Patent Application
20130297199
One or more embodiments of the inventive subject matter described herein relate to a powered system, such as a train, an off-highway vehicle, a marine, a transport vehicle, or an agriculture vehicle, such as a method and/or computer software code for improved fuel efficiency, emission output, vehicle performance, infrastructure, and/or environment mission performance of the powered system. Additionally, the presently described inventive subject matter relates to systems or methods that are used to determine a route a vehicle is to follow on a road, track, or route network. At least one embodiment, relates to systems or methods that utilize data relative to a route networks to predict, and if necessary adapt, a predicted route to optimize fuel efficiency during a planned trip or mission of the vehicle.
Some powered systems such as, but not limited to, off-highway vehicles, marine diesel powered propulsion plants, transport vehicles such as transport buses, agricultural vehicles, and rail vehicle systems or trains, typically are powered by one or more power units, such as diesel-fueled power generating units. With respect to rail vehicle systems, a power or powered unit is usually a part of or represents at least one locomotive powered by at least one internal combustion engine (e.g., a diesel engine) and the rail vehicle system further includes a plurality of non-powered units, such as rail cars (e.g., freight cars). More than one powered unit can be provided where the powered units are considered part of a consist.
An operator is usually aboard a powered unit to insure the proper operation of the powered unit, and when there is a consist of the powered units, the operator is usually aboard a lead powered unit. A powered unit consist is a group of powered units that operate together in operating (e.g., propelling) a vehicle, such as a rail vehicle, that includes the powered unit. In addition to ensuring proper operations of the powered unit or powered unit consist, the operator also is responsible for determining operating speeds of the vehicle and forces within the vehicle that the powered units are part of. To perform this function, the operator generally has experience with operating the powered unit and various vehicles over the specified terrain. This knowledge is used to comply with prescribeable operating parameters, such as speeds, emissions, and the like, that may vary with the location of the vehicle along a route. Moreover, the operator can be responsible for assuring in-vehicle forces (e.g., coupling forces between neighboring cars and/or locomotives in a train) remain within acceptable limits.
In marine applications, an operator can be aboard a marine vehicle to insure the proper operation of the vessel, and when there is a vessel consist, the lead operator may be aboard a lead vessel. As with the example described above, a vessel consist can include a group of vessels that operate together in operating a combined mission or trip. In addition to ensuring proper operations of the vessel, or vessel consist, the lead operator can be responsible for determining operating speeds of the consist and forces within the consist of which the vessels are part. To perform this function, the operator has experience with operating the vessel and various consists over the specified waterway or mission. This knowledge is used to comply with prescribeable operating speeds and other mission or trip parameters that may vary with the vessel location along the mission. Moreover, the operator is may ensure mission forces (e.g., forces between the vessels) and location remain within acceptable limits.
In the case of multiple diesel power powered systems, which by way of example and limitation, may reside on a single vessel, power plant, vehicle, or power plant sets, an operator may be in command of the overall system to ensure the proper operation of the system, and when there is a system consist, the operator may be onboard a lead system. Defined generally, a system consist includes a group of powered systems that operate together in meeting a mission. In addition to ensuring proper operations of the single system, or system consist, the operator can be responsible for determining operating parameters of the system set and forces within the set of which the system is a part. To perform this function, the operator can have experience with operating the system and various sets over the specified space and mission. This knowledge is used to comply with prescribeable operating parameters and speeds that may vary with the system set location along the route. Moreover, the operator can be responsible for ensuring that in-set forces (e.g., forces between different components of the set) remain within acceptable limits.
However, with respect to a powered unit (e.g., a locomotive), even with knowledge to assure safe operation, the operator may be unable to operate the powered unit so that the fuel consumption is minimized or reduced for each trip. For example, other factors that must be considered may include emission output, environmental conditions (e.g., noise/vibration, a weighted combination of fuel consumption and emissions output, and the like). This can be difficult to do since, as an example, the size and loading of vehicles can vary, powered units and the associated fuel/emissions characteristics can be different, and/or weather and traffic conditions can vary over the course of a trip.
A vehicle owner may own a plurality of vehicles (e.g., trains) where the vehicles operate over a network of routes (e.g., railroad tracks). Because of the integration of multiple vehicles running concurrently within the network of such routes, scheduling issues may be considered with respect to vehicle operations, the owners could benefit from a way to improve fuel efficiency and emission output so as to save on overall fuel consumption while reducing emission output of multiple vehicles while meeting time constraints on the mission or trip.
Likewise, owners and/or operators of off-highway vehicles, transportation vehicles, agricultural vehicles, marine powered propulsion plants, and/or stationary diesel powered systems may realize financial benefits when such powered systems have increased fuel efficiency, reduced emission output, improved fleet efficiency, and/or improved mission parameter performance so as to save on overall fuel consumption while reducing emission output and meeting operating constraints, such as but not limited to mission or trip time constraints.
Transportation networks (e.g., railways) are relatively complex systems that can include an extensive network of routes (e.g., railroad tracks) having multiple vehicles concurrently operating or traveling on the routes at any given time. The transportation network can be divided into multiple regions with a dispatcher assigned to monitor the movement of vehicles in a respective region of the network. When an operator (e.g., engineer) on a vehicle (e.g., train) is ready operate and move a vehicle on a transportation network, the engineer can call the dispatcher and identify the vehicle to announce the vehicle is prepared to start. Taking into account various factors such as network routing rules, origin and/or destination of the vehicle, speed restrictions and maintenance locations, and the like, the dispatcher develops a route that is divided into multiple route segments.
Usually, the route segments are generated in about fifteen to thirty mile increments. Signals from the dispatch center are transmitted to route field equipment such as signal lights, switches, etc. The field equipment is activated to essentially define a segment of the route the vehicle is following. For example, switches may be activated to move the vehicle to another route, or signals may be generated that are representative of the route that the vehicle is traveling on and/or the speed limit for one or more sections of the route. In response to the field equipment signals and/or in response to verbal commands of the dispatcher, the engineer or operator of the vehicle can control the speed of the vehicle on the route.
The engineer or operator may be concerned with the speed that the vehicle is traveling on the route and arriving at the destination at a desired (e.g., scheduled) time. During the course of the trip, an engineer or operator may make decisions to either slow the vehicle, or increase the power output or speed of the vehicle. Some of these decisions may be dictated solely on the engineer or operator seeing that the vehicle arrives at its destination on time. Accordingly, these decisions may compromise fuel consumption of the vehicle and powered units of the vehicle.
Some railroads have incorporated at dispatch stations movement planner systems for controlling the movement of a plurality of rail vehicles on a track network. Dispatch stations may use these systems to configure segments of a train route. As described above, only segments of the entire route are communicated to the track field equipment, responsive to which the engineer manually or a train controller automatically controls the speed of the train.
Presently, there is no known system or method disposed onboard a powered unit of a vehicle or on the vehicle for predicting an entire route of the vehicle from an origin (e.g., scheduled departure location or a current location on route to a destination location) to a destination (e.g., a final location of a trip or an intermediate location on the way to the final location of the trip). Additionally, there is no known system or method that considers the existing rules of the routes to be traveled on and/or other factors in predicting a route of the vehicle to a destination. Moreover, there is no known system or method that predicts a route of a vehicle (which may involve considering the existing rules of the route) to develop a fuel efficient throttle position strategy for travel of the vehicle from origin to destination.
The presently described inventive subject matter describes a system that is onboard a vehicle and is used for predicting a route to be traveled by the vehicle using a route network database. A computer system, having a memory, is linked to one or more vehicles in a fleet of vehicles that follow one or more routes in a route network and the routes are determined by one or more dispatchers. In an embodiment, the computer system may be onboard the vehicle. A database is stored in the memory and comprises data representative of information of the route network including a series of interconnected route segments and a set of routing rules followed by the dispatcher for determining an authorized route the vehicle shall follow. The routing rules include speed restrictions for each route segment. In an embodiment used with trains and locomotives, the database may include a track network made of interconnecting track segments and locations of stations in the track network and the track segments at the stations for entering and exiting a station.
An input mechanism may be provided for inputting data representative of an origination location of the vehicle and one or more destinations of the vehicle. In addition, temporary speed restrictions and route maintenance schedules are entered. A processor in the computer system can be programmed with a route generation algorithm to take the data representative of the origination location and destination location of the vehicle, and access the database to generate a predicted route that is a prediction of a route that a dispatcher may authorize according to the set of routing rules for the vehicle to follow from the origination location to the destination location. In one embodiment, a predicted route may include the identification of each route segment the vehicle is to travel on and the speed at which vehicle is to travel for each route segment.
In one embodiment, the processor is configured to change the predicted route if the vehicle diverges onto an off-route segment. Data representative of the authorized route the vehicle is following, or data representative of route segments the vehicle will follow, is received by the processor to change the predicted route to an alternate predicted route in the event the vehicle diverges or will diverge from a route segment on the predicted route to an off-route segment, the alternate predicted route defined by a starting location, which is the off-route segment, and the destination.
In another embodiment, the system and method are implemented as a component of a routing system that is used to “optimize” the efficiency of fuel consumption and/or “minimize” the emission output or travel time of the vehicle by factoring operation and physical characteristics of the vehicle and physical characteristics of the route segments. As used herein, the term “optimize” and various forms thereof is intended to mean that a characteristic, parameter, condition, output, and the like, is improved, but not necessarily maximized or minimized (although optimizing may include such maximizing or minimizing). For example, optimizing fuel efficiency or emissions generation may mean increasing the fuel efficiency of a vehicle or reducing the emissions generated by the vehicle, but not necessarily achieving the greatest possible fuel efficiency or the lowest possible emissions generated. Additionally, as used herein, the terms “maximize” and “minimize” and various forms thereof are intended to mean that a characteristic, parameter, condition, output, and the like, is increased or decreased, respectively, but not necessarily maximized or minimized to the greatest or smallest possible value. For example, maximizing fuel efficiency or minimizing fuel consumption may mean decreasing the amount of fuel consumed by the vehicle, but not necessarily eliminating all fuel consumed by the vehicle.
By predicting the authorized route the vehicle, the computer system develops a strategy for controlling the speed of the vehicle according to the predicted route instead of reacting to the signals received from route field equipment that defines segments of the route.
Before describing in detail the particular method and apparatus predicting a vehicle route in accordance with the presently described inventive subject matter, it should be observed that one or more embodiments of the inventive subject matter may reside in a novel combination of hardware and/or software elements related to the method and apparatus. Accordingly, the hardware and software elements have been represented by conventional elements in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent to one or more embodiments of the presently described inventive subject matter.
Though one or more example embodiments are described herein with respect to rail vehicles, or railway transportation systems (e.g., trains and locomotives having diesel engines or locomotives powered by electricity), one or more embodiments of the inventive subject matter are applicable for other uses or vehicles, such as, but not limited to, other off-highway vehicles, marine vessels, stationary units, agricultural vehicles, transport buses, and the like, one or more of which may use at least one engine (e.g., a diesel engine) or internal combustion engine (e.g., diesel internal combustion engine). Toward this end, when discussing a specified mission, the term “mission” may include a task or requirement to be performed by a powered system of a vehicle. Therefore, with respect to railway, marine, transport vehicles, agricultural vehicles, or off-highway vehicle applications, the term “mission” may refer to the movement of the powered system from a present location to a destination. Furthermore, though diesel powered systems are disclosed, one or more embodiments described herein may be utilized with non-diesel powered systems, such as but not limited to natural gas powered systems, bio-diesel powered systems, and the like. Furthermore, as disclosed herein, such non-diesel powered systems, as well as diesel powered systems, may include multiple engines, other power sources, and/or additional power sources, such as, but not limited to, battery sources, voltage sources (such as but not limited to capacitors), chemical sources, pressure based sources (such as but not limited to spring and/or hydraulic expansion), current sources (such as but not limited to inductors), inertial sources (such as but not limited to flywheel devices), gravitational-based power sources, and/or thermal-based power sources.
Additionally, although reference is made to an onboard processor or computer system, one or more functions of the presently described inventive subject matter may be performed by off-board computer systems that are linked to one or more vehicles in a fleet of vehicles while located off (e.g., “remote”) of the vehicles.
With respect to
That database 18 has data stored in a memory, which data is related to a route network (e.g., a railroad track network) comprising a series of route segments (e.g., track segments) and data representative of routing rules (e.g., railroad routing rules) used by dispatchers to formulate vehicle routes. The term “dispatcher” as used in this specification and in the claims shall include not only human dispatchers but also any automated systems that perform dispatcher functions. Additionally, data representative of the location of dispatch stations along the route network or route segments may be stored in the database 18 including the identity of the different station routes for entering and exiting the station. More specifically, the route network data can include a route identifier and/or a route segment identifier for each route segment within a route. With reference to
The route network can be divided into route regions which may correspond to route subdivisions (such as railroad track subdivisions), and one or more of these regions may be assigned an identifier. For one or more of the route regions, data representative of locations of stations within a respective region may be provided or stored. Additionally, for one or more of the station locations, there can be one or more routes that a vehicle may enter and exit a station location. These entry and/or exit routes can be identified with the station locations.
The database 18 may include route segment connecting data that identifies which route segments are connected to one another and/or the ends at which the route segments are connected. For example, one or more of the route segments may include a first end and second end, which can be identified as a high end and low end, respectively. In reference to
In addition to the foregoing data, the database 18 may also include data representative of switches in the route network. In reference to
The database 18 may include data that is representative of routing rules. Such routing rules may include rules pertaining to a preferred or designated direction of travel by vehicles on one or more of the route segments. With respect to direction of travel, designations are assigned to the directions that indicate a direction in which there may be some cost benefit or a constraint. For example, the designation NEUTRAL can mean that the route or route segment may be traveled in either direction, or there is no benefit or constraint on travel in either direction. A designation of HIGHBOUND can mean that the designated or limited direction of travel is entering the route segment from a low end of the route segment and traveling toward the high end of the route segment. A designation of LOWBOUND can mean that the designated or limited direction is entering the route segment from a high end of the route segment and traveling toward the low end of the route segment. For example, in the below referenced table, the route segment RS6 has a designated direction of LOWBOUND which means, in reference to
The database 18 may include weight restrictions of vehicles, such as non-powered units, representative of one or more of the route segments in the route network. The database 18 may include data representative of restrictions on the length of a vehicle, restrictions on the width (or other size) of the vehicle (e.g., the powered units and/or non-powered units), or restrictions on the type of cargo (e.g., hazardous materials) representative of one or more of the route segments in the route network. These restrictions may prohibit or limit the travel of some vehicles over associated route segments.
The above referenced data representative of route segments and switching equipment for the route segments shown in
With reference to
At 42, when at least some of the above described data is entered the processor accesses the database 18 that includes the route network data, routing data or rules, and the station location information. Using the input data (step 40) entered at 42, at 44, the processor 16 generates a predicted vehicle route based on the origination and destination locations for the vehicle and/or powered unit 12. The controller 14 and/or processor 16 may utilize known software for developing train routes at dispatch stations. Routing through the network of route segments may be computed using one or more network routing algorithms, such as the well known Shortest Path First algorithm.
By way of first example, and in reference to
In a second example, an origination location of RS9 and destination location of RS1 are entered in the controller 14. In reference to Table I, the route segment RS9 has a designated direction of travel in the LOWBOUND (e.g., right to left) direction. As shown in
The system may include in the database 18, or in a separate accessible database, a list of previously predicted routes that a vehicle 10 has traveled so that, when the identification of the powered unit 12 and/or vehicle 10 with the origination and destination locations is made, the algorithm may match the powered unit 12 and/or the vehicle 10 with one or more of the previously predicted routes. When a previous predicted route is identified, a new predicted route may be generated using some or all of the previously predicted route as an initial route (or as a portion of the new predicted route), while factoring in updated restrictions such as temporary speed restrictions or route maintenance schedules. In this manner, the algorithm can be configured to reduce the amount of time required for the processor to generate a predicted route. In one embodiment, the previously predicted routes may be limited to those routes having been predicted within a predetermined time period (e.g., routes predicted within the past five days).
With respect to
One or more embodiments described herein may be configured as a component of a trip optimization or trip planner system or computer program that is used, for example, to improve or optimize fuel efficiency of the vehicle and/or reduce or minimize emissions output for a trip, as described in the above cross-referenced patent applications. One or more controllers may be configured to implement the trip planner system so that, when the predicted route is generated, the trip planner system generates a trip plan for all or a portion of the route. The trip plan may include operational settings (e.g., throttle positions, brake settings, speeds, power outputs, and the like) for the vehicle that are expressed as a function of at least one of time and/or distance along the trip. Traveling according to the trip plan may reduce the amount of fuel consumed, emissions generated by the vehicle, and/or travel time relative to traveling to one or more other plans.
Returning to the description of one embodiment of the method described herein, at 56, the controller 16 generates a trip plan (e.g., a throttle position strategy) that is computed using a trip optimization algorithm or a trip planning algorithm. Such an algorithm can factor in variables such as route grade, curvatures, and/or elevations to generate the trip plan that reduces fuel consumed and/or emissions generated by the vehicle. Additionally, characteristic data may be entered via the off board server-based system 22. This data may include the physical and performance data on one or more powered units, types or categories of the powered units and/or non-powered units, weights of the powered units and/or non-powered units, lengths of the powered units and/or non-powered units, cross sectional areas of the powered units and/or non-powered units, horsepower generated by the powered units, and/or other characteristics that may be considered in increasing fuel efficiency and/or reducing emissions generation. The vehicles may also be defined in the database with an identifier, speed limits or restrictions, and/or lists of powered unit types and/or non-powered unit types that may be included in the vehicles. In this manner, a trip plan for the vehicle route can be generated that provides one or more operational settings for one or more route segment and/or for defined distances over the route.
Again with reference to the route network data and as noted above, the route network data can be divided into regions, with one or more of the regions being a defined geographic entity of the route network. One or more of these regions may correspond to a vehicle subdivision, such as a railroad subdivision. To the extent that a vehicle route may cover more than one region of a route network, the predicted vehicle route may comprise a route for each of the regions covered in the vehicle route.
At 46, the controller may present (e.g., visually display) track information for a defined region within the predicted vehicle route on the display 30. The display 30 may present a speed limit for a predetermined distance on the predicted route, a designated operational setting (e.g., a designated speed limit) for a predetermined distance on the predicted route and that may be based on the trip plan described above, route grade and/or curvature information, and/or milepost or other landmark information
In one embodiment of the inventive subject matter described herein, the system and method are able to dynamically adapt the predicted route in the event the vehicle 10 diverges from the predicted route. At 50, the vehicle receives signals or input data relating to the authorized route from field equipment such as switches. These signals or input can identify the location of the vehicle 10 on the authorized route and/or identify where (e.g., which route segments) that the vehicle will be traveling over some predetermined distance
In the above first example of a predicted vehicle route, there is a switch SW1 connected to a high end of the route segment RS1 and a low end of the route segment RS3. The predicted vehicle route has the vehicle 10 travel on the route segment RS1 and then the route segment RS2. During the course of traveling on an authorized route, however, the vehicle 10 may receive a signal indicating that the switch SW1 is connecting the route segment RS1 to the route segment RS3, instead of to the route segment RS2. As the switch SW1 is not connected to the route segment RS2 (or the route segment RS3 is not part of the predicted route), at 52, the processor 16 identifies the divergence of route segment RS3 and, at 54, generates a new predicted route using the present location of the vehicle 10 and/or the track segment RS3 as the origination location to adapt the predicted route to include the track segment RS3. For example, the track segment RS3 may have different associated speed restrictions that cause the vehicle to reduce speed, or fewer constraints on speed that allow the vehicle 10 to increase speed. Additionally, the trip planner system can update the trip plan (e.g., throttle position strategy) for the new predicted vehicle route.
In another embodiment, the algorithm may be configured to reduce the time necessary to generate the new route when there is a divergence of the original predicted route. For example, if the vehicle 10 or computer system on the vehicle 10 determines that the vehicle 10 has or will diverge from the predicted route, the algorithm may be configured to identify the point at which the divergent route intersects the predicted route. In this manner, the algorithm may take the remaining segments in the predicted and simply copy the remaining route for generating the new route, instead of regenerating that remaining portion of the route.
While one or more embodiments of the inventive subject matter have been shown and described herein, these embodiments are provided by way of example and not of limitation on each and every embodiment. Numerous variations, changes and substitutions will occur to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the teaching of the presently described inventive subject matter. Accordingly, it is intended that the inventive subject matter be interpreted within the full spirit and scope of the appended claims.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/047,427, which was filed on 13 Mar. 2008 (the “'427 application”). The '427 application claims priority to and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/765,443, which was filed on 19 Jun. 2007 (the “'443 application”). The '443 application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/894,039, filed on 9 Mar. 2007 (the “'039 Application”), and to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/939,852 (the “'852 Application), filed 24 May 2007. The '443 application also claims priority to and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/669,364, which was filed on 31 Jan. 2007 (the “'364 application”). The '364 application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/849,100, filed 2 Oct. 2006 (the “'100 Application”), and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/850,885, filed 10 Oct. 2006 (the “'885 Application”). The '364 application also claims priority to and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/385,354, which was filed on 20 Mar. 2006 (the “'354 application”). The entirety of each of these applications (e.g., the '427 application, the '443 application, the '039 Application, the '852 Application, the '364 application, the '100 Application, the '885 Application, and the '354 application) is incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60894039 | Mar 2007 | US | |
| 60939852 | May 2007 | US | |
| 60849100 | Oct 2006 | US | |
| 60850885 | Oct 2006 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12047427 | Mar 2008 | US |
| Child | 13344331 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11765443 | Jun 2007 | US |
| Child | 12047427 | US | |
| Parent | 11669364 | Jan 2007 | US |
| Child | 11765443 | US | |
| Parent | 11385354 | Mar 2006 | US |
| Child | 11669364 | US |
