped so as to preserve all of the heat energy of the refrigerating fluid for the defrosting of the battery.
The fluid exits from the exchanger E4 at the point 8, and passes through the expansion valve D1. The fluid that passes through the expansion valve D1 is expanded and is therefore in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 7.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 7 is +10° C.
The fluid enters into the inside cylinder of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3 in the low-pressure liquid state and at a temperature of 10° C. with a variable ratio of low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state.
The ratio of low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state is found by gravity in the upper portion of the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
A portion of this volume of low-pressure refrigerating fluid is then evacuated by the degassing tube at the point 19, which is a tap in the upper portion of the interior tube of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3.
The low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state then passes through the capillary 2, the nonreturn valve C2, the point 20, the valve V3 No. 2, the point 10, and the point 11, and it is drawn in by the compressor No. 1.
All of the low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the liquid state and the remaining low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state that is not evacuated by the degassing tube at the point 19 exit at the point 6 of the interior tube of the exchanger E3 with a temperature that is equal to 10° C. and with a ratio of the low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state that is less than the point 7.
The fluid passes through the capillary that has a loss of pressure that is equivalent to a drop in temperature of 9° C.
The fluid that is expanded by the capillary 1 passes through the point 5 with a temperature that is equal to +1° C.
The fluid enters into the exchanger E1 where it enters into boiling by evacuating the negative kilogram calories on the water circuit E1. The refrigerating fluid leaves E1 in low-pressure gaseous form. The refrigerating fluid exits from the exchanger E1, passes through the point 20, V3 No. 2, and the point 10.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 10 will be +5° C.
The fluid returns to the exterior tube of the exchanger E3 and is superheated upon contact with the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 11 and is drawn in by the compressor CP1.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 11 is +7° C.
The operation of the exchanger E3 in this case depicted is identical to the preceding case of
In
This operating mode is called a simple chilled water production mode.
The compressor CP1 and the compressor CP2 compress and deliver the refrigerating fluid to the points No. 1 and No. 13.
The junction of the delivery tube of the compressor No. 2 is made at the point 1.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 1 of 80° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E2.
In this case depicted, we are considering that the water circuit E2 has no calorie requirement and therefore the circulator P2 is stopped so as not to transmit the calories to the water circuit E2.
The refrigerating fluid that leaves the exchanger E2 at the point 2 is therefore in the high-pressure gaseous state and at the same temperature as at the point 1.
The refrigerating fluid passes through the valve V3 No. 1, the point 14, the point 9, and enters into the exchanger E4, where it is condensed at 100%.
The ventilator VENT is in operation to cool the outside finned exchanger E4. The fluid exits from the exchanger E4 at the point 8 and passes through the expansion valve D1. The fluid that passes through the expansion valve D1 is expanded and is therefore in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 7.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 7 is +10° C.
The fluid enters into the inside cylinder of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3 in the low-pressure liquid state and at a temperature of 10° C. with a variable ratio of low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state.
The ratio of low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state is found by gravity in the upper portion of the interior tube of the exchanger E3.
A portion of this volume of low-pressure refrigerating fluid is then evacuated via the degassing tube at the point 19, which is a tap in the upper portion of the interior tube of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3.
The low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state then passes through the capillary 2, the nonreturn valve C2, the point 20, the valve V3 No. 2, the point 10, and the point 11, and it is drawn in by the compressor No. 1.
All of the low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the liquid state and the remaining low-pressure refrigerating fluid in the gaseous state that is not evacuated by the degassing tube at the point 19 exit at the point 6 of the interior tube of the exchanger E3 with a temperature that is equal to 10° C. and with a ratio of the low-pressure fluid to the gaseous state that is less than the point 7.
The fluid passes through the capillary that has a loss of pressure that is equivalent to a drop in temperature of 9° C.
The fluid that is expanded by the capillary passes through the point 5 with a temperature that is equal to +1° C.
The fluid enters into the exchanger E1 where it enters into boiling by evacuating the negative kilogram calories on the water circuit E1.
The refrigerating fluid leaves E1 in low-pressure gaseous form.
The refrigerating fluid exits from the exchanger E1, passes through the point 20, V3 No. 2, and the point 10.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 10 will be +5° C.
The fluid returns to the exterior tube of the exchanger E3 and is superheated upon contact with the interior tube of the exchanger E3. The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 11 and is drawn in by the compressor CP1.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 11 is +7° C.
The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the point 12 and is drawn in by the compressor CP1.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 12 is +7° C. The operation of the exchanger E3 in this case depicted is identical to the preceding case of
The compressor CP1 compresses and delivers the refrigerating fluid to the point No. 1.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 1 of 110° C.
The fluid passes through the exchanger E2, which is a plate exchanger that is irrigated with water by the circulator P2 for the distribution of calories.
The fluid that passes through the exchanger E2 is at high pressure and high temperature. With the water that passes through the exchanger E2 being colder than the fluid, the calories leave the fluid for the water circuit E2. In this case depicted, the fluid is condensed at 100% in the exchanger E2.
For example, we can have a temperature of the water circuit at the inlet of 60° C. and at the outlet of 65° C. with a condensation temperature of 65° C.
The refrigerating fluid that leaves the exchanger E2 at the point 2 is therefore condensed and colder than at the point No. 1.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 2 of 64° C.
With the valve V3 No. 1 being closed, the refrigerating fluid passes through the point 15, the filter F, the point 16, the valve VEM2, and the expansion valve D2.
The fluid that passes through the expansion valve D2 is expanded and is therefore in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 18.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 18 is −15° C.
The compressor CP2 compresses and delivers the refrigerating fluid to the point No. 13. For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 13 of 60° C.
The fluid passes through the point 4, and the point 20, and it enters into the exchanger E1, which is a plate exchanger that is irrigated with water by the circulator P2 for the distribution of calories.
The fluid that passes through the exchanger E1 is at high pressure and high temperature. With the water that passes through the exchanger E1 being colder than the fluid, the calories leave the fluid for the water circuit E1.
In this case depicted, the fluid is condensed at 100% in the exchanger E1.
For example, we can have a temperature of the water circuit at the inlet of 30° C. and at the outlet of 35° C. with a condensation temperature of 38° C.
The refrigerating fluid that leaves the exchanger E1 at the point 5 is therefore condensed and is colder than at the point No. 20.
For example, we can have a reference temperature at the point No. 2 of 37° C.
The refrigerating fluid that comes from the point 5 passes through the nonreturn valve C1, the point 6, enters into the interior tube of the fluid/fluid exchanger E3, passes through the point 7, and passes through and is expanded by the expansion valve D1.
The fluid that passes through the expansion valve D1 is expanded and is therefore in low-pressure liquid form with a minority ratio in the gaseous phase at the point 8.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 8 is −15° C.
The streams of refrigerating fluid that come from the point 8 and the point 18 are mixed at the inlet of the exchanger E4. The fluid passes through the exchanger E4, which is ventilated by the ventilator VENT. The fluid enters into boiling by evacuating the negative kilogram calories in the passing air E4. The refrigerating fluid leaves the exchanger E4 at the point 9 in the low-pressure gaseous form.
For example, the temperature of the fluid at the point 9 will be −10° C.
The fluid passes through V3 No. 2 for the point 10.
The fluid returns to the exterior tube of the exchanger E3 and is superheated upon contact with the interior tube of the exchanger E3. The fluid leaves the exchanger E3 at the points 11 and 12 and is drawn in by the compressors CP1 and CP2.
In the case of
The lower the condensation temperature and the higher the energy yield of the compressor, this possibility is therefore beneficial to the overall yield of the installation.
This possibility of operation is particular to the principle in its fluid diagram with the integration of the expansion valve D2 (
The simplified version of the fluid diagram that eliminates the expansion valve D2 does not allow a different condensation temperature between E1 and E2, but it makes possible a reduction of the production cost (
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 08 03258 | Jun 2008 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2009/057310 | 6/12/2009 | WO | 00 | 5/19/2011 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009/150234 | 12/17/2009 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2091787 | Locke | Aug 1937 | A |
| 2255739 | Curtis | Sep 1941 | A |
| 2843024 | Armitage et al. | Jul 1958 | A |
| 2956454 | Hansen | Oct 1960 | A |
| 2994021 | Hinz | Jul 1961 | A |
| 3126713 | Parker | Mar 1964 | A |
| 3885938 | Ordonez | May 1975 | A |
| 4189929 | Russell | Feb 1980 | A |
| 4418548 | Sawyer | Dec 1983 | A |
| 4926652 | Kitamoto | May 1990 | A |
| 6427460 | Zanon | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6453691 | Seo et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 7165420 | Song et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 20 2006 010412 | Sep 2006 | DE |
| 1 788 325 | May 2007 | EP |
| 0239033 | May 2002 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report, dated Aug. 6, 2009, from corresponding PCT application. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20110209491 A1 | Sep 2011 | US |
