Patent Grant
11189202
A summary of certain embodiments disclosed herein is set forth below. It should be understood that these aspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief summary of these certain embodiments and that these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Indeed, this disclosure may encompass a variety of aspects that may not be set forth below.
To reduce or correct for these non-uniformities, pixel performance may be externally sensed and compensated. Methods and systems for reducing non-uniform properties of a display may include use of a non-uniformity correction system. A non-uniformity correction system may include sensing a parameter, comparing the measured parameter value to an expected measured parameter value to determine a measurement error, and performing measurement error correction techniques (e.g., to filter out influence from an undesired factor, such as temperature). However, measurement errors between sensing locations may influence measurement errors in nearby sensing locations exaggerated by an interaction between temporal integrating and spatial filtering used in some error correction techniques. Thus, systems and methods for reducing diffused measurement errors from temporal integrating and spatial filtering may provide immense value.
To elaborate, spatial filtering may occur over measurement areas and errors in spatial filtering associated with a measurement area may propagate into nearby measurement areas and introduce noise. This noise may be exaggerated during temporal integration and may not permit or delay convergence of a non-uniformity correction system (e.g., sequentially coupled spatial filter and temporal integrator) to a steady compensated error value (e.g., constant error value, zero).
For example, during a calibration period of a display, known test signals (e.g., voltage signal, current signal) are transmitted to pixels of the display. These test signals are to elicit an expected response, however, the signals may not cause the expected response due to the various sources of non-uniformities described earlier. Thus, a measurement error between a measured pixel parameter value (e.g., measured after the test signal is transmitted) and an expected pixel parameter value may be used to adjust display operation to compensate for detected non-uniformities in the display.
With the foregoing in mind, the detected error between the measured pixel parameter value and the expected pixel parameter value may be transmitted through a non-uniformity correction system. For example, a measurement error may undergo temporal integration and spatial filtering prior to facilitate error correction operations. Spatial filtering may be a method for improving signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) through averaging sensing data and/or calculated measurement errors over space (e.g., a display space defined through multiple sensing areas, for example, in a grid or regular design). Temporal filtering may be a method for improving SNRs through averaging or integrating sensing data and/or calculated error over time (e.g., between different image frames). Spatial filtering operations and temporal integration operations may be sequentially performed, where the measurement error undergoes spatial filtering before undergoing temporal integration.
This sequential processing may cause measurement errors to be inaccurate because additional errors may be introduced into the error measurement across a region during spatial filtering operations and exaggerated over time by performing the temporal integration operations. This phenome is also referred to as spatial crosstalk. Because the sequential processing relies on previously measured values to perform the correction (e.g., hysteresis), the spatial filtering operations and the temporal integration operations may cause slow convergence and control loop instability, which may lengthen a time used to perform the correction (e.g., while a processor waits for the compensated error value to converge). In addition, this arrangement may lead to an unstable system at high spatial frequencies since the non-uniformity correction system that behaves like an infinite impulse response (IIR) system at both low and high spatial frequencies due to the feedback of the measured values. An IIR system that is inherently unstable does not settle to a constant value over time like a stable system might, and thus the non-uniformity correction system may become unstable over time.
Keeping this in mind, the present disclosure describes an electronic display that performs the spatial filtering and the temporal integration operations within a same feedback loop by leveraging an embedded spatial filter as a component of a spatially leaking temporal integrator. Thus, the spatial crosstalk described above may be negated, reduced, or eliminated if the spatial filtering and the temporal integration operations are performed within the same integration feedback loop, as compared to using the spatial filtering output as an integrating feedback loop input to perform the temporal filtering and integration. In this way, when the spatial filter uses the same previous compensated error as the temporal integration, additional errors propagated to nearby pixels may not be exaggerated over time via temporal integration. As a result, the hysteresis effect and spatial crosstalk may be reduced, and the non-uniformity correction system output may converge to a final compensated error value more efficiently and/or faster than when spatial filtering and temporal integration are sequentially performed.
In addition, these methods and systems for compensating for non-uniformities between pixels of an electronic display may improve the visual appearance of an electronic display by reducing perceivable visual artifacts. The systems to perform the compensation, error measurement, and/or error processing may be inside or outside of an electronic display and/or an active area of the electronic display, and thus may provide a form of internal or external compensation. The compensation may take place in a digital domain or an analog domain, and the net result may produce an adjusted electrical signal that may be transmitted to each pixel of the electronic display before the electrical signal is used to cause the pixel to emit light. Because the adjusted electrical signal has been compensated to account for the non-uniformities of the pixels caused by additional error propagation during non-uniformity correction operations, the images resulting from the electrical signals to the pixels may substantially reduce or eliminate visual artifacts and increase uniformity across the electronic display.
Various aspects of this disclosure may be better understood upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which:
One or more specific embodiments will be described below. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of an actual implementation are described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions are made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.
When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present disclosure, the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Additionally, it should be understood that references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features.
The present disclosure relates generally to techniques for improving error correction operations associated with pixels of an electronic display. Electronic di splays are found in numerous electronic devices, from mobile phones to computers, televisions, automobile dashboards, and many more. Individual pixels of the electronic display may collectively produce images by permitting different amounts of light to be emitted from each pixel. This may occur by self-emission as in the case of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), or by selectively providing light from another light source as in the case of a digital micromirror device or liquid crystal display. These electronic displays sometimes do not emit light equally between portions or between pixels of the electronic display, for example, due at least in part to pixel non-uniformity caused by differences in component age, operating temperatures, material properties of pixel components, and the like. Moreover, in some cases, pixel non-uniformity is also caused by noise or interference introduced into signals transmitted to the pixel to display an image, for example, distortions caused by travel through space or time, distortion caused by image data being transmitted to adjacent pixels, or the like. The non-uniformity between pixels and/or portions of the electronic display may manifest as visual artifacts due to different pixels or areas of the electronic display emitting visibly different amounts of light. Thus, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to error correction techniques for use in non-uniformity correction operations.
To use these techniques, in one embodiment, a controller may measure a pixel parameter, such as voltage, current, temperature, or the like, as a part of a calibration activity that uses test signals to test or verify pixel performance. This pixel parameter may be any suitable value indicative of pixel performance, for example, a data voltage, a frequency of a control signal used to perform switching, a threshold voltage of a light-emitting diode (LED), a threshold voltage of a transistor associated with the pixel, or the like. Generally, the pixel parameter may be adjusted to facilitate uniform display of an image. The pixel parameter may be adjusted based on a difference between a measured pixel parameter value in response to a test signal and an expected pixel parameter value for the test signal. The difference may be used to determine a measurement error, which is to be processed to account for noise and sensed value errors associated with determining the measurement error and/or measuring the pixel parameter. The processing may include transmitting the measurement error as an input for spatial filtering operations and then transmitting the filtered measurement error as an input for temporal integration operations. In this way, a pixel disposed in a location far from an originating location of electrical signals corresponding to image data (e.g., a display component responsible at least in part for generating driving currents or voltages corresponding to an image to be presented) may display the same electrical signal differently than a pixel disposed closer to the originating location of the electrical signals due to noise and distortions introduced into the electrical signals through transmission. Similarly, a particular measurement may be distorted due to similar transmission distortions.
In some embodiments, to correct for the distortion of the measurement error, a controller may determine a residual error (e.g., a first residual error) indicative of the change over time (e.g., a change over two error correction operations) between the measurement error (e.g., measured at time t) and a most recent previous compensated error (e.g., originating from a measurement error previously measured at time t−1). After determining the residual error, as described herein, instead of sequentially performing the spatial filtering and then the temporal integration, the controller may add the most recent previous compensated error back to the residual error to generate the input (e.g., a second residual error) for a temporal integrator (e.g., temporal integration operations) with an embedded spatial filter (e.g., embedded spatial filtering operations). In this way, the controller may input the residual error (based on the measurement error) to a spatially leaking temporal integrator (e.g., a temporal filtering integrator with an embedded spatial filter and a feedback loop) to determine a compensated error associated with the pixel parameter and the individual response of a pixel to a test signal. The controller may save the compensated error output, along with an indication of a time recorded or of the time of measurement. The controller may then transmit the compensated error output to be used in a subsequent calculations or adjustments.
A controller operating in the way described above may enable a non-uniformity correction system to operate at a stable state at low spatial frequencies as well as high spatial frequencies. A general description of suitable electronic devices that uses non-uniformity correction operations to calibrate and compensate for non-uniform pixel properties, and that display images through emission of light from light-emitting components, such as a LED (e.g., an OLED) display, and corresponding circuitry are provided in this disclosure. It should be understood that a variety of electronic devices, electronic displays, and electronic display technologies may be used to implement the techniques described here.
One example of a suitable electronic device is shown in
The processing core complex 12 of the electronic device 10 may perform various data processing operations, including generating and/or processing image data for presentation on the display 18 such as in coordination with a controller of the display 18 to perform measurement error correction operations and/or non-uniformity correction operations, in combination with the storage devices 14. For example, instructions that are executed by the processing core complex 12 may be stored on the storage devices 14. The storage devices 14 may include volatile and/or non-volatile memory. By way of example, the storage devices 14 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, a hard drive, and so forth.
The electronic device 10 may use the communication interfaces 16 to communicate with various other electronic devices or elements. The communication interface 16 may include input/output (I/O) interfaces and/or network interfaces. Such network interfaces may include those for a personal area network (PAN) such as Bluetooth, a local area network (LAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN) such as Wi-Fi, and/or a wide area network (WAN) such as a cellular network.
Using pixels containing LEDs (e.g., OLEDs), the display 18 may show images generated by the processing core complex 12. The display 18 may include touchscreen functionality for users to interact with a user interface appearing on the display 18. Input structures 20 may also enable a user to interact with the electronic device 10. In some examples, the input structures 20 may represent hardware buttons, which may include volume buttons or a hardware keypad. The power supply 22 may include any suitable source of power for the electronic device 10. This may include a battery within the electronic device 10 and/or a power conversion device to accept alternating current (AC) power from a power outlet.
As may be appreciated, the electronic device 10 may take a number of different forms.
The electronic device 10 may also take the form of a tablet device 40.
Each of these embodiments of the electronic device 10 may include a pixel array.
The scan lines S0, S1, . . . , and Sm and driving lines D0, D1, . . . , and Dm may connect the power driver 86A to the pixel 82. The pixel 82 may receive on/off instructions through the scan lines S0, S1, . . . , and Sm and may generate programming voltages corresponding to data voltages transmitted from the driving lines D0, D1, . . . , and Dm. The programming voltages may transmit to each pixel 82 to emit light according to instructions from the image driver 86B through driving lines M0, M1, and Mn. Both the power driver 86A and the image driver 86B may transmit voltage signals at programmed voltages through respective driving lines to operate each pixel 82 at a state determined by the controller 84 to emit light. Each driver may supply voltage signals at a duty cycle and/or an amplitude sufficient to operate each pixel 82.
The intensities of each pixel 82 may be defined by corresponding image data. In this way, a first brightness of light may emit from a pixel 82 in response to a first value of the image data and the pixel 82 may emit a second brightness of light in response to a second value of the image data. Thus, image data may create a perceivable image output through indicating light intensities to apply to individual pixels 82 via generated electrical signals.
The controller 84 may retrieve image data stored in the storage devices 14 indicative of light intensities for the colored light outputs for the pixels 82. In some embodiments, the processing core complex 12 may provide image data directly to the controller 84 that may have been adjusted based on a compensated error value determined through error correction operations, such as to adjust driving electrical signals to compensate for non-uniform display 18 properties as part of non-uniformity correction operations and/or the controller 84 may operate the drivers 86 to perform the adjustments. In this way, the controller 84 may facilitate a control loop associated with correction operations (e.g., a measurement system that works with sensing circuitry to measure one or more pixel parameters for use in determining a measurement error) to adjust pixel parameters in response to measurement errors and/or compensated error values. The controller 84 may control the pixel 82 by using control signals to control particular controllable elements of the pixel 82.
The pixel 82 may include any suitable controllable element, such as a transistor, one example of which is a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). In some embodiments, the driving circuitry of the pixel 82 includes one or more transistors responsive to electrical signals transmitted by the controller 84 to cause light transmission at a particular gray level. It should be understood that any other suitable type of controllable elements, including thin film transistors (TFTs), p-type and/or n-type MOSFETs, and other transistor types, may also be used.
As shown in inset graph 92, a particular sensing operation, represented by line 94, may have the highest amount of measurement error at the sensing location 91, with the amount of measurement error steadily decreasing in both directions of the sensing row 90 from the sensing location 91. However, in the actual case, the particular sensing operation, represented by line 96, may actually have the highest amount of measurement error centered at the sensing location 91 and the amount of measurement error may oscillate away from the sensing location 91 toward other nearby sensing locations included (not depicted) within the sensing row 90. In other words, factors causing the measurement error at one sensing location 91 may propagate to nearby sensing locations 91. For example, measured and/or transmitted signals to the sensing location 91 may cause interference to signals measured and/or transmitted to other nearby sensing locations 91, thereby affecting sensing operations for the other nearby sensing locations (e.g., nearby pixels 82, not depicted). One example of this is spatial crosstalk, as discussed above.
To elaborate, the non-uniformity correction system represented by the diagram 120 may not operate as a finite impulse response (FIR) system and instead may operate as an infinite impulse response (IIR) system. A FIR system may settle in response to an impulse signal transmitted into the control loop while an IIR system may not settle over time in response to the same impulse signal. In this way, a controller using an IIR system (e.g., diagram 120) to perform the error correction may cause continual error correction since the value may not converge.
The ability of a system to settle, or converge, over time is related at least in part to the overall system stability. In the diagram 120, the corresponding closed loop transfer function 127 has an eigenvalue of +(1-Hpre). Since the Hpre value is constant associated with the spatial filtering, this eigenvalue is not adjustable to make the system stable, and thus at high frequencies (e.g., temporal frequencies, spatial frequencies) the system is stable but at low frequencies the system is unstable. In instances, like this, where operations used within the control loops are unable to be changed (e.g., adjust eigenvalues to promote system stability), designing a system to be inherently stable is desired.
When the spatial filtering is performed within the same inner control loop as the temporal integration, as shown in the diagram 121, the measurement system may become more stable when compared to the measurement system of the diagram 120 and converge to a stable compensated error value over time. The control flow of diagram 121 corresponds to a closed loop transfer function 128 that has an eigenvalue of 0, and thus is stable at both low and high frequencies. Because the measurement system associated with the diagram 121 is stable, compensated error output 132 value may converge over time for use in error correction, thus may be used to minimize spatial crosstalk effects on error correction operations. Thus, a non-uniformity correction system based on the diagram 121 may enable the compensated error output 132 to settle over time to a constant value, such as zero, as opposed to the compensated error output 130 from an IIR system that may not settle over time to a constant value due to system instabilities.
It should be noted that feedback path 133A and feedback path 133B used to transmit the compensated error for subtraction and addition with the measurement error input 124 may enable the IIR system behaviors to be cancelled to create a stable system. Thus, using a FIR system, or a system that is designed to behave like a FIR system, may improve error correction techniques because a FIR system may permit compensated error values associated with pixel operation to converge to a constant value over time.
In view of the discussion above, it should be noted that some embodiments of correction control loops may include additional corrections or processing that may change the value of the eigenvalues to values different from those listed above. It should also be appreciated that although particular components are not depicted, the control flow diagram 120 and/or the control flow diagram 121 may be implemented by one or more software and/or hardware components in a variety of suitable locations or components. For example, a main processor (e.g., processing core complex 12) and/or a local processor (e.g., controller 84) to a display 18 may host circuitry to provide a spatially leaking temporal integrator 122 for error correction operations. In addition, spatially leaking temporal integrator 122 circuitry may be located within the display 18 or may be located external to the display 18. Furthermore, some or all of the error correction operations may be cooperative with operation of a display pipe, that is, associated with a processor responsible for processing and queuing one or more image frames for future display. This display pipe may be located within the display 18 or external to the display 18, or any combination thereof.
To elaborate on using circuitry described with the diagram 121,
Referring now to
At block 144, the controller 84 may compare the measured pixel parameter to a parameter set point to determine a measurement error input 124. The parameter set point may be a value indicative of a desired operating value of the pixel parameter. For example, if the pixel parameter is a voltage, the measured pixel parameter value may be compared to a voltage set point indicative of a desired operation. This comparison may be performed through any suitable hardware or software means.
At block 146, the controller 84 receives a previous compensated error, E(t−1). In some embodiments, the controller 84 may retrieve the previous compensated error from a storage device 14 or other suitable memory. The previous compensated error represents a previous correction value output that resulted from a most recently performed correction operation, and, implicitly, a most recently used correction used in correction of a previous pixel parameter. The controller 84 may receive the previous compensated error and temporality store the value in memory, such as a volatile memory, to maintain access to the data.
After receiving the previous compensated error, the controller 84, at block 148, may subtract the measurement error input 124 and the previous compensated error to determine a first residual error, and may add the first residual error to the previous compensated error to determine a second residual error. This action occurs at the summation nodes (e.g., summation node 123) diagrammed within the diagram 121. Referring back to
At block 150, the controller 84 applies temporal integration and an embedded spatial filter (e.g., a spatially leaking temporal integrator 122 including temporal filter 126, spatial filter 125, and feedback path 133A) to the second residual error to create a current compensated error, E(t). The temporal integration and embedded spatial filter may be any suitable correction that is applied to each pixel, or each sensing grid in the case of multiple pixels to correct for pixel hysteresis, signal distortion due to spatial crosstalk, signal distortions due to transmission through time, signal distortions due to transmission through space, or the like. Performing the spatial filtering using the second residual error instead of the first residual error (e.g., the difference between the measurement error input 124 and the previous compensated error) facilitates stabilizing the measurement system such that a final compensated error is able to converge to a stable value over multiple corrections and/or over time.
After applying the spatially leaking temporal integrator, at block 152, the controller 84 saves an indication of the current compensated error determined at block 150 to memory or the storage device 14 for future reference. As shown at block 146, the current compensated error is referenced as a previous compensated error in future correction determinations, in this way saving this value facilitates future determinations. In addition, the indication of the current compensated error may be used to determine if the value of the current compensated error converged to a substantially constant value (e.g., zero). It may be desirable to wait to transmit electrical signals corresponding to image data (e.g., not testing signals) to the pixel 82 until the current compensated error converges to a constant error value. Waiting for the current compensated error to converge to a constant amount over time, and permitting multiple iterations of spatial and temporal filtering to occur, may reduce the chance of an unsuitable over- or under-correction occurring.
At block 154, the controller 84 may output the current compensated error for use in a next determination of a compensated error. The controller 84 may output a converged current compensated error or a non-converged compensated error based on the number of iterations of the method 140 have been performed and based on specifics of the measurement system (e.g., specifics that define characteristics of the transfer function indicative of the measurement system). If the measurement system has not been given enough time, or repeated enough times, to have the current compensated error converge to a substantially constant value, the controller 84 may output a non-converged value as the current compensated error. However, if the current compensated error has converged, the controller 84 outputs a converged value as the current compensated error.
At block 156, the controller 84 may output the current compensated error for correction processing of the pixel parameter. The outputting may occur before, during, or after the current compensated error converges to a substantially constant value, as described above. The current compensated error may be used in correction processing of the pixel parameter. Using the current compensated error in pixel parameter adjustments may improve adjustment techniques because the current compensated error represents the compensated error of the pixel parameter measurement, that is, the error value without additional influences affecting the value of the measurement error input 124. This may lead to more accurate pixel parameter adjustments, and ultimately an improved image quality on the display 18.
To help describe the correction processing of the pixel parameter,
Referring now to
At block 164, the controller 84 may determine a correction (e.g., adjustment) based on the current compensated error, E(t). This correction may correspond to an amount or a type of adjustment to apply to the pixel parameter (e.g., measured at block 142) to fix, or correct, differences between the pixel parameter and the desired pixel parameter set point based on the compensated error determined through the method 140. In this way, the adjustment to the pixel parameter is determined based at least in part on the determined compensated error (e.g., output at block 156), the measured pixel parameter (e.g., measured at block 142), and the desired pixel parameter. The correction may be any suitable control signal or data transmitted to the pixel 82, or any suitable control action. For example, a controller 84 may change a gray level the pixel 82 emits, change a frequency of enabling one or more control signals, change one or more voltages transmitted to the pixel 82, change one or more currents transmitted to the pixel 82, or the like. In addition, the correction may be based at least in part on additional information, such as data stored in a look-up table, a current-voltage (I-V) curve indicative of the response (e.g., generated voltage) of driving circuitry of a pixel 82 to a current input, or the like.
After determining the correction, at block 166, the controller 84 may apply or perform the correction determined at block 164. The controller 84 may apply the correction by changing states or signal properties of one or more control signals transmitted to the pixel 82 and/or any other suitable component of the display 18 to affect the perceived brightness of the pixel 82. In addition, the controller 84 may change the pixel parameter measured based at least in part on the filtered correction value.
In some embodiments, after applying the correction, at block 168, the controller 84 may transmit an indication that the correction has been applied. This indication may be transmitted to a sub-component responsible for restarting the error measurement, or may initiate a new error measurement when suitable during display 18 operation.
In addition, after applying the correction, at block 170, the controller 84 may repeat the method 140 to determine a next compensated error, E(t+1), using additional test data or signals. The controller 84 may continue to repeat method 140 and method 160 until a compensated error converges to a constant value, or substantially constant value. In some embodiments, the determination of the next compensated error and the subsequent pixel parameter correction may occur on a periodic basis (e.g., a predetermined time interval) and/or in response to an indication transmitted from a monitoring component, an input structure 20, or the like. In this way, the controller 84 may self-manage the correction process or may perform the correction and/or calibration process in response to received control signals.
To highlight effects of using a spatially leaking temporal integrator,
In some embodiments, a pixel parameter associated with more than one pixel 82 is measured via sensing locations (e.g., sensing location 91). In this way, a pixel parameter may be analyzed on a grouping or subset of pixels 82 basis to reduce an amount of bandwidth or an amount of processing resources used to determine a compensated error value. For example, less processing resources may be used for determining a compensated error value for ten pixels 82 than determining ten compensated error values for ten pixels 82. Consolidating the analysis of measurement error based on groupings of pixels 82 may be suitable if the groupings of pixels 82 do not have significant variation between characteristics of the pixels 82, for example, a group of pixels 82 may have similar positions on a display 18, emit similar levels of light, operate in similar thermal conditions, or the like. Groups of pixels 82 including groupings based at least in part on rows, columns, or similar portions of the display 18. These groupings of pixels 82 to form a sensing location 91 may include any suitable number of pixels 82 organized in any suitable geometry, including and not limited to one pixel 82, multiple pixels 82 associated with a same row of pixels 82, multiple pixels 82 associated with a same column of pixels 82, multiple pixels 82 corresponding to a region or area of pixels 82 on a display 18, or the like.
Thus, the technical effects of the present disclosure include improvements to compensation techniques of electronic displays for correcting non-uniform pixel properties caused by non-uniform errors introduced into pixel parameters during transmission or operation of the pixel by a controller. The compensation techniques may include determining a measurement error through error correction operations that include a spatially leaking temporal integrator. These techniques describe performing spatial filtering based on a residual error inputted to the temporal integrator, instead of performing spatial filtering before the residual error undergoes temporal integration. These techniques describe an improved manner to detect and correct for measurement errors because through using the spatially leaking temporal integrator compensated error values converge faster than when spatial filtering and temporal integration are sequentially performed.
The specific embodiments described above have been shown by way of example, and it should be understood that these embodiments may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms. It should be further understood that the claims are not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed, but rather to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of this disclosure.
The techniques presented and claimed herein are referenced and applied to material objects and concrete examples of a practical nature that demonstrably improve the present technical field and, as such, are not abstract, intangible or purely theoretical. Further, if any claims appended to the end of this specification contain one or more elements designated as “means for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ” or “step for [perform]ing [a function] . . . ”, it is intended that such elements are to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f). However, for any claims containing elements designated in any other manner, it is intended that such elements are not to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f).
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/732,294, entitled “Spatially Leaking Temporal Integrator for Pixel Compensation,” filed on Sep. 17, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20050157791 | Sun | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20180005557 | Chaji | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20190266935 | Roever | Aug 2019 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62732294 | Sep 2018 | US |
