Patent Grant
8744180
The present application incorporates the foregoing disclosure herein by reference.
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to systems and processes for automatically analyzing and matching object's colors using a digital image captured on an electronic communications device.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
The prior art discloses a number of color matching applications for use on mobile devices, such as to match colors of wall paints, furniture, clothing, etc. In most cases the user captures and stores an image of the item with their mobile device camera or laptop webcam. Then, the user runs a mobile application to compare the captured image to a reference database of images to determine their colors match.
The mobile application may run the comparison in a variety of manners. For example, the device may show the two images side-by-side so that the user can subjectively make the decision. Or the mobile device can conduct an image analysis to determine to what degrees they match. For example, United States Patent Application 20090252371 entitled “Mobile device with color detection capabilities” will breakdown the component colors into percentages (i.e. “Red: 10%, Blue 47%, Green 43% and Purchase Item Image: Red: 12%, Blue 47%, Green 41%”). It will then display a closeness of color match based upon a preset overall percentage margins such as “Overall Result: Compares within 10%, Close Enough” or “Overall Result: Compares within 10%, Almost the Same” or “Overall Result: Compares within 40%, Does not Match”.
The prior art also discloses a system comprising a remote server to analyze a color match. For example, in 2008 Hewlett-Packard Laboratories launched a service using a mobile device photograph to enable a woman to select her hue of foundation makeup (See U.S. Pat. No. 7,522,768). The consumer takes a photograph of herself using a mobile device camera while holding a specially designed color chart next to her face. The image is then sent by the consumer via multimedia messaging service (MMS) to a system server. The system uses image processing algorithms to extract the face from the image, and statistical classifiers to determine the user's appropriate foundation makeup color. The consumer then receives a text message containing the foundation shade recommendation that best matches her complexion.
The prior art does not, though, disclose color analysis of images captured on a mobile device using various image processing algorithms wherein the user can select what type of colors hues they will receive from the system, such as Main Colors, analogous, triadic, tetradic, square, complementary, and split-complementary colors. Nor does the prior art disclose a system for an online merchant to display all of their merchandise possessing a specifically identified color hue and type (i.e. all green picture frames) that matches a user's item (i.e. red poster).
The present invention comprises a computer implemented method, system and computer program product for identifying the Main Colors and the matching colors of a visual object. The Main Colors (i.e. Base, Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Colors) and the matching Harmonic Colors (i.e. analogous, triadic, tetradic, square, complementary, and split-complementary colors) of an object are identified using the computer algorithms of the present invention on a local system server, such as via a mobile application on a smartphone, or on a remote server to conduct a color analysis. After the system conducts a color analysis, it will query the server's image database, then return and display matching color combinations and/or harmonics on the user's electronics communications device.
In addition to disclosing the Harmonic Colors, and the system may also disclose specific types of objects (i.e. merchandise) possessing the Harmonic Colors, that will match with the Main Colors of the visual object. The present invention may be used, for example, by an online retailer to provide merchandise of a specific type and Harmonic Color to an online customer who is trying to color coordinate with their visual object. Therefore the user is able to browse similar products with different colors; browse products with matching colors; and search for color combinations.
The present invention uses various image enhancing and processing algorithms and techniques to detect and analyze the different color hues in a digital image. Extracting the Main Color of the image might use different color space transformation such as, HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value), RGB, CYMK. The system uses these color spaces to map the human perceived color to an area or pixel in the image, (for example in RGB color space, all the pixels in an area which has a Red value which is bigger than 250 and Green value which is small than 10 and Blue value which is smaller than 10 are Red), at the end of the process after summing up all the pixels or areas in the image an histogram which describes the colors of the image is calculated (for example, this image is 20% Red 30% Orange and 50% Black). The color analysis may also comprise, separating said object from its background, compensating for distortions such as shading and/or flash light, classifying each pixel to a predefined color set and finding the elements of the color set with the highest number of pixels.
There are multiple possible sources and methods for images of the visual object to be submitted to the server for color analysis. For example, the object may be captured in a digital image on an electronic communications device, such as with a user's mobile phone camera or a laptop webcam, and then electronically sent to the remote server for color analysis, or on the mobile device using the software of the present invention. Or, the visual object may also be viewed online (i.e. EBay), wherein a user is trying to match two items from the same online retailer, or two different online retailers, or two different websites. One online retailer or website would provide the visual object for the system to conduct a color analysis on, and the other website would provide merchandise of a specified type to match the colors of the visual object. The user may then, for example, submit the visual objects image's URL to the system. Or, the visual object may also be uploaded to the system server of the present invention from a file on a user's electronic communications device, such as from a file comprising digital photos and videos.
In addition to viewing Harmonic Color(s) overlaid onto the visual object's Main Colors, the user may elect to view digital images of items (i.e. products) stored in a system database comprising the desired Harmonic Colors. For example, a user may be trying to match a shirt with a pair of pants. After the system conducts a color analysis on the pants to determine their Main Colors and the user selected complementary harmonics, it will provide the user images of all shirts with the complementary colors. Therefore, the present invention provides a method of an online merchant to show items in their inventory based upon color matches to other items in their inventory, or to images of items provided by the user from another source (i.e. other website, user's photo, etc. . . . ).
In particular the present invention comprises a computer implemented method and computer program product for identifying items of a specified color to match a visual object, comprising: step (a) providing one or more visual object images on a user's electronics communications device to a system server; step (b) conducting a color analysis on images to determine their Main Colors and at least one Harmonic Color.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after the color analysis of the visual object is completed by the system server, the user is presented with two options: 1) to manually choose the type of harmonic they wish to view; or 2) the default setting if option (1) is not selected—to display all of the types of harmonics, after which the user selects which Harmonic Color(s) they wish to view.
The inventions further comprises: step (c) querying and identifying on an Image Database, items comprising one or more Harmonic Color(s) to match the visual object, wherein the user may also select a specific type of item; and, step (d) displaying item images on the user's device.
Other aspects of the invention may include a system arranged to execute the aforementioned methods and a computer readable program to include a mobile application configured to execute the aforementioned methods. These, additional, and/or other aspects and/or advantages of the embodiments of the present invention are set forth in the detailed description which follows; possibly inferable from the detailed description; and/or learnable by practice of the embodiments of the present invention.
The present invention will now be described in the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention and with reference to the attached drawings, in which dimensions of components and features shown are chosen for convenience and clarity of presentation and are not necessarily shown to scale. Generally, only structures, elements or parts that are germane to the discussion are shown in the figure.
Provided herein is a detailed description of this invention. It is to be understood, however, that this invention may be embodied in various forms, and that the suggested (or proposed) embodiments are only possible implementations (or examples for a feasible embodiments, or materializations) of this invention. Therefore, specific details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but rather as a basis and/or principle for the claims, and/or as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to employ this invention in virtually any appropriately detailed system, structure or manner.
To facilitate understanding the present invention, the following glossary of terms is provided. It is to be noted that terms used in the specification but not included in this glossary are considered as defined according the normal usage of the computer science art, or alternatively according to normal dictionary usage.
The term “image” as used herein in this application is defined as visual representation that can be presented on two dimensional or three dimensional surfaces. Images can be taken in any part of the electromagnetic spectrum such as visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays, Terahertz, Microwaves, and Radio frequency waves. The reference images are stored in an “image database (DB)” on the system server or on the mobile device.
The term “photo” as used herein in this application is defined as image in the visible light
The term “GPS” as used herein in this application, is defined as a system based on satellites that allows a user with a receiver to determine precise coordinates for their location on the earth's surface.
The term “GPU” as used herein in this application, is defined as an apparatus adapted to reduce the time it takes to produce images on the computer screen by incorporating its own processor and memory, having more than 16 CPU cores, such as GeForce 8800.
The term “Keypoint” as used herein in this application, is defined as interest points in an object. For example, in the SIFT framework, the image is convolved with Gaussian filters at different scales, and then the difference of successive Gaussian-blurred images are taken. Keypoints are then taken as maxima/minima of the Difference of Gaussians. Such keypoints can be calculated for the original image or for a transformation of the original image, such as an affine transform of the original images.
The term “Keypoint descriptor” as used herein in this application, is defined as a descriptor of a keypoint. For example, in the SIFT framework the feature descriptor is computed as a set of orientation histograms on neighborhoods. The orientation histograms are relative to the keypoint orientation and the orientation data comes from the Gaussian image closest in scale to the keypoint's scale. Just like before, the contribution of each pixel is weighted by the gradient magnitude, and by a Gaussian with σ 1.5 times the scale of the keypoint. Histograms contain 8 bins each, and each descriptor contains an array of 4 histograms around the keypoint. This leads to a SIFT feature vector with (4×4×8=128 elements).
The term “Visual content item” as used herein in this application, is defined as an object with visual characteristics such as an image file like BMP, JPG, JPEG, GIF, TIFF, PNG files; a screenshot; A video file like AVI, MPG, MPEG, MOV, WMV, FLV files or a one or more frame of a video.
The term “visual object” as used herein in this application, is defined as a content that includes visual information such as visual content item, images, photos, videos, IR image, magnified image, an image sequence or TV broadcast. Visual object images are compared to item images (i.e. reference images, a merchant's catalogue of products, etc. . . . ) stored in a system database.
The term “camera” as used herein in this application is defined as means of capturing a visual object.
The term “terminal” or “electronic communications device” as used herein in this application is defined as an apparatus adapted to electronically transmit via the Internet, and to show visual content such as a desktop computer, a laptop computer, mobile phone or a digital TV.
The term “visual similarity” as used herein in this application, is defined as the measure of resemblances between two visual objects that can be comprised of:
The term “Visual analysis” as used herein in this application, is defined as the analysis of the characteristics of visual objects such, as visual similarity, coherence, hierarchical organization, concept load or density, feature extraction and noise removal.
The term “Capturing data analysis” as used herein in this application, is defined as the analysis of capturing data such as:
The term “Service location” as used herein in this application, is defined as a physical place where objects can be serviced and/or fixed such as a mobile carrier service center.
The term “Location based analysis” as used herein in this application, is defined as analysis of local data such as GPS location, triangulation data, RFID data, and street address. Location data can for example identify the service location or even the specific part of the service location in which the visual object was captured.
The term “Color analysis” as used herein in this application, is defined as the combination of visual analysis, capturing data analysis, location based analysis and/or analysis of other data and analysis history to extract a color from a visual object. Color analysis can include the steps of separating the main object from its background, compensating for distortions such as shading and/or flash light, classifying each pixel to a predefined color set and finding the elements of the color set with the highest number of pixels.
The term “marketplace” as used herein in this application, is defined as a physical place where objects can be bought such as a bank, a change point, a supermarket, a convenience store and a grocery store.
The term “color wheel” as used herein in this application, and is further described in
The term “color harmonies” as used herein in this application, is defined as color combinations that are considered especially pleasing. They consist of two or more colors with a fixed relation in the color wheel.
The term “color impact” as used herein in this application, is defined as the dynamic creation of a color wheel to match a visual object's Base, Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Colors.
The term “warm colors” as used herein in this application, is defined as vivid and energetic colors.
The term “cool colors” as used herein in this application, is defined as colors that give an impression of calm, and create a soothing impression. White, black and gray are considered to be neutral.
The term “complementary colors” as used herein in this application, and is further shown on
The term “analogous colors” as used herein in this application, and is further shown on
The term “triadic colors” as used herein in this application, and is further shown on
The term “split-complementary colors” as used herein in this application, and is further shown on
The term “tetradic colors” as used herein in this application, and is further shown on
The term “square colors” as used herein in this application, and is further shown on
System for Analyzing Color Images
In another embodiment, the user can upload a file from their terminal database to the system server, wherein the file comprises an image of the visual object (i.e. jpeg).
And in another embodiment, terminal 101, such as a mobile phone with camera 102 or a computer webcam, captures a visual object 120 representing physical objects such as man with a shirt 124 or an apartment wall 122. The Capturing can be performed in several ways:
Said visual object can be captured from a static camera placed in the marketplace or from a camera held by person 112. Person 112 can be a crowd of people that were incentivized to capture the object.
Said visual object can be processed locally using terminal 101 or it can be sent to a remote server 108, as further described in step 206 in
Server 108 or device 101 calculates a color feedback 140 that is sent over the Internet or created locally. Feedback 140 shows:
An example would be that a person takes a photo of green wall using a mobile device camera 102 or computer webcam, in which green is found as the Main Color. The user selects complementary colors 142 and wall art having red as its Main Color is presented for the user to choose. One or more of the matching wall art can later be presented on the terminal display 101 to demonstrate the results to the user comprising red art on the green wall.
Another example would be that a person takes a photo of an orange shirt using a mobile device camera 102 or computer webcam, in which orange is found as the main color. The user is presented with a triadic color harmony 142 and a pair of pants having purple and green as its main color are presented for the user to choose. One or more of the matching pair of pants can later be presented on the terminal display 101 to demonstrate the results to the user comprising purple and green pants and an orange shirt.
Method of Capturing and Matching a Visual Object's Colors
The flowchart describes a process and system 200 to capture and match visual objects.
An image database (DB) is loaded 201, including photos of a plurality of visual objects from one or more sides. For example, a database of items (i.e. shirts) and their Main Colors are extracted using color analysis techniques of the present invention. Visual object representative 120 is then captured 202 using a mobile device camera 102 or computer webcam. The captured object is optionally analyzed 204 locally, as further described in step 207, to get a match using color or color harmonics analysis or to reduce the size of the data to be sent to remote or local servers in step 206.
Optionally the image itself or a processed part of it is sent 206 to a remote server 108 or locally processed on a server at device 101. The server performs color analysis 207 to generate color feedback 140. Such analysis uses the visual object and optionally other data, such as GPS data, the history of the sender, history of similar types of visual objects, and predefined categories. Main Colors found in the visual object are displayed on color feedback 140.
In case the user manually selects one type of harmonic 208, then the Main Colors found in steps 204-207 are used to find images of items in the Image DB 210 that fit the relevant harmonics (i.e. complementary, analogous, triadic, split-complementary, tetradic, or square color matches). In case user does not manually select one type of harmonic, a sample from each type of harmonic is displayed to the user, and then he/she chooses the harmonic he prefers.
In addition to selecting the type of harmonic (i.e. complementary) of the item the user wishes to match to the visual object, the user may also select the type of item (i.e. a specific type of item comprising the complementary color). For example, if the user was trying to match on a merchant's website a visual object comprising a pair of pants that the color analysis had identified as having a Main Color of violet, the user could specify that they want to view only long sleeve shirts of the complementary color yellow. The system would then identify and display on the user's device the desired yellow shirts, and not all articles of yellow clothing or shirts in the merchant's catalogue.
Feedback disclosing results of the Harmonic Colors that match the visual object of interest is then displayed in step 212 using device such as 101. The feedback report 140 may comprise various forms. For example, the Harmonic Color(s) may be displayed on top of the original image captured in step 202. Optionally, further commercial ads are displayed in step 212 on device 101 in addition to the color match.
Optionally a straight forward search of an object of the same color and/or tone is performed and displayed as well.
Color wheel 300 is comprised of 12 colors 302-324. The color wheel can further include more colors to create a continuum of hues between every pair of hues. The wheel is further divided by imaginary line 330 into warm colors 340 and cool colors 350.
Using color wheel 300, which is comprised of 12 colors 302-324, as described in
The color red 302 is the base color; hence the color green 314, that is the opposite color on the color wheel, is selected as the complementary color.
Using color wheel 300, which is comprised of 12 colors 302-324, as described in
The color red 302 is the base color; hence colors red-orange 304 and red-violet 324, which are next to it on the color wheel, are selected as analogous colors.
Using color wheel 300, which is comprised of 12 colors 302-324, as described in
The color green 314 is the base color; hence colors orange 306 and violet 322, which evenly spaced from it on the color wheel, are selected as the triadic colors.
Using color wheel 300, which is comprised of 12 colors 302-324, as described in
The color green 314 is the base color; the color red 302 is its complementary color; hence colors red-orange 304 and red-violet 324, which are adjacent to 302 on the color wheel, are selected as the complementary colors.
Using color wheel 300, which is comprised of 12 colors 302-324, as described in
The color red 302 is the base color; the color orange 306 is 90 degrees right to it on the color wheel and is selected as the second color of the tetradic; the color green 314 is 90 degrees to 306 and is selected as the third color, and finally the color blue 318 is 90 degrees to 314 and is selected as the fourth color of the tetradic.
Using color wheel 300, which is comprised of 12 colors 302-324, as described in
The color red 302 is the base color; the colors yellow-orange 308, green 314, and blue-violet 320 are selected such as to create a perfect square on the color wheel with its colors spaced evenly on the color wheel.
Mobile Application
The present invention further comprises a software application loaded onto the User's terminal 101 (e.g. a mobile communications device, such as a smartphone) configured to communicate with the system server 108, such as over a wireless communications network. The application may be native or web based. The User's device enables the User to instantly transmit an image or a visual descriptor of the visual object 120 to the system server 108, and to receive notifications from the system server 108 with the identified colors of the image analysis. The terminal 101 of the present invention may further comprise image capture and processing modules that enable the User to locally analyze the image and view the identified colors without having to electronically communicate with the system server 108.
Computer Program
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the present invention may be embodied as a system, method or computer program product. Accordingly, aspects of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system”. Furthermore, aspects of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer readable medium(s) having computer readable program code embodied thereon.
Any combination of one or more computer readable medium(s) may be utilized. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wire line, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).
Aspects of the present invention are described above with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable medium that can direct a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The aforementioned flowchart and diagrams illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
In the above description, an embodiment is an example or implementation of the inventions. The various appearances of “one embodiment,” “an embodiment” or “some embodiments” do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiments.
Although various features of the invention may be described in the context of a single embodiment, the features may also be provided separately or in any suitable combination. Conversely, although the invention may be described herein in the context of separate embodiments for clarity, the invention may also be implemented in a single embodiment.
Reference in the specification to “some embodiments”, “an embodiment”, “one embodiment” or “other embodiments” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments is included in at least some embodiments, but not necessarily all embodiments, of the inventions.
It is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is not to be construed as limiting and are for descriptive purpose only.
It is to be understood that the details set forth herein do not construe a limitation to an application of the invention.
Furthermore, it is to be understood that the invention can be carried out or practiced in various ways and that the invention can be implemented in embodiments other than the ones outlined in the description above.
It is to be understood that the terms “including”, “comprising”, “consisting” and grammatical variants thereof do not preclude the addition of one or more components, features, steps, or integers or groups thereof and that the terms are to be construed as specifying components, features, steps or integers.
If the specification or claims refer to “an additional” element, that does not preclude there being more than one of the additional element.
It is to be understood that where the claims or specification refer to “a” or “an” element, such reference is not be construed that there is only one of that element.
It is to be understood that where the specification states that a component, feature, structure, or characteristic “may”, “might”, “can” or “could” be included, that particular component, feature, structure, or characteristic is not required to be included.
Where applicable, although state diagrams, flow diagrams or both may be used to describe embodiments, the invention is not limited to those diagrams or to the corresponding descriptions. For example, flow need not move through each illustrated box or state, or in exactly the same order as illustrated and described.
Methods of the present invention may be implemented by performing or completing manually, automatically, or a combination thereof, selected steps or tasks.
The descriptions, examples, methods and materials presented in the claims and the specification are not to be construed as limiting but rather as illustrative only.
Meanings of technical and scientific terms used herein are to be commonly understood as by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs, unless otherwise defined.
The present invention may be implemented in the testing or practice with methods and materials equivalent or similar to those described herein.
Any publications, including patents, patent applications and articles, referenced or mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated in their entirety into the specification, to the same extent as if each individual publication was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein. In addition, citation or identification of any reference in the description of some embodiments of the invention shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present invention.
While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as exemplifications of some of the preferred embodiments. Other possible variations, modifications, and applications are also within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should not be limited by what has thus far been described, but by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.
The present application claims priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119 (e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/435,358 filed Jan. 24, 2011 by Alon Atsmon, entitled “System and Process for Automatically Find Objects of Specific Color”; and No. 61/438,993 filed Feb. 3, 2011 by Alon Atsmon, entitled “System and Process for Automatically Analyzing Currency Objects”.
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