Rotational indexing device of machine tool

Abstract

A machine tool rotational indexing device is provided that is capable of increasing transmission efficiency by preventing slip in transmitting a turning force of a gear mechanism and coping with high-speed rotational indexing with restrained heat generation. The device has a swivel slide loaded with a workpiece or a tool and is rotationally and indexably mounted in a specified rotational angle position on a fixed base. A large spur gear is provided in an outer peripheral portion of the swivel slide. A small spur gear meshed with the large spur gear is provided on an intermediate shaft arranged parallel to a rotational axis A of the swivel slide. A driving shaft arranged perpendicular to the rotational axis A and the intermediate shaft are connected to each other with a hypoid gear. The position of the large and small spur gears and the hypoid gear is adjustable to reduce backlash.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention relates to a machine tool rotational indexing device where a swivel slide loaded with a workpiece or a tool is rotationally and indexably mounted in a specified rotational angle position on a fixed base.

[0003] 2. Discussion of the Related Art

[0004] A machine tool is sometimes provided with a rotational indexing device, which indexes and clamps a processing table loaded with a workpiece or a tool in a specified rotational angle position to allow processing to be performed in this state. Conventionally, it has been the general practice to employ a worm gear, a cyclonic decelerator or an epicycle reduction gear as a drive mechanism for rotationally driving a processing table as described above. Please see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. HEI 6-71542 and Japanese Patent No. 2845970.

[0005] When the worm gear is adopted as the aforementioned drive mechanism, there are the problems in that slip easily occurs in transmitting a turning force from the worm gear to a worm wheel and the transmission efficiency is low. Another problem is that the worm gear is not suitable for high-speed rotational indexing since it easily generates heat.

[0006] When the aforementioned conventional cyclonic decelerator or epicycle reduction gear is adopted, there are problems in that the structure tends to be complicated and increased in size. This results in an increased cost when a non-backlash structure is adopted.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] The present invention has been accomplished in view of the aforementioned conventional circumstances and has an object of providing a machine tool rotational indexing device capable of increasing the transmission efficiency by preventing slip when transmitting a turning force, coping with high-speed rotational indexing with restrained heat generation and eliminating backlash with a simple structure.

[0008] In a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a machine tool rotational indexing device comprising a swivel slide, adapted to be loaded with at least one of a workpiece and a tool, is rotationally and indexably mounted in a predetermined rotational angular position on a fixed base; a driving motor being operatively connected to the swivel slide by a power transmission mechanism that includes a gear mechanism, and the gear mechanism including at least one gear having an adjustable position in a direction so that backlash in the gear mechanism is reduced.

[0009] In a second aspect of the invention, based on the first aspect, a large spur gear provided in an outer peripheral portion of the swivel slide; a small spur gear meshed with the large spur gear provided on an intermediate shaft arranged parallel to a rotational axis of the swivel slide; a driving shaft arranged in a direction perpendicular to the rotational axis and the intermediate shaft are connected to each other with a hypoid gear, and wherein the large spur gear, the small spur gear and the hypoid gear have adjustable positions so as to reduce backlash.

[0010] In a third aspect of the invention, based on the second aspect, the large spur gear is supported on the fixed base, the intermediate shaft and the driving shaft are disposed in a drive casing adjustably mounted with respect to the fixed base in a direction in which backlash between the large spur gear and the small spur gear is reduced, and the intermediate shaft and the driving shaft are supported by the drive casing while being adjustably positionable in a direction so that backlash in the hypoid gear is reduced.

[0011] According to the rotational indexing device of the first aspect of the invention, the gears, which belong to the gear mechanism and are meshed with each other, are adjustable in the direction in which the backlash is reduced. Therefore, the problems attributed to the backlash can be eliminated with a simple structure and at a low cost.

[0012] According to the second aspect of the invention, the small spur gear provided on the intermediate shaft is meshed with the large spur gear provided on the swivel slide, and the intermediate shaft and the driving shaft are connected to each other with the hypoid gear. The driving shaft is adjustable in the direction in which the backlash in the hypoid gear is eliminated. Further, the intermediate shaft is adjustable in the direction in which backlash between the small spur gear and the large spur gear is eliminated. Therefore, the backlash can be eliminated with a simple structure, and the transmission efficiency of the turning force can be increased by preventing slip. Furthermore, heat generation in the meshed portions can be restrained, and this allows the device to cope with an increase in rotational indexing speed.

[0013] According to the third aspect of the invention, the hypoid gear is arranged in the drive casing while being adjustable in the direction in which the backlash between both the gears is reduced. Also, the drive casing is mounted on the fixed base while being adjustable in the direction in which the backlash between the large and small spur gears is reduced. Therefore, the structure for eliminating the backlash between the large and small spur gears can be provided with a simple structure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The above and other objects and features of the present invention will be clearly understood from the following description with respect to the preferred embodiment thereof when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and diagrams, in which:

[0015] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a rotational indexing device of a horizontal machining center according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] FIG. 2 is a sectional front elevational view of the rotational indexing device described in FIG. 1;

[0017] FIG. 3 is a right-hand side elevational view of the rotational indexing device described in FIG. 1;

[0018] FIG. 4 is a rear elevational view of the rotational indexing device described in FIG. 1; and

[0019] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the horizontal machining center according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0020] Hereinbelow, the embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] FIGS. 1 through 5 are views for explaining the rotational indexing device of a horizontal machining center (machine tool) according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 show a plan view, a sectional front elevation, a right-hand side view and a rear elevation, respectively, of the rotational indexing device. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the horizontal machining center provided with the rotational indexing device. The terms representing the positions of “front and rear”, “left and right” and “upper and lower” in connection with the figures mean the positions when viewed from the machine front.

[0022] In FIG. 5, a horizontal machining center 1 is disposed having a column 3 that is movable in the X-axis direction (horizontal direction) in a rear portion 2a of its fixed bed 2, and a saddle 4 is movable in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction) in the column 3. A main shaft head 5 mounted with its axial line horizontally extended is movable in the Z-axis direction (depthwise direction) on the saddle 4. Further, a main shaft 6 is rotatably inserted in the main shaft head 5, and the main shaft 6 is loaded with a detachable tool (not shown). By moving the main shaft 6 in the directions of the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis while rotatively driving this main shaft 6 by means of a main shaft motor (not shown), specified workpiece processing is performed.

[0023] An anchor block 7 is arranged and fixed in a front portion 2b of the bed 2. A fixed base 8 of a rotational indexing device 10 is fixed on this anchor block 7, and a processing table 9 is mounted on the rotational indexing device 10. This processing table 9 is loaded with a workpiece.

[0024] As shown in FIGS. 1 through 4, the rotational indexing device 10 is provided with a rotational drive mechanism 12 for rotationally driving the swivel slide 11 provided rotatably on the fixed base 8 into a specified rotationally indexed position and a clamping mechanism 13 for clamping the swivel slide 11 in the indexed position. Also, the processing table 9 is mounted and fixed on the swivel slide 11.

[0025] The fixed base 8 is structured roughly by fixing by bolting an inner cylinder section 8b constructed of a cylindrical body in a center portion on a base section 8a fixed on the anchor block 7 and forming a cylindrical outer cylinder section 8c in a peripheral portion coaxially with the inner cylinder section 8b.

[0026] Moreover, the swivel slide 11 is structured roughly by rotatably inserting a cylindrical swivel slide section 11a in the inner cylinder section 8b, by bolting a table mounting section 11c on the upper end surface of the swivel slide section 11a and by bolting an outer ring section 11d that comes in sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder section 8c on the lower surface of the peripheral portion of the table mounting section 11c.

[0027] The clamping mechanism 13 is provided with a stationary-side coupling 15, which is annular when viewed in a plan view. The stationary-side coupling 15 is arranged outside the inner cylinder section 8b and bolted on the upper surface of the base section 8a. A rotary-side coupling 16, which is annular when viewed in a plan view, is arranged coaxially outside the stationary-side coupling 15 and is bolted on the lower surface of the outer ring section lid. A joint coupling 17 is annular when viewed in a plan view and is arranged above both the couplings 15 and 16.

[0028] The joint coupling 17 is slidably supported in the direction of rotational axis A on the fixed base 8. Moreover, the numbers of columnar rollers 19 are arranged vertically in two rows between the outer peripheral surface of the stationary-side coupling 15 and the inner peripheral surface of the rotary-side coupling 16. With this arrangement, the rotary-side coupling 16 and also the swivel slide 11 can rotate around the rotational axis A.

[0029] Meshing teeth 15a and 16a are formed with a prescribed angular pitch provided in the circumferential direction on the upper surface of the stationary-side and rotary-side couplings 15 and 16. Moreover, coupling teeth 17a are formed with a prescribed angular pitch in the circumferential direction so as to meshably oppose both of the meshing teeth 15a and 16a on the lower surface of the joint coupling 17. This joint coupling 17 is movable between a clamped position where it is in meshing engagement with the stationary-side and rotary-side couplings 15 and 16 and an unclamped position where the meshing engagement is released.

[0030] A cylinder member 20, which is annular when viewed in a plan view, is arranged on the upper side of the joint coupling 17. The cylinder member 20 is fixed by bolting on the upper end of the inner cylinder section 8b of the fixed base 8. A space, which is surrounded by the cylinder member 20, the inner cylinder section 8b and the joint coupling 17, serves as a hydraulic chamber 21.

[0031] Then, the joint coupling 17 moves down when the hydraulic chamber 21 is supplied with a hydraulic pressure. At that time its coupling teeth 17a come in meshing engagement with the meshing teeth 15a and 16a of the stationary-side and rotary-side couplings 15 and 16. The rotary-side coupling 16 is fixed to the stationary-side coupling 15 by this meshing engagement, and the processing table 9 is clamped in the rotational angle position specified by the pitches of the meshing teeth 15a and 16a.

[0032] Moreover, a spring 22 is provided for urging, with pressure, the joint coupling 17 in the unclamping direction of the joint coupling 17 between the stationary-side coupling 15 and the joint coupling 17. If hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic chamber 21 is released, then the joint coupling 17 is moved up by the spring force of the spring 22, and the clamp is released to allow the swivel slide 11 to rotate.

[0033] The rotational drive mechanism 12 is housed in a drive casing 25, which is mounted and fixed on the right-hand side wall of the fixed base 8.

[0034] The drive casing 25 is structured so that a lid member 27 is fixed by bolting on the back side surface of the casing body 26 on which a mounting boss portion 26b is bolted with a fixing bolt 50 on the right-hand side wall of the fixed base 8. The drive casing 25 includes a gear chamber 25a extending in the depthwise direction and a motor chamber 25b formed in a rear portion of the gear chamber 25a.

[0035] The large spur gear 30, which has a pitch corresponding to the indexing pitch, is integrally formed with the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring section 11d of the swivel slide 11. The small spur gear 31 provided in the gear chamber 25a is meshed with this large spur gear 30. The intermediate shaft 32, on which this small spur gear 31 is formed, is disposed parallel to the rotational axis A. This intermediate shaft 32 is axially supported by a bearing member 33, and the bearing member 33 is bolted on the casing body 26.

[0036] A driving shaft 35 extends in a direction perpendicular to the rotational axis A and is provided below the intermediate shaft 32 in the gear chamber 25a of the drive casing 25. This driving shaft 35 is rotatably inserted and supported via bearings 37 in the cylindrical support member 36. The support member 36 is bolted on the casing body 26.

[0037] A driven pulley 40 provided in the motor chamber 25b is mounted and fixed on the rear end portion of the driving shaft 35. A driving motor 41 is housed below the driven pulley 40 in the motor chamber 25b, and a driving pulley 42 is mounted and fixed on an output shaft 41a of the driving motor 41. This driving pulley 42 and the driven pulley 40 are connected to each other with a timing belt 43.

[0038] The driving shaft 35 and the intermediate shaft 32 are connected to each other with a hypoid gear 45. This hypoid gear 45 is structured so that a driving gear 46 formed integrally with the front end portion of the driving shaft 35 is meshed with a driven gear 47, which is annular when viewed in a plan view and is mounted and fixed on the lower end portion of the intermediate shaft 32. This driving shaft 35 is eccentric outwardly to the axial line of the intermediate shaft 32, and both the axial lines are perpendicular to each other.

[0039] The rotation of the driving motor 41 is transmitted to the driving shaft 35 via the timing belt 43 and is transmitted from the driving shaft 35 to the swivel slide 11 via the hypoid gear 45, the intermediate shaft 32, the small spur gear 31 and the large spur gear 30. The processing table 9 is thus indexed in the specified rotational angle position.

[0040] In the case of the present embodiment, with regard to the gear mechanism portions of the mechanism that transmits the power of the driving motor 41 to the swivel slide 11, the positions of the gears can be adjusted so that the backlash between the gears meshed with each other is reduced.

[0041] Specifically, the support member 36 can be adjusted in a direction in which the backlash in the hypoid gear 45 is reduced. That is, the support member 36 has its flange 36a portion fixed tightly with a bolt 49 to the casing body 26 in a state in which the driving gear 46 of the hypoid gear 45 is pressed against the driven gear 47 in a direction of arrow B (turning force transmitting direction). In this case, by properly replacing a washer 49a interposed between the flange 36a and a bearing surface 26a of the casing body 26 with one of a varied thickness, the backlash between the driving gear 46 and the driven gear 47 can be adjusted to approximately zero.

[0042] Moreover, the small spur gear 31 and the large spur gear 30 can be adjusted in a direction in which the backlash between both the gears is reduced. That is, the casing body 26 and also the drive casing 25 are fixed tightly with a fixing bolt 50 on the fixed base 8 in a state in which the small spur gear 31 is pressed against the large spur gear 30 in the direction of arrow B (turning force transmitting direction). Specifically, the fixing bolt 50 is screwed into the fixed base 8 from an elongate hole 26c formed in the mounting boss portion 26b of the casing body 26. By tightening an adjusting bolt 51 screwed into the fixed base 8 from the bearing surface 26a of the casing body 26 in a state where the fixing bolt 50 is loosened and then tightening the fixing bolt 50 when the backlash between the small spur gear 31 and the large spur gear 30 becomes approximately zero after the above operation, the backlash can be adjusted.

[0043] The operation and effects of the present embodiment are described next.

[0044] In the clamped state of the processing table 9, the hydraulic chamber 21 is supplied with a hydraulic pressure, and the joint coupling 17 is engaged with both the stationary-side and rotary-side couplings 15 and 16. When indexing the workpiece in a specified angular position from the above-mentioned clamped state, the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic chamber 21 is released. Then, the joint coupling 17 is moved up by the spring 22 to release the engagement between the stationary-side and rotary-side couplings 15 and 16, thereby entering an unclamped state.

[0045] The driving motor 41 rotates in this unclamped state. This rotation is transmitted to the swivel slide 11 via the driving shaft 35, the hypoid gear 45, the intermediate shaft 32 and the small and large spur gears 31 and 30, thereby indexing the processing table 9 in the specified rotational angle position. If the rotary-side coupling 16 is indexed in the specified angular position, and hydraulic chamber 21 is supplied with a hydraulic pressure, the joint coupling 17 moves down to fix the rotary-side coupling 16 on the stationary-side coupling 15. This fixes the processing table 9 and the workpiece can be processed in this state.

[0046] According to the rotational indexing device 10 of the present embodiment, the small spur gear 31 formed on the intermediate shaft 32 is meshed with the large spur gear 30 formed integrally with the outer ring section 11d of the swivel slide 11. Also, the intermediate shaft 32 and the driving shaft 35 are connected to each other with the hypoid gear 45. In addition, the hypoid gear 45 is adjustable in the direction in which the backlash is removed, and the small spur gear 31 and the large spur gear 30 are adjustable in the direction in which the backlash is removed. This arrangement therefore allows the rotation transmission efficiency to be increased by preventing slip in transmitting the turning force. It also allows the heat generation to be restrained at the meshed portions and is consequently able to cope with an increase in rotational indexing speed.

[0047] In the present embodiment, the support member 36 is mounted on the casing body 26 while being pressurized in a direction in which the driving gear 46 of the hypoid gear 45 and the driven gear 47 are meshed with each other, and this casing body 26 is mounted on the fixed base 8 while being pressurized in a direction in which the small and large spur gears 31 and 30 are meshed with each other. This arrangement is able to remove the backlash in the hypoid gear 45 and the backlash between the small spur gear 31 and the large spur gear 30 with a simple structure at low cost.

[0048] In the aforementioned embodiment, the gear mechanism is constructed of the large and small spur gears and the hypoid gear according to the aforementioned description. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned combination, and a combination of other gears is also acceptable. What is essential is that the gears meshed with each other are required to be provided adjustable in position so that the backlash is reduced.

[0049] Although the aforementioned embodiment has been described taking the case where the rotational indexing device is assembled into a horizontal machining center as an example, the present invention includes a singly adopted rotational indexing device.

[0050] It is to be understood that although the present invention has been described with regard to preferred embodiments thereof, various other embodiments and variants may occur to those skilled in the art, which are within the scope and spirit of the invention, and such other embodiments and variants are intended to be covered by the following claims.

[0051] The text of Japanese priority application no. 2001-397419 filed Dec. 27, 2001 is hereby incorporated by reference.

Claims

1. A machine tool rotational indexing device comprising: a swivel slide, adapted to be loaded with at least one of a workpiece and a tool, is rotationally and indexably mounted in a predetermined rotational angular position on a fixed base; a driving motor being operatively connected to said swivel slide by a power transmission mechanism that includes a gear mechanism, and said gear mechanism including at least one gear having an adjustable position in a direction so that backlash in said gear mechanism is reduced.

2. A machine tool rotational indexing device as defined in claim 1, wherein all of the gears in said gear mechanism include a position adjustment means for adjusting their respective positions.

3. The machine tool rotational indexing device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a large spur gear provided in an outer peripheral portion of said swivel slide; a small spur gear meshed with said large spur gear provided on an intermediate shaft arranged parallel to a rotational axis of said swivel slide; a driving shaft arranged in a direction perpendicular to the rotational axis and said intermediate shaft are connected to each other with a hypoid gear, and wherein said large spur gear, said small spur gear and said hypoid gear have adjustable positions so as to reduce backlash.

4. The machine tool rotational indexing device as claimed in claim 3, wherein said large spur gear is supported on said fixed base, said intermediate shaft and said driving shaft are disposed in a drive casing adjustably mounted with respect to said fixed base in a direction in which backlash between said large spur gear and said small spur gear is reduced, and said intermediate shaft and said driving shaft are supported by said drive casing while being adjustably positionable in a direction so that backlash in the hypoid gear is reduced.