Patent Application
20230227367
The present invention in general relates to surface protection for equipment and vehicles and in particular, to a composition and process of imparting a durable ceramic coating amenable to self-healing to the surface of the equipment or vehicle.
Exterior paint protection for vehicles has evolved to include undercoats, a pigmented color layer and a transparent topcoat. As a result, a vehicle exterior has a high gloss finish. Yet as the topcoat is degraded through mechanical abrasion and chemical processes, the finish diminishes. In order to restore the finish and provide an additional layer of protection, waxes, have traditionally been used. While waxes provide some protection, that protection is typically short-lived, attracts grime, and requires considerable labor to apply. While reactive siloxane wax sealants have improved upon natural wax based formulations, the durability of such sealants remains less than desirable and streaking therein are difficult to revise.
Still another class of surface protective products are spray on ceramic coatings. These products illustrate hard coatings that are difficult to revise. The ceramic coating adds silica or titanium dioxide for a harder longer-lasting protective coating. The purpose of these combined elements combined in a ceramic spray is to create a ceramic coating that keeps the car clean and shiny for a long time. Revision of ceramic coating defects, such as overspary or orange peel patterns, is possible but under conditions that are onerous for many users. As a result, a user must choose a coating applicable to a wide variety of materials for exterior vehicle surfaces, including painted surfaces and glass.
While there are numerous automotive ceramic coatings currently on the market, there are few which are capable of self-healing. As a result, any chips or scratches in the coating must be repaired, which requires time and money. Furthermore, if any damage cuts completely through the coating, the clear coat of the vehicle is no longer protected by the coating and is exposed to the environment. Again, a manual repair would be required to correct this defect, in addition to any damage that occurs to the clear coat and/or paint in the meantime. Those that have a self-healing attribute only do so under conditions of temperature and/or aggressive solvents that may harm the substrate to be protected.
Thus, there exists a need for a formulation and process of use thereof that overcomes the aforementioned limitations of the prior art in providing a ceramic coating to a vehicle surface to retain attributes of a ceramic coating while being self-healing under less stringent conditions. There further exists a need for the resulting coating.
An exterior body panel is provided that includes a substrate having a shape of the panel. A clear topcoat is present on the panel. A cured composition of polysilazane or polysiloxane with interspersed disulfide moieties derived from disulfide monomers overlies the topcoat.
A ceramic generating composition kit is also provided that includes a first part that includes a polysilazane, and a solvent in which the polysilazane is dissolved. A second part stored separately from the first part includes monomer disulfide. Instructions are provided for the for combining the parts to form a moisture reactive coating composition.
A method for creating a ceramic coating on a topcoat overlying an exterior panel includes combining a first part including a polysilazane or polysiloxane, and a solvent in which said polysilazane or polysiloxane, is dissolved, with a second part stored separately from said first part that includes a monomer disulfide to form a reactive gel. The reactive gel cure is applied to the topcoat in ambient air. After allowing sufficient time, moisture cure of the reactive gel occurs and with evaporation of the solvent, the ceramic coating forms with disulfide bonds therein.
The present invention has utility in forming a protective ceramic overlayer on a polymerized or resinous topcoat. An inventive coating exhibits self-healing properties at reasonable temperatures, while providing a high contact angle with water of greater 90° and high gloss. In the context of a vehicle, the topcoat in turn overlies a pigmented color coat. While the present invention will be further detailed with respect a high gloss vehicle exterior surface, it is appreciated that the present is equally applicable to commercial equipment, furniture, countertops, and kitchen appliances where topcoats also include polyurethane varnishes. Formation of a ceramic is arrested through formation of an intermediate that is subsequently activated to form as silicate thereby affording an opportunity for revision. In addition to saving time and money required for repair or re-application of a damaged ceramic coating, an inventive coating affords a superior duration protection to the underlying surface.
Numerical ranges cited herein are intended to recite not only the end values of such ranges but the individual values encompassed within the range and varying in single units of the last significant figure. By way of example, a range of from 0.1 to 1.0 in arbitrary units according to the present invention also encompasses 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9; each independently as lower and upper bounding values for the range.
Table 1 lists the major components of a polysilizane embodiment of the inventive ceramic coating composition.
A polysilazane is present in some inventive embodiments and is characterized by silicon-nitrogen bonds forming chains, rings, or combinations thereof and characterized by the formula [R1R2Si-NR3]n where R1, R2, and R3 are each independently H, C1-C6 alkyl, C6-C10 aryl, fluorinated C1-C6 alkyl, or fluorinated C6-C10 aryls; and n is an integer value of from 2 to 30. Methylated polysilazanes and polysilazanes having trifluoropropyl constituents have been well studied for the modified hydrophobicity imparted relative to perhydropolysilazane. Rochow, E G., “Polymeric methylsilazanes” Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol. 13, no. 1-2, 1966, pp. 247-262; and Breed. L.W. et al “New Synthetic Methods for Silicon-Nitrogen Polymers, AD0908905, AFML-TR-69-20, Part IV, (November 1972), pages 16-20.
Table 2 lists the major components of a polysiloxane embodiment of the inventive ceramic coating composition.
In still other embodiments, the coating is based on a polysiloxane present as the coating polymer. The polysiloxane being formed by reaction of an ethylenically unsaturated-containing organopolysiloxane, with an organohydrogenpolysiloxane, and a disulfide containing monomer or oligomer. The crosslinking polymer is generally a hydride functional siloxane. Hydride functional siloxanes operative herein illustratively include methylhydrosiloxanedimethylsiloxane copolymer with 15-50 mole % methylhydrosiloxane, SiH terminated polydimethylsiloxanes, and combinations thereof. Catalysts operative herein include Catalysts suitable for promoting the reaction to form the polysiloxane includes, acids, bases or a complex of platinum in alcohol, xylene, divinylsiloxanes or cyclic vinylsiloxanes.
Part A part contains the ethylenically unsaturated-containing silicone and the catalyst and the part B part contains the hydride functional siloxane. It is appreciated that a disulfide containing monomer can be present in either an ethylenically unsaturated-containing silicone of a part A or a part B hydride functional siloxane.
A solvent or system of solvents is selected that is chemically compatible with the polysilazane and in which the polysilazane is soluble or at least suspended. Solvents operative herein illustratively include butyl acetate, xylene, n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate, methylcyclohexane, n-octane and butyl titanate. It is appreciated that the film forming properties of the polysilazane as the solvent evaporates an influence the quality of the polysilazane film with too thin a film being incomplete while too thick a film of polysilazane tends crack and craze upon heating.
A disulfide monomer is present to cross-link with the polysilazane and is believed to the functionality that imparts the self-healing attributes of the present invention. A disulfide operative herein is selected to include at least two moieties reactive under ambient moisture cure conditions separated by a backbone from a sulfur-sulfur bond. Disulfides operative herein illustratively include: allithiamine, cystine, dithionitrobenzoic acid, fursultiamine, glutathione disulfide, homocysteine, hydroxy(C2-C6 alkyl) disulfides, bis[(tri C2-C6alkoxyysilyl) C2-C6alkyl] disulfides, dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfide, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, 2,2′-dithiobis(benzothiazole), thiram, C2-C6 alkyl thiram disulfide, prosultiamine, pyritinol, and combinations thereof.
A coupling agent is present to promote adhesion to the underlying layers of the surface imperfection namely the topcoat alone, or the topcoat and underlying pigmented color coat; as well as enhanced bonding to an overlying ceramic coating. Coupling agents operative herein illustratively include 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl) bis(trimethylsiloxy)methylsilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)methyldiethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl) dimethylethoxysilane, 3-(mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)methyldimethoxysilane, methacryloxymethyltriethoxysilane, methacryloxymethyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloxypropyldimethylethoxysilane, methacryloxypropyldimethylmethoxysilane, ethacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, methoxymethyltrimethylsilane, 3-methoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyldimethylchlorosilane, methacryloxypropylmethyldichlorosilane, methacryloxypropyltrichlorosilane, 3-isocyanatopropyldimethylchlorosilane, 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, and combinations thereof.
A volatile oil is present to provide a solution a curable composition that flows on a surface that upon drying creates a paste that can be buffed to a layer of polysilazane that moisture cures with the disulfide. Volatile oils operative herein include C8-C16 alkanes, such as branched alkanes that illustratively include isododecane, isodecane and isohexadecane; linear or cyclic silicone oils, having 2 to 10 silicon atoms with moieties that are in each occurrence independently H, C1-C10 alkyl or C1-C10 alkoxy. Specific volatile silicone oils operative herein illustratively include octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, heptamethylhexyltrisiloxane, methyloctyltrisiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, decamethyltetrasiloxane, and dodecamethylpentasiloxane; and mixtures of any of the aforementioned.
Several additives are readily included in an inventive formulation that illustratively include light and heat stabilizers to maintain clarity of the cured fill, adhesion promoters, flow control additives, pigments and dyes and combinations thereof. Generally, each of the aforementioned additives is independently present from 0 to 5 total weight percent.
While fillers are typically unnecessary in an inventive repair composition owing to the small dimensions of the microbrasions and surface imperfections being corrected, such fillers are optionally present to afford impart hardness and visual effects. It is appreciated that the inclusion of fillers is particularly advantageous if a ceramic overcoat is not used to protect the UV cured fill. Filler particulates operative in the present invention illustratively include mica flakes, metallized plastic chips, pigments, talc, alumina, silica, titania, microspheroids, and combinations thereof.
An inventive repair composition typically has a fully formulated viscosity in the range of from 100 to 1,000 cps at 20° C. and is flowable prior to cure. It is appreciated that a substrate in need of repair is often mounted vertically or even inverted such as while the repair composition should flow slightly prior to drying to a paste consistency, the composition should also have sufficient viscosity as to not excessively run form a vertical or inverted substrate.
After application, the coating adheres to polar moieties extending from the substrate surface, such as a vehicle topcoat. The polysilazane then cures through a hydrolysis reaction with ambient moisture. Depending on ambient conditions, cure is complete in 8 to 72 hours after initial application, while an initial cure step before polishing requires approximately 3 minutes. Without intending to be bound to a particular theory, it is believed that a polymer network forms that is composed of polysilazane and the organic disulfide to impart the self-healing characteristics to the resultant coating.
The reversible disulfide bonds within the cured polymer network are facile under certain reaction conditions thereby providing the self-healing property to the inventive coating.
Reaction conditions to induce disulfide scission include chemical exposures to reducing agents that include monothiols, such as β-mercaptoethanol (BME), dithiothritol (DTT); basic pH solutions such as NaOH solutions; basic surfactants; UV light exposure; heat; or a combination thereof.
After exposure to air exhausted from a heat gun for from 1 to 10 minutes, the coating is capable of up to 100% self-healing efficiency, which is defined by the following equation:
where SHE is defined as the self-healing efficiency, where 0% represents a completely un-healed scratch and 100% represents a completely healed scratch; w0 is the initial width of a scratched/damaged region, and w is the final width of a scratched/damaged region.
Once a coating is in place and has incurred damage, self-healing in this system occurs through three main steps:
Due to the crosslinking reaction between the polysilazane and the disulfide, the disulfide is packaged as a second part, while the polysilazane is packaged in a first part, the two parts combined immediately before application as gel formation begins thereafter. The remainding components are split between the two parts based only on storage compatibility.
An exemplary method for application includes:
These examples demonstrate the processes to be claimed in this patent filing. It should be remarked that other additions and modifications as known in the art are also to be covered.
An inventive composition is provided based on first part containing: 10 total weight percent butyl acetate, 24.5 total weight percent octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, 24.5 total weight percent decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 0.5 total weight percent diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 0.5 total weight percent of 3-(aminopropyl) triethoxysilane, and 22 total weight percent polysilazane; with a second part containing 7 total weight percent of 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide and a remainder of butyl acetate. Upon combining the two parts, a ceramic gel forms that when applied to a vehicle surface forms a coating intentionally formed to include splattered drips. Three minutes after application, the coating is buffed to provide a ceramic hard coat with a surface contact angle of more than 90°.
The process of Example 1 is repeated with the with 6 total weight percent mica in place of a like amount of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane. A similar cure profile results.
The coating of claim 1 is exposed to the output of a heat gun until the coating soften and flows to self-heal the drips.
An inventive composition is provided based on first part containing: 29.3 total weight diethoxydimethoxysilane, 11.7 total weight percent tetraethyl orthosilane, 1.7 total weight percent silicon tetrachloride, 0.9 total weight percent tetrabutyl orthotitanate, 2.5 total weight percent of bis[(triethoxysilyl)propyl] disulfide are combined with 50 total weight percent butyl acetate, and a remainder of polyether siloxane copolymer (approximately 4 total weight percent). Upon acid cure, a ceramic gel forms that when applied to a vehicle surface forms a coating intentionally formed to include splattered drips. Three minutes after application, the coating is buffed to provide a ceramic hard coat with a surface contact angle of more than 90°.
The process of Example 4 is repeated with the exclusion of silicon tetrachloride and a base catalyst with a molar equivalent increase in the amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate. The resulting coating has like properties.
The process of Example 5 is repeated with a platinum catalyst in place of the base. The resulting coating has like properties.
Patent documents and publications mentioned in the specification are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. These documents and publications are incorporated herein by reference to the same extent as if each individual document or publication was specifically and individually incorporated herein by reference.
The foregoing description is illustrative of particular embodiments of the invention, but is not meant to be a limitation upon the practice thereof. The following claims, including all equivalents thereof, are intended to define the scope of the invention.
This application is a non-provisional application that claims priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63/300,223 filed Jan. 17, 2022; the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63300223 | Jan 2022 | US |
