Patent Grant
10396552
The present invention relates generally to a system including interconnected modules, and, more particularly, to a system wherein a signal, such as a payload control or activation signal, is propagated sequentially from a module to another module connected thereto for controlling a payload or payloads.
Examples of a distributed control system having modules connected for distributed control of payloads are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,841,360 to Binder entitled: “Distributed Serial Control System”, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,480,510 to the same inventor entitled: “Local area network of serial intelligent cells”, and in U.S. Pat. No. 6,956,826 to the same inventor entitled: “Local area network for distributing data communication, sensing and control signals”, which are all incorporated in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
Toys are known in the art for providing amusement, education and entertainment particularly for children. Toy building sets and building blocks known as LEGO® bricks are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,034,254 to Christiansen entitled: “Toy Building Sets and Building Blocks”. Examples of electrically conductive toys such as conductive LEGO® bricks are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,805,605 to Reining et al. entitled: “Electrically Conductive Block Toy”, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,883,440 to Bolli entitled: “Electrified Toy Building Block with Zig-Zag Current Carrying Structure”, and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,848,503 to Toft et al. entitled: “Constructional Building Set Having an Electric Conductor”, which are all incorporated in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. Three-dimensional conductive building block toys are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication Number 2007/0184722 to Doherty entitled: “Powered Modular Building Block Toy”, which is incorporated in its entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
In consideration of the foregoing, it would be an advancement in the art to provide a method and system that is simple, cost-effective, faithful, reliable, has a minimum part count, minimum hardware, and/or uses existing and available components for providing additional functionalities, amusement, education, entertainment and a better user experience relating to control of one or more payloads.
In one aspect of the present invention, a module or modules each having payload (or payloads) and related methods are described, and a system formed by plurality of connected modules. The payload (or payloads) in the system are activated or controlled based on a logic embedded in the modules or the system. The payloads may be activated or controlled sequentially, wherein a payload in a module is activated based on an activation signal propagated in the system according to the modules connection scheme.
A module may include a payload functionality, which includes receiving an activation signal, waiting for a pre-set time period and then activating (or controlling) a payload associated with the module. Further, the module may transmit the activation signal to another connected module concurrently with the payload activation (or control), or after a pre-set time period (independent from the former time period). A payload functionality may include two timers, one used for the initial delay from receiving the activation signal until generating an activation of the payload via an activation or control port, and another timer triggered at the end of the initial delay and active until transmitting the activation signal to a connected module. Each of the timers may be delay-line or monostable based. The payload may be part of the payload functionality and may be integrated within the module housing, or can be external to the module and activated or controlled via a corresponding connector. Further, payload activation may use either level activation (‘active low’ or ‘active high’) or edge triggering (riding or trailing edge).
In one aspect, a timer (or both timers) introduces a random time delay selected within a specified range. The delay can be randomly selected upon power up and retained throughout the operation until de-energized, or can be selected each time the activation signal is propagated through the module. The random delay scheme includes a random signal generator coupled to the timer to control its delay. The random signal generator may be based on a digital random signal generator having a digital output. Alternatively, the random signal generator may be based on analog random signal generator having an analog output. Analog random signal generator may use a digital random signal generator which output is converted to analog using analog to digital converter, or can use a repetitive analog signal generator (substantially not synchronized to any other timing in the system) which output is randomly time sampled by a sample and hold. A random signal generator (having either analog or digital output) can be hardware based, using a physical process such as thermal noise, shot noise, nuclear decaying radiation, photoelectric effect or other quantum phenomena, or can be software based, using a processor executing an algorithm for generating pseudo-random numbers which approximates the properties of random numbers.
A module includes one or more connectors for connecting to other modules for forming a system. In one aspect, each connector is used for connecting to a single other module using a point-to-point connection scheme. A connection may be input only, being operative only to receive an activation signal from the connected module, and thus including a line receiver connected to the connector for receiving the activation signal. A connection may be output only, being operative only to transmit an activation signal to the connected module, and thus including a line driver connected to the connector for receiving the activation signal. A connection may double as both input and output functions, being operative both to transmit an activation signal to the connected module by a line driver and to receive an activation signal from the connected module by a line receiver. The connection may use balanced (e.g. RS-422 or RS-485) or single-ended communication (e.g. RS-232 or RS-423), using corresponding line driver and/or line receiver, and may use either level activation (‘active low’ or ‘active high’) or edge triggering (riding or trailing edge).
A module may include the payload functionality connected to an input (or input/output connection), wherein the activation signal received from the line receiver initiates the payload functionality. Further, a module may include the payload functionality connected to an output (or input/output connection), wherein the activation signal output from the payload functionality is fed to the line driver and transmitted to the connected module. Furthermore, a module that includes two or more connections may include multiple payload functionalities, each connected between an input connection and an output connection of the module.
Modules may have different activation signal routing schemes. A basic slave module includes two connections (with payload functionality connected therebetween), and is operative to propagate an activation signal between these connections. A splitter functionality, included for example in a basic splitter module, involves receiving an activation signal in a single connection and transmitting it (e.g., after a delay and/or payload functionality operation) to two or more connections. A loopback functionality, included for example in a basic loopback module, involves transmitting of an activation signal to the connection it was received from (e.g., after a delay and/or payload functionality operation). A master module include means, such as a manually operated switch, to produce an activation signal without receiving any such activation signal from a connected module, and thus initiates the propagation of the activation signal in a system. A module may double to include various functionalities, such as a slave/splitter module including both slave and splitter functionalities, a master/loopback module including both master and loopback functionalities, and a master/splitter module including both master and splitter functionalities. The signal propagation within a module may use either level activation (‘active low’ or ‘active high’) or edge triggering (riding or trailing edge), or any combination thereof.
The propagation of the activation signal in the system may be unidirectional (e.g., simplex) using 1-way modules, operative to pass the activation signal only in one direction (from an upstream connection to one or few downstream connections). In such system, the activation signal is initiated in a master module, and then it propagates through the connected modules downstream (away from the master module) until reaching the module (or the modules) connected only upstream, rendering the system idle afterwards. The system remains idle until the sequence is re-initiated by the master module, since each such initiation produces a single propagation from the master module downstream.
The activation signal can be initiated by a switch, such as a human operated mechanical switch, which is housed in the master module or connected thereto via a connector. Alternatively or additionally, the master module may repetitively generate activation signal upon powering up or controlled by the user (e.g. via a switch). Further, the activation signal may be triggered by a physical phenomenon using an appropriate sensor, such as a sensor responsive to temperature, humidity, pressure, audio, vibration, light, motion, sound, proximity, flow rate, electrical voltage, and electrical current. The activation signal may be generated in response to comparing the sensor output (after conditioning) with a set value. The sensor and its related circuits (e.g. amplifier, comparator and reference generator) may be partly or fully housed within the master module enclosure, or external to it.
The propagation of the activation signal in the system may be bidirectional using 2-way modules, operative to pass the activation signal in both directions (from an upstream connection to one or few downstream connections and from a downstream connection to one or few upstream connections). The activation signal passing between two modules may be half-duplex or full duplex. Full duplex transmission may use a dedicated wire pair for each direction, totaling four conductors. Alternatively, a hybrid circuitry may be used providing two-way communication over two conductors. In a 2-way system, the activation signal is initiated in a master module, and then it propagates through the connected modules downstream (away from the master module) until reaching the module (or the modules) having a loopback functionality. The loopback function reverts the propagation direction from downstream to upstream towards the master module. Upon reaching the master module the system remains idle until the sequence is re-initiated by the master module, since each such initiation produces a single propagation cycle from the master module downstream followed by a single upstream sequence ending in the master module. In the case wherein the master module further includes a loopback functionality, the activation signal will be reverted downstream again, causing infinite system cycling downstream and upstream.
A payload may be controlled by a control signal, which may be the activation signal or depend on the activation signal, such that the payload is activated when the control signal is active. Alternatively, the module may be latched and stays activated upon triggered by a control signal. Further, a payload may be toggle controlled, wherein the control signal shifts the payload from a state to another state (or between two states such as ‘on’ and ‘off’) each time the control signal is active.
A module may be individually powered from a power source. The power source may be integrated into the module enclosure, and can be a battery, either primary or rechargeable type, which may reside in a battery compartment. Alternatively, the power source may reside external to the module enclosure, such as powering from AC power outlet via common AC/DC adapter containing a step-down transformer and an AC to DC converter (rectifier). A DC/DC converter may be used in order to adapt the power voltage from a source into one or more voltages used by the various module electrical circuits.
Alternatively, a remote powering scheme may be used, wherein a single connection to a power source may be used to power few or all of the modules in the system. A module is powered from the power carrying wires, and may supply the power to other modules connected to it. The power may be carried (either as AC or as DC power) to the modules in the system over wires connecting the modules. Dedicated power conductors may be used, being separated from the wires used for propagating the activation signal. The same connector may be used to connect to both the power and the activation signals wires. Similarly, the same wire pair (or wire pairs) carrying the activation signal (or other data) may be concurrently used to carry the power signal (either as AC or as DC power). The activation signal and the power signal are concurrently carried over the same wires either using multiplexing such as frequency division multiplexing (FDM) wherein filters are used to separate and/or combine the signals, or by using split-tap transformer or by using phantom channel for carrying the power. In the case of remote powering, a powering functionality (either as a dedicated powering module or integrated with another module functionality) is used in order to connect to be fed from the power source, and to the system module (or modules) in order to feed the power signal over the power wires, without interfering with the activation signal propagation.
A payload associated with a module may be either housed within the module enclosure, or be external to the module and connected to it via a connector. Further, a payload may be powered from the same power source as the one powering the associated module, or may be powered from a dedicated or separated power source. Payload activation may include its powering by a switch connected between a power source and the payload, where the switch is activated based on the activation signal.
In one aspect of the invention, the payload control involves randomness. For example, a signal representing a value within a specified range is connected to the payload for controlling it. The value can be randomly selected upon power up and retained throughout the operation until the module is de-energized, or can be selected each time the activation signal is propagated through the module and is operative to activate the payload. The randomness is based on a random signal generator, which may be based on a digital random signal generator having a digital output or an analog output. Analog random signal generator may use a digital random signal generator which output is converted to analog using analog to digital converter, or can use a repetitive analog signal generator (substantially not synchronized to any other timing in the system) which output is randomly time sampled by a sample and hold. A random signal generator (having either analog or digital output) can be hardware based using a physical process, or can be software based, using an processor executing an algorithm for generating pseudo-random numbers which approximates the properties of random numbers.
The payload may be randomly inhibited from being activated (e.g. even in the case of activation signal received in a module). The activation of the payload may dependent upon a random signal generator (analog or digital), which output is compared (using analog or digital comparator) with a specified value (analog or digital reference). The specified value, and the probability of the random signal to generate a signal above or below this value, determines the probability of activating the payload. Further, multiple payload can be used, wherein a single (or few) payloads are selected to be activated based on a random process.
A module may activate or control a single payload or plurality of payloads. The plurality of payloads can be all activated together in response to an activation signal, or alternatively may use different delays associated with each payload, generated by a distinct related timer. Alternatively, one payload may be activated (or controlled) each time an activation signal is received. The activated payload may be selected sequentially or randomly. Further, a different payload may be selected based on the direction of the activation signal propagation in the system.
Few or all the modules in a system can share the control of a single or a plurality of payloads. The wires used to activate or control the shared payload (or payloads) are connected in parallel (or serially) to all modules involved in the payloads control. The payloads control wires can be routed along the system by dedicated connectors used to connect each pair of modules connected for passing the activation signal therebetween. Further, the same connectors used for connecting the modules for passing the activation signal (or the power signal, in the case of remote powering) may be used to connect the payload control/activation wires, as part of the system wiring infrastructure.
The payload may be controlled by an analog signal port, such as analog voltage, current or resistance. The analog signal port may be connected via the system wiring or externally to two or more modules, or to all modules in the system, thus sharing the analog control capability. Upon activation of a module, an analog signal is connected to the analog control port for controlling the payload.
In one aspect of the invention a device for passing a signal from a first device to a second device identical to the first device and for using the signal to control a payload is described, the device comprising a first connector for connecting to the first device, a first line receiver coupled to the first connector for receiving a first signal from the first device, a first timer coupled to the line receiver for producing a second signal that is delayed by a first time period from the first signal, a second connector, capable of mating with the first connector, configured to be connectable to the second device, a first line driver coupled between the first timer and the second connector and operative to transmit the second signal to a line receiver of the same type as the first line receiver in the second device, a control circuit coupled to the first line receiver for generating a control signal is response to the first signal, the control circuit having a control port couplable to control the payload by the control signal, and a single enclosure housing the first and second connectors, the first line receiver, the first line driver, the first timer and the control port. The first line receiver may be operative to receive the first signal in an unbalanced signal form (such as substantially according to RS-232 or RS-423 standards), and the first line driver may be operative to transmit the second signal in an unbalanced signal form (such as substantially according to RS-232 or RS-423 standards). Alternatively or additionally, the first line receiver may be operative to receive the first signal in a balanced signal form (such as substantially according to RS-422 or RS-485 standards), and the first line driver may be operative to transmit the second signal in a balanced signal form (such as substantially according to RS-422 or RS-485 standards). The device may further include a firmware and a processor for executing instruction embedded in the firmware, and the processor may be coupled to control the control port.
The control circuit may comprise a second timer for producing a control signal that is constituted by the first signal delayed by a second time period, and each of the first and second timers may be an RC based monostable circuit or a delay line. Further, each of the first and second time periods may be set by a user.
The device may be used in combination with the payload, and the payload may be housed within the single enclosure and connected to the control port to be controlled by the control signal. The control port may be a connector that is connectable to control the payload.
In one aspect, the device may further comprise a third connector capable of mating with the first connector for connecting to a third device identical to the second device, and a second line driver coupled between the first timer and the third connector, the device may further be operative to transmit the second signal to a line receiver of the same type as the first line receiver in the third device. The device may further comprise in its single enclosure a second timer coupled between the first line receiver and the second line driver for producing a third signal that is delayed by a second time period from the first signal, and the second line driver may be connected for transmitting the third signal to the third device.
The device may further be operative for two way operation, and further may comprise a second line receiver coupled to the second connector for receiving a third signal from the second device, and a second line driver coupled to the first connector and to the second line receiver for transmitting the third signal to the first device. Further, the device may comprise a second timer coupled between the second line receiver and the second line driver for producing a fourth signal that is delayed by a second time period from the first signal, and further the second line driver may be connected for transmitting the third signal to the first device. The control circuit may be coupled to the second line receiver and the control signal may be generated in response to the third signal. The second signal may be carried over a first wire pair and the third signal may be carried over a second wire pair distinct from the first wire pair, or alternatively the second and third signals may be carried over the same single wire pair. In the latter case, the device may comprise a three-port circuit (which may be based on a hybrid circuit) coupled between the first line driver, the second line receiver and the second connector, and the three-port circuit may be operative to substantially pass only the second signal between the first line driver and the second connector and to substantially pass only the third signal between the second connector and the second line receiver.
The device may comprise a power source (which may be housed in the device single enclosure) for powering the first line receiver, the first line driver, and the first timer. The power source may be a primary type battery or a rechargeable type battery, and the battery may be housed in a battery compartment. Further, the battery may feed a DC/DC converter coupled to it. Alternatively or in addition, the device may be powered from an external power source such as domestic AC power outlet, and may further comprise a power connector for connecting to the power source and for powering the first line receiver, the first line driver, and the first timer from the power source. The device may further comprise an AC/DC adapter powered from the AC power outlet, and the AC/DC adapter may comprise a step-down transformer and an AC/DC converter for DC powering the device. Further, a payload (which may be in the single enclosure) may be coupled to the power connector for being powered from the external power source.
Alternatively or in addition, the device may be adapted for remote powering from the first device, wherein the first line receiver, the first line driver, and the first timer are coupled to be powered by a power signal from the first connector. The second connector may be also coupled to the power signal for supplying power to the second device. The power signal may be a DC power signal, and the device further may comprise a DC/DC converter powered by the DC power signal from the first connector. The device may further comprise a power supply powered from the power signal, for powering the first line receiver, the first line driver, and the first timer. The first signal may be carried over a first wire pair and the power signal may be carried over a second wire pair distinct from the first wire pair, or alternatively the first signal and the power signal may be carried concurrently over the same wires. In the latter case, the device may further comprise a power/data splitter/combiner coupled between the first line receiver, the first connector and the power supply, the power/data splitter/combiner being operative to substantially pass only the first signal between the first line receiver and the first connector and to substantially pass only the power signal between the first connector and the power supply.
The power signal and the first signal are carried together over the same wires using Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), where the power signal is carried at a single frequency and the first signal is carried in a frequency band distinct from the single frequency. The power/data splitter/combiner may comprise a first filter operative to substantially pass only the single frequency and a second filter operative to substantially pass only the frequency band. Alternatively or in addition, the power/data splitter/combiner may comprise a center tap transformer and a capacitor connected between the transformer windings. In one aspect, the power signal and the first signal may be carried using a phantom channel, where the power signal is carried over the phantom channel formed by two center-tap transformers in the power/data splitter/combiner.
In one aspect of the invention, the device comprises a power source (which may be in the device single enclosure) for powering the first line receiver, the first line driver, and the first timer. The device may further comprise, or can be used with, a payload. The payload may be in the device single enclosure and may be powered from the power source. Alternatively or in addition, the device may comprise a payload connector connectable to the payload and being coupled to the power source for powering the payload from the power source. The device may further comprise electrically activated switch (connected to be activated by the control port) that is connected between the payload and the power source, for powering the payload upon activation of the electrically activated switch by the control port.
The device may further comprise a random signal generator connected for controlling a parameter in the device allowing for device random operation. The random signal generator may be based entirely on hardware and may be based on a physical process such as a thermal noise, a shot noise, decaying nuclear radiation, a photoelectric effect and a quantum phenomenon. Alternatively or in addition, the random signal generator may include software (such as an algorithm for generating pseudo-random numbers) and a processor executing the software, and may be coupled to the first timer for controlling the delay introduced by it. Further, the random signal generator may be coupled for controlling or activating the payload. The random signal generator may be activated only at power up of the device for generating a single output value, or activated upon receiving the first signal from the first line receiver. The random signal generator output may be used to activate a switch in the device. The device may further comprise a reference signal source (having analog or digital output) and a comparator (analog or digital) connected to provide a digital logic signal based on comparing the random signal generator output and the reference signal source output. The random signal generator may provide an analog or digital output, the reference signal source may provide an analog or digital signal output, and the comparator may be an analog or digital comparator. The device may be used to control multiple payloads and may comprise a plurality of reference signal sources and a plurality of comparators, wherein the comparators are connected to provide digital logic signals based on comparing the random signal generator output and the reference signal source outputs, and the digital logic signals may be coupled to control or activate a respective one of the multiple payloads.
In one aspect of the invention, a device for randomly delaying an activation signal to a payload is described. The device may comprise a first connector for connecting to a wiring, a line receiver coupled to the first connector for receiving an activation signal from the wiring, a first timer coupled to the line receiver for producing a delayed activation signal that is delayed by a first time period from the activation signal, a control port couplable to activate the payload by coupling the delayed activation signal to the payload, a random signal generator operative to output a random signal and being coupled to control the delay produced by the first timer, and a single enclosure housing the first connector, the line receiver, the first timer, the random signal generator and the control port. The random signal generator may be based entirely on hardware and may be based on a physical process such as a thermal noise, a shot noise, decaying nuclear radiation, a photoelectric effect and a quantum phenomenon. Alternatively or in addition, the random signal generator may include software (such as an algorithm for generating pseudo-random numbers) and a processor executing the software, and may be coupled to the first timer for controlling the delay introduced by it.
In one aspect of the invention, a device for randomly activating a payload is described. The device may comprise a first connector for connecting to a wiring, a line receiver coupled to the first connector for receiving an activation signal from the wiring, at least one payload, a control port couplable to activate the payload by coupling a control signal to it, a first timer coupled between the line receiver and the control port for producing a control signal in response to the activation signal being delayed by a controlled first time period, a random signal generator operative to output a random signal, the random signal generator being coupled to control the delay of the first timer, a reference signal source for producing a reference signal, a comparator coupled to provide a digital logic signal based on comparing the random signal with the reference signal, the digital logic signal being coupled to the control port, and a single enclosure housing the first connector, the line receiver, the first timer, the reference signal source, the comparator the control port and the random signal generator, wherein the control port is operative to activate the payload in response to the delayed activation signal received by the line receiver and the digital logic signal. The random signal generator may be based entirely on hardware and may be based on a physical process such as a thermal noise, a shot noise, decaying nuclear radiation, a photoelectric effect and a quantum phenomenon. Alternatively or in addition, the random signal generator may include software (such as an algorithm for generating pseudo-random numbers) and a processor executing the software, and may be coupled to the first timer for controlling the delay introduced by it. The random signal generator may provide an analog output or a digital number output, the reference signal source may provide analog signal output or a digital number output, and the comparator may be a digital or analog comparator. The device may be couplable to control multiple payloads, and further comprise a plurality of reference signal sources and plurality of comparators, the comparators are connected to provide digital logic signals based on comparing the random signal generator output and the reference signal source outputs, and the digital logic signals are couplable to control or activate a respective one of the multiple payloads.
In one aspect according to the invention, a set of at least three modules or devices connectable to form a system for sequentially activating payloads is described. The set may comprise first, second and third modules or devices (which may be identical to one another), each module being associated with a respective payload, and being housed in a respective single enclosure, each module may comprise a first type connector and a second type connector, all of the first type connectors being identical to one another, all of the second type connectors being identical to one another, and each of the first type connectors being configured to mate with any one of the second type connectors, and each of the modules further comprises a control port for controlling an associated payload, wherein the second connector of the first module is connectable to the first connector of the second module and the second connector of the second module is connectable to the first connector of the third module to form a system, and further wherein each module in the system may be operative to receive a first signal at the first type connector, to control the associated payload based on the first signal, to produce a second signal that is a time delayed version (which may be randomly selected within a specified range) of the first signal, and to transmit the second signal to the second type connector. The first and second modules may be mechanically attachable to each other and the third and second modules may be mechanically attachable to each other (such as only by the connectors). Each of the payloads is housed within the single enclosure of the associated module, or alternatively the payloads may be external to the single enclosure of each associated module, where each module comprises a third connector for connecting to the associated payload. Each module may comprise, in its single enclosure, a power source for powering the module, such as a primary type battery or a rechargeable type battery. A payload (which may be housed in the module single enclosure) may be powered from the power source.
The system may be formed when the second connector of the first module is connected to the first connector of the second module and the second connector of the second module is connected to the first connector of the third module. The first signals and the second signals may be carried between the modules in the system as balanced or unbalanced signals. The system may support two-way operation where each module may be further operative to receive a third signal at the second connector, to control the associated payload based on the third signal, to produce a fourth signal that is a time delayed version of the third signal, and to transmit the fourth signal to the first connector. The communication between two connected modules may be carried out using four conductors, including two conductors for each direction of communication, or may use only two conductors (e.g., using hybrid circuit). The system may be powered from a single external power source such as domestic AC power, and each module may further comprise in its respective single enclosure a payload that is powered from the external power source. Further, the modules may be connected to supply power from one module to another module connected to the one module.
In one aspect of the invention, the device may comprise or used with a payload (which may be in the device enclosure). The payload may be an annunciator for issuing an announcement using visual signaling. Such visual signaling device may be a smoke generator or a visible light emitter such as a semiconductor device, an incandescent lamp, or a fluorescent lamp. The visible light emitter may be adapted for a steady illumination and for blinking, and may be mounted for illuminating a theme or shape of the device a part of or all of an image, or be associated with a theme or shape of the device. Alternatively or in addition, the payload may an annunciator for issuing an announcement an audible signaling using an audible signaling device such as an electromechanical or a piezoelectric sound generator (e.g. a buzzer, a chime, or a ringer). Alternatively or in addition, the audible signaling device may comprise a loudspeaker and a digital/analog converter coupled to the loudspeaker, and may be operative to generate a single tone or multiple tones (or musical tunes). Further, the sound emitted from the audible signaling device may be associated with the device theme or shape, or may emit sound which is a characteristic sound a household appliance, a vehicle, an emergency vehicle, an animal or a musical instrument. Furthermore, the sound emitted from the audible signaling device may be a song, a melody, or a human voice talking, such as a syllable, a word, a phrase, a sentence, a short story, or a long story, based on speech synthesis or pre-recorded sound.
The payload may comprise a visual signaling device which may contain a visible light emitter based on a semiconductor device (e.g. LED—Light Emitting Diode), an incandescent lamp or a fluorescent lamp. The illumination may be blinking or steady, and can further be used to illuminate part of the module or the system or both. The visible light emitter positioning, appearance, type, color or steadiness may be associated with the module or system theme or shape.
The payload may comprise an audible signaling device which may be based on electromechanical or piezoelectric means capable of generating single or multiple tones, and can be a buzzer, a chime or a ringer. In one aspect of the invention, the audible signaling device comprising a loudspeaker and a digital to analog converter coupled to the loudspeaker. The volume, type, steadiness, pitch, rhythm, dynamics, timbre or texture of the sound emitted from the audible signaling device may be associated with the module or system theme or shape. Alternatively, the sound emitted from the audible signaling device is a song or a melody, wherein the song or melody name or content relates to the module or system theme or shape. In one aspect, the sound emitted from the audible signaling device is a human voice talking sounding of a syllable, a word, a phrase, a sentence, a short story or a long story, using speech synthesis or being pre-recorded.
The above summary is not an exhaustive list of all aspects of the present invention. Indeed, the inventor contemplates that his invention includes all systems and methods that can be practiced from all suitable combinations and derivatives of the various aspects summarized above, as well as those disclosed in the detailed description below and particularly pointed out in the claims filed with the application. Such combinations have particular advantages not specifically recited in the above summary.
It is understood that other embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, wherein are shown and described only embodiments of the invention by way of illustration. As will be realized, the invention is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modification in various other respects, all without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.
The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description, drawings and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter. It is intended that all such additional apparatus and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the present invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims.
The preferred embodiments of the invention presented here are described below in the drawings and detailed specification. Unless specifically noted, it is intended that the words and phrases in the specification and the claims be given the plain, ordinary and accustomed meaning to those of ordinary skill in the applicable arts. If any other special meaning is intended for any word or phrase, the specification will clearly state and define the special meaning.
Likewise, the use of the words “function” or “means” in the Specification or Description of the Drawings is not intended to indicate a desire to invoke the special provisions of 35 U.S.C. 112, Paragraph 6, to define the invention. To the contrary, if the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 112, Paragraph 6 are sought to be invoked to define the inventions, the claims will specifically state the phrases “means for” or “step for,” and will clearly recite a function, without also reciting in such phrases any structure, material or act in support of the function. Even when the claims recite a “means for” or “step for” performing a defined function, if the claims also recite any structure, material or acts in support of that means or step, or that perform the function, then the intention is not to invoke the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 112, Paragraph 6. Moreover, even if the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 112, Paragraph 6 are invoked to define the claimed inventions, it is intended that the inventions not be limited only to the specific structure, material or acts that are described in the preferred embodiments, but in addition, include any and all structures, materials or acts that perform the claimed function, along with any and all known or later-developed equivalent structures, material or acts for performing the claimed function.
The invention is herein described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying figures and drawings, wherein like designations denote like elements. Understanding that these drawings only provide information concerning typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered limiting in scope:
a and 19b illustrate a schematic electrical diagram of part of a master module according to an aspect of the invention;
a, 20b and 20c illustrate a schematic electrical diagram of part of a 2-way slave module according to an aspect of the invention;
a and 21b illustrate a schematic electrical diagram of part of a 2-way slave module having a single payload according to an aspect of the invention;
a illustrate a schematic electrical diagram of part of a slave module using random delay according to an aspect of the invention;
a illustrate a schematic electrical diagram of part of a slave module using random payload control according to an aspect of the invention;
a depict a perspective pictorial top view of two splitter modules according to an aspect of the invention;
a depict a perspective pictorial top view of a system including a master module and three slave modules according to an aspect of the invention;
a depict a perspective pictorial top view of a system including a master module and a splitter module according to an aspect of the invention;
a depict a perspective pictorial top view of a system including a master module, two splitter modules and slave modules according to an aspect of the invention;
a depict a perspective pictorial top view an AC-powered master/splitter module according to an aspect of the invention;
a depict a perspective pictorial view of a duck shaped modules according to an aspect of the invention;
a depict perspective pictorial views of a locomotive and train-car shaped modules according to an aspect of the invention;
a depict perspective pictorial views of a train shaped system according to an aspect of the invention;
a and 80b depict pictorial views of connected slave module using LEGO® strips according to an aspect of the invention;
a depict a perspective pictorial view of music slave modules according to an aspect of the invention;
The principles and operation of a system according to the present invention may be understood with reference to the figures and the accompanying description wherein similar components appearing in different figures are denoted by identical reference numerals. The drawings and descriptions are conceptual only. In actual practice, a single component can implement one or more functions; alternatively, each function can be implemented by a plurality of components and circuits. In the figures and descriptions, identical reference numerals indicate those components that are common to different embodiments or configurations. Identical numerical references (even in the case of using different suffix, such as 5, 5a, 5b and 5c) refer to functions or actual devices that are either identical, substantially similar or having similar functionality. It will be readily understood that the components of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following more detailed description of the embodiments of the apparatus, system, and method of the present invention, as represented in the figures herein, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of embodiments of the invention.
All directional references used herein (e.g., upper, lower, upwards, downwards, left, right, leftward, rightward, top, bottom, above, below, vertical, horizontal, clockwise, and counterclockwise, etc.) are only used for identification purposes to aid the reader's understanding of the present invention, and do not create limitations, particularly as to the position, orientation, or use of the invention. The terms ‘left’, ‘former’, ‘upwards’ and ‘upstream’ herein refer to a direction (such as a signal flow or signal direction) towards a master module. Similarly, the terms ‘right’, ‘downwards’, ‘downstream’ and ‘next’ refer to a direction or flow (such as signal flow or signal direction) away from the master module.
While the modules herein are described as connected using wires or conductors, any type of conductive transmission line can be equally used. The terms ‘wire’, ‘conductor’, ‘line’, ‘transmission line’, ‘cable’, ‘wiring’, ‘wire pair’ as used herein should be interpreted to include any type of conductive transmission-line, and specifically a metallic transmission line comprising two or more conductors used to carry electrical signals. Non-limiting examples are coaxial cable, PCB (Printed Circuit Board) connections and twisted pair, the latter including both UTP (Unshielded Twisted-Pair) and STP (shielded twisted-pair), as well as connections within Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). Similarly, any PAN (Personal Area Network), LAN (Local Area Network), MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) or WAN (Wide Area Network) wiring may be used as the wired medium. Further, the modules may be connected directly by plugging mating connectors, with any cable or wiring connected between the connectors.
American national standard ANSI/TIA/EIA-422-B (formerly RS-422) and its international equivalent ITU-T Recommendation V.11 (also known as X.27), are technical standards that specify the “electrical characteristics of the balanced voltage digital interface circuit”. These technical standards provide for data transmission, using balanced or differential signaling, with unidirectional/non-reversible, terminated or non-terminated transmission lines, point to point. Overview of the RS-422 standard can be found in National Semiconductor Application Note 1031 publication AN012598 dated January 2000 and titled:“TIA/EIA-422-B Overview” and in B&B Electronics publication “RS-422 and RS-485 Application Note” dated June 2006, which are incorporated in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. While shown in
Alternatively, in order to improve the common-mode noise rejection capability and to allow higher data rates, a balanced and differential interface is preferably used, as described above regarding using RS-422 in module 10 shown in
The line receiver 12 outputs a digital signal ‘IN’ to TIMER114 over connection 13. TIMER114 delays the incoming signal ‘IN’ for a pre-determined period ‘t1’, and produces a delayed signal ‘TRIG’ over connection 15. This delay allows for internal activities within the slave module 10 and the activation of payload 25 to start only after a pre-determined interval of time ‘t1’ has lapsed from the activity related to the former module. In an embodiment where such delay may not be required, the TIMER114 may be omitted and the line receiver 12 may be connected directly to TIMER216, or alternately the TIMER1 is set to minimum or zero time delay (t1=0). The signal ‘TRIG’ is received by TIMER216, which in turn produces a signal ‘GATE’ over connection 22 for a pre-determined period ‘t2’. The signal ‘GATE’ is connected as a control to activate payload 25. The signal ‘GATE’ is also connected to a line driver 18, which is preferably a mating driver to the line receiver 12. For example, the balanced interface line driver 18 may be an RS-422 driver such as RS-422 transmitter MAX3030E, available from Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. of Sunnyvale, Calif., U.S.A., described in the data sheet “±15 kV ESD-Protected, 3.3V Quad RS-422 Transmitters” publication number 19-2671 Rev. 0 October 2002, which is incorporated in its entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. The line driver 18 is feeding conductors 11c and 11d via connector 21, connecting the slave module 10 to the next module. The line driver 18 typically converts the logic levels used by the module internal digital logic circuits (e.g., CMOS, TTL, LSTTL and HCMOS) to a signal to be transmitted. The next module can start its operation upon activation of the ‘GATE’ signal (hence immediately after the delay period of ‘t1’), or alternately after the ‘GATE’ signal is de-activated (hence after a period of t1+t2).
The slave module 10 operation thus involves activating the payload 25 (via signal ‘GATE’) for a period of t2, after a delay of a period of t1 starting at reception of a signal from the former module, and signaling the next module concurrently with or after the end of the activation of the payload 25.
The transfer of information such as the activation signal between two modules commonly makes use of a line driver for transmitting the signal to the conductors serving as the transmission medium connecting the two modules, and a line receiver for receiving the transmitted signal from the transmission medium. The communication may use a proprietary interface or preferably an industry standard, which typically defines the electrical signal characteristics such as voltage level, signaling rate, timing and slew rate of signals, voltage withstanding levels, short-circuit behavior, and maximum load capacitance. Further, the industry standard may define the interface mechanical characteristics such as the pluggable connectors and pin identification and pin-out. In one example, the module circuit can use an industry or other standard used for interfacing serial binary data signals. Preferably the line drivers and line receivers and their associated circuitry will be protected against electrostatic discharge (ESD), electromagnetic interference (EMI/EMC) and against faults (fault-protected), and employs proper termination, failsafe scheme and supports live insertion. Preferably, a point-to-point connection scheme is used, wherein a single line driver is communicating with a single line receiver. However, multi-drop or multi-point configurations may as well be used. Further, the line driver and the line receiver may be integrated into a single IC (Integrated Circuit), commonly known as transceiver IC.
In one example, the transmission is unbalanced (single-sided), as shown for slave module 40 shown in
Each of the timers may be implemented as a monostable circuit, producing a pulse of set length when triggered. In one example, the timers are based on RC based popular timers such as 555 and 556, such as ICM7555 available from Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. of Sunnyvale, Calif., U.S.A., described in the data sheet “General Purpose Timers” publication number 19-0481 Rev. 2 November 1992, which is incorporated in its entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. Examples of general timing diagrams as well as monostable circuits are described in Application Note AN170 “NE555 and NE556 Applications” from Philips semiconductors dated December 1988. Alternatively, a passive or active delay line may be used. Further, a processor based delay line can be used, wherein the delay is set by its firmware.
A schematic timing diagram 20 of the slave module 10 is shown in
The slave module 10 has been exampled in
In one embodiment, the pre-set time periods t1 and t2 are identical to all modules in the systems, allowing for similar (or identical) timing schemes uniformly executed in the system, and for a system built from identical or interchangeable modules. In an alternative embodiment, one, few or all of the modules in the system have individually set time periods, allowing the flexibility of different settling time periods effecting the operation of modules or adapting the periods for activating individual payloads. Further, each timer with a module may be individually set. In the latter case, the time period produced by an individual timer in an individual module can be continuously adjusted, for example to obtain any time period selected within the 0 to 20 seconds range. In one example, the adjusting mechanism is based on a potentiometer, which resistance value impacts the set time period, as shown for slave module 30 shown in
The slave module 30 shown in
In the example of slave module 40 shown in
A system (or a sub-system) 50 is shown in
A timing diagram 55 of the system 50 of
The sequential operation of the payloads associated with the connected slave modules is schematically shown as table 65 in
The system 50 operation was exemplified in
In the examples above, the payload 25 associated with a slave module 10 was described as being activated as long as the GATE signal 22 produced by timer216 is active. In an alternative embodiment of a module or of a payload, the payload 25 is triggered to start its action by the GATE 22 signal produced by the timer216, but then stays activated. The payload 25 may stay activated indefinitely, or as long as power is supplied thereto. Alternatively, the payload 25 activation may be terminated after a pre-set time period, either by using another timer in the module or as part of the payload. In yet another alternative, the payload 25 may be deactivated by another control, internal or external to the payload 25.
Table 67 in
In one embodiment, the payload is toggle controlled, wherein each triggering event causes the payload to switch to an alternate state, for example by using a toggle switch. Table 68 in
The system 50 shown in
In the example of splitter module 60 shown in
In another example, the splitter module contains the timing functionalities of a slave module. Such a splitter module 90 is shown in
In one example, the slave module and the splitter functionalities are combined into a single slave/splitter module. Such a slave/splitter module 110 is shown in
An example of a system 120 including a splitter module 60 is shown in
An example of a system 130 including two splitter modules 60a and 60b is shown in
Slave and splitter modules acts as repeaters that repeat activation signals received from former modules to next modules. The activation signal in the system is generated in a master module. The core function of a master module is to transmit a trailing edge signal serving as an activation signal (such as the ‘IN’ signal 51 shown in
Master module 145 shown in
Another example of a master module 160 is shown in
A system 170 employing a master module 140 is shown in
An exemplary system 185 employing a master module 160 is shown in
In one aspect of the invention, the master module is autonomous and free-running and is not dependent upon manual activation of a human user. In one example, the TIMER114 is an astable multi-vibrator that repetitively periodically generates activation pulses (as if the switch 141 is repetitively activated). The activation pulses can be provided immediately after the master module is powered on or may be dependent to start upon user activation (e.g., by the switch 141, serving as enabling switch to start the activation signals train). Further, the activation signal may be generated based on Time-Of-Day (TOD). In this configuration, a master module is set to generate an activation signal at a specific time of the day. For example, a master module can be set to communicate on a daily basis at 2:00 AM. In such a case, every day at 2:00 AM the master module will commence activation by generating an activation signal. Further, the master module can be set to activate a plurality of times during a 24-hour day, or alternatively, to commence activation less frequently than daily, such as once a week, once a month and so forth. In one example, the master module contains a real-time clock that keeps a track of the time, and stores (preferably in non-volatile memory) the parameter of the time of day wherein the activation signal should be initiated.
In one example, the activation is initiated external to the master module, rather than by a switch 141 as shown in
In one example, the system is triggered in response to a physical phenomenon, as a substitute or in addition to any manual or automatic activation. Such a master module 195 is shown in
In an alternative embodiment, the sensor 194 is external to the master module enclosure, as shown in
The modules and systems above exampled a unidirectional propagation of the activation signal, typically starting at the master module and distributed only downstream away from the master module. In another example, the propagation of the activation signal may be bi-directional. An example of a slave module 200 supporting two-way routing is shown in
The slave module 200 acts as a two-way repeater, wherein an activation signal received from upstream activates PAYLOAD125a and is repeated downstream, while an activation signal received from downstream activates PAYLOAD225b and is repeated upwards. In order to avoid an outgoing activation signal to be received as false input, TIMER216a provides ‘INHIBIT 23’ signal to TIMER314b over connection 201 for inhibiting the activation as a result of the receipt of an input when GATE122a signal is transmitted to the next module. Similarly, TIMER416b provides ‘INHIBIT41’ signal to TIMER114a over connection 202 for inhibiting the timer operation upon receipt of an input when GATE222b signal is transmitted to the former module. Alternatively, the outgoing signal may be connected to the line receiver to inhibit its operation upon transmitting to the corresponding connection. Such a 2-way slave module 209 is shown in
The timing and payload functionalities of the 2-way slave module 200 can be arranged into a sub-module 205 designated as ‘payload & Timing Block’ shown in
The 2-Way slave module 200 shown in
The timing and payload functionalities of the 2-way slave module 210 can be arranged into a sub-module 215 designated as ‘payload & Timing Block’ shown in
The 2-way communication interface may use the EIA/TIA-485 (formerly RS-485), which supports balanced signaling and multipoint/multi-drop wiring configurations. Overview of the RS-422 standard can be found in National Semiconductor Application Note 1057 publication AN012882 dated October 1996 and titled: “Ten ways to Bulletproof RS-485 Interfaces”, which is incorporated in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. In this case, RS-485 supporting line receivers and line driver are used, such as for example, RS-485 transceiver MAX3080 may be used, available from Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. of Sunnyvale, Calif., U.S.A., described in the data sheet “Fail-Safe, High-Speed (10 Mbps), Slew-Rate-Limited RS-485/RS-422 Transceivers” publication number 19-1138 Rev. 3 December 2005, which is incorporated in its entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
The activation signal or any other communication between two connected modules may use half-duplex, wherein the transmission is in both directions, but only in one direction at a time or full-duplex. Alternatively, the transmission may be full duplex, allowing simultaneous data or activation signal transmission in both directions. An example of a 2-way slave module 216 supporting full-duplex is shown in
In another example, the 2-way simultaneous signal propagation (such as full-duplex) is provided over two conductors using hybrid circuitry, similar to the telephone hybrids that are used within the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) wherever an interface between two-wire and four-wire circuits is needed. A two-wire circuit has both speech directions on the same wire pair, as exemplified by the usual POTS home or small business telephone line. Within the telephone network, switching and transmission are almost always four-wire with the two sides being separated. The fundamental principle is that of impedance matching. The send signal is applied to both the telephone line and a ‘balancing network’ that is designed to have the same impedance as the line. The receive signal is derived by subtracting the two, thus canceling the send audio. Early hybrids were made with transformers configured as hybrid coils that had an extra winding which could be connected out of phase. The name ‘hybrid’ comes from these special mixed-winding transformers. A hybrid may use passive (commonly resistors based) or active (power-consuming) circuitry. A hybrid circuit commonly has three ports: a ‘T/R’ port for connecting to the wire pair carrying signals in both ways; an ‘R’ port extracting received signal from the wire pair; and a ‘T’ port for receiving the signal to be transmitted to the wire pair.
A 2-way slave module 218 based on a hybrid scheme is shown in
A system 220 formed by 2-way slave modules 200 is shown in
During operation, an activation signal received by 2-way slave module 200b over wires 11c and 11d activates the payload (after a delay, if implemented) in the 2-way slave module 200b (or connected to slave module 200b). At a later stage, the activation signal is propagated to activate the payload associated with the 2-way slave module 200c, and sequentially to the 2-way slave module 200d. System 220 supports bi-directional signal flow, and thus an activation signal received from the next 2-way module over the wires 11k and 11l will propagate upwards. The activation signal received by 2-way slave module 200d over wires 11k and 11l activates the payload (after a delay, if implemented) in the 2-way slave module 200d (or connected to slave module 200d). At a later stage, the activation signal is propagated upstream to activate the payload associated with the 2-way slave module 200c, and sequentially to the 2-way slave module 200b.
The timing diagram 221 of system 220 is shown in
From TIME=5 61f to TIME=8 61i is an example of an upstream propagation. TIME=4 row 61e relates to the time before receiving the upstream activation signal by the 2-way slave modules, and thus all payloads are in ‘OFF’ state. As a result of receiving activation signal by 2-way slave module 200d, its payload (the downstream payload 25b shown for 2-way slave module 200 or the payload 25 of 2-way slave module 210) is activated, represented as ‘ON’ in TIME=5 row 61f. Upon timer216b expiration in slave module 200d, the payload is deactivated and reverts to ‘OFF’ state. Similarly, as a result of receiving activation signal by 2-way slave module 200c, its payload (the downstream payload 25b shown for 2-way slave module 200 or the payload 25 of 2-way slave module 210) is activated, represented as ‘ON’ in TIME=6 row 61g. Next, the payload of slave module 200c is deactivated and reverts to ‘OFF’ state. Next, as a result of receiving activation signal by 2-way slave module 200b, its payload (the downstream payload 25b shown for 2-way slave module 200 or the payload 25 of 2-way slave module 210) is activated, represented as ‘ON’ in TIME=7 row 61h, followed by deactivation of the payload of 2-way slave module 200b (reverts to ‘OFF’ state). At stages TIME=4 61e and at TIME=9 61j, no payload is activated (all in ‘OFF’ state), reverting to the original TIME=0 61a idle status.
Each of payload 25a and 25b shown as part of 2-way slave module 200 may be of the type that stays activated after being triggered by the corresponding GATE signal, as was exampled above in table 67 in
In one embodiment, the payload 25a or the payload 25b of slave module 200 (or both) are toggle controlled, wherein each triggering event causes the payload to switch to an alternate state, for example by using a toggle switch, similar to the one-way associated table 68 in
A loopback module may be used in order to invert the direction of the propagation of the activation signal in a system, either from downstream to upstream directions or vice versa. An example of a loopback module 230 is shown in
An example of a 2-way system 240 is shown in
A timing diagram 241 of system 240 is shown in
An example of a splitter module 250 for use in 2-way systems is shown in
An alternative 2-way splitter/slave module 251 is shown in
A 2-way system 260 containing a 2-way slave/splitter module 251 is shown in
System 260 timing diagram is shown in table 261 in
Another example of a 2-way slave/splitter module 255 is shown in
A 2-way system 270 containing a 2-way slave/splitter module 255 is shown in
A 2-way master module 280 is shown in
An example of a 2-way system 290 containing a 2-way master module 280 is shown in
Another example of a 2-way master module 300 is shown in
An example of a 2-way system 310 containing a 2-way master module 300 is shown in
The example system 310 shown in
Payload Control.
The control of a payload, either internal or external to a module) is dependent upon the ‘GATE’ signal. In one aspect, the payload is activated as long as the ‘GATE’ signal is active. For example, in the example of a payload including a lamp, the lamp will illuminate during the time when the ‘GATE’ signal in active (either active-low or active-high).
In one example, the payload control is latched based on the GATE signal. Such scheme is shown in graph CONTROL1318 in
Another alternative is shown in graph CONTROL2319 in
In another alternative, the GATE signal is used to toggle the payload 25 state. The payload state is changed (e.g., from ‘active’ to ‘non active’ and vice versa) each time a GATE pulse is present. Such scheme is shown in graph CONTROL3314 in
Powering.
The electric circuit in one, few or all of the modules in a system may be energized by a local power source. In this scheme, a module is individually powered, for example by a power source integrated within the module enclosure. An example of a locally powered 1-way slave module 320 is shown in
As an alternative or as addition to using internal battery as a power source, a module can be power fed from an external power source, such as the AC power supply or an external battery. External powering is exampled in
In an alternative powering scheme, a module (or few or all modules in a system) is remotely powered via the connection (or connections) to another module (or modules). For example, such scheme may allow a system to be powered by a single power source, wherein the power supplied is carried to power all the modules in the system via the modules connections. An example of a remotely powered 1-way slave module 340 is shown in
In the case of remote powering wherein the power is fed to a module via the connection to another module, a powering module is used to inject the power to the system. An example of a powering module 350 is shown in
An alternative powering module 360 is shown in
The powering related circuit of a splitter module 380 is shown in
The powering related circuit of a master module 390 is shown in
An example of a remote-powered system 400 is shown in
A module may double as both a powering module and either a slave, a master or a splitter module. The powering related circuit of a powering/master module 410 is shown in
An example of a remotely powered 1-way slave module 430 using P/D S/Cs is shown in
Supplying the power to the system may for example use a powering module 440 shown in
A 2-way master module 450 doubles to also include powering functionality as shown in
An example of a remotely fed loopback module 460 is shown in
In one example, the data and power signals are carried over the same wires using Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), where each signal is using different frequency band, and wherein the frequency bands are spaced in frequency. For example, the power signal can be a DC signal (0 Hz), while the data signal will be carried over a band excluding the DC frequency. Similarly, the power signal can be an AC power signal, using a frequency above the frequency band used by the data signal. Separation or combining the power and data signals makes use of filters, passing or stopping the respective bands. An example of a P/D S/C circuit 431 using FDM is shown as circuit 470 in
Alternatively, the data and power signals are carried over the same wires using a split-tap transformer, as commonly known for powering an analog telephone set known as POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service). An example of a P/D S/C circuit 431 using a split-tap transformer scheme is shown as circuit 480 in
In another alternative, the power signal is carried over a phantom channel between two pairs carrying the data signal or signals. An example of a P/D S/C circuit 431 using phantom scheme is shown as circuit 490 in
Typically, the payload 25 is a power consuming apparatus, and thus required to be connected to a power source for proper operation. In one example, the payload 25 is fed from the same power source energizing the module corresponding to the payload 25, and controlling it via the GATE activation or control signal. Such scheme is exampled in slave module 500 shown in
Alternatively, the payload 25 is powered from a power source external to the module and separated from the internal power circuitry energizing the module circuits (other than the payload 25). Such scheme is exampled in slave module 510 shown in
Alternatively, the payload may be external to the module enclosure, yet being powered from and controlled by the module. Such scheme is exampled in slave module 520 shown in
In one example, the payload control involves supplying power to the payload when activated. In such scheme, a switch is controlled by the GATE signal, switching power from a power source to a payload for its activation. The power source may be internal or external to the module enclosure. Similarly the payload may be internal or external to the module enclosure. Such scheme is exampled in slave module 540 shown in
Randomness.
The term ‘random’ in this specifications and claims is intended to cover not only pure random, non-deterministically generated signals, but also pseudo-random, deterministic signals such as the output of a shift-register arrangement provided with a feedback circuit as used to generate pseudo-random binary signals or as scramblers, and chaotic signals.
In one aspect of the invention, a randomness factor is included in one or more modules. The stochastic operation may add amusement and recreation to the system or module operation since the operation will be surprising, non-repetitive and cannot be predicted. In one example, the time delay associated with TIMER114 or with TIMER216 (or both) is randomly set, as shown in slave module 560 shown in
An example of an analog random signal generator 571 is shown in
An alternative embodiment of the analog random signal generator 581 is shown in
In another example, the randomness is associated with the payload operation. In the example shown in
In one aspect of the invention, the randomness factor is affecting the actual activation of a payload, as shown in slave module 590 shown in
While exampled above with regard to using analog random signal generator, a digital random signal generator (known as random number generator) may be equally used, wherein numbers in binary form replaces the analog voltage value output. One approach to random number generation is based on using linear feedback shift registers. An example of random number generators is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,124,157 to Ikake entitled: “Random Number Generator”, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,905,176 to Schulz entitled: “Random Number Generator Circuit”, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,853,884 to Brown et al. entitled: “Random Number Generator with Digital Feedback” and in U.S. Pat. No. 7,145,933 to Szajnowski entitled: “Method and Apparatus for generating Random signals”, which are incorporated in its entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
A digital equivalent of slave module 590 is shown as slave module 590a shown in
In one aspect of the invention, multiple payloads are available to be randomly selected, as shown in slave module 597 described in part in
The digital random signal generator 582 can be based on ‘True Random Number Generation IC RPG100/RPG100B’ available from FDK Corporation and described in the data sheet ‘Physical Random number generator RPG100.RPG100B’ REV. 08 publication number HM-RAE106-0812, which is incorporated in its entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. The digital random signal generator 582 can be hardware based, generating random numbers from a natural physical process or phenomenon, such as the thermal noise of semiconductor which has no periodicity. Typically, such hardware random number generators are based on microscopic phenomena such as thermal noise, shot noise, nuclear decaying radiation, photoelectric effect or other quantum phenomena, and typically contain a transducer to convert some aspect of the physical phenomenon to an electrical signal, an amplifier and other electronic to bring the output into a signal that can be converted into a digital representation by an analog to digital converter. In the case where digitized serial random number signals are generated, the output is converted to parallel, such as 8 bits data, with 256 values of random numbers (values from 0 to 255). Alternatively, the digital random signal generator 582 can be software (or firmware) based, such as pseudo-random number generators. Such generators include a processor for executing software that includes an algorithm for generating numbers, which approximates the properties of random numbers.
The random signal generator (either analog or digital) may output a signal having uniform distribution, in which there is a substantially or pure equal probability of a signal falling between two defined limits, having no appearance outside these limits. However, Gaussian and other distribution may be equally used.
Mechanical aspects.
Pictorial perspective views 600 and 605 of a module 601 are shown in
In one example, the module 610 shown in
The USB type ‘A’ connectors 602 and 603 includes four pins, two for power and two for data. Thus, these connectors may correspond to connectors 19 and 21 of the slave module 340, shown to connect to the two power carrying conductors (341a and 341b upstream and 341c and 341d downstream) added to the two signal carrying conductors (11a and 11b upstream and 11c and 11d downstream). Other standard connectors designed for systems wherein the wiring is carrying both power and data signal may be equally used, such as IEEE1394 standard connectors. In one example, an edge card connector is used. An edge card connector is commonly a portion of a printed circuit consisting of traces leading to edge of the board, that are intended to plug into a matching socket, commonly referred to as slot. In another example proprietary connectors are used, thus preventing the potential user fault of connecting between non-mating systems, which may result in system damage or even a safety hazard.
Pictorial perspective top view 610 is shown in
Pictorial side view 620 shown in
Pictorial perspective top views 630 and 635 of exemplary respective splitter modules 631 and 632 are shown in
A pictorial perspective top view of an exemplary master module 640 is shown in
Pictorial perspective top views 648a and 648b of exemplary respective AC-powered master modules 645 are shown in
Pictorial perspective top views 650a and 650b of an exemplary system are shown in
Pictorial perspective top views 670a and 670b of an exemplary system are shown in
A pictorial perspective top views 681a and 681b of an exemplary master/splitter module 680 are respectively shown in
A pictorial perspective top view 695 of an exemplary master/splitter module 690 is shown in
Similarly, a pictorial perspective top view 715 of an exemplary master/splitter module 710 is shown in
In another similarly example, a pictorial perspective top view 735 of an exemplary master/splitter module 730 is shown in
The shape of a single module, few modules or of a system formed by connected modules may be according to a theme. The theme may provide for amusement, education, entertainment and a better user experience. In one example, the theme relates to animals, such as ducks. Slave modules 751a and 751b, shaped as ducklings, are shown in views 755 and 756 in the respective
In one example, the theme relates to man-made objects, such as transportation. A master module 770 shaped as a locomotive and slave modules 771a and 771b shaped as train cars are shown in views 775 and 776 in the
In one example, the LEGO® strips are used for connecting the modules to each other, providing both electrical connection and mechanical affixing. A slave module 790 using LEGO® strips is shown in
An AC-powered master/splitter module 810 is shown in view 811 in
A module may include multiple payloads, as exampled in slave module 840 shown in
While the invention has been exampled above with regard to two-dimensional (2-D) structure, wherein the modules are all connected to form a substantially planar structure, it will be appreciated that the invention equally applies to three-dimensional structure (3-D) wherein the system formed by the modules connections is a three-dimensional shape. For example, the system 700 shown in
Examples of engaging parts to form a 3-D structure are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application 2009/0127785 to Kishon entitled: “Puzzle”, U.S. Pat. No. 6,692,001 to Romano entitled: “Multi-Layered Decorative Puzzle Apparatus”, U.S. Pat. No. 6,237,914 to Saltanov et al. entitled: “Multi dimensional Puzzle”, U.S. Pat. No. 2,493,697 to Raczkowski entitled: “Profile Building Puzzle”, U.S. Patent Application 2009/0127785 to Kishon entitled: “Puzzle” and U.S. Pat. No. 4,874,176 to Auerbach entitled: “Three-Dimensional Puzzle”, which are all incorporated in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
In one embodiment, a semiconductor light source such as a Light-Emitting-Diode (LED) is used as the payload, having small form factor and high efficiency. However, any type of visible electric light emitter such as a flashlight, a liquid crystal display, an incandescent lamp and compact fluorescent lamps can be used.
Referring to
In one aspect of the invention, the light source in a module is used to illuminate a symbol, such as a number, a letter or a word. Such systems may be used as part of signage systems, providing visual graphics for displaying information. A user may select from a variety of modules each having a different symbol, to form a custom-made signage based on the selected modules and the way they are interconnected. An example of a signage system 880 is shown in
Multiple payloads.
While some of the examples above described a single payload associated with a module, in one aspect of the invention a plurality of payloads may be controlled or activated by a single module. An example of such a slave module 900 is shown as part of a system 905 shown in
While some of the examples above described a dedicated payload (or payloads) associated with each module, in one aspect of the invention a payload (or a plurality of payloads) may be controlled or activated by two or more modules. An example of such a system 910 is shown in
The wiring infrastructure relating to connecting to the payloads (and to the power source) is shown in
While the example in
The payload 25 may include an annunciator, defined as any visual or audible signaling device, or any other device that indicates a status to the person. In one embodiment according to the invention, the annunciator is a visual signaling device. In one example, the device illuminates a visible light, such as a Light-Emitting-Diode (LED) 841 shown as part of module 840 shown in
In one example, the system is used for sound or music generation. For example, the modules may serve as a construction toy block as part of a music toy instrument. An example of a music generation system is shown in
A pictorial view 960 of music-associated slave modules 961a, 961b, 961c and 961d is shown in
In order to ease the association of the music-associated slave modules with the musical tune, the modules may be identified by the signage or marking on the modules, which may be the actual musical notation (identified as a note in a musical staff), tune name, a number, a symbol, a letter, a color or any other simpler association. For example, if the modules are numbered such as ‘DO’=1, ‘RE’=2. ‘MI’=3 etc., the user can be instructed to build the module according to a specific order such as 1-4-4-5-2-3-7, where upon activation the notes are played in the connection sequence, corresponding to the notes in a set song, a melody or any other audible theme. View 970 in
In another example, the music associated payload includes sound or music generation by mechanical means. System 980 in
While
In one embodiment according to the invention, the annunciator is an audible signaling device, emitting audible sounds that can be heard (having frequency components in the 20-20,000 Hz band). In one example, the device is a buzzer (or beeper), a chime, a whistler or a ringer. Buzzers are known in the art and are either electromechanical or ceramic-based piezoelectric sounders which make a high-pitch noise. The sounder may emit a single or multiple tones, and can be in continuous or intermittent operation. In another example, the sounder simulates the voice of a human being or generates music, typically by using an electronic circuit having a memory for storing the sounds (e.g., music, song, voice message, etc.), a digital to analog converter to reconstruct the electrical representation of the sound and driver for driving a loudspeaker, which is an electro-acoustical transducer that converts an electrical signal to sound. An example of a greeting card providing music and mechanical movement is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application 2007/0256337 to Segan entitled: “User Interactive Greeting Card”, which is incorporated in its entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
The audible signaling may be associated with the module or the system theme or shape. For example, the sounder appearance, as well as the sound volume, type and steadiness may be influenced by the theme, providing a surprising and illustrative result. For example, the shape may include household appliance associated with a specific sound such as the ringing of a telephone set, the buzzer of the entrance bell or the bell sound or a microwave oven. Other examples are a horn of an automobile, the rattling ‘chik-chuk’ sound of a train and a siren of an emergency vehicle such as a police car, an ambulance or a fire-engine truck. In such a case, the sounder will preferably generate a sound which simulates or is similar to the real sound associated with the theme, e.g., a telephone ringing for a telephone set and a siren sound for a police car. In another example, the puzzle picture (or shape) include an animal, and the sounder produces the characteristic sound of the animal, such as barking for a dog, yowling for a cat and twittering of a bird. Such system can be used for audio-visual learning for teaching small children by association of an object such as a musical instruments or an animal which produces a distinctive sound with the viewable indicia associated therewith.
In one example the sound generated is music or song. The elements of the music such as pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture, may be associated with the shape theme. For example, if a musical instrument shown in the picture, the music generated by that instrument will be played, e.g., drumming sound of drums and playing of a flute or guitar.
In one example according to the invention, a song or a melody of a song are played by the annunciator. Preferably, the song (or its melody) is associated with a module or system shape or theme. For example, the theme can be related to the calendar such as season or a holiday. For example, a theme of winter season showing rain or snow will be associated with a song about rain (such as “rain, rain”) or about snowing, while a spring related theme may play the ‘Spring Song’. Similarly, a theme of Christmas may be associated with Christmas related songs such as ‘Santa Claus is coming to town’ or ‘Jingle Bells’. In another example, the theme includes an animal, and the song played is corresponding to the specific animal, such as the song ‘Mary had a Little Lamb’ for a theme showing a lamb, the song ‘swan Lake’ for a swan or ‘B-I-N-G-O’ for a dog theme. In the case that the theme relates to a specific location or a specific geography location or region (such as a continent, island, river, region, famous places, country, city etc.), a corresponding song may be played. For example, if the theme includes a map of a country (e.g., United-States) or the puzzle is shaped as the map of a country or a continent, a popular song related to the country or its national anthem (e.g., “The Star-Spangled Banner” for the US) may be played, thus helping in improving children learning about the world and geography. Some examples of geography related puzzles are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,425,581 to Barrett entitled: “Map Puzzle Game” and U.S. Patent Application 2008/0224396 to Cocis et al. entitled: “Jigsaw Educational Game”, which are all incorporated in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
Other famous places may include the song ‘London Bridge’ for a theme of London or a bridge. In the case the theme relates to a specific activity (e.g., birthday party), the song or melody may correspond to the occasion (e.g., ‘Happy Birthday’ song). Similarly, a theme relating to household appliance (e.g. telephone) will be associated with a relevant related song (e.g. ‘Mr. Telephone Man’). In the case the image (or shape) relates to a television or cinema character (e.g., ‘Bob Sponge’ and ‘Spiderman’), the song may be associated with the respective movie or television show opening melody or song. The same goes for transportation, space and other common children or adult themes.
In one example according to the invention, a human voice talking is played by the annunciator. The sound may be a syllable, a word, a phrase, a sentence, a short story or a long story, and can be based on speech synthesis or pre-recorded. Male or female voice can be used, being young or old. The text sounded is preferably associated with the shape or theme. For example, a name of the theme of the system can be heard, such as ‘dog’, ‘truck’ and ‘mountain’. Further, the story heard may be related to the theme, or can describe the items shown in the image. In another example, general encouraging, thanking or praising phrases can be made such as ‘good work’, ‘excellent’ and ‘congratulations’. Further, a greeting such as ‘Merry Christmas’ can be played for a Christmas related theme. In another example, each module plays part of an audio chapter such as a song, melody, story or text. Each module plays part of the audio chapter such as a work, tune, syllable or word, such that when properly connected, the whole audio chapter is played. Such ‘audio puzzle’ provides amusement and can be played by children, trying to find the correct order of modules assembly to be rewarded by the complete and properly played audio part.
A tone, voice, melody or song sounder typically contains a memory storing a digital representation of the pre-recorder or synthesized voice or music, a digital to analog (D/A) converter for creating an analog signal, a speaker and a driver for feeding the speaker. An annunciator, which includes a sounder, may be based on Holtek HT3834 CMOS VLSI Integrated Circuit (IC) named ‘36 Melody Music Generator’ available from Holtek Semiconductor Inc., headquartered in Hsinchu, Taiwan, and described with application circuits in a data sheet Rev. 1.00 dated Nov. 2, 2006, which is incorporated in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. Similarly, the sounder may be based on EPSON 7910 series ‘Multi-Melody IC’ available from Seiko-Epson Corporation, Electronic Devices Marketing Division located in Tokyo, Japan, and described with application circuits in a data sheet PF226-04 dated 1998, which is incorporated in its entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. A human voice synthesizer may be based on Magnevation SpeakJet chip available from Magnevation LLC and described in ‘Natural Speech & Complex Sound Synthesizer’ described in User's Manual Revision 1.0 Jul. 27, 2004, which is incorporated in its entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. A general audio controller may be based on OPTi 82C931 ‘Plug and Play Integrated Audio Controller’ described in Data Book 912-3000-035 Revision: 2.1 published on Aug. 1, 1997, which is incorporated in its entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. Similarly, a music synthesizer may be based on YMF721 OPL4-ML2 FM+Wavetable Synthesizer LSI available from Yamaha Corporation described in YMF721 Catalog No. LSI-4MF721A20, which is incorporated in its entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
Some examples of prior-art toys that include generation of an audio signal such as music are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,496,149 to Schwartzberg entitled: “Game Apparatus Utilizing Controllable Audio Signals”, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,516,260 to Breedlove et al. entitled: “Electronic Learning Aid or Game having Synthesized Speech”, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,414,186 to Scarpa et al. entitled: “System and Method for Teaching Musical Notes”, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,968,255 to Lee et al. entitled: “ Electronic Instructional Apparatus”, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,248,123 to Bunger et al. entitled: “Electronic Piano” and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,796,891 to Milner entitled: “Musical Puzzle Using Sliding Tiles”, and toys with means for synthesizing human voice are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,527,611 to Cummings entitled: “Place and Find Toy”, and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,840,602 to Rose entitled: “Talking Doll Responsive to External Signal”, which are all incorporated in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. A music toy kit combining music toy instrument with a set of construction toy blocks is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,132,281 to Klitsner et al. entitled: “Music Toy Kit” and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,349,129 to Wisniewski et al. entitled: “Electronic Sound Generating Toy”, which are incorporated in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
In one example according to the invention, the annunciator is a smoke generation unit, mimicking the generation of a real life smoking such as a smoke of a real train. Preferably, such implementation may relate to a theme of a train having a smoking locomotive or a fire. Some examples of smoke generation units are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,280,278 to Wells entitled: “Smoke Generation System for Model Top Applications” and U.S. Pat. No. 7,297,045 to Pierson et al. entitled: “Smart Smoke Unit”, which are all incorporated in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
Wireless.
The payload 25 may be external to the module, such as module 30 shown in
Non-limiting other examples of WPAN systems include Bluetooth, which according to IEEE 802.15.1 standard, for example, operates over license-free ISM band at 2.45 GHz and Ultra-Wide-band (UWB), which according to the IEEE 802.15.3 standard, for example, uses a wavelet. Other wireless technologies may be used, using either licensed frequency bands or unlicensed frequency band, such as the frequency bands utilized in the Industrial, scientific and Medical (ISM) frequency spectrum. In the US, three of the bands within the ISM spectrum are the A band, 902-928 MHz; the B band, 2.4-2.484 GHz (referred to as 2.4 GHz); and the C band, 5.725-5.875 GHz (referred to as 5 GHz).
The invention equally applies to any other wireless based technology, using either single or multi carrier signals for implementing either spread spectrum or narrowband, using either unlicensed bands (such as ISM) or licensed spectrum. Such technology may be part of the IEEE 802.11 (such as IEEE 802.11a/b, IEEE 802.11g or IEEE 802.11n), ETSI HiperLAN/2 or any technology used for WLAN, home networking or PAN (Personal Area Network). One non-limiting example is using IEEE 802.11b based on CCK (Complementary Code Keying). Other non-limiting examples are BlueTooth™, UWB and HomeRF™. Furthermore, WAN (Wide Area Network) and other wireless technologies may be used, such as cellular technologies (e.g., GSM, GPRS, 2.5G, 3G, UMTS, DCS, PCS and CDMA) and Local Loop oriented technologies (WLL—Wireless Local Loop) such as WiMax, WCDMA and other Fixed Wireless technologies, including microwave based technologies. Similarly, satellite based technologies and components may be equally used. While the technologies mentioned above are all standards-based, proprietary and non-standards technologies may be equally used according to present invention. Furthermore, the invention may equally apply to using technologies and components used in non-radio based through-the-air wireless systems such as light (e.g., infrared) or audio (e.g., ultrasonic) based communication systems.
It will be appreciated to those skilled in the art that the modules may be made of paper (card-board), wood (stain sheets), synthetic resins (soft and hard material), synthetic material, stone materials, woven or non-woven fabrics, cork, metals, leather, glass, plastic, cast metal, cast plaster, case stone, papier-mache or other materials and may have a design imprinted on its exposed surface or surfaces or may have a surface sheet of imprinted design applied to its exposed surface or surfaces. The modules may be individually molded pieces, assembled of separate pieces fitted and adhered together, or cut from a precast larger piece. Further, the modules may be solid or hollow.
The module electronic circuits (e.g., integrated circuit (IC) and related devices) may be based on a discrete logic or an integrated device, such as a processor, microprocessor or microcomputer, and may include a general-purpose device or may be a special purpose processing device, such as an ASIC, PAL, PLA, PLD, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Gate Array, or other customized or programmable device. For example, a timer can be implemented by a counted loop executed in software. In the case of a programmable device as well as in other implementations, a memory is required. The memory may include a static RAM (random Access Memory), dynamic RAM, flash memory, ROM (Read Only Memory), or any other data storage medium. The memory may include data, algorithms, programs, and/or instructions and any other software or firmware executable by the processor. The control logic can be implemented in hardware or in software, such as a firmware stored in the memory. The term “processor” herein is meant to include any integrated circuit or other electronic device (or collection of devices) capable of performing an operation on at least one instruction including, without limitation, reduced instruction set core (RISC) processors, CISC microprocessors, microcontroller units (MCUs), CISC-based central processing units (CPUs), and digital signal processors (DSPs). The hardware of such devices may be integrated onto a single substrate (e.g., silicon “die”), or distributed among two or more substrates. Furthermore, various functional aspects of the processor may be implemented solely as software or firmware associated with the processor. In accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure, the methods described herein may be implemented by software programs executable by a processor or a computer system. Further, in an exemplary, non-limited embodiment, implementations can include distributed processing, component/object distributed processing, and parallel processing. Alternatively, virtual computer system processing can be constructed to implement one or more of the methods or functionality as described herein.
While the computer-readable medium is shown to be a single medium, the term “computer-readable medium” includes a single medium or multiple media, such as a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers that store one or more sets of instructions. The term “computer-readable medium” shall also include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by a processor or that cause a computer system to perform any one or more of the methods or operations disclosed herein. In a particular non-limiting, exemplary embodiment, the computer-readable medium can include a solid-state memory such as a memory card or other package that houses one or more non-volatile read-only memories. Further, the computer-readable medium can be a random access memory or other volatile re-writable memory. Additionally, the computer-readable medium can include a magneto-optical or optical medium, such as a disk or tapes or other storage device to capture carrier wave signals such as a signal communicated over a transmission medium. Accordingly, the disclosure is considered to include any one or more of a computer-readable medium or a distribution medium and other equivalents and successor media, in which data or instructions may be stored.
While the invention has been exampled above with regard to two-dimensional (2-D) structure, wherein the module are all connected to form a substantially planar structure, it will be appreciated that the invention equally applies to three-dimensional structure (3-D) wherein the system formed by the modules connections is a three-dimensional shape. Examples of engaging parts to form a 3-D structure are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application 2009/0127785 to Kishon entitled: “Puzzle”, U.S. Pat. No. 6,692,001 to Romano entitled: “Multi-Layered Decorative Puzzle Apparatus”, U.S. Pat. No. 6,237,914 to Saltanov et al. entitled: “Multi dimensional Puzzle”, U.S. Pat. No. 2,493,697 to Raczkowski entitled: “Profile Building Puzzle”, U.S. Patent Application 2009/0127785 to Kishon entitled: “Puzzle” and U.S. Pat. No. 4,874,176 to Auerbach entitled: “Three-Dimensional Puzzle”, which are all incorporated in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
In one example application of the invention, a module or a system formed by connected modules is used as a toy or a game, and thus can be contrived as a form of amusement, education or entertainment. For example, it can be played as aiming to reconstruct a system by connecting or attaching interlocking modules serving as construction toy blocks, for example in a predetermined manner. The modules may take toy-like shapes such as having a look like a toy character, or according to a theme, to give additional interest in the game. The intellectual challenge involves connecting or attaching of numerous interlocking and tessellating modules. The system formed from the connected modules may be used to operate electrical devices such as visual or sound-based indicators, such as a music toy kit, as exampled in system 960 above. The operation of the annunciator attracts the player attention and thus provides reward for completing the system. In addition to recreational purposes, the invention may provide educational and therapeutic benefits as motor skills, art, music and creative thinking skills are employed. In addition to music and notes applications described above, the modules and system may be used in training involving spelling, counting and object and color identification, which may be used by an operator who is in preliterate stage of development, such as a preschool age child. Further, it will be appreciated that the invention equally applies to any game set involving assembling (and disassembling) of modules into an array (which may be enclosed in a frame structure), wherein the modules are sized and configured to fit one with other by interlocking, friction fit or using shaped lugs and cut-outs (e.g. by connectors) for solving by means of connecting, wherein the modules are each having an electrical property, such as allowing for electrically announcing the proper solving of the game. Particularly, the invention may apply to any building block toy set or similar construction systems that employ modules that can be assembled together to form larger toys or systems, and wherein the game primary purpose is the recreation or amusement by assembling or disassembling the game. As an example, the game set may comprise a plurality of inter-engaged game modules, each game module having one or more indentations and one or more protrusions, wherein the game is solved by the game modules can be assembled together in a single way using mating indentations and protrusions into a one pre-defined structure, and wherein each of said game module comprises two or more connectors, such that when properly assembled or connected together form an electrical system.
Further, the manner of play may be for diversified ages; diversified abilities; diversified approaches; specified age; specified ability; specified approach; creative; artistic; music-oriented; puzzle; recreational; educational; therapeutic; stage-oriented; level-oriented; family-oriented; age-appropriate; selective; thematic; turn indicated; timing indicated; scoring indicated; hierarchical; sequential; matching; choice; according to players, direction, playing order, number of players, teams; procedure indicated; having emission; introductory; junior; standard; intermediate; advanced; professional; numerical; alphabetical; identifying; positioning; pre-determined; improvisational; exchangeable; sharing; rotating; variable; same, different, switch, story, and customize-able.
While the invention has been exampled above with regard to a payload including an annunciator providing visual or audible signaling, it will be appreciated that the invention equally applies to a payload adapted to perform other functions, such as physical movement or other motive functions (e.g. pop-up figure). For example, the payload may include motors, winches, fans, reciprocating elements, extending or retracting, and energy conversion elements. In addition, heaters or coolers may be used. Each of the actuator or movement appearance, location, color, type, shape and functionality may be conceptually related to the module or system theme (such as image or shape). Further, the payload may include an indicator for indicating free-form, shape, form, amorphous, abstract, conceptual, representational, organic, biomorphic, partially geometric, conventional, unconventional, multi-sided, natural, figurative, recognizable concept, geometric, amorphous, abstract, organic, virtual, irregular, regular, biomorphic, conventional, unconventional, symmetric, asymmetric, man-made, composite, geometric, letter, number, code, and symbol. Furthermore, the payload may be indicating associated information such as indicia, indicator, theme indicator, turn indicator, timing indicator, game piece indicator, emission indicator, emission device, playing area indicator, scoring indicator, and procedure indicator. Further, the module or system may include sensors that will be part of the formed electrical circuit, such as photocells, voltage or current detectors, pressure detectors or motion detector and manually or automatically operated switches. Each of the sensor appearance, location, color, type, shape and functionality may be conceptually related to the module or system theme (such as image or shape).
In one particular example, the invention can be applied to control and automation, such as industrial control, robotics, factory automation and other similar applications, wherein the control is based on a sequence of events such as a finite state machine. For example, the system can be used as a substitute or a supplement to a PLC (Programmable Control Logic). Most control system involves programming language stored in software (or firmware) and executed by a processor in order to set (or program) or to execute the required set of controlling steps. One example is ladder logic or C language. Updating or changing such software requires skill and expertise, added to various programming tools, and thus expensive and complex to a lay person. Further, since the software is not directly visible, the programmed control steps are hidden to the user. The system according to the invention can be used to ‘program’ a process by connecting or attaching various modules, each associated with a different functionality of control step. Such system forming (as well as its modifications) is easy and intuitive, and does not require any expertise, skill or special tools. Further, the control steps involved are apparent by the type of modules used and their location in the system and in respect to each other. The formed control system may be used for home entertainment and control applications such as smart lighting, temperature control, safety and security, for home awareness applications such as water sensing and control, power sensors, energy monitoring, smoke and fire detectors, smart appliances and access sensors, for commercial building automation such as energy monitoring, HVAC, lighting and access control, and for industrial applications such as process control, asset management, environmental management, and industrial automation.
All publications, patents, and patent applications cited in this specifications are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference and set forth in its entirety herein.
Throughout the description and claims this specifications the word “comprise’ and variations of that word such as “comprises” and “comprising”, are not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps.
Those of skill in the art will understand that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in any number of ways including electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. The various illustrative components, blocks, modules and circuits have been described generally in terms of their functionality. Whether the functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans recognize the interchangeability of hardware and software under these circumstances, and how best to implement the described functionality for each particular application.
Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described, this should not be construed to limit the scope of the appended claims. Those skilled in the art will understand that modifications may be made to the described embodiments. Moreover, to those skilled in the various arts, the invention itself herein will suggest solutions to other tasks and adaptations for other applications. It is therefore desired that the present embodiments be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being made to the appended claims rather than the foregoing description to indicate the scope of the invention.
It will be appreciated that the aforementioned features and advantages are presented solely by way of example. Accordingly, the foregoing should not be construed or interpreted to constitute, in any way, an exhaustive enumeration of features and advantages of embodiments of the present invention.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2493697 | Raczkowski | Mar 1950 | A |
| 2879685 | Page | Mar 1959 | A |
| 2947914 | Simons | Aug 1960 | A |
| 3005282 | Christiansen | Oct 1961 | A |
| 3034254 | Christiansen | May 1962 | A |
| 3205407 | Thompson | Sep 1965 | A |
| 3237341 | Janning | Mar 1966 | A |
| 3553438 | Blitz et al. | Jan 1971 | A |
| 3556529 | Noriega | Jan 1971 | A |
| 3576936 | Fischer | May 1971 | A |
| 3594689 | Hopt et al. | Jul 1971 | A |
| 3640018 | Light | Feb 1972 | A |
| 3654706 | Perrella | Apr 1972 | A |
| 3659219 | Rueff, Jr. | Apr 1972 | A |
| 3696548 | Teller | Oct 1972 | A |
| 3803531 | Sorensen | Apr 1974 | A |
| 3862512 | Vogel | Jan 1975 | A |
| 3863931 | Forsyth et al. | Feb 1975 | A |
| 3877028 | Thomas | Apr 1975 | A |
| 3970805 | Thomas | Jul 1976 | A |
| 4021252 | Banczak et al. | May 1977 | A |
| D244632 | Christiansen | Jun 1977 | S |
| 4038775 | Sato | Aug 1977 | A |
| 4053159 | Kulak | Nov 1977 | A |
| 4064377 | Regan | Dec 1977 | A |
| 4118888 | Ogawa | Oct 1978 | A |
| 4158921 | Stolpen | Jun 1979 | A |
| 4181824 | Seidel | Jan 1980 | A |
| 4183173 | Ogawa | Jan 1980 | A |
| 4211456 | Sears | Jul 1980 | A |
| 4212118 | Baldwin et al. | Jul 1980 | A |
| 4233778 | Lemelson | Nov 1980 | A |
| 4284123 | Plockinger et al. | Aug 1981 | A |
| 4285563 | Crosier et al. | Aug 1981 | A |
| 4306373 | Chatani et al. | Dec 1981 | A |
| 4314236 | Mayer et al. | Feb 1982 | A |
| 4323243 | Hanson et al. | Apr 1982 | A |
| 4348191 | Lipsitz et al. | Sep 1982 | A |
| D267895 | Petrie | Feb 1983 | S |
| 4376538 | Keenan | Mar 1983 | A |
| 4449942 | Salit | May 1984 | A |
| 4456321 | Jones et al. | Jun 1984 | A |
| 4496149 | Schwartzberg | Jan 1985 | A |
| 4510210 | Hunt | Apr 1985 | A |
| 4516260 | Breedlove et al. | May 1985 | A |
| 4532579 | Merryman | Jul 1985 | A |
| 4538675 | Welsh | Sep 1985 | A |
| 4542784 | Welsh | Sep 1985 | A |
| 4546267 | Urfirer | Oct 1985 | A |
| 4547027 | Scheibenreif | Oct 1985 | A |
| 4552541 | Bolli | Nov 1985 | A |
| 4556272 | Briones | Dec 1985 | A |
| 4556393 | Bolli | Dec 1985 | A |
| 4578649 | Shupe | Mar 1986 | A |
| 4606732 | Lyman | Aug 1986 | A |
| 4712184 | Haugerud | Aug 1987 | A |
| 4736367 | Wroblewski et al. | Apr 1988 | A |
| 4743202 | Bach | May 1988 | A |
| 4796891 | Milner | Jan 1989 | A |
| 4820233 | Weiner | Apr 1989 | A |
| 4838794 | Coddington | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4840602 | Rose | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4846687 | White et al. | Jul 1989 | A |
| 4853884 | Brown et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4874176 | Auerbach | Oct 1989 | A |
| 4878848 | Ingalsbe | Nov 1989 | A |
| 4883440 | Bolli | Nov 1989 | A |
| 4890241 | Hoffman et al. | Dec 1989 | A |
| 4893817 | Shilo | Jan 1990 | A |
| 4905176 | Schulz | Feb 1990 | A |
| 4910396 | Grove | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4936780 | Cogliano | Jun 1990 | A |
| 4937811 | Harris | Jun 1990 | A |
| 4964833 | Suzuki | Oct 1990 | A |
| 4968255 | Lee et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4969827 | Hahs, Jr. | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4978317 | Pocrass | Dec 1990 | A |
| 5009625 | Longuet-Higgins | Apr 1991 | A |
| 5013245 | Benedict | May 1991 | A |
| 5013276 | Garfinkel | May 1991 | A |
| 5088951 | Majurinen | Feb 1992 | A |
| D324551 | Skov | Mar 1992 | S |
| 5172534 | Milner et al. | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5190287 | Ishiyama | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5191276 | Zainaleain | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5203711 | Bogiel | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5205758 | Comerci et al. | Apr 1993 | A |
| D335508 | Skov | May 1993 | S |
| 5227232 | Lim | Jul 1993 | A |
| 5236375 | Kachlic | Aug 1993 | A |
| D339613 | Pirnat | Sep 1993 | S |
| 5244403 | Smith et al. | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5275567 | Whitfield | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5281154 | Comerci et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5304069 | Brunker et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5319241 | Lim | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5345221 | Pons et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5346399 | Sakow | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5349129 | Wisniewski et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
| D352750 | Kushner et al. | Nov 1994 | S |
| 5371355 | Wodecki | Dec 1994 | A |
| D354318 | Ryaa et al. | Jan 1995 | S |
| 5380951 | Comerci et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5385344 | Miller et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5409227 | Walker | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5409236 | Therrien | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5423684 | Ishikawa | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5445552 | Hine | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5447433 | Perry, Jr. | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5451178 | Yorozu et al. | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5452201 | Pieronek et al. | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5455749 | Ferber | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5459283 | Birdwell, Jr. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5462443 | Kurbjuhn et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5463486 | Stevens | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5467102 | Kuno et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5469331 | Conway et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
| D365756 | Rask et al. | Jan 1996 | S |
| 5512710 | Schroeder | Apr 1996 | A |
| D370035 | Olsen | May 1996 | S |
| 5520396 | Therrien | May 1996 | A |
| D371583 | Knudsen | Jul 1996 | S |
| 5547399 | Naghi et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5547933 | Lin | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5558542 | O'Sullivan et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| D374257 | Schmidt et al. | Oct 1996 | S |
| 5563771 | Bethurum | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5574312 | Bayerer et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5580283 | O'Sullivan et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5596233 | Leiber et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5607336 | Lebensfeld et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5610931 | Huang | Mar 1997 | A |
| D378837 | Olsen et al. | Apr 1997 | S |
| 5645463 | Olsen | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5648892 | Wieloch et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5651685 | Brinkman et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5658155 | McFarlane et al. | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5661470 | Karr | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5663938 | Dang et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5667411 | O'Sullivan et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| D385926 | Nielsen | Nov 1997 | S |
| 5697829 | Chainani et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5703761 | Heiss | Dec 1997 | A |
| D389408 | Rask et al. | Jan 1998 | S |
| 5705853 | Faller et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5721496 | Farnworth et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5722861 | Wetter | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5724074 | Chainani et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5739050 | Farnworth | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5742169 | Akram et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5746638 | Shiraishi | May 1998 | A |
| 5747940 | Openiano | May 1998 | A |
| 5766077 | Hongo | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5779515 | Chung | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5799067 | Kikinis et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| RE35896 | Brunker et al. | Sep 1998 | E |
| 5812397 | Pech et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5823782 | Marcus et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5833456 | Davis et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5838161 | Akram et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5841360 | Binder | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5845503 | Choi | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5848503 | Toft et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5850581 | Roller | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5853327 | Gilboa | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5872354 | Hanson | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5901263 | Gaio et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5902155 | Polgar et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5921864 | Walker et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5941714 | Gorbet et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5947787 | Cyrus et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5949010 | Hacker | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5956046 | Kehlet et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5966526 | Yokoi | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5971855 | Ng | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5984756 | Krog | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6024626 | Mendelsohn | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6030270 | Krog | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6062937 | Kikuchi | May 2000 | A |
| 6099353 | Wu | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6102766 | Leadbetter et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6110000 | Ting | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6132281 | Klitsner et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6147552 | Sauer | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6165068 | Sonoda et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6168494 | Engel et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6171168 | Jessop | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6190174 | Lam | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6206745 | Gabai et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6213871 | Yokoi | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6222665 | Neuner et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6227931 | Shackelford | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6227966 | Yokoi | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6233502 | Yim | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6236796 | Tamura et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6237914 | Saltanov et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6249009 | Kim | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6271453 | Hacker | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6280278 | Wells | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6290565 | Galyean, III et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6297785 | Sommer et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6306039 | Kaji et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6443796 | Shackelford | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6380844 | Pelekis | Apr 2002 | B2 |
| 6422941 | Thorner et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6425581 | Barrett | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6431936 | Kiribuchi | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6438456 | Feddema et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6454624 | Duff et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6469901 | Costner | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6477444 | Bennett, III et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6478583 | Standiford et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6480510 | Binder | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6505087 | Lucas et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6540606 | Matsukata | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6535907 | Hachiya et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| D473849 | Yeh | Apr 2003 | S |
| 6527611 | Cummings | Apr 2003 | B2 |
| 6540614 | Nishino et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6560511 | Yokoo et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6563413 | Ponweiser et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6569018 | Jaffe | May 2003 | B2 |
| 6574234 | Myer et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6575802 | Yim et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6579178 | Walker et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6585553 | Fetridge et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6605914 | Yim et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6611537 | Edens et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6628244 | Hirosawa et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6629771 | Chiu | Oct 2003 | B2 |
| 6634920 | Michaelsen | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6652383 | Sonoda et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6679751 | Maxwell et al. | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6682230 | Demangone et al. | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6682392 | Chan | Jan 2004 | B2 |
| 6692001 | Romano | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6692310 | Zaderej et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6687128 | Tokuhara | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6719603 | Chan | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6725128 | Hogg et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6727177 | Catabay et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6752680 | Hansen | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6761609 | Andersen | Jul 2004 | B1 |
| 6773322 | Gabai et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6795318 | Haas et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6805605 | Reining et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6819304 | Branson | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6850426 | Kojori et al. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6893315 | Barri | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6893316 | Maxwell et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6902461 | Munch et al. | Jun 2005 | B1 |
| 6931656 | Eshelman et al. | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6939192 | Munch et al. | Sep 2005 | B1 |
| 6940783 | Fox et al. | Sep 2005 | B2 |
| 6952196 | Weil et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6956826 | Binder | Oct 2005 | B1 |
| 6965298 | Feinberg | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6967274 | Hanington | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6970145 | Aoki | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 6979245 | Goodwin | Dec 2005 | B1 |
| 6988008 | Hudson et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 7008324 | Johnson et al. | Mar 2006 | B1 |
| 7018213 | Marcus et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7044825 | Glickman et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7066778 | Kretzschmar | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7089083 | Yokoo et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7089333 | Marinescu et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7104863 | Mimlitch, III et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7124157 | Ikake | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7144255 | Seymour | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7145933 | Szajnowski | Dec 2006 | B1 |
| 7170468 | Knopf | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7184718 | Newman et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7196676 | Nakamura et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7234941 | Shuler et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7238026 | Brown et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7242369 | Huang | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7252572 | Wright et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7273377 | Seymour | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7275937 | Ellison | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7297045 | Pierson et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7316567 | Hsieh et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7322873 | Rosen et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7331793 | Hernandez et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
| 7333328 | Funawatari et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
| 7347760 | Wood et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7358929 | Mueller et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7369399 | Richardson | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7370974 | Yamada et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7371177 | Ellis et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7413493 | Toht et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7414186 | Scarpa et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| D576208 | Quercetti | Sep 2008 | S |
| 7427066 | Goodwin | Sep 2008 | B1 |
| D585096 | Lin | Jan 2009 | S |
| 7481692 | Bruder | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7507136 | Patton | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7508141 | Wong | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7510457 | Hussa-Lietz | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7511454 | Legg | Mar 2009 | B1 |
| 7541907 | Wang et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7555409 | Bhaskar et al. | Jun 2009 | B1 |
| 7555658 | Vahid et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7556563 | Ellis et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7567854 | Desmond | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7568963 | Atsmon et al. | Aug 2009 | B1 |
| 7584565 | Zebersky | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7585216 | Foster | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7596473 | Hansen et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7607962 | Hardin | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7611357 | Han et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7641477 | DiFonzo et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7645143 | Rohrbach et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7653757 | Fernald et al. | Jan 2010 | B1 |
| 7666054 | Glickman et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| D614250 | Frederiksen | Apr 2010 | S |
| 7695338 | Dooley et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7708615 | Munch | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7781979 | Lys | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7785179 | Ionescu | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7794272 | Hiatt et al. | Sep 2010 | B1 |
| 7811150 | Amireh et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7819114 | Augenbraun et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7828556 | Rodrigues | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7846002 | Mikesell et al. | Dec 2010 | B1 |
| 7887056 | Tenorio | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| D635190 | Merrill et al. | Mar 2011 | S |
| 7909697 | Zheng | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7942717 | Chou | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7952322 | Partovi et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7961113 | Rabiner et al. | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 7988561 | Lenkarski et al. | Aug 2011 | B1 |
| 7996111 | Cheng et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8016636 | Park | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8038532 | Neervoort et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8047889 | Ishii | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8052299 | Lin | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8057233 | Owen | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8061713 | Cook | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8079890 | Seligman | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8087939 | Rohrbach et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8091892 | Sternberg | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8100735 | Park | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| D658586 | Lin | May 2012 | S |
| 8187006 | Rudisill et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8221182 | Seymour et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8239597 | Wishneusky | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8243438 | Wang et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8321782 | Broucek | Nov 2012 | B1 |
| 8491312 | Rudisill et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8573596 | Gearty | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8576031 | Lauder et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8651913 | Lin | Feb 2014 | B1 |
| 8742814 | Binder | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8753163 | Gaute | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8753164 | Hansen et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8851953 | Oschuetz et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 9128661 | Zilber | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9144749 | Munch et al. | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9168464 | Karunaratne | Oct 2015 | B2 |
| 20020058235 | Dinnerstein | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020061701 | Chan | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020107075 | Stephan | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020111203 | Chi | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020186302 | Pulkinnen | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020196250 | Anderson et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030021455 | Dixon et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030148249 | Marcus et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030148700 | Arlinsky et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030162160 | Horchler et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20050003885 | Rhoten | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050049023 | Foster | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050184459 | Marantz et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050191932 | Lin | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050234592 | McGee et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050243489 | Seymour | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050245103 | Ellison | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20060041394 | Kuwayama | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060041730 | Larson | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060046605 | Piretti et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060100739 | Raffle et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060136180 | Hansen et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060154711 | Ellis et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060172787 | Ellis et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060215476 | Owen | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20070072442 | DiFonzo et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070205962 | Thompson | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070173095 | Bin-Nun et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070256337 | Segan | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070184722 | Doherty | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070262984 | Pruss | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070278740 | Mao | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080037310 | Kasahara | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080083149 | Zebersky | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080166926 | Seymour et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080224396 | Cocis et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080232061 | Wang et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080259551 | Gavenda et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080139077 | Patton | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090034169 | Richardson et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090298382 | Ochi | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090093182 | Jacobs et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090102442 | Lai | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090127785 | Kishon | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090273560 | Kalanithi | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090181595 | Song et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090189348 | Kucharski | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090214051 | Lockett et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090215357 | Seligman | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090297136 | Lin | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090305602 | Gaute | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20100017654 | Wishneusky | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100033127 | Griffin, Jr. et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100077229 | Yu | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100087119 | Vicentelli | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100151738 | Chou | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100197148 | Rudisill et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100214747 | Jacobs et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100259001 | Muller, III et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100311300 | Hansen | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100330867 | Fogel et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110059652 | Hoyack et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110097996 | Kalanithi et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110127718 | Wescom et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110151743 | Munch et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110215998 | Fitzgerald et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110221129 | Sisson et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110031689 | Binder | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110263145 | Kim | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110263177 | Lemchen | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110292618 | Naukkarinen et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110300772 | Risvig | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120069502 | Lauder et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120122059 | Schweikardt et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120135613 | Chatterjee et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120169748 | Merrill et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120200034 | Braha et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120223479 | Pabon | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120262301 | Davidson et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120270479 | Batty | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120329359 | Capriola | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130016483 | Chuang et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130050958 | Bdeir | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130069305 | Lee et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130072082 | Wizenberg et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130217294 | Karunaratne | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130301224 | Chu | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130234390 | Pabon | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130343025 | Bdeir | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20140038466 | Karodi et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140349545 | Paulson et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| 20140378023 | Muthyala et al. | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 0135633 | Apr 1985 | EP |
| 0976430 | Feb 2000 | EP |
| 1616607 | Jan 2006 | EP |
| 2 163 998 | Mar 2010 | EP |
| 2163998 | Mar 2010 | EP |
| 2629731 | Oct 1989 | FR |
| 2709427 | Mar 1995 | FR |
| 2267041 | Nov 1993 | GB |
| 2360469 | Sep 2001 | GB |
| 2398257 | Aug 2004 | GB |
| 2465339 | May 2010 | GB |
| 9428348 | Dec 1994 | WO |
| 9712349 | Apr 1997 | WO |
| 0191867 | Dec 2001 | WO |
| 2011007349 | Jan 2011 | WO |
| 2013175269 | Nov 2013 | WO |
| 2014032043 | Feb 2014 | WO |
| 2015117099 | Aug 2015 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Data Book ‘82C931 Plug and Play Integrated Audio Controller’, OPTi Inc., Milpitas, CA, USA, Doc. 912-3000-035 Revision 2.1 Aug. 1, 1997 (64 pages). |
| Application Note ‘RS-422/485 Application Note’, B&B Electronics Mfg. Co. Inc., Ottawa, IL, USA, Revised 2506 Jun. 2006 (43 pages). |
| Application Note—Integrated Circuits ‘AN170—NE555 and NE556 applications’, Philips Semiconductors, Dec. 1988 (19 pages). |
| Application Note 1031 ‘TIA/EIA—422-B Overview’, National Semiconductor Corporation AN012598, Jan. 2000 (7 pages). |
| Application Note 1057 ‘Ten Ways to Bulletproof RS-485 Interfaces’, National Semiconductor Corporation AN012882, Oct. 1996 (10 pages). |
| Data-sheet ICS9120-8 ICS9120-09 ‘Frequency Generator for Multimedia Audio Synthesis’, Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. 9120-08 9120-09 Rev C 052297P, downloaded from the Internet on 2009 (7 pages). |
| Catalog data-sheet ‘True Random Number Generation IC RPG100 / RPG100B’, FDK Corporation, Sep. 2005 (4 pages). |
| Data-sheet MAX202E-MAX213E, MAX232E-MAX241-E ‘±15kV ESD-Protected, +5V RS-232 Transceivers’, Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Sunnyvale, CA, USA, 19-0175; Rev 6; Mar. 2005 (25 pages). |
| Data-sheet MAX3030E-MAX3033E ‘±15kV ESD-Protected, 3.3V Quad RS-422 Transmitters’, Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Sunnyvale, CA, USA, 19-2671; Rev 0; Oct. 2002 (14 pages). |
| Data-sheet MAX3080-MAX3089 ‘Fail-Safe, High-Speed (10Mbps), Slew-Rate-Limited RS-485/RS-422 Transceivers’, Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Sunnyvale, CA, USA, 19-1138; Rev 3; Dec. 2005 (20 pages). |
| Data-sheet MAX3095-MAX3096 ‘±15kV ESD-Protected, 10Mbps, 3V/5V, Quad RS-422/RS-485 Receivers’, Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Sunnyvale, CA, USA, 19-0498; Rev 1; Oct. 2000 (12 pages). |
| Universal Serial Bus Specifications, Revision 1.0, Jan. 15, 1996, NTGR-SERC 012327-012594 (268 pages). |
| YMF721 Catalog No. LSI-4MF721A20 ‘YMF721 OPL4-ML2 FM+Wavetable Synthesizer LSI’, Yamaha Corporationm, Shizuoka, Japan, Jul. 10, 1997 (41 pages). |
| IEEE Std. 802.3af-2003, “Part 3: Carrier sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications, Amendment: Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) Power via Media Dependent Interface (MDI)”, 2003 (133 pages). |
| IEEE Std. 802.3at-2009, “Part 3: Carrier sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications, Amendment 3: Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) Power via Media Dependent Interface (MDI) Enhancements”, 2009 (141 pages). |
| White Paper “All You Need to Know About Power over Ethernet (PoE) and the IEEE 802.3af Standard”, by PowerDsine Ltd., 06-0002-082 May 20, 2004 (24 pages). |
| User's Manual Revision 1.0 Magnevation LLC Magnevation SpeakJet chip ‘Natural Speech & Complex Sound Synthesizer’ Jul. 27, 2004 (17 pages). |
| Data-sheet “General Purpose Timers”, Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. publication No. 19/0481 Rev.2 Nov. 1992 (8 pages). |
| Data-sheet Rev. 1.00 Holtek Semiconductor Inc. HT3834 CMOS VLSI Integrated Circuit (IC) ‘36 Melody Music Generator’ dated Nov. 2, 2006 (16 pages). |
| Data-sheet PF226-04 Epson 7910 series ‘Multi-Melody IC’ Seiko-Epson Corporation, Electronic Devices Marketing Division dated 1998 (4 pages). |
| IBM Corporation, International Technical Support Organization Redbook Document No. GG24-4756-00 “Local area Network Concepts and Products: LAN Operation Systems and management”, 1st Edition May 1996, (216 pages). |
| Cisco Systems, Inc. publication No. 1-587005-001-3 (Jun. 1999), “Internetworking Technologies Handbook”, Chapter 7: “Ethernet Technologies”, pp. 7-1 to 7-38 (38 pages). |
| Cisco Systems, Inc. publication No. 1-587005-001-3 (Jun. 1999), “Internetworking Technologies Handbook”, Chapter 20: “Wireless Technologies”, pp. 20-1 to 20-42 (42 pages). |
| ‘SIDACtor Data Book and Design Guide’, Teccor electyronics Irving, Texas, USA, 2002 (212 pages). |
| Data-sheet LS 1356 IC Bowin Electronic Company Hong-Kong, LSI-LS1356 ‘4 Digit Time with Colon Default’ Version 1.2 (Oct. 24, 2003) (6 pages). |
| Data-sheet ML2215 FEDL2215-01 OKI Semiconductor ‘Speech synthesizer plus Music LSI with On-Chip 3 Mbit Mask ROM’ May 2001 (26 pages). |
| Data-sheet UM3481 Bowin Electronic Company Hong-Kong, ‘UM3481 Series—UM3481A A Multi-Instrument Melody Generator’ REV.6-03 (4 pages). |
| Hynix Semiconductor Inc., HMS30C7202 Highly Integrated MPU (ARM based 32-bit Microprocessor) Datasheet version 1.3, copyright 2002, pp. vi, and 9. |
| International Search Report of PCT\IL2010\000627 dated Feb. 24, 2011. |
| Schweikardt E. and Gross M. D., “A Brief Survey of Distributed Compytational Toys”, 2007, The First IEEE int'l Workshop On, IEEE, PI, Mar. 1, 2007 (8 pages). |
| Gilpin et al “Miche: Modular shape Formation by Self-Disassembly” The International Journal of Robotics Research, 27:3-4 (Mar. 2008). |
| Stoy et al “Modular Robotics: The State of the Art” Proceedings of the IEEE 2010 International Conference on Robotics and Automation Workshop 1-115 (May 2010). |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability (IPRP) of PCT/IL2010/000559 dated Jan. 12, 2012. |
| Communication from the EPO Examining Division in EP No. 10751716.1 dated Jun. 7, 2013. |
| Ben Erwin et al., “Lego Engineer and RoboLab: Teaching Engineering with LabVIEW from kindergarten to Graduate School”, Center for Engineering Education Outeach, Int. J. Engng Ed. vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 181-192, 2000 (12 pages). |
| Jim Gindling et al, “LEGOsheets: A Rule-Based Programminf, Simulation and Manipolation Environment for the LEGO Programmable Brick”, University of Colorado, (8 pages). |
| Hideyuki Suzuki and Hiroshi Kato, AlgoBlock: a Tangible Programming Language—a Tool for Collaborative Learning, Retrieved on Jun. 27, 2016 (10 pages). |
| David W. Hogg et al, Braitenberg Creatures, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Media Laboratory, E&L Memo No. 13, Jun. 1991 (11 pages). |
| Perlman Radia, TORTIS (Toddler's Own Recursive Turtle Interpreter System), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, LOGO-9, Mar. 1974 (11 pages). |
| Michael S. Horn and Robert J.K. Jacob, Designing Tangible Programming Languages for Classroom Use, ACM, 2007 (3 pages). |
| Michael Horn and Robert J.K. Jacob, Tangible Programming in the Classroom with Tern, CHI 2007, Apr. 28-May 3, 2007, San Jose, USA, ACM 978-1-59593-642-04/07/0004 (6 pages). |
| Seymour Papert, Mindstorms, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Apr. 1980 (99 pages). |
| Hayes Solos Raffl e, Amanda J. Parkes and Hiroshi Ishii, Topobo: A Constructive Assembly System with Kinetic Memory, CHI 2004, Apr. 24-29, 2004, Vienna, Austria, ACM 1-58113-702-8/04/0004 (8 pages). |
| Aman Sipitakiat, Nusarin Nusen, Robo-Blocks: designing debugging abilities in a tangible programming system for early primary school children, Jan. 2012, Retrieved on: Jun. 30, 2016. |
| Daniel Gallardo, Caries F. Julia and Sergi Jorda, TurTan: a Tangible Programming Language for Creative Exploration, Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Ocata 1, 08003 Barcelona (4 pages). |
| Timothy S. McNerney, Tangible Computation Bricks: Building-blocks for physical Microworlds, CHI 2001, Version Sep. 11, 2000 (6 pages). |
| Mitchel Resnick et al., Digital Manipulatives: New Toys to Think With, CHI '98 conference (12 pages). |
| Duff, D. G. et al, “Evolution of PolyBot: A Modular reconfigurable Robot”, 2002 (7 pages). |
| Jantapremjit, P. and Austin, D., “Design of a Modular Self-Reconfigurable Robot”, Proc. 2001 Australian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Sydney, Nov. 14-15, 2001 (6 pages). |
| Schweikardt E. and Gross M. D., “roBlocks: A Robotic Construction Kit for Mathematics and Science Education”, ICMI '06, Nov. 2-4, 2006, Banff, Alberta, Canada (4 pages). |
| Yim, M., White P., Park M., and Sastra J., “Modular Self-Reconfiguable Robots”, Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 2009, pp. 19-32 (15 pages). |
| Schweikardt E. and Gross M. D., “Learning about Complexity with Modular Robots”, 2008 Second IEEE int'l Conference On, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA, Nov. 17, 2008 (8 pages). |
| Schweikardt E. and Gross M. D., “The Robot is the Program: Interacting with roBlocks”, 2008 (2 pages). |
| International Search Report of PCT/IL2010/000559 dated Nov. 16, 2010. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20190027929 A1 | Jan 2019 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61267595 | Dec 2009 | US | |
| 61254882 | Oct 2009 | US | |
| 61225756 | Jul 2009 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15060620 | Mar 2016 | US |
| Child | 16038672 | US | |
| Parent | 14268058 | May 2014 | US |
| Child | 15060620 | US | |
| Parent | 12712673 | Feb 2010 | US |
| Child | 14268058 | US |
