Patent Application
20140020627
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a roll-to-roll thin film coating machine forming a film using atomic layer deposition by continuously depositing a stack of atomic layers on a surface of a windable flexible base member.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, techniques are known of winding a long length of rolled windable substrate such as a paper, a plastic film, or the like in a vacuum and sequentially forming metal, metal oxide, or the like thereon by a film coating method such as evaporation coating, sputtering, or the like.
Such techniques are utilized for methods of manufacturing metallic luster films used for purls, gas barrier films for food packaging, electrodes for film capacitors, optical films such as anti-reflective film, or the like.
In recent years, as an intended use of gas barrier films, demand for commercialization of a transparent gas barrier film with high-level gas barrier properties such that the moisture vapor transmission rate thereof is 10−6 g/(m2·day) has been increasing in order for development of an organic EL display of a flexible base member, organic EL illumination, organic solar cells which use organic semiconductors.
To meet this need, a winding apparatus using atomic layer deposition has been studied.
The atomic layer deposition is known as a method of forming a dense thin film. From the viewpoint of advantage of the characteristics of the atomic layer deposition, the atomic layer deposition is used when an insulating film is formed in DRAMs or a TFTs.
Conventionally, a deposition step of a thin film is carried out by batch processing, and an apparatus have been developed which processes a plurality of Si wafers at the same time for improvement of productivity, however, there is a limit to the productivity.
Additionally, such a batch processing apparatus cannot continuously form a film on a windable base member.
In order to solve the problem, apparatuses disclosed by PCT International Publication No. WO 07/112,370 (hereinafeter, Patent Document 1) and Published Japanese Translation No. 2009-540122 of PCT International Publication (hereinafeter, Patent Document 2) have been proposed.
Patent Documents 1 and 2 show a technique of successively forming a thin film by atomic layer deposition.
In the process of depositing a stack of atomic layers, the one cyclic operation of atomic layer deposition processes including a step of adsorbing first precursors onto a surface of the base member, a step of purging excessive first precursors, a step of reacting the first precursors and second precursors by exposing the first precursors to the second precursors, and a step of purging excessive second precursors are repeated multiple times.
Consequently, a thin film having a desired film thickness can be obtained.
Particularly, materials disclosed by, for example, M. Ritala and another person, “Atomic Layer Deposition”, Hand book of Thin Film Materials), the United States, Academic Press (AcademicPress), 2002, Vol. 1, Chapter 2, P. 103-159 (hereinafter, Non-Patent Document 1) can be used as precursors.
Generally, a layer of approximately 0.01 nm to 0.2 nm, and approximately 0.1 nm is averagely formed in one cyclic operation of atomic layer deposition.
A desired film thickness varies depending on the intended use; in order to obtain a film having high-level gas barrier properties such that the moisture vapor transmission is 10−6 g/(m2·day) or less, in the case of aluminum oxide, it is generally known that 10 nm or more is necessary.
For this reason, it is necessary to perform a commonly-used one cyclic operation of atomic layer deposition a hundred times in order to obtain an aluminum oxide layer having the film thickness of 10 nm.
On the other hand, Published Japanese Translation No. 2007-522344 of PCT International Publication (hereinafter Patent Document 3) discloses a winding-up atomic layer deposition apparatus using a rotating drum.
In this apparatus, a stack of atomic layers is deposited on the base member while the base member is located on the rotating drum.
Moreover, Published Japanese Translation No. 2009-531548 of PCT International Publication (Patent Document 4) discloses a winding-up atomic layer deposition apparatus using a spray manifold.
In this apparatus, a stack of atomic layers is deposited on the base member when the base member passes near the spray manifold.
However, the apparatuses disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the base member must pass through 100 sets of guide rollers in order to obtain an atomic-layer-deposited film having a film thickness of 10 nm.
This means that the atomic-layer-deposited film comes into contact with the guide rollers a hundred times.
There is a risk of damage to the atomic-layer-deposited film or generation of particles which are caused by friction or slipping in accordance with the contact of the atomic-layer-deposited film and the guide rollers.
Furthermore, there is a concern that the performance of the atomic-layer-deposited film deteriorates due to the damage to or the particles attached to the atomic-layer-deposited film.
The performance required for a gas barrier film used for a conventional food packaging is approximately 10−1 g/(m2·day) in moisture vapor transmission rate, a small defect (scratches, pinholes, particle adhesion, or the like) is not a problem.
However, high performance such that the moisture vapor transmission rate is 10−6 g/(m2·day) or less is required for the intended use of organic EL displays, polymer solar cells, or organic semiconductors; even in a case where a small defect occurs in the aforementioned devices, inadmissible degradation in performance may occur.
There is a description of a transfer mechanism in the paragraph 0007 in Patent Document 1, however, it is only disclosed that, a guide that uses a roller and can support the base member when at least the transfer direction of the base member is converted is desirable.
Additionally, there is also a description of the transfer mechanism in the paragraph 0030, however, use of a roller as a transfer mechanism is only disclosed.
On the other hand, regarding a transfer method, Patent Document 2 discloses “Particularly, contact between a roller 22 and a base member 20 should be maintained to be minimized. This is carried out by mounting a spool-shaped . . . on a large diameter portion of the roller 22” (paragraph 0013).
However, if the thickness of the base member is thin and the rigidity thereof is low, the base member comes into contact with not only the large diameter portion but also the entire spool configuration.
When an atomic-layer-deposited film comes into contact with a guide roller, a defect such as a microscopic pinhole or the like is generated on the atomic-layer-deposited film, and it is thereby impossible to obtain an intended performance.
Particularly, in the case where a low-rigidity base member such as a thin-plastic-film base member, a fabric, or the like is used, the contact between the roller and the base member cannot be prevented.
Moreover, in addition to the above description, Patent Document 2 discloses “Alternatively, a grasping portion, which sandwiches the base member 20 as the base member 20 is wound around each roller 22, can be provided at edge portions of the roller 22” (paragraph 0013), but does not specifically disclose an attachment method of the grasping portion and the roller edge portions, and a transfer mechanism.
Additionally, according to the devices disclosed in Patent Documents 3 and 4, a stack of atomic layers is not deposited on a surface of the base member which is in contact with a rotating drum or a surface of the base member which is not exposed to a spray manifold.
Therefore, Patent Documents 3 and 4 do not suggest problems such as damage to an atomic-layer-deposited film due to contact between a guide roller and a base member in a processing step which is caused by using the devices disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, and a degradation in gas bather properties due to the damage.
The invention was made in view of the above-described problems and has an object to provide an apparatus which can carry out the processing of continuously forming an atomic-layer-deposited film on a windable base member without allowing a guide roller to come into contact with the base member.
The invention has an object to provide an apparatus which prevents the base member from slipping at both end portions of the base member by use of a suction-type transfer mechanism without allowing a guide roller to come into contact with the base member with the exception of both end portions of the base member which are the portions to be held, and which can carry out the processing of stably and continuously forming an atomic-layer-deposited film on a windable base member.
The above-described suction type refers to as a system in which a plurality of holes are provided on a roller surface, and a film base member or the like is suctioned and attached to the roller surface by vacuuming the base member through the holes.
In order to solve the above-described problems, the inventors invented a mechanism which can transfer a base member in a state where a film formation face thereof does not come into contact with a guide roller so that a dense atomic-layer-deposited film is not damaged by transfer of the base member.
A roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of a first aspect of the invention is an apparatus using atomic layer deposition, including: a first vacuum chamber into which a first precursor gas is introduced; a second vacuum chamber into which a second precursor gas is introduced; a third vacuum chamber into which a purge gas is introduced, the purge gas discharging the first precursors and the second precursors; and a transfer mechanism transferring a windable base member through the first vacuum chamber, the second vacuum chamber, and the third vacuum chamber, the transfer mechanism including a holding unit holding both end portions of the base member in a width direction thereof, the transfer mechanism allowing the base member to alternately pass through the first vacuum chamber and the second vacuum chamber multiple times, thereby forming an atomic-layer-deposited film by depositing a stack of atomic layers on a surface of the base member.
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the first aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the holding unit be a sandwich-holding unit holding both end portions of the base member in the width direction thereof.
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the first aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the sandwich-holding unit sandwich both end portions of the base member in the width direction thereof between a plurality of sandwich-holding members.
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the first aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the sandwich-holding unit sandwich both end portions of the base member in the width direction thereof between continuous sandwich-holding members.
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the first aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the holding unit be a support unit supporting both end portions of the base member in the width direction thereof at one surface of the base member.
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the first aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the base member have a plurality of hole portions at both end portions in the width direction thereof, and the support unit support the hole portions by support portions having projecting portions fitting thereinto.
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the first aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the sandwich-holding unit sandwich both end portions of the base member in the width direction thereof at a top face and a back face between a plurality of rollers, and at least one of the rollers include a drive mechanism.
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the first aspect of the invention, it is preferable that, of the rollers, the roller holding the top face or the roller holding the back face include a mechanism capable of varying a rotation axis.
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the first aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the transfer mechanism be located so that a part constituting the transfer mechanism does not pass through the first vacuum chamber and the second vacuum chamber.
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the first aspect of the invention, it is preferable that a surface of the part constituting the transfer mechanism be formed of a material which is capable of preventing a first precursor gas or a second precursor gas from being chemisorbed thereonto.
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the first aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the transfer mechanism be located so that a part constituting the transfer mechanism passes through the first vacuum chamber and the second vacuum chamber.
It is preferable that the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the first aspect of the invention further include a protection-layer formation unit forming a protection layer on a surface of the atomic-layer-deposited film.
In order to solve the above-described problems, the inventors invented a mechanism which can transfer a base member while preventing the base member from slipping at both end portions of the base member in a state where a film formation face does not come into contact with a guide roller with the exception of both end portions of the base member which are the portions to be held so that a dense atomic-layer-deposited film is not damaged by transfer of the base member.
A roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of a second aspect of the invention is an apparatus using atomic layer deposition, including: a plurality of vacuum chambers into which two or more precursor gases are introduced; and a transfer mechanism used for transferring a base member to the vacuum chambers alternately multiple times, and including a holding unit holding both end portions of the base member in the width direction thereof by suction, wherein an atomic-layer-deposited film is formed by adsorbing precursors onto a surface of the base member.
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the second aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the transfer mechanism be constituted of a plurality of rollers, holes be provided on surfaces of the rollers, and the holding unit hold the base member by suctioning the base member through the hole.
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the second aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the base member have a top face and a back face, the rollers be arranged at the top face and the back face, at least one of the rollers include a drive mechanism, holes be provided on a surface of at least one of the rollers arranged at the top face and the back face, and the holding unit hold the base member by suctioning the base member through the hole.
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the second aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the holding unit include a mechanism varying a rotation axis of any of rollers provided at the top face and the back face.
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the second aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the vacuum chambers include: a first vacuum chamber into which a first precursor gas is introduced; a second vacuum chamber into which a second precursor gas is introduced; and a third vacuum chamber into which a purge gas is introduced, the purge gas discharging the first precursors and the second precursors, wherein the transfer mechanism transfers the base member to the first vacuum chamber and, the second vacuum chamber, and the third vacuum chamber alternately multiple times.
According to the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the first aspect of the invention, since the transfer mechanism does not require the guide roller, there is not a concern that the atomic-layer-deposited film formed on the surface of the base member is damaged due to contact with the guide roller.
For this reason, by use of the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the invention, it is possible to continuously form an atomic-layer-deposited film without mechanical damage.
According to the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the second aspect of the invention, since the guide roller does not come into contact with the base member with the exception of both end portions of the base member which are the portions to be held, there is not a concern in damage to the atomic-layer-deposited film formed on the surface of the base member.
Additionally, transfer without slip can be realized by applying a mechanism which prevents a base member from slipping at both end portions of the base member.
As a result of using the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the invention, it is possible to continuously form an atomic-layer-deposited film without mechanical damage and slip through stable and clean transfer.
A roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the invention is an apparatus forming a stack of atomic layers on a base member using atomic layer deposition.
The film formation apparatus includes: a first vacuum chamber into which a first precursor gas is introduced; a second vacuum chamber into which a second precursor gas is introduced; a third vacuum chamber into which a purge gas discharging excessive first precursors and second precursors is introduced; and a transfer mechanism transferring a windable base member to each vacuum chamber.
Specifically, the transfer mechanism is a transfer mechanism which can hold or support both end portions of the windable base member in the width direction thereof by use of a holding unit such as a plurality of clips, belts, sprockets, or the like.
By use of the transfer mechanism, the windable base member can sequentially pass through each of the aforementioned vacuum chambers, and an atomic-layer-deposited film without mechanical damage is formed, while the surface of the windable base member, on which a film is to be coated in a film formation step, does not come into contact with machine parts disposed in the apparatus.
As a member or a device holding both end portions of the windable base member in the width direction thereof, a sandwich-holding unit using a plurality of clip-like sandwich-holding members and holding the end portions; a sandwich-holding unit using continuous sandwich-holding members such as a belt and holding the end portions; or a member, a device, or the like using a plurality of rollers and holding the top face and the back face of the end portion are adopted.
In other cases, as a member or a device holding both end portions of the windable base member in the width direction thereof, a support unit supporting one of surfaces of the end portion may be used instead of the above-described sandwich-holding units.
For example, a base member is preliminarily prepared which has a plurality of hole portions such as punched holes at both end portions in the width direction thereof, a support unit or the like is adopted which holds the end portions by use of support portions having a plurality of projecting portions fitting into the hole portions when the base member is transferred.
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to drawings.
Particularly, embodiments of the invention are not limited to the embodiments described below, modifications such as design change or the like may be made based on knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art, the scope of embodiments of the invention includes embodiments to which such modifications are applied.
The roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 1 of the first embodiment of the invention includes: a first zone 21 serving as the first vacuum chamber into which a first precursor gas is introduced; a second zone 22 serving as the second vacuum chamber into which a second precursor gas is introduced, and a third zone 23 serving as a third vacuum chamber into which a purge gas is introduced.
The roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 1 includes: an unwinding roll 11 provided in an unwinding chamber 13; a rewinding roll 12 provided in a winding chamber 14; and transfer mechanisms 41a and 41b feeding the windable base member 15 from the unwinding roll 11 to the rewinding roll 12.
The transfer mechanisms 41a and 41b of the first embodiment of the invention is a clipping-type holding transfer mechanism which transports the windable base member 15 while sandwiching both end portions of the windable base member 15 in the width direction thereof by clipping.
For continuously depositing a stack of atomic layers on the surface of the windable base member 15, the windable base member 15 is passed through the third zone 23, the first zone 21, the third zone 23, the second zone 22, and the third zone 23 in this order by use of the clipping-type holding transfer mechanisms 41a and 41b, as a result, one stack of atomic layers is thereby deposited on the base member.
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the invention, the film formation apparatus is designed so that a stack of atomic layers can be deposited on the surface of the base member 15 by the number of cycles required for obtaining a desired film thickness and so that the number of times for allowing the base member to pass through the aforementioned zones by the transfer mechanism becomes a predetermined number.
The windable base member 15 used for the invention is selected from flexible materials such as a plastic film, a plastic sheet, metal foil, a metal sheet, paper, a non-woven fabric, or the like.
The thickness of the windable base member 15 is not particularly limited, a base member having a thickness of 10 μm to 1000 μm can be used.
The windable base member 15 is unwound from the unwinding roll 11 and transferred to the third zone 23.
A partition plate is provided between the third zone 23 and the unwinding chamber 13 in which the unwinding roll 11 is placed, and a slot 16 necessary for allowing the windable base member 15 to pass therethrough is provided at the partition plate.
The windable base member 15 is transferred from the unwinding chamber 13 to the third zone 23 through the slot 16.
An inert gas serving as a purge gas is supplied to the third zone 23 (refer to reference numeral 33, flow of the purge gas).
As an inert gas, a gas optionally selected from nitrogen, helium, argon, or the like is used.
The end portions of the base member 15 in the width direction are sandwiched by clipping by use of the clipping-type holding transfer mechanism 41a at a clip-holding start position 45a in the third zone 23.
Here,
The clipping-type holding transfer mechanism 41 is provided with a plurality of clips 42 sandwiching both end portions of the windable base member 15 in the width direction thereof, a chain 43 coupled to the clips 42, and a drive sprocket 44 allowing the chain 43 to transfer in the transfer direction thereof.
The end portions of the windable base member 15 are sandwiched by the clips 42 at the clip-holding start position 45 of the clipping-type holding transfer mechanism 41.
A spring is provided at each clip 42 (not shown in the figure), the windable base member 15 whose both end portions are sandwiched is stretched in the width direction by suitable tension and maintained in a substantially planar shape without looseness during conveying.
The windable base member 15 is transferred in the transfer direction (refer to reference numeral 35, transfer direction of the windable base member) by rotation of driving rollers 44 (refer to reference numeral 36, rotational direction of the driving roller).
The material used to form the clips 42 is not particularly limited as long as a material is used therefor which can sandwich and hold both end portions of the windable base member 15 and can transfer the windable base member 15 while stretching it by adequate tension in the width direction.
In addition, an open-close mechanism of the clips 42, which is used when the windable base member 15 is sandwiched therebetween, may be a mechanism other than the above-described spring.
The windable base member 15 which is sandwiched by the clipping-type holding transfer mechanism 41a is transferred to the first zone 21 through slots 17a provided on a separating division wall disposed between the third zone 23 and the first zone 21.
Since first precursors are supplied to the first zone 21 (refer to reference numeral 31, flow of the first precursor gas), when the windable base member 15 passes through the first zone, the first precursors are adsorbed onto both faces of the windable base member 15.
Here, since only both end portions of the windable base member 15 are sandwiched by the clipping-type holding transfer mechanism 41a, both faces of the windable base member 15 onto which the first precursors are adsorbed does not come into contact with machine parts disposed in the apparatus.
The material constituting the first precursors is suitably selected depending on the intended deposition material.
In the case where the material which is to be deposited on the base member 105 is (intended deposition material) is aluminum oxide, for example, trimethylaluminium is used.
Moreover, as a material of the first precursors to be used, a material disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 can be used.
The transportation speed of the windable base member 15 in the first zone 21 is calculated based on the saturation adsorption time and the pass-through distance so that the length of time at which the base member 15 passes through the first zone 21 is longer than the saturation adsorption time.
The windable base member 15 onto which the first precursors are saturate-adsorbed in the first zone 21 is re-transferred to the third zone 23 through another slot provided on a separating division wall disposed between the first zone 21 and the third zone 23.
Additionally, the gas present in the first zone 21 is discharged by a vacuum pump (refer to reference numeral 34a, discharge by the vacuum pump), the pressure inside the third zone 23 is maintained to be higher than the pressure inside the first zone 21.
Consequently, the first precursors which are introduced into the first zone 21 are maintained to be under conditions in which it is difficult to diffuse in the third zone 23.
It is preferable that difference in pressure between the first zone 21 and the third zone 23 at this time be approximately 0.01 Pa to 1 Pa.
The windable base member 15 which is transferred to the third zone 23 is released from the clips at a clip-holding completion position 46a.
Next, both end portions of the base member 15 in the width direction thereof are sandwiched by clipping by use of the clipping-type holding transfer mechanism 41b at a clip-holding start position 45b.
The windable base member 15 which is sandwiched by the clipping-type holding transfer mechanism 41b is transferred to the second zone 22 through slots 17b provided on a separating division wall disposed between the third zone 23 and the second zone 22.
Excessive first precursors which are adsorbed onto the windable base member 15 vaporizes, and it is purged while passing through the third zone 23.
The transportation speed of the windable base member 15 in the third zone 23 is calculated based on the pass-through distance so as to obtain a sufficient purging time.
Second precursors are supplied to the second zone 22 (refer to reference numeral 32, flow of the second precursor gas), a first-precursor-adsorbed product which is adsorbed onto both faces of the windable base member 15 reacts with the second precursors, and the intended material is generated while the windable base member 15 passes through the second zone 22.
Here, since only both end portions of the windable base member 15 are sandwiched by the clipping-type holding transfer mechanism 41b, when the first-precursor-adsorbed product reacts with the second precursors, neither of the faces of the windable base member 15 come into contact with machine parts disposed in the apparatus.
The material constituting the second precursors is suitably selected depending on the intended deposition material.
In the case of where, for example, the intended deposition material is aluminum oxide, water, ozone, or atomic oxygen is used.
Moreover, as a material of the second precursors to be used, a material disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 can be used.
The transportation speed of the windable base member 15 in the second zone 22 is calculated based on the reaction time and the pass-through distance so that the length of time at which the base member 15 passes through the second zone 22 is longer than the reaction time.
After the first-precursor-adsorbed product reacts with the second precursors in the second zone 22, the windable base member 15 is re-transferred to the third zone 23 through another slot provided on a separating division wall disposed between the second zone 22 and the third zone 23.
Additionally, the gas present in the second zone 22 is discharged by a vacuum pump (refer to reference numeral 34b, discharge by the vacuum pump), and the pressure inside the third zone 23 is maintained to be higher than the pressure inside the second zone 22.
Consequently, the second precursors which are introduced into the second zone 22 are maintained to be under conditions in which it is difficult to diffuse in the third zone 23.
It is preferable that difference in pressure between the second zone 22 and the third zone 23 at this time be approximately 0.01 Pa to 1 Pa.
The windable base member 15 which is transferred to the third zone 23 is released from the clips at a clip-holding completion position 46b.
One cyclic operation of atomic layer deposition includes the above-described processes, and one stack of atomic layers is deposited on the base member by the processes.
It is possible to form an atomic-layer-deposited film having a desired film thickness on the surface of the windable base member 15 by repeating this cycle multiple times.
Additionally, when the aforementioned cycle is repeatedly carried out multiple times, the transportation speed of the windable base member 15 is set to be the lowest velocity in the transportation velocities, which are calculated based on the length of time required for exposing the base member 15 to the above-described first zone 21, the second zone 22, and the third zone 23 and the pass-through distance at which the base member 15 passes through the zones 21, 22, and 23.
After an atomic-layer-deposited film having a desired film thickness is formed on the surface of the windable base member 15 by repeating the aforementioned cycle multiple times, the windable base member 15 is wound around the rewinding roll 12.
A partition plate is provided between the third zone 23 and the winding chamber 14 in which the rewinding roll 12 is placed, and a slot 16 necessary for allowing the windable base member 15 to pass therethrough is provided at the partition plate.
The windable base member 15 is transferred from the third zone 23 to the winding chamber 14 through the slot 16 after film formation.
Similar to the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 1 of the first embodiment of the invention, the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 2 of the second embodiment of the invention includes: the first zone 21 serving as a first vacuum chamber into which a first precursor gas is introduced; the second zone 22 serving as a second vacuum chamber into which a second precursor gas is introduced; and the third zone 23 serving as a third vacuum chamber into which a purge gas is introduced.
The film formation apparatus 2 includes: the unwinding roll 11 provided in the unwinding chamber 13; the rewinding roll 12 provided in the winding chamber 14; and a transfer mechanism 51 feeding the windable base member 15 from the unwinding roll 11 to the rewinding roll 12.
In particular, the configuration of the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 2 is the same as that of the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 1 of the first embodiment of the invention with the exception of the transfer mechanism 51.
The transfer mechanism 51 of the second embodiment of the invention is a belt-type holding transfer mechanism which transports the windable base member 15 while sandwiching both end portions of the windable base member 15 in the width direction thereof by use of two belts.
Here,
The belt-type holding transfer mechanism 51 is provided with two belts 52 sandwiching the end portions of the windable base member 15 in the width direction thereof and pulleys 53 allowing the two belts 52 to feed in the transfer direction.
Both end portions of the windable base member 15 are sandwiched between the two belts 52 at a belt-holding start position 54 of the belt-type holding transfer mechanism 51.
The windable base member 15 whose both end portions are sandwiched is transferred (refer to reference numeral 35, transfer direction of the windable base member) in the transfer direction along with the rotation of the pulleys 53 (refer to reference numeral 37, rotational direction of the pulley).
The belt-type holding transfer mechanism 51 is disposed in each of the first zone 21, the second zone 22, and the third zone 23, and the base member 15 is transferred while the surface of the windable base member 15 does not come into contact with machine parts disposed in the apparatus.
The material used to form the two belts 52 is not particularly limited as long as a material is used therefor which can sandwich both end portions of the windable base member 15 and can feed the windable base member 15; for example, thermally-stable plastic such as aramid or the like or steel can be used.
Similar to the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 1 of the first embodiment of the invention, the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 3 of the third embodiment of the invention includes: the first zone 21 serving as a first vacuum chamber into which a first precursor gas is introduced; the second zone 22 serving as a second vacuum chamber into which a second precursor gas is introduced; and the third zone 23 serving as a third vacuum chamber into which a purge gas is introduced.
The film formation apparatus 3 includes: the unwinding roll 11 provided in the unwinding chamber 13; the rewinding roll 12 provided in the winding chamber 14; and a transfer mechanism 61 feeding the windable base member 15 from the unwinding roll 11 to the rewinding roll 12.
In particular, the configuration of the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 3 is the same as that of the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 1 of the first embodiment of the invention with the exception of the transfer mechanism 61.
The transfer mechanism 61 of the third embodiment of the invention sandwiches the top face and the back face of both end portions of the windable base member 15 in the width direction thereof between two rollers different from each other, and sandwiches and transports the windable base member 15 by driving one of or both rollers.
The set of two rollers is disposed at not only one of the end portions of the base member 15 but also the other of the end portions similarly, transfers the windable base member 15 while sandwiching it therebetween.
A roller-type holding transfer mechanism is configured to carry out the above-described methods.
Here,
The roller-holding transfer mechanism 61 uses two rollers 62 and 63, sandwiches both end portions of the windable base member 15 in the width direction thereof, and simultaneously transmits power thereto.
Similar to the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 1 of the first embodiment of the invention, the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 4 of the fourth embodiment of the invention includes: the first zone 21 serving as a first vacuum chamber into which a first precursor gas is introduced; the second zone 22 serving as a second vacuum chamber into which a second precursor gas is introduced; and the third zone 23 serving as a third vacuum chamber into which a purge gas is introduced.
The film formation apparatus 4 includes: the unwinding roll 11 provided in the unwinding chamber 13; the rewinding roll 12 provided in the winding chamber 14; and a transfer mechanism 71 feeding the windable base member 15 from the unwinding roll 11 to the rewinding roll 12.
In particular, the configuration of the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 4 is the same as that of the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 1 of the first embodiment of the invention with the exception of the transfer mechanism 71.
The transfer mechanism 71 of the fourth embodiment of the invention sandwiches the top face and the back face of both end portions of the windable base member 15 in the width direction thereof between two rollers different from each other, and holds and transports the windable base member 15 by driving one of or both rollers.
Here,
Particularly,
The roller-type holding transfer mechanism 71 uses two rollers 72 and 73 different from each other, sandwiches the top face and the back face of both end portions of the windable base member 15 in the width direction thereof, and simultaneously transmits power to the base member 15.
Moreover
The roller-holding transfer mechanism 71 includes a mechanism which can vary the rotation axis of one roller 73 (first roller) of two rollers 72 and 73 holding the top face and the back face of both end portions of the windable base member 15 in the width direction thereof.
Specifically, the roller-holding transfer mechanism 71 can vary the rotation axis of the roller 73 so that the rotational axis direction of the roller 73 (first roller) is inclined with respect to the rotational axis direction of the other roller 72 (second roller).
The roller-holding transfer mechanism 71 varies the rotation axis of the roller 73 to allow the width of the base member 15 to spread in the direction of movement of the windable base member 15.
In other words, the rotation axis of the roller 73 is varied so that the rotational axis direction of the roller 73 is inclined with respect to the rotational axis direction of the roller 72.
Alternatively, the rotational axis direction of one of the rollers 73 arranged so as to face each other is inclined with respect to the rotational axis direction of the other roller.
Because of this, it is possible to control looseness of the windable base member 15.
In the case of providing the foregoing rotation axis variable mechanism in the roller-holding transfer mechanism 71, it is preferable that the diameter of the roller 73 whose rotation axis is variable be narrower than the diameter of the other roller 72 as shown in
Additionally, similar to the roller 73, the other roller 72 may be provided with a mechanism varying the axis of rotation thereof.
Similar to the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 1 of the first embodiment of the invention, the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 5 of the fifth embodiment of the invention includes: the first zone 21 serving as a first vacuum chamber into which a first precursor gas is introduced; the second zone 22 serving as a second vacuum chamber into which a second precursor gas is introduced; and the third zone 23 serving as a third vacuum chamber into which a purge gas is introduced.
The film formation apparatus 5 includes: the unwinding roll 11 provided in the unwinding chamber 13; the rewinding roll 12 provided in the winding chamber 14; and a transfer mechanism 81 feeding the windable base member 15 from the unwinding roll 11 to the rewinding roll 12.
In particular, the configuration of the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 5 is the same as that of the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 1 of the first embodiment of the invention with the exception of the transfer mechanism 81.
Additionally, in the fifth embodiment, the windable base member 15 on which punched holes are preliminarily provided on both end portions in the width direction thereof is used, a stack of atomic layers is deposited on the base member 15.
The transfer mechanism 81 of the fifth embodiment of the invention is a sprocket-type supporting transfer mechanism transfers the windable base member 15 with holding it by use of sprockets which are to be fitted into punched holes provided on the base member 15.
Here,
Particularly,
The sprocket-type supporting transfer mechanism 81 uses the windable base member 15, on which a plurality of punched holes 82 are provided on both end portions in the width direction thereof, and is provided with a sprocket 83 which is to be fitted into the punched holes 82.
The punched holes 82 of the windable base member 15 are fitted into projecting portions 84 of the sprocket at a sprocket-holding start position 805 of the sprocket-type supporting transfer mechanism 81.
As the projecting portions 84 of the sprocket are fitted into the punched holes 82 of the windable base member 15, the windable base member 15 is transferred (refer to reference numeral 35, transfer direction of the windable base member) along with the rotation of the sprocket 83 (refer to reference numeral 38, rotational direction of the sprocket).
Particularly, since the windable base member 15 is fed while the projecting portions 84 of the sprocket are fitted into the punched holes 62, transfer with small displacement in the transfer direction of the windable base member 15 and the direction orthogonal to the transfer direction thereof can be realized.
In
Modifications described below may be applied to the aforementioned first to fifth embodiments.
Regarding Surface of Parts Constituting the Transfer Mechanism
In the aforementioned transfer mechanisms, if parts constituting the transfer mechanism, such as a surface of the above-described clips, chain, belts, or the like, is made of a material including a functional group, for example, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, or the like, to which the first precursor gas or the second precursor gas can be chemisorbed, the following problems may occur.
Particularly, when the transfer mechanism passes through a first vacuum chamber into which a first precursor gas is introduced and a second vacuum chamber into which a second precursor gas is introduced, an atomic-layer-deposited film is formed on the surface of the parts constituting the transfer mechanism.
In this case, an atomic-layer-deposited film which is thicker than the windable base member is formed on the aforementioned surface of the portions as a result of repeatedly passing through the first vacuum chamber and the second vacuum chamber.
The atomic-layer-deposited film brittle-fractures when it becomes a thick film, and causes extraneous materials (particles).
For this reason, in the case where the surface of the parts constituting the transfer mechanism is formed of a composition including a functional group, to which the first precursor gas or the second precursor gas can be chemisorbed, the transfer mechanism should be designed so as not to repeatedly pass through the first zone 21 and the second zone 22 as shown in
Particularly, as shown in
On the other hand, in the case where the surface of the parts constituting the transfer mechanism is formed of a composition not including a functional group, to which the first precursor gas or the second precursor gas can be chemisorbed, an atomic-layer-deposited film is not formed on the surface of the parts constituting the transfer mechanism even where the transfer mechanism repeatedly passes through the first vacuum chamber and the second vacuum chamber.
In the case where a coated film made of: fluorine-based polymers, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene or the like; or a coupling agent, for example, poly-para-xylene, octadecyltrichlorosilane, or the like, is formed on the surface of the parts constituting the transfer mechanism, an atomic-layer-deposited film is not formed thereon.
Therefore, in the case of using the transfer mechanism in which the surface of the parts constituting the transfer mechanism is made of a material such as the aforementioned coated film capable of preventing the first precursor gas or the second precursor gas from being chemisorbed thereonto, atomic layer deposition is not generated even where this passes repetitively through the first vacuum chamber and the second vacuum chamber.
For example, in the case of using the transfer mechanism 51 which repeatedly passes through the first zone 21 and the second zone 22 as shown in the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 6 in
However, when atomic layer deposition is carried out (in a step of depositing a stack of atomic layers on the base member), the parts constituting the transfer mechanism are oxidized due to using plasma active species or the like as precursors, and a functional group may be generated on the surface of the portions.
In this case, since an atomic-layer-deposited film is formed on the surface, use of the transfer mechanism repeatedly passing through the first zone 21 and the second zone 22 is undesirable.
Regarding Position at which Transfer Mechanism is Disposed
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 1 of the first embodiment of the invention, the transfer mechanism 41a passing through the first zone 21 and the third zone 23 and the transfer mechanism 41b passing through the second zone 22 and the third zone 23 are placed as shown in
This may also be applied to the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 3 of the third embodiment of the invention shown in
Conversely, the transfer mechanism 51 of the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 2 of the second embodiment of the invention shown in
Regarding Guide Rails
In particular,
Guide rails 91 are auxiliary parts used for upgrading degree of accuracy the position of the windable base member 15 passing through the slot 17 provided on the separating division wall 18 disposed between zones.
Since the windable base member 15 is fed to the slot 17 by use of the guide rails 91 with a high level of accuracy, the width (X) of the slot can be designed to be narrowed.
For this reason, generation of contamination caused by the precursors present in the first zone or the third zone and the purge gas present in the third zone can be reduced at a low level.
For example, in the case where the guide rails 91 are present, the width (X) of the slot can be set to be approximately 1 mm.
In contrast, in the case where the guide rails 91 are not provided, it is necessary to adjust the width (X) of the slot to be approximately 5 mm in consideration of stability in the position of the windable base member 15 during feeding.
It is preferable that the guide rails 91 be placed at the position close to the slot 17 so as to sandwich both end portions of the windable base member 15 therebetween as shown in
The positions at which the guide rails 91 are placed are adequately determined depending on the thickness of the windable base member 15, the transportation speed of the windable base member 15, or the like.
In other cases, though
Regarding Protection-Layer Formation Unit
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the invention, an atomic-layer-deposited film is formed on both the upper side and the back side of the windable base member.
The windable base member having both faces on which the atomic-layer-deposited films are formed is finally rolled up in a rolled-shape in the apparatus.
At this time, the atomic-layer-deposited film formed on the top face of the windable base member is in contact with the atomic-layer-deposited film formed on the back side of the windable base member.
Consequently, when the atomic-layer-deposited films deposited on the top face and the back face of the windable base member come into contact with each other, there is also a concern that the atomic-layer-deposited film is mechanically damaged.
In this case, before winding the windable base member having both faces on which atomic-layer-deposited films are formed, it is preferable to coat (form) a protection layer on the base member.
As a method of coating the protection layer, for example, chemical vapor deposition method or the like is available.
Specifically, a roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 7 shown in
In the protection-layer coating chamber 19, for example, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) is used as a source material gas, in the chamber heated up to 120° C. to which TEOS is supplied by a bubbling method using He gas, plasma-assisted decomposition reaction is generated and reacted with O2 gas, and SiO2 film with a thickness of 2 μm is thereby formed on the surface of the atomic-layer-deposited film.
Particularly, of the atomic-layer-deposited films formed on both faces of the windable base member, the protection layer is formed on at least one atomic-layer-deposited film, desirably, on both.
A roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the invention is an apparatus forming an atomic-layer-deposited film on the surface of the windable base member by adsorb precursors thereonto using atomic layer deposition.
The film formation apparatus includes: a plurality of vacuum chambers into which two or more precursor gases are introduced (i.e., a first vacuum chamber into which a first precursor gas is introduced, a second vacuum chamber into which a second precursor gas is introduced, and a third vacuum chamber into which a purge gas discharging excessive first precursors and second precursors is introduced), and a transfer mechanism used for feeding the base member to the vacuum chambers alternatively multiple times.
Specifically, the transfer mechanism includes a holding unit holding both end portions of the windable base member in the width direction thereof.
The holding unit uses a suction-type guide rollers which are constituted of a plurality of rollers and used for holding both end portions of the base member and for preventing it from slipping.
By use of the transfer mechanism, the windable base member can sequentially pass through each of the aforementioned vacuum chambers, while the surface of the windable base member, on which a film is to be coated in a film formation step, does not come into contact with machine parts disposed in the apparatus.
By means of this structure, mechanical damage to the base member is prevented, in addition, generation of particles caused by slip during the transfer of base member and unstable transfer are prevented, and an atomic-layer-deposited film with a high quality is formed on the base member.
As the holding unit holding both end portions of the windable base member in the width direction thereof, a guide roller including a suction-type mechanism in which a plurality of holes are formed and provided so that a roller suctions the base member, a member or a device holding the top face and the back face of the end portion by use of a plurality of rollers, or the like is adopted.
That is, the transfer mechanism is constituted of a plurality of rollers, and the holding unit holds the base member by suctioning the base member through the holes provided on each surface of the rollers.
Furthermore, the holding unit may be configured to hold the base member by the rollers placed on the top face and the back face of the base member so that at least one of rollers placed on the top face and the back face includes a drive mechanism.
The roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 100 of the sixth embodiment of the invention includes: a first zone 201 serving as the first vacuum chamber into which a first precursor gas is introduced; a second zone 202 serving as the second vacuum chamber into which a second precursor gas is introduced, and a third zone 203 serving as a third vacuum chamber into which a purge gas is introduced.
The film formation apparatus 100 includes: an unwinding roll 101 provided in an unwinding chamber 103, a rewinding roll 102 provided in a winding chamber 104, and a suction-type transfer mechanism 401 (401a, 401b, 401c) including a suction mechanism which has a plurality of holes and is provided to feed a windable base member 105 from the unwinding roll 101 to the rewinding roll 102 while suctioning the windable base member.
The suction-type transfer mechanism 401 of the sixth embodiment of the invention conveys the windable base member 105 by use of guide rollers including the suction mechanisms (holding unit) which are provided to feed the windable base member 105 while suctioning both end portions in the width direction thereof.
For continuously depositing a stack of atomic layers on the surface of the windable base member 105, the windable base member 105 is passed through the third zone 203, the first zone 201, the third zone 203, the second zone 202, and the third zone 203 in this order by use of the suction-type transfer mechanism 401, as a result, one stack of atomic layers is thereby deposited on the base member.
In the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine of the invention, the film formation apparatus is designed so that a stack of atomic layers can be deposited on the surface of the base member 105 by the number of cycles required for obtaining a desired film thickness and so that the number of times for allowing the base member to pass through the aforementioned zones by the transfer mechanism becomes a predetermined number.
The windable base member 105 used for the invention is selected from flexible materials such as a plastic film, a plastic sheet, metal foil, a metal sheet, paper, a non-woven fabric, or the like.
The thickness of the windable base member 105 is not particularly limited, and a base member having a thickness of 10 μm to 1000 μm can be used.
The windable base member 105 is unwound from the unwinding roll 101 and transferred to the third zone 203.
A partition plate is provided between the unwinding chamber 103 in which the unwinding roll 101 is installed and the third zone 203, and a slot 106 necessary for passing the windable base member 105 therethrough is provided at the partition plate.
The windable base member 105 is transferred from the unwinding chamber 103 to the third zone 203 through the slot 106.
An inert gas serving as a purge gas is supplied to the third zone 203 (303).
As an inert gas, a gas optionally selected from nitrogen, helium, argon, or the like is used.
In order to hold only both end portions of the windable base member 105 in the third zone 203, the base member 105 is guided by the suction-type transfer mechanism 401c provided with the suction mechanism, and a state of stably conveying the base member 105 in the third zone 203 is also maintained.
The suction-type transfer mechanism 401 of the sixth embodiment of the invention is provided with the suction mechanism in which a plurality of holes is formed and provided to feed the windable base member 105 while suctioning both end portions thereof in the width direction.
The roller surface suctions the windable base member 105, and the suction-type roller 402 of the suction-type transfer mechanism 401 thereby holds the base member 105.
A vacuum pump is connected to each suction-type roller 402.
Suction is carried out through the holes by driving the vacuum pump (refer to reference numeral 305, pumping by suction-type roller), and the roller surface thereby suctions the windable base member 105.
The windable base member 105 held by the roller 402 is stretched with suitable tension in the width direction.
The base member 105 is maintained in a substantially planar shape without looseness during conveying.
The material used to form the suction-type roller 402 is not particularly limited as long as a material is used therefor which can hold both end portions of the windable base member 105 and feed the windable base member 105 while maintaining a suitable frictional force therebetween.
Furthermore, the suction-type roller 402 may be a mechanism allowing a suction portion 402a and a non-suction portion 402b to be simultaneously rotated, the suction portion 402a may be alone rotated, or the non-suction portion 402b may be a non-rotation roller.
Returning to explanation of
Since the first precursors are supplied to the first zone 201 (refer to reference numeral 301), the first precursors are adsorbed onto both faces of the windable base member 105 when the windable base member 105 passes through the first zone 201.
Here, since only both end portions of the windable base member 105 are held by the suction-type transfer mechanism 401a, both faces of the windable base member 105 onto which the first precursors are adsorbed does not come into contact with machine parts disposed in the apparatus.
The material constituting the first precursors is suitably selected depending on the intended deposition material.
In the case where the material which is to be deposited on the base member 105 is (intended deposition material) is aluminum oxide, for example, trimethylaluminium is used.
Moreover, as a material of the first precursors to be used, for example, a material disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 can be used.
The transportation speed of the windable base member 105 in the first zone 201 is calculated based on the saturation adsorption time and the pass-through distance so that the length of time at which the base member 105 passes through the first zone 201 is longer than the saturation adsorption time.
The windable base member 105 onto which the first precursors are saturate-adsorbed in the first zone 201 is re-transferred to the third zone 203 through another slot 107b provided on a separating division wall disposed between the first zone 201 and the third zone 203.
Particularly, the gas present in the first zone 201 is discharged by a suction-type roller suction mechanism disposed in the first zone and connected to the vacuum pump (refer to reference numeral 305a, pumping by suction-type roller), and is discharged by a pumping mechanism (reference numeral 304a) which is connected to the first zone.
The pressure inside the first zone 201 is maintained by use of both pumping mechanisms.
Additionally, the pressure inside the third zone 203 is maintained to be higher than the pressure inside the first zone 201.
Consequently, the first precursors which are introduced into the first zone 201 are maintained to be under conditions in which it is difficult to diffuse in the third zone 203.
It is preferable that difference in pressure between the first zone 201 and the third zone 203 at this time be approximately 0.01 Pa to 1 Pa.
Next, the windable base member 105 is transferred to the second zone 202 through slots 107c provided on a separating division wall disposed between the third zone 203 and the second zone 202.
Excessive first precursors which are adsorbed onto the windable base member 105 vaporizes, and the base member 105 is purged while passing through the third zone 203.
At this time, the suction-type transfer mechanism 401 serving as a guide rollers at both end portions can be disposed inside the third zone 203 in order to stabilize a feeding state of the windable base member 105.
The transportation speed of the windable base member 105 in the third zone 203 is calculated based on the pass-through distance so as to obtain a sufficient purging time.
Second precursors are supplied to the second zone 202 (refer to reference numeral 302), a first-precursor-adsorbed product which is adsorbed onto both faces of the windable base member 105 reacts with the second precursors, and the intended material is generated while the windable base member 105 passes through the second zone 202.
Here, since only both end portions of the windable base member 105 are held by the suction-type transfer mechanism 401b, when the first-precursor-adsorbed product reacts with second precursors, both faces of the windable base member 105 does not come into contact with machine parts disposed in the apparatus.
The material constituting the second precursors is suitably selected depending on the intended deposition material.
In the case of where, for example, the intended deposition material is aluminum oxide, water, ozone, or atomic oxygen is used.
Moreover, as a material of the second precursors to be used, for example, a material disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 can be used.
The transportation speed of the windable base member 105 in the second zone 202 is calculated based on the reaction time and the pass-through distance so that the length of time at which the base member 105 passes through the second zone 202 is longer than the reaction time.
After the first-precursor-adsorbed product reacts with the second precursors in the second zone 202, the windable base member 105 is re-transferred to the third zone 203 through another slot 107b provided on a separating division wall disposed between the second zone 202 and the third zone 203.
Particularly, the gas present in the second zone 202 is discharged by a suction-type roller suction mechanism disposed in the second zone and connected to the vacuum pump (refer to reference numeral 305b, pumping by suction-type roller), and is discharged by a pumping mechanism (reference numeral 304b) which is connected to the second zone.
The pressure inside the third zone 203 is maintained to be higher than the pressure inside the second zone 202 by use of both pumping mechanism.
Consequently, the second precursors which are introduced into the second zone 202 are maintained to be under conditions in which it is difficult to diffuse in the third zone 203.
It is preferable that difference in pressure between the second zone 202 and the third zone 203 at this time be approximately 0.01 Pa to 1 Pa.
One cyclic operation of atomic layer deposition includes the above-described processes, and one stack of atomic layers is deposited on the base member by the processes.
It is possible to form an atomic-layer-deposited film having a desired film thickness on the surface of the windable base member 105 by repeating this cycle multiple times.
Additionally, when the aforementioned cycle is repeatedly carried out multiple times, the transportation speed of the windable base member 105 is set to be the lowest velocity in the transportation velocities, which are calculated based on the length of time required for exposing the base member 105 to the above-described first zone 201, the second zone 202, and the third zone 203 and the pass-through distance at which the base member 105 passes through the zones 201, 202, and 203.
After an atomic-layer-deposited film having a desired film thickness is formed on the surface of the windable base member 105 by repeating the aforementioned cycle multiple times, the windable base member 105 is wound around the rewinding roll 102.
A partition plate is provided between the third zone 203 and the winding chamber 104 in which the rewinding roll 102 is placed, and a slot 106 necessary for allowing the windable base member 105 to pass therethrough is provided at the partition plate.
The windable base member 105 is transferred from the third zone 203 to the winding chamber 104 through the slot 106 after film formation.
Modifications described below may be applied to the aforementioned sixth embodiment.
Regarding Nip Roller
A roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 200 is provided with a nip-roller-type holding transfer mechanism 501 as shown in
The nip-roller-type holding transfer mechanism 501 rectifies looseness of the base member 105 or corrects meandering by applying tension to the windable base member 105, that is, by pulling the base member 105 along the transfer direction.
As a result of using the nip-roller-type holding transfer mechanism 501 as shown in
In the nip-roller-type holding transfer mechanism 501, the top face and the back face of both end portions of the windable base member 105 in the width direction is sandwiched between two rollers different from each other, the windable base member 105 is sandwiched by driving one of or both rollers, and the base member 105 is thereby transferred.
The nip-roller-type holding transfer mechanism 501 is configured to include a structure in which nip rollers 502 is provided at the above-described suction-type roller 402 for the purpose of nipping.
The top face and the back face of both end portions of the windable base member 105 in the width direction are sandwiched by use of the nip-roller-type holding transfer mechanism 501, and power is simultaneously transmitted to the base member 105.
That is, the nip-roller-type holding transfer mechanism 501 is configured to sandwich the base member between the rollers placed on the top face and the back face of the base member so that at least one of rollers (the suction-type roller 402 in the sixth embodiment) placed on the top face and the back face includes a drive mechanism.
Furthermore, as shown in
Moreover, the nip roller 502 (first roller) includes a mechanism capable of varying an axis of rotation thereof.
This means that, any of rollers (the nip roller 502) provided on the top face and the back face include a mechanism capable of changing a rotation axis thereof.
Specifically, the nip-roller-type holding transfer mechanism 501 can vary the rotation axis of the nip roller 502 (first roller) so that the rotational axis direction of the nip roller 502 is inclined with respect to the rotational axis direction of the suction-type roller 402 (second roller).
The nip-roller-type holding transfer mechanism 501 varies the rotation axis of the nip roller 502 to allow the width of the base member 105 to spread in the direction of movement of the windable base member 105.
In other words, the rotation axis of the nip roller 502 is varied so that the rotational axis direction of the nip roller 502 is inclined with respect to the rotational axis direction of the suction-type roller 402.
Alternatively, the rotational axis direction of one of the nip rollers 502 arranged so as to face each other is inclined with respect to the rotational axis direction of the other roller.
Because of this, it is possible to control looseness of the windable base member 105.
In the case of providing the foregoing rotation axis variable mechanism in the nip-roller-type holding transfer mechanism 501, it is preferable that the diameter of the nip roller 502 whose rotation axis is variable be narrower than the diameter of the other suction-type roller 402 as shown in
Additionally, similar to the nip roller 502, the suction-type roller 402 may be provided with a mechanism varying the axis of rotation thereof.
Rectification of looseness of the windable base member or correction of meandering thereof is controlled by adjusting the pressure at which the nip rollers 502 press onto the suction-type roller 402, the directions of the nip rollers 502, and the suction force of the suction-type roller 402.
Consequently, it is possible to realize stabilized traveling (feeding of the base member).
Regarding Guide Rails
As shown in
The guide rails 601 are auxiliary parts used for upgrading degree of accuracy the position of the windable base member 105 passing through the slot 107 provided on the separating division wall 108 disposed between zones.
Since the windable base member 105 is fed to the slot 107 by use of the guide rails 601 with a high level of accuracy, the width (X) of the slot 107 can be designed to be narrowed.
Additionally, it is possible to omit a suction-type transfer mechanism 401 to be provided in the third zone 203, generation of contamination caused by the precursors present in the first zone 201 or the third zone 203 and the purge gas present in the third zone 203 can be reduced at a low level.
For example, in the case where the guide rails 601 are present, the width (X) of the slot can be set to be approximately 1 mm.
In contrast, in the case where the guide rails 601 are not provided, it is necessary to adjust the width (X) of the slot to be approximately 5 mm in consideration of stability in the position of the windable base member 105 during feeding.
It is preferable that the guide rails 601 be placed at the position close to the slot 107 so as to sandwich both end portions of the windable base member 105 therebetween as shown in
The positions at which the guide rails 601 are placed are adequately determined depending on the thickness of the windable base member 105, the transportation speed of the windable base member 105, or the like.
In the case where the windable base member 105 significantly unstably travels, since there is a concern that particles are generated caused by contact of the base member 105 and the guide rails 601 to each other, it is preferable to concomitantly use the suction-type transfer mechanism 401 in the third zone 203.
Next, a first Example roll-to-roll thin film coating machine shown in
The roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 1 shown in
The polyester film attached to the position of the unwinding roll 11 was fed to the third zone 23, both end portions of the base member 15 was sandwiched by clipping at the clip-holding start position 45a by use of the clipping-type holding transfer mechanism 41a in the third zone 23, and the base member 15 was transferred to the first zone 21.
Nitrogen gas used as a carrier gas and trimethylaluminium used as a first precursor were introduced into the first zone 21.
The flow rate of gasses were adjusted so that the internal pressure of the first zone 21 discharged by a dry vacuum pump (decompression) becomes roughly 50 Pa.
Trimethylaluminium was saturate-adsorbed onto both faces of the polyester film while being fed to the inside of the first zone 21 by use of the clipping-type holding transfer mechanism 41a.
The polyester film having both faces onto which trimethylaluminium was saturate-adsorbed was re-fed to the third zone 23.
Nitrogen gas was introduced into the third zone 23 as an inert gas.
The flow rate of the gas was adjusted so that the internal pressure of the third zone 23 becomes roughly 50.5 Pa.
Excessive trimethylaluminium was purged while being fed to the inside of the third zone 23.
After purging was fully carried out, both end portions the polyester film is sandwiched by clipping at the clip-holding start position 45b by use of the clipping-type holding transfer mechanism 41b in the third zone 23, and it was transferred to the second zone 22.
Nitrogen gas used as a carrier gas and ion-exchanged water used as a second precursor were introduced into the second zone 22.
The flow rate of gasses were adjusted so that the internal pressure of the second zone 22 discharged by a dry vacuum pump (decompression) becomes roughly 50 Pa.
Trimethylaluminium of both faces of the polyester film reacted with the ion-exchanged water and one stack of atomic layers was deposited on the base member while being fed to the inside of the second zone 22 by use of the clipping-type holding transfer mechanism 41b.
Particularly, the transportation speed of polyester film was determined by a required purging time in the third zone 23.
Moreover, all temperatures in the first zone 21, the second zone 22, and the third zone 23 were maintained to be 90° C.
In addition, as the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 1 shown in
As a result, the thickness of an aluminum oxide coating formed on the polyester film was 10 nm.
Furthermore, as a result of observing damages of the surface by use of an electron microscope, damage to the surface of the aluminum oxide coating was not recognized.
Deposition of aluminum oxide was carried out by use of the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine shown in
A basic configuration of a roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 8 was the same as that of the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 1 shown in
As shown in
Therefore, the guide-roller-type supporting transfer mechanism 1001 was provided with a transfer mechanism in which the windable base member 15 becomes in contact with two guide rollers for each one cyclic operation of atomic layer deposition.
The Comparative Example is different from first Example in the sense of the aforementioned transfer method, but in the Comparative Example, atomic layer deposition for an aluminum oxide was carried out under the conditions shown in first Example.
In addition, an apparatus is illustrated in
As a result, the thickness of an aluminum oxide coating formed on the polyester film was 10 nm.
Furthermore, as a result of observing damages of the surface by use of an electron microscope, damage was recognized.
Next, a second Example roll-to-roll thin film coating machine shown in
The roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 100 shown in
The polyester film attached to the position of the unwinding roll 101 was fed to the third zone 203 and fed to the first zone 201 by use of the suction-type transfer mechanism 401c in the third zone 203.
Nitrogen gas used as a carrier gas and trimethylaluminium used as a first precursor were introduced into the first zone 201.
The displacement 305a discharged by the suction-type roller, the displacement 304a discharged from the first zone, and the flow rate 301 of the gas supplied to the first zone were adjusted so that the internal pressure of the first zone 201 becomes roughly 50 Pa.
Trimethylaluminium was saturate-adsorbed onto both faces of the polyester film while being fed to the inside of the first zone 201 by use of the suction-type transfer mechanism 401a.
The polyester film having both faces onto which trimethylaluminium was saturate-adsorbed was re-fed to the third zone 203.
Nitrogen gas was introduced into the third zone 203 as an inert gas.
The displacement 305c discharged by the suction-type roller and the flow rate 303 of the gas were adjusted so that the internal pressure of the third zone 203 becomes roughly 50.5 Pa.
Excessive trimethylaluminium was purged while the polyester film is fed to the inside of the third zone 203.
After purging was fully carried out, the polyester film was transferred to the second zone 202.
Nitrogen gas used as a carrier gas and ion-exchanged water used as a second precursor were introduced into the second zone 202.
The displacement 305b discharged by the suction-type roller, the displacement 304b discharged from the second zone, and the flow rate 302 of the gas supplied to the second zone were adjusted so that the internal pressure of the second zone 202 becomes roughly 50 Pa.
Trimethylaluminium of both faces of the polyester film reacted with the ion-exchanged water and one stack of atomic layers was deposited on the base member while being fed to the inside of the second zone 202 by use of the suction-type transfer mechanism 401b.
Particularly, the transportation speed of polyester film was determined by a required purging time in the third zone 203.
Moreover, all temperatures in the first zone 201, the second zone 202, and the third zone 203 were maintained to be 90° C.
In addition, as the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 100 shown in
As a result, the thickness of an aluminum oxide coating formed on the polyester film was 10 nm.
Furthermore, as a result of observing damages of the surface including the end portions by use of an electron microscope, damage to the surface of the aluminum oxide coating was not recognized.
The roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 100 was used shown in
The polyester film attached to the position of the unwinding roll 101 was fed to the third zone 203 and fed to the first zone 201 by use of the suction-type transfer mechanism 401c in the third zone 203.
At this time, discharge 305c by the suction-type roller in a film formation apparatus of the Comparative Example was not carried out.
Nitrogen gas used as a carrier gas and trimethylaluminium used as a first precursor were introduced into the first zone 201.
The displacement 304a discharged from the first zone and the flow rate 301 of the gas were adjusted so that the internal pressure of the first zone 201 becomes roughly 50 Pa.
At this time, discharge 305a by the suction-type roller was not carried out.
Saturation adsorption of trimethylaluminium onto both faces of the polyester film was carried out while being fed to the inside of the first zone 201 by the suction-type transfer mechanism 401a.
The polyester film having both faces onto which trimethylaluminium was saturate-adsorbed was re-fed to the third zone 203.
Nitrogen gas was introduced into the third zone 203 as an inert gas.
The flow rate 303 of the gas was adjusted so that the internal pressure of the third zone 203 becomes roughly 50.5 Pa.
Excessive trimethylaluminium was purged while being fed to the inside of the third zone 203.
After purging was fully carried out, the polyester film was transferred to the second zone 202.
Nitrogen gas used as a carrier gas and ion-exchanged water used as a second precursor were introduced into the second zone 202.
The displacement 304b discharged from the second zone and the flow rate 302 of the gas were adjusted so that the internal pressure of the second zone 202 becomes roughly 50 Pa.
Trimethylaluminium of both faces of the polyester film reacted with the ion-exchanged water and one stack of atomic layers was deposited on the base member while being fed to the inside of the second zone 202 by use of the suction-type transfer mechanism 401b.
At this time, discharge 305c was not carried out by the suction-type roller.
Particularly, the transportation speed of polyester film was determined by a required purging time in the third zone 203.
Moreover, all temperatures in the first zone 201, the second zone 202, and the third zone 203 were maintained to be 90° C.
In addition, as the roll-to-roll thin film coating machine 100 shown in
As a result, the formed aluminum oxide coating was 10 nm in thickness.
Furthermore, as a result of observing damages of the surface including the end portions by use of an electron microscope, damage to the surface of the aluminum oxide coating formed at a roller-non-contact portion located at the center of the windable base member 105 in the width direction thereof was not recognized, however, fine scratches at a roller-contact portion of the base member 105 were confirmed.
Since the roll-to-roll apparatus of the invention can continuously form a film on a windable base member, it is applicable to methods of manufacturing metallic luster films used for purls, gas barrier films for food packaging, electrodes for film capacitors, optical films such as anti-reflective film, or the like.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011-072141 | Mar 2011 | JP | national |
| 2011-210048 | Sep 2011 | JP | national |
This application is a continuation application based on a PCT Patent Application No. PCT/JP2012/058164, filed Mar. 28, 2012, whose priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-072141 filed on Mar. 29, 2011, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-210048 filed on Sep. 27, 2011, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2012/058164 | Mar 2012 | US |
| Child | 14034207 | US |
