Patent Grant
8989778
Embodiments of the invention relate generally to mobile communication networks, and more specifically, to securely and privately displaying geographic locations of users on mobile communication devices.
The incorporation of location and navigation technology, such as global positioning system (GPS) technology into mobile phones and similar wireless portable devices has created a class of “location-aware” devices that allow users to communicate with other users as well as determine or even view the location of other users on their own device. Such devices may be configured to display a regional map and the location of other users and/or places of interest on their device. This greatly enhances the social networking capability of such devices, beyond simple voice or text-based communication by allowing users to quickly find friends and associates and coordinate activities based on respective locations.
The incorporation of location display capability in mobile communication or computing devices, however, raises particular concerns about security and privacy. Such capability can be inadvertently used to locate or track people in situations where such location information is not desired to be made known. Although present systems may allow users to hide their location from display on other user devices, such systems typically allow for wholesale enabling or disabling of the location display feature for an entire class of users. What is needed, therefore, is a location-aware mobile communication system that incorporates flexible security and privacy features to allow customized or context specific disabling or enabling of location display capability on user devices.
Embodiments of a location-based social network manager process are described. The process is executed on a server computer coupled to a plurality of mobile communication devices over a wireless network. At least some of the mobile devices are location-aware mobile communication devices. The process determines the geographic location of a mobile communication device operated by a user within an area, displays a map representation of the area around the mobile communication device on a graphical user interface of the mobile communication device, and superimposes on the map the respective locations of one or more other users of mobile communication devices coupled to the mobile communication device over the network. The user can build a database of trusted friends among the one or more other users whose location can be displayed on each respective mobile communication device. A privacy component allows users to establish trusted relationships by requiring mutual consent and disclosure of identifier and phone number information for each trusted user. Location information can be blocked among trusted users or obfuscated on the display of the mobile devices of the other users. Messaging and alert functions using the communications capability of the mobile device can incorporate the location information resulting in interaction among users based on user identity as well as relative position to one another. A location privacy manager user interface allows a user to control various location display and privacy aspects of the system.
Each publication, patent, and/or patent application mentioned in this specification is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety to the same extent as if each individual publication and/or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
Embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements.
Embodiments of a location-based social network system and mobile communication device that incorporates a real-time map display with enhanced privacy features are described. In the following description, numerous specific details are introduced to provide a thorough understanding of, and enabling description for, embodiments of the system. One skilled in the relevant art, however, will recognize that these embodiments can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other components, systems, and so on. In other instances, well-known structures or operations are not shown, or are not described in detail, to avoid obscuring aspects of the disclosed embodiments.
Embodiments are directed to a location-based social network system that enables the display of maps and real-time location information on mobile phones and similar communication devices.
In one embodiment, a server computer 104 runs a location-based social network manager process 112. This process controls various data objects relating to one or more social parameters or characteristics of the users of the mobile devices 102. The users of the mobile devices form a group or number of subgroups of people who desire to interact with one another on a social level by communicating with one another, participating in activities, sharing information or experiences, or other types of social or professional interaction based on their location. Because the users of the mobile devices are inherently transitory, a fundamental data object associated with each of the users of the mobile devices is the location of each user within a particular region. Other parameters include the profile of each user, and the preferences of each user with respect to activities, people, privileges, and so on. Each user who desires to interact with other users in the system using this data utilizes the location-based social network manager process 112. Through a subscription, or similar membership-type (free or fee-based) participation model, each user registers with the server computer 104 by providing certain information relating to the user. Each principle parameter or characteristic for each user is stored in one or more databases accessible to the server computer 104. For the embodiment of
In one embodiment, each user of a mobile device may also operate or access the location-based social network manager process 112 through a client computer 106, or any device that can access the Internet, such as a WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) device 105. The client computer 106, or similar device 105 (hereinafter also referred to as a “client computer”), facilitates the establishment and management of each user's account on the server computer by providing a comprehensive interface to the databases and processes provided on the server computer 104. For the embodiment shown, the client computer interface supported by the server computer is a World-Wide Web (WWW) based interface through a web server 114 to the network 110 that supports the client computers 106. Thus, for this embodiment, the web server 114 is a server or process that stores data in the form of web pages and transmits these pages as Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) files over the Internet 110 to the client computers 106. For this embodiment, the client computers typically run a web browser program to access the web pages served by the web server 114 and any available content provider or supplemental server that may also be coupled to the network. The client computers may access the Internet 110 through an Internet Service Provider (ISP). It should be noted that network 110 may be the Internet, a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Local Area Network (LAN), or any combination thereof.
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As shown in
In one embodiment, the location-based social network manager process 112 contains one or more program components that perform the tasks of displaying location and user profile information related to each mobile communication device that is part of the network, on each mobile device and client computer, and facilitating communication between devices based on the location information. The process also includes a database manager program that manages the different databases stored in data store 120. It should be noted that the various databases 122 to 128 shown in data store 120 can be organized as separate databases, portions of a single database, or any other logical structure appropriate for storing the data.
As illustrated in
A map database 122 can also be included in data store 120. This database provides the background maps that are displayed on each user's mobile device and correspond to an area or region around the user at the time the user invokes the process. In one embodiment, the map images comprise map tiles that are image files of maps with varying degrees of granularity. For example, a map tile of the United States may provide an image of the continental U.S. that can be zoomed to display a regional street level map for any area in the U.S. The maps may be stored locally within the data store 120 to be provided by the server 104 to the appropriate mobile device 102, or they may be provided by a third party map provider. Other databases storing information relating to the user's of the system and the areas of their operation can also be included in data store 120, such as an events database, a place of interest database, a store finder database, and the like.
In one embodiment, the location-based social network manager process 112 executed by server 104 includes a location-to-display process 152. This process converts the location data into pixel data that displays an icon representing the device 160 on a map that is appropriately scaled based on user input. The background maps may be provided by a separate map server 154. The location-based social network manager process 112 includes components that display the location information for device 160 to other user devices 102 based on lists of friends whom user 160 has specified as authorized to view such location information.
In an alternative embodiment, the location-to-display process may be implemented in part or in whole by a process that is executed locally on device 160.
Social Networking
In one embodiment, each user of a mobile device 102 maintains an account on the server computer 104 that is set up and maintained through a subscription or similar membership mechanism. This account allows each user to define their own profile and preference data and define the boundaries of interaction with the other users in the system. The server computer 104 may be a centralized server or cluster of server computers that maintains the processes and databases for a number of different users, or it may represent a distributed set of computers located in different geographic regions, each serving a different group of users.
The location-based social network manager allows each user to set up virtual networks that connect that user to other people, places, and events in a manner that adaptively utilizes the geographic location information for each of these items. The process 112 utilizes the user profile and preference information to allow the user to define networks of friends within the entire group of users and then locate these friends on maps that are displayed on the mobile device itself. Using the messaging and calendar functions of the mobile device, the user can then send and receive messages on the device from these friends, or find places of interest or events in the area.
In one embodiment, each mobile communication device runs local client versions of the map generator and database manager components. Such a component or components may be a thin-client program, such as a Java program running on a cell phone, for example. In one embodiment, each mobile communication device includes a circuit or component that determines the geographic location of the device relative to a standard set of coordinates. Such a location determination component can be a GPS module or assisted GPS (A-GPS) that provides the location of the mobile communication devices in terms of latitude/longitude coordinates, or a cell phone locator module that provides the location in terms of distance to the nearest fixed cell transmitter location or a group of transmitters, or other similar location determination method. Such methods can include, but are not limited to: Time-of-Arrival (TOA), Time-Difference-of-Arrival (TDOA), a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) network, mesh networks, and similar networks. The client side map generator displays a map of an area (provided by map database 122) around the user on the display screen of the mobile communication device. Superimposed on this map is an indicator for the location of the mobile communication device. As the user moves, the position of his location on the displayed map is updated in real-time or near real-time. The map image information is configurable depending upon the location of the user, and can be provided by the server computer 104, a separate map provider service, or it can be programmed into the mobile device itself.
In one embodiment, the client-side database manager component stores user-generated connections between the subscribing user and other subscribing users (e.g., acquaintances, friends, family, or other contacts) (hereinafter collectively referred to as “friends”), as well as other items of interest, such as places of interest or locations of events of interest as generated by the subscribing users. The map generator component can be configured to display the locations of such subscriber-generated places or of any friends that are within the region displayed on the map, and have mobile devices that are similarly capable of determining their own location. In this manner, the user of the mobile communication device can see his or her location relative to other friends or places of interest directly on maps displayed on the mobile communication device. In general, the displayed map is a street level map to aid the navigation of the user within the region displayed by the map. The map can be scaled from any number of degrees of resolution, such as from country to state or city level down to block level, depending upon the configuration of the map generator component.
Depending upon the constraints of the display of the mobile device, other items of interest, such as names and status of friends and/or places of interest or events can also be displayed or shown on the map. Different visual indicators or tiling techniques, or nested menu techniques can be used to provide access to the graphical information provided on the display. In one embodiment, the process can be configured to display the name, image, and any associated status information for a user when the icon associated with the user is selected on the display.
In one embodiment, access to the account for a mobile device user is also provided through a web-based (or similar) interface from a client computer 106. In general, client accounts and databases are created using the server computer. The client computer provides the means for the user to manage the databases used by the map generator, user database, user provided database, etc. and takes advantage of greater processing power typically not found in mobile devices, such as cell phones. One or more databases are created to store information related to the user's friends and other items of interest, such as events, locations, and the like. In one embodiment, the client computer 106 runs a web browser 114 to access web pages and resources available on server 104 and served by web server 114.
The database manager allows a user to create a database of friendship connections, events, user-specified locations of interest, favorite things, and any other items that have geographic and/or time context with respect to interests of the user. These data objects are stored in the user database 124 for each user. The information in this database can be organized in any number of ways. For friends, a grouping function allows the user to define specific sub-groups of friends to facilitate finding or messaging select people out of the total number of friends. Thus, friends can be grouped into different categories to allow easier identification and contact with specific people. The client side module on the mobile device allows the user to access and modify these databases of friends, events, and so on, on the mobile device.
Information within the databases stored in data store 120 can be combined in any number of ways to provide the user with appropriate data relating to his or her friends. The location information relating to each friend can be used to provide a visual reference for the user on a map of the area, such as that illustrated in
Security and Privacy Features
Because the location-based social network manager stores and provides access to sometimes sensitive personal identification information (PII) of a user to a network of people, certain privacy measures are included to allow the user to control who has access to this information. PII data may include information about the user (e.g., name, mobile phone number, personal profile, and other unique identifier information), as well as information used by the user (e.g., e-mail address, username, location information, and other network interaction information).
In order to promote the privacy of users, as well as the proper use of location and PII data, the system implements consent-based features, in which any use or disclosure of system data is strictly based upon receiving a user's authorization. A confirmation process confirms that such consent is actually received from a device that is to be located by the system. In one embodiment, the location sharing system is a closed system in which location determination and display services are supported in direct interactions between real and trusted friends. The service does not necessarily control any such interaction, but rather offers privacy setting s and tools that encourages such interaction and allows users to define their networks. This mechanism is meant to strengthen the friendships between people who already know each other and spend time together, not to facilitate the creation of new friendships with people that subscribers do not already know. The security functions may be implemented in a privacy manager module within the location based social network manager 112 of server 104.
An important feature of the privacy functions include the ability to turn off the location sharing so that the location of the device is not broadcast to friends and cannot be determined by friends. The location sharing on/off feature can be triggered through the website, the mobile application, a customer service call, or via an SMS message, or the like. If the mobile communication device is lost or otherwise compromised, the system can disable access to the service by expiring the session ID and erasing all information from the device by means of an appropriate message or signal to the device.
In one embodiment, individual users are provided the capability of turning on or off their location sharing capability. This can be implemented through means of a toggle switch provided by the user interface on the mobile device or the web page, for each individual user of the system. This would allow a user to turn off location sharing for friend 1, but keep it on for friend 2, or to turn it off for a class of friends, and so on. The user interface also provides a method for the user to specify certain times or time periods in which location sharing is to be automatically disabled or enabled. For example, a user may specify that his or her location should never be shared between 11 pm and 9 am, or on weekends, or any other time parameter. Such restrictions can also be specified for location, such as enabling or disabling location based on area.
Along with location sharing itself, users may also turn off the automatic location updating process. This will cause the display of the last known location of the user if location sharing is enabled, but automatic location updating is not allowed. The automatic location update feature could also implement certain security mechanisms. For example, a user can turn-off or set to ‘manual’ the location update feature, in which case his or her location fix, time stamp and status is essentially frozen and displayed as a constant to the other users. In one embodiment, the system can be configured to make it appear as if the location information has been updated, though, in reality it has not been updated with the actual recent or current location of the user. Thus, an apparently updated message may read “Work, 15 minutes ago,” even though this location may have been manually set days ago.
Through a privacy preference utility, the user can define which characteristics the user can share with others within his or her social network, and set filters to limit access of certain information to only certain users. For example, the user can specify which user or group of users within the network can see the location of the user by defining a “blacklist” of users who are not allowed to see the location information.
As stated above, the service offers end user privacy settings to encourage interaction only between real and trusted friends. The system incorporates certain fundamental privacy features. First, the system requires that two users mutually consent to be friends in the system before any direct interaction (messaging, location sharing, event invitations, etc.) can occur. This request for mutual consent can come in the form as an invitation to the service, in the case that one of the users is not yet a registered user of the service, or as a request to be friends on the network, in the case that both users are already registered users of the service. Accordingly, the system is a “closed network.” Besides, mutual consent, the service requires that the users input a user's phone number before being able to invite them to the service or request a friendship connection. This requirement accomplishes two primary objectives. First, it helps to encourage usage of the service with real and trusted friends. Since consumers are generally trained to be careful to whom they give their phone number, and knowledge of someone's phone numbers typically makes the existence of a real relationship more likely. Second, it limits the ability of users to either inadvertently or maliciously invite or request friendship from users that they do not already know. Thus the system avoids the two most difficult problems faced by many open social networks today: the ability predators have to spam users with friend requests, and “phishing,” the creation and use of fake identities or multiple anonymous profiles in the hope that an unsuspecting user will accept a bogus friend request. The service will not send an invite or request until a valid phone number has been entered, and there is no other means by which to create a friend connection on the system.
In one embodiment, users are able to invite friends to join the service via SMS or e-mail messages after entering a valid mobile phone number of the prospective friend. Before sending out an invite on behalf of the user, the system checks to see that the invite-a-friend messages are sent from verified mobile numbers and accounts. If an invitee accepts an invitation and joins the service, the invitee automatically receives a friend request from inviter. Note that this exchange does not automatically make these parties “friends.” The invitee must explicitly consent to the friend request to create a reciprocal friendship connection. No information sharing occurs through the system until both users mutually and expressly consent to a friendship connect, and the sharing of location information.
In general, friend requests may be sent over the web via email or the mobile device via SMS (SMPP connection). Thus, an invitation may be sent in a number of different formats.
In order to successfully send a request the inviter must already know the invitee's phone number. Accepted friend requests make sharing location an option, not a requirement. The ability to share location information is disabled until both users mutually and expressly consent to sharing location. The service checks that the request is initiated from a confirmed account, and that the friend request is being accepted from a valid registered user account and mobile device. During the invitation process, if the system determines that the invitee is already a registered user, the system provides the username and phone number of the inviter, and checks to see if the phone number is in the personal address book of the invitee. If it is, the name that is entered in the address book is then revealed.
When a user initiates friend request approvals, a reminder message may be displayed on the web and mobile application. Such a warning may state that the service allows other people to know where you are, and that for privacy the user should always make sure that they know who they are sharing their location with. The system can be configured to send an SMS reminder to the user reminding him or her that they are sharing their location. The system can also send an SMS message at an unpredictable time after a new friendship connection is created or a change of password has occurred. Other warning or notification messages can be sent to regularly remind the user about how to use the service's privacy tools. These can include warnings to users that before they close the application that the service will update their location in the background unless they request to completely turn off location sharing; regular text messages notifying users that the service is running on their phone, along with instructions for canceling the service, and other similar warnings.
As shown in
In one embodiment, the system implements a limited search capability in which users can search for friends on the service, but the system only returns limited profiles when displaying results. This limited profile can include a photo, name, and age. If a user chooses to send a friend request, they must provide the valid phone number of their friend before the request is sent. Limited search, along with restricted browsing, discourages unsafe behavior prevalent on more open networks where users can discover new users and browse their profiles freely.
Before being able to use the service, the service requires users to first register with the service. The registration process requires that the user verify ownership of the mobile device attached to their account. The system does this by sending a verification text message to the phone number that the user entered during the registration process. The user must click a link in that verification text message before the account can be activated. Requiring verified ownership of a mobile phone is important to end user privacy for at least two primary reasons. First, it generally eliminates true anonymity. The phone number attached to each account may provide identifying information of the primary account holder. Users are typically less likely to act inappropriately or maliciously knowing that their account's activity can be traced back to them. Second, it restricts abuse of accounts. Because a real phone number is required to activate an account, it is far more challenging to create multiple accounts and identities on the service, as this would require the user to have multiple mobile phone accounts in contrast with Web-based social networks that allow unlimited and free sign-ups. A network that requires a physical phone number severely limits this behavior.
In one embodiment, the service implements certain ongoing monitoring processes to identify and prevent or warn against unwitting or dangerous use, such as stalking of users. For example, if a user creates an account but specifies no friends, this might indicate a user who is interested in only tracking other people. Similarly, if a user has a very low ratio of accepted to denied friends, this may indicate a user with problematic usage behavior and inappropriate intent. A situation in which two accounts are created with one friendship and user A has heavy usage and user B has no usage may also indicate improper use. Many other usage patterns can be defined and monitored to target possible inappropriate use of the system. Such usage patterns are constantly monitored and users are alerted if such patterns are detected. Service may then be suspended or cancelled for users how are not able to provide a satisfactory explanation of such behavior.
In one embodiment, the location-based social network manager 112 includes a graphical user interface component that allows either the user and/or the network to manage a device holder's location-based privacy in a comprehensive system.
Many other parameters are also possible depending upon the privacy functions that are defined for each user. The interface can be implemented in a variety of different ways depending upon the system requirements and design choice, and can include lists of options, hierarchical drop-down menus, simple command entry, and so on. In one embodiment, a user can access and configure the privacy parameters him or herself. Alternatively, or in certain circumstances, the network operator may be able to configure certain privacy parameters, such as in providing a default parameter configuration upon service initiation, or to block or allow access to certain classes of users, and to enable certain regulatory requirements or emergency response services (such as parental controls for minors and E911 systems, etc.).
In one embodiment, the security component is configured to analyze user log-in or subscription behavior to identify potentially suspicious or malicious behaviors based on friend rejections. For example, if a user has been rejected a number of times from a number of different users, this may be taken as a sign that the user is using the service inappropriately and phishing for friend connections. There are two main triggers for suspicious activity. One is a measure of the ratio of rejections to invites to determine whether or not a user has a disproportionately high number of rejections. This is probably an indication that they are “phishing” for friends. A second trigger is a measure of whether or not a user has been rejected multiple times from the same person. This generally indicates that the user is trying to harass another user into accepting a friendship connection. When a user hits either of these triggers, a backend process of the system will flag the user account. In reaction to any of these triggers, the system may be configured to suspend the user's account, warn the user via a SMS and/or email, or simply delete the email. This feature serves as an auto-watchlist for suspicious activities.
Other security and privacy measures can also be incorporated in the system in alternative embodiments, such as protection for minors through limited access to the service to certain age groups. In this embodiment, mechanisms such as restrictions on PII data gathering can be enforced, age screening registration, and parental consent mechanisms can be implemented.
To ensure protection of sensitive user information, such as profile data, location, and any other user data objects that may be stored in the system, the social network manager of the system employs certain privacy functions to limit access to user information to only the user and authorized friends. In one embodiment, each user account is identified by a unique user ID and protected by an associated password known only to the user. User account information is typically stored on the server computer in the form of database tables, such as in user database 124. Other information relating to the users are maintained in separate database tables on the server computer. These can include the location, friends list, profile information, account information, or any other items of information managed by the system.
Because the social networking system can provide location information for individual members of a network, certain privacy features are provided to allow a user to mask or hide a user's actual location information, or limit access to the user's location information. This is an alternative to turning off the location display feature entirely for a user. In one embodiment, a fuzzy location feature is provided. This function adds a random offset to the actual location of a user, and allows the user to share his general location information with other users but hide his exact location. For example, the offset could be one mile, thus the user's location would be offset by a mile when displayed on another user's mobile communication device. The offset value is used until the user moves out of the offset radius. The offset value is then reset and used until the user moves outside of the boundaries defined by the previous or new offset value. The user is randomly displayed in any location within the offset radius, and can be displayed as a large icon encompassing the entire fuzzy area or as a focused icon randomly placed within the radius. This prevents other users from being able to guess a user's location by selecting the location in the middle of several densities.
In another embodiment, the display obfuscation method includes snapping a location indicator to set location, such as the upper right corner of a grid. This would prevent so-called “centroid” attacks on the system to try to decode the user's location. Location information can also be obfuscated on the basis of other location parameters, such as zip code, city, region, and so on. In this case, an icon or location-indicator would indicate that a user was in a certain region or zip code, but would not provide the location of the user within that area. Other obfuscation techniques could also be implemented to mask or obscure the location information for users or groups of users. For example, groups of close points on a map, either users or points of interest on a map may be clustered. A key would then be needed to scroll through the clustered points.
In certain deployments, such as those involving many mobile device users based around one or more server computers, the amount of data transmitted throughout the system can be very high. If many users constantly change location and/or message other users on a frequent basis and at approximately the same time, the network traffic could easily overwhelm the system causing lock-up conditions or drastic slowing of network traffic. In one embodiment, the location-based social network manager process employs a data compression mechanism to compress the location and message data to reduce the network traffic between the mobile devices and the server computer. The data compression mechanism, according to one embodiment recognizes frequently used patterns and assigns them a number between 0 and 255. These patterns can thus be represented in one-byte. A dictionary of the 256 most frequently used patterns is generated and stored on one or both of the server and client devices and shared between the client and server. In alternative embodiments, other known data compression methods can be used to compress the network traffic between the server computer and the client computers and mobile communication devices.
Messaging Functionality
The mobile communication device can also be configured to provide other functions or utilities that facilitate user interaction with friends based on the location information displayed on the mobile communication device. For example, a messaging utility can be used to send and receive text or voice messages from a friend or groups of friends within a displayed area. In one embodiment, the location-based social network manager process 112 includes a messaging module that allows messages to be sent to friends on the device where they are most likely to see it. The messaging module utilizes the group module and the geographic location functionality of the mobile communication device. The message can be sent as a text message or instant message (IM) between mobile communication devices, or as a web message between client computers. In general, messages can be transmitted between any of the computers and devices illustrated in
In one embodiment, the social network manager also includes an event manager module that allows a user to program places and/or events of interest. The event manager allows the user to create and manage various events using date and location information and send invitations or messages regarding the events to friends using the grouping function and messaging utilities of the system. Thus, the event manager module utilizes the group module and the geographic location functionality of the mobile communication device. Lists of public events can be provided by separate event servers accessible to the server, client computers or mobile devices of the system 100, or they may be programmed into an event database stored in data store 120. Typically private events are created and stored by each user, and each user may store events or other similar information in their own user provided database. Alternatively, events can be stored in one or more separate event databases (public and/or private events) within database store 120. If permission is granted, the database functionality of the mobile devices allows a user to view events created by other users or those that are public. Public events are typically events that are provided by users or partners that provide event information.
User-Generated Locations
In one embodiment, the location-based social network manager includes a user-generated location feature, feature that allows users in the network to program and share private and possibly, public places of interest (POI) with one another. A database specifying places and/or events can be stored in data store 120. This database can store different items of information relevant to a place of interest, such as, location, hours, products/services provided, and so on. This information can be provided to a user in a “pull” model, in which the user searches for the stored user-generated location through the web page or mobile communication device. Alternatively, the information can be provided to the user in a “push” model in which the server sends relevant POI information to a user based on a user condition, such as if the user goes near a particular POI. The POI feature utilizes a reverse geocoding method in which the system determines the user's location, and correlates the location coordinates to entries in the POI database to determine which bar, restaurant, or other where they may be. This POI information can then be displayed on the user's friends mobile communication devices as the location of the user. This allows the system to automatically determine and display the location of a user and to share more descriptive and precise location information without requiring the user to manually type anything. For example, using the friend finding and messaging functions, a user can send a message to his or her friends simply saying that they are near the “ABC” bookstore instead of any address or other location information. In determining the location of the user, the server looks up the latitude/longitude information of the user, matches it to the corresponding POI, and sends the POI information to the other users in the network.
The storage of user-generated location information in a database allows a user to search for and find user-generated places almost automatically using the location finding capabilities of the mobile communication device. The user can specify a POI to be found, and the system will display the location of the POI relative to the user. The user can then bring up the relevant information relating to the POI, such as hours, prices, and so on. User-generated places can be private or public. Public user-generated places are those that are defined or provided by the server or third party providers. Private user-generated places are those that are defined by individual users. Depending upon the privilege settings, a user may be able to access his or her friend's user-generated places.
In one embodiment, the user-generated location feature provides a tagging and feedback sharing mechanism that allows the user to tag a place and provide feedback. Tagging involves noting the location of a place or capturing an image of the place and downloading it to the server. User feedback can be provided as text messages or rankings using a user-defined or pre-defined template that is stored in the user-provided database or separate POI database. This database can be made available to friends or other users of the network, depending upon the preferences set by the user. Various messages, such as reviews, advertisements, and the like can be associated with each POI and displayed upon selection of the POI by the user. The POI and messaging features also enable users to send itineraries of trips to groups of friends. This greatly facilitates the planning and communication of group trips.
In one embodiment, the location-based social network manager includes a review and recommendation function that allows each user to review and rank events or user-generated places so that this information can be shared with the other users. When a user visits a tagged POI (or attends a tagged event), he or she can provide a numerical (keypad) ranking of 1-9 and/or write a short summary of the place. The server process can also be configured to automatically request or remind the user to provide a ranking or summary of the POI upon the user's next system login through the web site or the mobile communication device. For each POI, the server compiles the rankings and summary reports and makes these available to any user who desires to see them. The server process can also be configured to compile statistical profiles or qualitative profiles of different tagged user-generated places once enough ranking or summary information is available.
The server process can also include a machine learning component that can provide personalized ranking and reviews for individual users based on the identity of the reviewers. This process includes a Bayesian trust network component that learns each user's trust levels with respect to the other user's. Each user may trust certain of their friends with respect to certain types of user-generated places. In this case, the system will weight the ranking provided to the user based on the identity of the reviewer if the reviewer opinion is particularly trusted with respect to the tagged POI. In this manner, personalized and dynamic ranking and review profiles can be established for each POI based on the users and reviewers.
In one embodiment, an auto messaging mechanism sends an alert to a user based on the POI of another user. For this embodiment, when the user tags a particular POI, the server sends an alert to that user when a friend of the user gets within a certain distance of the POI. In this manner, the user can call, send a message, or arrange to meet with his or her friend at the POI, without needing to go through the trouble of pre-arranging a meeting. This facilitates spontaneous networking among users and their friends at particular user-generated places. It should be noted that user-generated places can be any type of location, such as retail establishment (store, restaurant, club, theater, gas station etc.), building (office, house, etc.), public resource (library, museum), street corner, object (e.g., ATM kiosk, post box), and the like.
Several interactive network features are facilitated through the use of the location determination and message capabilities of the mobile devices. For example, not only can friend locations be displayed on a user's mobile device, but an alert function can provide a graphic or audible alert to the user when a particular friend has entered a user determined area or region around the user.
The user interface screens illustrated in
The display process may utilize various smart mechanisms for panning, zooming, scaling, or otherwise displaying dynamic (time and space) information on inherently small form factor displays (i.e., mobile phones). For example, a smart pan and zoom feature may utilize an automatic zoom out mechanism that uses a zoom box instead of a cursor when a user pans off a screen. Then display then zooms back to the original zoom level when the user stops panning.
Location Determination
In one embodiment, each mobile communication device 102 includes a device location module that allows the mobile communication device to determine its own geographic location so that the location of the user operating the device can be displayed on a map on the device, as well as on the mobile devices and client computers of other users in the network. In one embodiment, the location information for mobile communication device is transmitted and stored in the server computer of the network. The location information for all of the users is then transmitted from the server to the mobile communication devices based on the filters and preferences established for each of the users.
For an embodiment in which the network 110 is a cellular phone network, and the mobile communication devices are cellular phones or cell based communication devices, the device location module is a cell ID positioning program that determines the location of the device relative to the nearest one or more cell transmitters to determine a location fix of the device. Depending upon the capabilities of the system, location accuracy can be provided on the order of one to two hundred meters to actual location. If accuracy is not sufficient, the user can be provided with their approximate location either through map or text display and then input their actual location using street address, point of interest, or latitude longitude information.
In one embodiment, the location determination module is a GPS (global positioning system) circuit that determines the location of the mobile communication device using GPS methodology. GPS circuits are capable of updating a device's location on a real or near real-time basis. However, such continuous updates can impose a great deal of processing and communications overhead on the device and the network. Moreover, for a device that is capable of displaying the location of any number of other users, such continuous update methods are highly impractical. If the actual location of every friend in a network were required to be determined every time the user brought up a map, the time and cost requirements would likely be excessive. For embodiments in which the communication network comprises a cellular phone network and the mobile devices are cell phones, the location determination module may be an assisted GPS or “A-GPS” module that uses an assistance server and cell tower that helps the GPS receiver in the phone perform tasks of range measurements and position solutions.
In general, the task of determining location in a mobile device and transmitting location information to a server can utilize a significant amount of power and processing resources, as well as generate a great deal of network traffic to the server. For systems with a large number of mobile devices, polling each device at a set frequency (e.g., every three minutes) could result in an overwhelming amount of network traffic. To minimize the power usage and network and processing overhead, an embodiment of the location determination module employs a GPS polling method that polls the device location of each mobile device in the system as infrequently as possible to thereby impose a minimum load on the carrier networks. The GPS polling method is an iterative polling method that employs a caching mechanism that updates a user's location based on known location information and user behavior. Instead of polling each mobile device in the network at a fixed frequency, the frequency of the location polls for each device depends on the movement and/or activity (interaction with the server) of the user. If the user is stationary and inactive the polling frequency is minimized to result in fewer GPS location polls. If a user is on the move and/or interacting with the server computer, the polling frequency is increased to result in more frequent GPS location polls. A difference value can be used to determine whether the updated location information is stored in the cache and/or transmitted to the server computer, thus adaptively utilizing system resources depending upon the amount of movement or activity of the user.
If a location fix is obtained, a smart polling process is executed wherein the change in distance (distance delta) of the user from the present location and the previous location is used to set the polling frequency, and the location information is updated to the server computer. In step 1010 it is determined whether the new fixed location differs from the previous location by a threshold distance. If the distance delta is not greater than the threshold value, it is assumed that the user has not moved by an appreciable amount, and therefore no location update to the server computer is necessary. In this case, the location polling interval is increased by decreasing the GPS polling frequency by a preset factor. This results in fewer GPS location pulls for a relatively static user. The process then continues from step 1002 at the end of the first new polling period. If, in step 1010, it is determined that the distance delta is greater than the threshold value, then it is assumed that the user has moved by an appreciable amount. In this case, the location information is transmitted to the server, 1014. The polling frequency is also increased by a preset factor depending upon the current polling frequency. If the present polling frequency is slow, it can be increased to track the user. The process then continues from step 1002 to obtain a new fix at the end of the shorter period. If the user slows down or stops, the distance delta comparison step 1010 will cause the polling frequency to decrease in accordance with the reduced movement of the user.
The initial and modified location polling frequencies can be set to any value in accordance with the requirements and constraints of the server and mobile devices. For example, an initial polling interval could be set to 20 minutes, and the wait or sleep period could be set to anywhere between 15 seconds to 300 minutes. Likewise, the threshold distance represents the minimum distance that the user has traveled to require that the system update his or her location, and can vary from a few meters to a few kilometers, or more. The increase or decrease in the polling interval performed in steps 1012 and 1016 can vary from 100% of the present polling period up to a certain maximum number of minutes, such as between 80 minutes to 300 minutes, depending on certain factors such as time of day, system requirements, and so on.
The GPS polling method illustrated in
In one embodiment, the latest location information for a user is stored as a data entry on the mobile communication device and sent to the server for temporary or permanent storage. Each location entry is stored, at least temporarily, in the location database 126 on the server computer. The server computer can be configured to store only the latest location for the user, or all previous locations of the user in a location log. The location log entries include a time stamp based on the location poll time and the latitude/longitude (or other location indicator) at that time. To reduce memory usage successive unchanged location entries can be discarded so that only changes in location are stored in the location log. Security or privacy functions can be implemented to block the access of location history information to anyone but the user himself.
Data Synchronization and Privacy
In one embodiment, the location-based social network manager process 112 includes an intelligent caching and synchronization function that caches critical data with normal updates to each mobile communication device in the network. Because a user can update their own data on either the mobile communication device or through the client computer, and other members can also impact a particular user's data, a synchronization function is necessary to ensure that the information available to the user is as up-to-date as possible while minimizing network traffic. Data between the user's mobile communication device and account data stored on the server and/or client may be out of sync because the user changed the data on the web site, but not the mobile device, a friendship request from another user was confirmed, or some other input from another user was input to the system. Each class of information to be synchronized is assigned a version number, which is maintained by both the server computer 104 and the respective mobile communication device 102. Each time a mobile communication device makes a request to the server, its data packets are prepended with a set of synchronization bytes. The server checks all of these bytes. If the data is out of sync with data that is on the server, the updated information is prepended by the server computer for transmission back to the mobile communication device.
Certain important data is cached on the mobile communication device itself. This includes the status of a user's friends on the network and other similar data that is small in size and frequently accessed. The caching mechanism reduces the network traffic between the mobile communication device and the server computer, thereby increasing network efficiency, minimizing open sockets on the network, and providing a more fluid and immediate user experience through the mobile communication device. The synchronization function is used in conjunction with the mobile communication device cache to ensure data coherence between the user's mobile communication device and the server computer.
Although the server computer can be configured to transmit the updated information along to the user as soon as it is received, in a preferred embodiment, the updated information is sent only upon user activity to reduce network traffic and tailor data updates based on user demand. If a user is not active, it is assumed that the user does not necessarily need real time updates of changed friend information. Any user activity with the server computer can trigger an update, such as powering on the device, making a request for services, forcing a location fix, or a performing a refresh operation, and the like. Upon receiving a network call from the user, the server computer bundles all of the flagged and held updated data and transmits it to the user. Thus, in step 1108, the user receives the updated data or changed status for his or her friend on the mobile device or client computer.
Social-Network Business System
In one embodiment, the location-based social network manager can incorporate or be used as a platform for a revenue-based social networking business system. One or more aspects of the process will involve fee-based services that generate income for any of the service providers and/or users. For example, a fee could be charged to each user every time a location fix is provided and displayed for the user's friends on his or her mobile communication device, or every time a message is sent or received from the user's friends. Revenue generating aspects can also be associated with the POI feature. For example, a fee could be charged to a user for accessing and displaying a POI on the mobile communication device. For commercial user-generated places, a fee might be charged to the business for displaying the location on the user's mobile communication device. Likewise, fees could be charged for the transmission of advertising messages to the users in a network. Such ads could be associated directly with particular places of interest, or they could be streamed to the user's through an ad serving service, or the like. Various different revenue models can be implemented with the fee structure defined and controlled by the server computer administrator. Any revenue received through the use of service fees, message fees, advertising fees, subscription/membership fees, and the like can be retained by the system administrator or shared among the parties in a manner defined by the administrator.
In one embodiment, each user of a mobile communication device establishes an account with the server computer to set up the appropriate databases and establish communication with the server computer. This account mechanism establishes a membership system whereby users who can share their location information are all “members” of the network defined by the location-based social network process. In a typical deployment, the membership is free for the users. Alternatively, each user can be charged a periodic or one-time membership fee to use the social network process. In general, each member logs into the server computer individually to establish and manage their account. In one embodiment, the social network process includes a invitation mechanism that allows established users to invite non-members to the service. In this embodiment, the member user sends the phone number, e-mail address, or other contact information for the non-member to the server computer. The server computer then sends a client application (or applet) to the non-member user. The client application prompts the non-member to fill in certain fields to activate his or her new account. Upon providing the proper information, a new account is set up and this person is part of the network. The inviting member is automatically added as a friend in the new member's friends database.
Depending upon the actual system implementation architecture, a number of different methods can be employed to register and validate users.
Upon input of the user information, the system displays certain carrier and service notices that require user review and consent. Without such consent, the user is not allowed to use the service. As shown in block 1410, the user is first shown and consents to the carrier terms of use. The carrier terms of use typically contains information regarding provision of voice and data services and billing issues. The user is then shown and must consent to the social network service terms of use notice, block 1412. The social network service terms of use provides information about location sharing issues and any other social networking services that may be available through the service. In one embodiment, consent to the social network service requires review of a Terms, Conditions, and Privacy Notice menu, from which the user must select one out of a number of options with regard to how he or she will access or receive the terms of use. These can include: “Read on Web,” which directs the user to find the Terms of Use and Privacy Notice on the service web site; “Read on Phone,” which option displays the entire Terms of Use and Privacy Notice on the handset; “Get by email,” which prompts the end user for email address, and the Terms of Use and Privacy Notice are distributed to that email address; “Get by postal mail,” which prompts user for a postal mailing address, and the Terms of Use and Privacy Notice are distributed to that postal mailing address. After selecting a delivery option and reviewing the user is shown a “Done” screen; an initial verification SMS (or similar text message) is then delivered to the handset. The user must then “select link” within the verification SMS to log into the service for the first time, block 1414. Once the user completes registration, the location tracking features of the service are enabled.
In one embodiment, the registration process of the service includes a message-based mechanism to verify that the rightful holder of the handset on which the service is installed is aware that the location of the handset may be shared through confirmed connections (as applicable in accordance with each end users' privacy settings. In one embodiment, this is accomplished through a stream of messages from the service to the user handset, in which at least some of the messages require a response from the user. Failure of the user to provide an adequate response can trigger a suspension of service or disablement of certain features. This helps ensure that only the rightful user of a device is the person who is using the location sharing features of the device.
The welcome message is followed by a second text message that requires a response, block 1504. This response can be performed by accessing a web page or sending a text message back to the service. For example, the second message can be of the form: “service installed! You must click/go to https://www.***.com in the next 12 hours to continue sharing your real-time location with friends”; or it can be of the form: “service installed! You must text “Y” to ***** in the next 12 hours to continue sharing your real-time location with friends.” Instead of a simple Yes/No input to such a question, the system may be configured to require a special text input that must be read or derived from a message in order to provide an appropriate answer. For example, the prompt message may read: “Please reply to the SMS with the word ‘affirmative’ to continue sharing your location.” This helps prevent an unauthorized person from accessing the phone and simply typing ‘Yes’ to a service text message. This second message is sent from the server computer randomly within 25 to 48 hours of a completed registration. In the reply to the second message, the user is presented with different reply options. One option is to present the user a WAP-page offering the user multiple options to confirm location-sharing preferences. A second option is to allow the user to reply to the message with a text “Y” for yes, “N” for no, or “H” for help to turn on or off the location display capabilities.
After receipt of the response to the second message, the application server then sends a third message, block 1506. This message again alerts the user that the service is installed and that location display is or may be enabled. The third message thus includes text that instructs the user how to disable the feature, such as: “Text “stop” to 43556 [Reply with “stop”] or call 611 to stop location sharing.” The third message is sent randomly within 49 to 72 hours of a completed registration.
After the third message is sent, the server transmits a fourth message to validate location sharing selection by the user, block 1508. This fourth message requires a response from the user. Like the second message, the fourth message can be of the form: “service installed! You must click/go to https://www.***.com in the next 12 hours to continue sharing your real-time location with friends”; or it can be of the form: “service installed! You must text “Y” to ***** in the next 12 hours to continue sharing your real-time location with friends.” This fourth message is sent from the server computer randomly within 73 to 96 hours of a completed registration. The user response to this fourth message can be performed by accessing a web page or sending a text message back to the service, as described in relation to the second message response.
After receipt of the response to the fourth message, the application server then sends a fifth message, block 1510. This message again alerts the user that the service is installed and that location display is or may be enabled, and includes text that instructs the user how to disable the feature, such as: “Text “stop” to 43556 [Reply with “stop”] or call 611 to stop location sharing.” The fifth message is sent randomly within 97-120 hours of a completed registration. This fifth message is then followed up by a sixth message, block 1512, that is identical to the second and fourth messages in that it requires user response and validation of the location sharing feature. The sixth message is sent randomly within 121 hours to 144 hours of a completed registration.
A failure by the user to respond to any of the messages that require response within a pre-defined period of time will result in the disablement of location sharing on that account. In one embodiment, a disabled account status can be overcome by responding “Y” or otherwise to the SMS message, or logging into the application. If a “Y” response is received during a specified window of time (e.g., 6 hours), then location display remains active. If a “No” response is received, then the account is suspended/cancelled. If a No response is received to any of the three responses-required SMSs, then the account is suspended/cancelled.
The message scheme and timing illustrated in
In one embodiment, the service can be configured to periodically send validation messages to each user throughout the period of service use, besides just upon initial registration. This serves to continually alert users that location sharing may be enabled on their devices, and for occasional validation that only the authorized user of a device is enabling or disabling this feature.
As shown in
If the location-sharing feature of a device has been disabled, the user must be in possession of the mobile device to re-enable the feature. The user may re-enable by responding “Y” to the SMS or logging into the application itself.
In one embodiment, the SMS message structure and sequence illustrated in
The location-based social network manager of an embodiment includes a mobile communication device comprising a network interface configured to allow the mobile communication device to communicate with one or more other mobile communication devices over a network. The device of an embodiment includes a geographic location circuit coupled to the network interface and configured to determine the location of the device relative to a terrestrial coordinate system. The device of an embodiment includes a graphical user interface including a display area allowing output of information to a user of the device. The device of an embodiment includes a map generation circuit configured to display a map encompassing an area around the location of the device on the graphical user interface. The map generation circuit of an embodiment displays geographic location information on the display area for any of the one or more other mobile communication devices that are within a predefined range of the device and that are in communication with the device over the network. The device of an embodiment includes a filter circuit configured to allow a user of the mobile communication device to limit sharing of geographic location information to certain users of the one or more other mobile communication devices by preventing display of the geographic location information on the displays of the mobile communication devices of users who are not selected as able to share the geographic location information.
The network of an embodiment comprises a cellular telephone network. The device and each of the one or more other mobile communication devices of an embodiment comprises a location aware cellular telephone.
The terrestrial coordinate system of an embodiment comprises a latitude/longitude coordinate system. The geographic location device of an embodiment comprises one of a global positioning system circuit, a WiFi circuit, and a mesh network circuit capable of determining a position of the device to within a predetermined radius of a given latitude/longitude position of the device.
Embodiments of the location-based social network manager process described herein may be applied to various types of computer and mobile device networks utilizing communication over the Internet or similar distributed network protocols.
Aspects of the mobile communication device location display system described herein may be implemented as functionality programmed into any of a variety of circuitry, including programmable logic devices (“PLDs”), such as field programmable gate arrays (“FPGAs”), programmable array logic (“PAL”) devices, electrically programmable logic and memory devices and standard cell-based devices, as well as application specific integrated circuits. Some other possibilities for implementing aspects of the process include: microcontrollers with memory (such as EEPROM), embedded microprocessors, firmware, software, etc. Furthermore, aspects of the described process may be embodied in microprocessors having software-based circuit emulation, discrete logic (sequential and combinatorial), custom devices, fuzzy (neural) logic, quantum devices, and hybrids of any of the above device types. The underlying device technologies may be provided in a variety of component types, e.g., metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (“MOSFET”) technologies like complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (“CMOS”), bipolar technologies like emitter-coupled logic (“ECL”), polymer technologies (e.g., silicon-conjugated polymer and metal-conjugated polymer-metal structures), mixed analog and digital, and so on.
It should also be noted that the various functions disclosed herein may be described using any number of combinations of hardware, firmware, and/or as data and/or instructions embodied in various machine-readable or computer-readable media, in terms of their behavioral, register transfer, logic component, and/or other characteristics. Computer-readable media in which such formatted data and/or instructions may be embodied include, but are not limited to, non-volatile storage media in various forms (e.g., optical, magnetic or semiconductor storage media) and carrier waves that may be used to transfer such formatted data and/or instructions through wireless, optical, or wired signaling media or any combination thereof. Examples of transfers of such formatted data and/or instructions by carrier waves include, but are not limited to, transfers (uploads, downloads, e-mail, etc.) over the Internet and/or other computer networks via one or more data transfer protocols (e.g., HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and so on).
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in a sense of “including, but not limited to.” Words using the singular or plural number also include the plural or singular number respectively. Additionally, the words “herein,” “hereunder,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. When the word “or” is used in reference to a list of two or more items, that word covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list and any combination of the items in the list.
The above description of illustrated embodiments of the location-sharing network manager process is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise form or instructions disclosed. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the process and system are described herein for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the described embodiments, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize.
The elements and acts of the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. These and other changes can be made to the location-based social network manager process in light of the above detailed description.
In general, in any following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the described system to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all operations or processes that operate under the claims. Accordingly, the described system is not limited by the disclosure, but instead the scope of the recited method is to be determined entirely by the claims.
While certain aspects of the location-based social network manager process are presented below in certain claim forms, the inventor contemplates the various aspects of the methodology in any number of claim forms. For example, while only one aspect of the system is recited as embodied in machine-readable medium, other aspects may likewise be embodied in machine-readable medium. Accordingly, the inventor reserves the right to add additional claims after filing the application to pursue such additional claim forms for other aspects of the described systems and methods.
The current application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/445,730, entitled “Displaying the Location of Individuals on an Interactive Map Display on a Mobile Communication Device” and filed on Jun. 1, 2006. The current application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/445,727, entitled “Message Transmission System for Users of Location-Aware Mobile Communication Devices in a Local Area Network,” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/445,729, entitled “Mobile Dating System Incorporating User Location Information,” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/445,751, entitled “Displaying and Tagging Places of Interest on Location-Aware Mobile Communication Devices in a Local Area Network,” each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in it entirety.
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