Patent Application
20210236772
It is common in the medical field to administer medications and other fluids to patients by intravascular infusion. During intravascular infusion, an intravascular assembly including an infusion pump is used to administer a prescribed amount of medication or fluids over a certain period of time. Infusion products are typically delivered to the patient in a clear, see-through plastic intravenous bag and dispensed through clear tubing hooked up to a catheter attachment. While intravascular infusion is implemented quite often, patients and medical staff can encounter multiple problems associated with components of the intravascular assembly during administration.
For example, infusion pump alarms can cause numerous issues for both patients and medical staff. Continuous alarms and delayed efforts of medical staff at correcting an error that triggered the alarm can cause sleep deprivation in a patient, which can affect a patient's ability to heal. Further, alarms triggered from roommate infusion pumps and/or when a patient is mobile with an infusion pump can also interfere with a patient's overall care.
The monitoring of infusion pumps as well as correcting triggered alarms can be time consuming for medical staff in a healthcare facility or home. For example, depending on a nurse's schedule and workload, it can take up to thirty minutes or more for an infusion pump's alarm to be addressed. During this time, as the alarm continues to ring, intravenous tubing has a greater risk of clotting which can harm the patient.
Infusion pump alarms can be triggered for multiple reasons. For example, an alarm can be triggered when air bubbles are trapped in intravenous tubing from an intravenous bag being manually changed, occlusions occur from kinking or clots in the intravenous tubing, intravenous bags of fluids or medications become empty, and/or a pump has a low battery. Typically, medical staff can silence the alarm manually, can unkink kinked intravenous tubing, can manually flush intravenous tubing with saline solution to remove a clot, can disconnect intravenous tubing from the patient and flush the intravascular assembly of its air bubbles, can replace a finished intravenous bag with a new one, and/or can plug the intravenous pump into the wall outlet when a low battery is detected. However, the completion of these tasks can be delayed, time consuming and alarms will continue to ring until medical staff have finished these tasks.
An additional problem associated with the use of an intravascular assembly is the improper placement of sensors within components of the intravascular assembly that inaccurately detect causes of errant flow. For example, when sensors are located within intravenous tubing and/or catheters, these sensors are often not sensitive enough to properly detect air bubbles in the tubing and/or catheters due in part to the location of the sensors.
Therefore, it would be beneficial to provide a system for monitoring and maintaining an intravascular assembly autonomously without the need for medical staff involvement. For example, it would be useful to provide a robotic device having an optical sensor and a pressure sensor that corrects intravenous pump alarms as well as maintains the intravascular assembly by correcting or maintaining specific components of the intravascular assembly that trigger an alarm. Each of the components of the intravascular assembly would include at least one sensor that would communicate and provide data to the robotic device.
It would also be beneficial to provide a robotic device that preemptively maintains the intravascular system so that intravenous pump alarms are not triggered. Further, it would be beneficial to provide a robotic device that includes a robotic arm that can, among other things, unkink intravenous tubing, manually palpate air bubbles out of the intravenous tubing, replace an almost empty intravenous bag, flush an obstructed intravenous tubing of a clot, and/or with ultrasound guidance, insert new intravenous tubing and a catheter into a patient.
The present application provides a system for monitoring and maintaining an intravascular assembly autonomously without the need or complete need for medical staff involvement. The system includes a robotic device that corrects intravenous pump alarms as well as maintains the intravascular assembly by correcting or maintaining specific components of the intravascular assembly that trigger an alarm. The robotic device is capable of maintaining the intravascular system so that intravenous pump alarms are not triggered.
In one embodiment, a system for monitoring and maintaining an intravascular assembly is provided. The system comprises a robotic device. The robotic device includes an optical sensor configured to detect an errant flow in at least a component of the intravascular assembly, and a pressure sensor configured to manipulate at least the component of the intravascular assembly to restore, start, stop flow, or change at least the component of the intravascular assembly.
In some embodiments, an intravenous tubing is provided. The intravenous tubing comprises at least one sensor configured to communicate with and provide data to the robotic device described above. The at least one sensor is disposed at a proximal end or a distal end of the intravenous tubing.
In some embodiments, a catheter is provided. The catheter comprises at least one sensor disposed within an interior and/or exterior of the catheter. The at least one sensor is configured to communicate with and provide data to the robotic device described above.
In some embodiments, an intravenous container is provided. The intravenous container comprises an interior surface and an exterior surface. The interior surface and/or the exterior surface include at least one sensor configured to communicate with and provide data to the robotic device described above.
In some embodiments, an intravenous pump is provided. The intravenous pump comprises at least one sensor configured to communicate with and provide data to the robotic device described above.
Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and the specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the disclosure, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
In part, other aspects, features, benefits and advantages of the embodiments will be apparent with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings in which:
It is to be understood that the figures are not drawn to scale. Further, the relation between objects in a figure may not be to scale, and may in fact have a reverse relationship as to size. The figures are intended to bring understanding and clarity to the structure of each object shown, and thus, some features may be exaggerated in order to illustrate a specific feature of a structure.
Reference will now be made in detail to certain embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the illustrated embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, which may be included within the invention as defined by the appended claims.
The headings below are not meant to limit the disclosure in any way; embodiments under anyone heading may be used in conjunction with embodiments under any other heading.
The present disclosure may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of the disclosure presented in connection with the accompanying drawings, which together form a part of this disclosure. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the specific devices, methods, conditions or parameters described and/or shown herein, and that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments by way of example only and is not intended to be limiting of the claimed disclosure. The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the present disclosure.
Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the application are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. Moreover, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to encompass any and all subranges subsumed therein. For example, a range of “1 to 10” includes any and all subranges between (and including) the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10, that is, any and all subranges having a minimum value of equal to or greater than 1 and a maximum value of equal to or less than 10, e.g., 5.5 to 10.
With regard to the following description, it is to be understood by those skilled in the art that unless a specific number of an introduced claim element is recited in the claim, such claim element is not limited to a certain number. For example, introduction of a claim element using the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not limit the claim to “one” of the element. Still further, the following appended claims can contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim elements. Such phrases are not considered to imply that the introduction of a claim element by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim element to coverage of devices or processes containing only one such element or containing more than one such element, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one.”
It is to be further understood that claim terminology relating to elements A, B, and C recited as “one of A, B, and C” is intended to cover systems, devices or processes having one or more of element A, or one or more of element B, or one or more of element C, and does not require the presence of three of such elements A, B, and C, nor exclude coverage of systems, devices or processes including the presence of three of such elements A, B, and C. Likewise, recitation of “at least one of A, B, and C” is to be given the same interpretation. On the other hand, if it is intended to limit coverage of a claim to systems, devices or processes including one of each of a set of elements, the phraseology “one of each of A, B, and C” or “at least one of each of A, B, and C” is used.
Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” or “approximately” one particular value and/or to “about” or “approximately” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value.
For the purposes of this specification and appended claims, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, percentages or proportions of materials, and other numerical values used in the specification and claims, are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the embodiments of the present disclosure. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
Spatially relative terms such as “under”, “below”, “lower”, “over”, “upper”, and the like, are used for ease of description to explain the positioning of one element relative to a second element. These terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to different orientations than those depicted in the figures. Further, terms such as “first”, “second”, or the like, are also used to describe various elements, regions, sections, etc. and are also not intended to be limiting. Like terms refer to like elements throughout the description.
As used herein, the terms “having”, “containing”, “including”, “comprising” and the like are open ended terms that indicate the presence of stated elements or features, but do not preclude additional elements or features.
As used herein, the terms “having,” “containing,” “including,” “comprising,” and the like are open ended terms that indicate the presence of stated elements or features, but do not preclude additional elements or features.
It is also to be further understood that the doctrine of claim differentiation is to be applied across an independent claim and its dependents and is not intended to be applied across a plurality of independent claims. For example, term A in a first independent claim may be interpreted to have the same scope as term B in second independent claim, while if term A is in a first independent claim and term B further defines term A in claim dependent from the first independent claim, then term A must have a broader scope than term B. In other words, phrases that differ from one independent claim to another independent claim, may be interpreted to have equal scope and read on common structure yet present the structure using different terminology in order account for differing interpretation of phrase language.
The term “intravascular” includes, but is not limited to, where the assembly or one or more components of the assembly is disposed in a vessel of the body. Intravascular includes, but is not limited to, where the assembly or one or more components of the assembly is disposed intravenously, intramuscularly, intradermally, intraperitoneally, intrasternally, subcutaneously, intrathecally, intradiscally, periodically, epidurally, perispinally, intraarticularly, intraosseously, or combinations thereof.
The term “robotic arm” refers to a device that is typically made up of seven metal segments, joined by six joints. A computer can control the robot by rotating individual step motors which move in exact increments connected to each joint which allows the computer to move the robotic arm very precisely, repeating exactly the same movement over and over again if needed. In some embodiments, a robot or robot arms is configured to include motion sensors to facilitate accurate movement of the robotic arm.
The term “end effector” refers to the actively driven portion of the robotic arm such as the hand.
The term “autonomously” or “autonomous” refers to the ability of a robotic device and/or a robotic arm to have the ability to operate independently and not be controlled by outside forces, such as, for example humans.
The term “errant flow” refers to flow conditions that deviate from normal which are caused for example by high pressure or low pressure, air bubbles, occlusions, clots, and/or kinks in an intravascular assembly such as intravenous tubing.
The term “intravenous fluid” includes, but is not limited to 9% normal saline, Lactated Ringers, 5% Dextrose in water, 4.5% normal saline, and can include medicaments.
The term “medicament” or “medication” includes any substance (i.e., compound or composition of matter) which, when administered to an organism (human or animal) induces a desired pharmacologic and/or physiologic effect by local and/or systemic action. The term therefore encompasses substances traditionally regarded as actives, drugs or bioactive agents, as well as biopharmaceuticals typically employed to treat a number of conditions which is defined broadly to encompass diseases, disorders, infections, or the like. The medicament can be administered through intravenous administration, and can include, but is not limited to chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin, vincristine, cisplatin, and paclitaxel; antibiotics such as vancomycin, oxacillin, ampicillin, levofloxacin, cefazolin, meropenem, or gentamicin; antifungal drugs such as micafungin and amphotericin; pain medications such as hydromorphone and morphine; drugs for low blood pressure such as dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dobutamine; and immunoglobulin medications (IVIG).
Medicaments or medications also include, but are not limited to, blood and/or blood products. These include, but are not limited to, whole blood; blood components; or plasma derivatives. Blood components include, but are not limited to, red blood cell concentrates or suspensions; platelets produced from whole blood or via apheresis; plasma; and/or cryoprecipitates. Plasma derivatives include, but are not limited to, plasma proteins prepared under pharmaceutical manufacturing conditions, these include, but are not limited to, albumin; coagulation factor concentrates, immunoglobulins or combinations thereof.
Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in conjunction with the illustrated embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the disclosure to those embodiments. On the contrary, the disclosure is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, which may be included within the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
The headings below are not meant to limit the disclosure in any way; embodiments under any one heading may be used in conjunction with embodiments under any other heading.
It will be understood that the system of the current application is intended to have one of more of its components for intravascular use. Intravascular includes, but is not limited to, where the assembly or one or more components of the assembly is disposed in a vessel of the body. Intravascular includes, but is not limited to, where the assembly or one or more components of the assembly is disposed intravenously, intramuscularly, intradermally, intraperitoneally, intrasternally, subcutaneously, intrathecally, intradiscally, periodically, epidurally, perispinally, intraarticularly, intraosseously, or combinations thereof.
A system 30 is provided, as shown in
As will be described in more detail below, the intravascular assembly includes components such as an intravenous catheter 42, as shown in
The robotic arm can be made of for example, seven metal segments, joined by six joints. A processor, as described below, can control the robotic arm by rotating individual step motors (not shown) which move in exact increments connected to each joint which allows the processor to move the robotic arm very precisely, repeating the same movement if needed. A power supply can be coupled to the arm so that the arm can operate without being plugged into an electrical socket. The arm can be attached to a component of the intravascular assembly such as on the intravenous pump and/or the intravenous tubing, as shown in
The robotic arm can include an end effector, such as a robotic hand 50. The robotic hand can assist the robotic device in monitoring and maintaining the components of the intravascular assembly. For example, the robotic hand can be used to manipulate components of the intravascular assembly to correct issues found in the intravascular assembly by the robotic device. The robotic hand can include the pressure sensor. It is contemplated that the robotic arm and/or the hand can alternatively be manually operated by a user, such as medical staff. It is also contemplated that the end effector can include alternatives to a robotic hand such as a probe, a hook or even medical tools such as a syringe. It is to be understood that additional motors separate from the motors in the robotic arm described above are used to articulate or actuate the hand.
As described above, the robotic device includes a processor 52 that receives and processes input from the optical and pressure sensors and a controller 54 that is operatively connected to the processor and configured to operate the robotic device to manipulate at least one of the intravascular assembly components at least in part, on input from the optical and pressure sensors and processed by the processor to restore, start, stop flow, or change at least the component of the intravascular assembly.
Each of the intravascular assembly components can include at least one sensor 56 to communicate with and provide data to the robotic device. The at least one sensor can include, but is not limited to an optical sensor, a pressure sensor, a piezoelectrical sensor, an oxygen sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a nitrous oxide sensor, an upstream or downstream occlusion sensor, an ultrasound sensor, a sonar sensor and/or a laser sensor. The robotic device can further include a motion sensor, a piezoelectrical sensor, an ultrasound sensor, a sonar sensor and/or a laser sensor.
The optical and pressure sensors of the robotic device and the at least one sensor of a component of the intravascular assembly are capable of transmitting and receiving data through a wireless connection, such as a Bluetooth® radio wireless connection. For example, the robotic device can include a Bluetooth® radio 58 that is configured to pair with a Bluetooth® radio 60 of a component of the intravascular assembly, as shown in
As described above, the intravascular assembly includes intravenous tubing 44, as shown in
The at least one sensor can also be a network of sensors that are located in continuous regions within an interior 66 and/or exterior wall 68 of the intravenous tubing. For example, as shown in
The intravenous tubing may also include at least one valve, such as an outlet valve 70 configured to facilitate release of air trapped within the interior of the intravenous tubing, as shown in
The valve can be opened and a syringe (not shown) or a laser (not shown) can be inserted into the valve by the robotic device so that air can be evacuated by the syringe or laser. The valve can also be used to laser or flush the intravenous tubing with saline to eliminate clots in the tubing. The valve can be opened by the robotic device, medical staff, and/or automatically. The valve can include a duckbill valve and/or a flap valve. The valve can be disposed at an end of the tubing or multiple valves can be disposed along the length of the tubing.
The intravenous tubing may be made from a memory foam material. The memory foam material can be manufactured from visco-elastic memory foam, but other foam materials may be used including foams made from silicon, various plastics, polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polyethylene. The memory foam material can have a varying elasticity depending on the desired flexibility or stiffness of the tubing. Because of the properties of the memory foam material, the tubing will be able to unkink or untwist itself automatically.
The intravenous tubing can be macro intravenous tubing (10, 15, or 20 gtts/min) and/or micro intravenous tubing (60 gtts/min). The intravenous tubing can include peripheral lines, central lines, midline catheter lines, continuous infusion lines, secondary IV, IV push, and/or volume expanders.
As shown in
Alternatively, when two robotic arms or hands are employed, as shown in
As shown in
The sleeve can have a thickness from about 1 millimeter (mm) to about 10 mm, from about 1 mm to about 8 mm, from about 1 mm to about 6 mm, or from about 1 mm to about 4 mm. The thickness of the sleeve can also vary depending on the location. For example, the thickness of the sleeve can be greater in areas along the length of the sleeve that do not contain sensors and less thick in areas that contain a sensor.
The intravascular assembly includes catheter 42, as shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
The at least one sensor of the intravenous container is configured to communicate with at least one sensor of a second intravenous container and the robotic device to replace the intravenous container with the second intravenous container when the intravenous bag is empty or nearly empty, as shown in
The intravenous container can include a flow sensor and/or a volume sensor. The flow and/or volume sensor can provide data on the amount of fluid remaining in the intravenous container so that the robotic device knows when to remove and/or replace the intravenous container.
In addition to sensors being used to detect errant flow in the components of the intravascular assembly, a handheld spectrophotometer can also be used by the robotic device and/or the medical staff to detect if there is precipitation and/or a clot in the intravenous tubing and/or the intravenous container. For example, handheld spectrophotometers that can be used in conjunction with this system are manufactured by TruScan™ (owned by Thermo Scientific™, a Delaware corporation).
As shown in
The intravenous pump can include various types of pumps including, but not limited to a large volume pump, a patient controlled pump, an insulin pump, an elastomeric pump, an enteral pump, a syringe pump, an ambulatory pump, and a stationary infusion pump. Additionally, the infusion pump may also be may be applied to intra-arterial infusion. Suitable intravenous pumps that can be used for example in the intravascular assembly as described above include pumps that are manufactured by Baxter (owned by Baxter Healthcare Corporation, an Illinois corporation).
It is contemplated that the pump can be wirelessly charged to eliminate the need for plugging the pump into an electrical socket. Wireless charging would prevent a low battery and a low battery alarm signal from being triggered. A wireless charger can be placed in every patient room at a hospital or medical facility. The pump can alternatively be equipped with a battery that is larger than a standard sized battery that is typically included with an intravenous pump.
The at least one sensor can alternatively be detachable from components of the intravascular assembly described above. For example, the at least one sensor can be attached to the exterior surface or exterior wall of components of the intravascular assembly by adhesive, adhesive strips, Velcro®, clips, hooks, magnets, snaps, buttons, interference fittings, friction fittings, compressive fittings, posts, connectors, and/or fixation plates. It will be understood, that although the at least one sensor is shown as a circular shape, other shapes are contemplated such as, rectangular, crescent, oval, square, hexagonal, pentagonal, and/or triangular.
The robotic device can include indicia, such as LEDs 108 located on an exterior surface of the robotic device, as shown in
The robotic device can include a display 110, as shown in
The robotic device may also include an imaging unit such as an image sensor or camera including CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) and CCD (charge-coupled device) which can aid in determining coordinates associated with a patient's blood vessel when disposing a catheter into a patient with the robotic device. It is contemplated that a laser rangefinder which uses a laser beam to determine the distance to an object can also be used in connection with the robotic device.
The system may also include or be coupled to an imaging modality such as ultrasound, CT, fluoroscopy or MRI, overhead 3D stereotactic system (via pre-procedure MRI and/or CT). For example, imaging devices useful in coupling with the system described herein comprise without limitation Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), diffusion MRI (DWI), diffusion tensor MRI (DTI), electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), nuclear neuroimaging, positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), Ictal-Interictal SPECT Analysis by Statistical Parametric Mapping (ISAS), Computed Tomography (CT), x-ray, fluoroscopy, angiography, ultrasonography, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), motor evoked potential (MEP), somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP), phase reversal of somatosensory evoked potential, evoked potential, electrocorticography (ECoG), direct cortical electrical stimulation (DCES), microelectrode recording (MER) or local field potential recording (LFP).
As described above, the system including the robotic device, the sensors of the robotic device, components of the intravascular assembly and their corresponding sensors can communicate through a wireless connection such as a Bluetooth® radio. The Bluetooth® radio of the robotic device can pair with the Bluetooth® radio of the component of the intravascular assembly so that data can be transmitted. It is contemplated that in addition to the robotic device and components of the intravascular assembly having a wireless connection such as a Bluetooth® radio, a personal computer used by the medical staff can also include a wireless connection so that the system can communicate to the personal computer. Examples of a personal computer include, but is not limited to network/stand-alone computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), WebTV (or other Internet-only) terminals, set-top boxes, cellular/phones, screenphones, pagers, blackberry, smart phones, iPhone, iPad, table, peer/non-peer technologies, kiosks, or other known (wired or wireless) communication devices, etc.
In some embodiments, the system including the robotic device, the sensors of the robotic device, components of the intravascular assembly and their corresponding sensors can be accessed by speech recognition programs that work by analyzing sounds and performing tasks based on the information given by the speech. These speech commands include, for example, “change intravenous bag”, “stop alarm”, “start intravenous infusion”, etc.
In some embodiments, the system including the robotic device, the sensors of the robotic device, components of the intravascular assembly and their corresponding sensors can be accessed by voice recognition programs that provide security to the system. The voice recognition program uses voice biometric identity verification technology to correlate directly with the authorized user's unique voiceprints. In voice recognition, the authorized user says commands and the system will execute those commands once the biometric identity is verified for the authorized user (e.g., nurse, doctor, or other healthcare provider, etc.). In this way, security and integrity to the system is provided. These voice recognition commands include, for example, “change intravenous bag”, “stop alarm”, “start intravenous infusion”, “straighten kinked tube”, etc.
The system can further include a software program that is associated with operation of the robotic device and/or a software program associated with a message digest with a date and time stamp that lists the various tasks performed by the robotic device on the components of the intravascular assembly. In some embodiments, information compiled from the message digest can be transmitted via Wi-Fi to a web dashboard on medical staff computers. The web dashboard can generate a report for the medical staff.
Dedicated hardware implementations, such as but not limited to ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), programmable logic arrays, and other hardware devices can likewise be constructed to implement the system described herein. Applications that include the system of various embodiments broadly comprise a variety of electronic and computer systems. Some embodiments implement functions in two or more specific interconnected hardware modules or devices with related control and data signals communicated between and through the modules, or as portions of an ASIC. Thus, the example system is applicable to software, firmware, and/or hardware implementations.
Data from the sensors of the components of the intravascular assembly may be downloaded in one or more textual/graphical formats (e.g., RTF, PDF, TIFF, JPEG, STL, XML, XDFL, TXT etc.), or set for alternative delivery to a smartphone and/or the web dashboard of a computer employed by medical staff.
The medical staff can interface with the computer (e.g., smartphone, a computer of the practitioner etc.) via a user interface that may include one or more display devices (e.g., CRT, LCD, or other known displays) or other output devices (e.g., printer, etc.), and one or more input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, stylus, touch screen interface, or other known input mechanisms) for facilitating interaction of the medical staff with the data from the sensors via the user interface. The user interface may be directly coupled to a database or directly coupled to a network server system via the Internet or cloud computing.
In some embodiments, the user interface device may be implemented as a graphical user interface (GUI) containing a display or the like, or may be a link to other user input/output devices known in the art. Individual or of a plurality of devices (e.g., network/stand-alone computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), WebTV (or other Internet-only) terminals, set-top boxes, cellular/phones, screenphones, pagers, blackberry, smart phones, iPhone, iPad, table, peer/non-peer technologies, kiosks, or other known (wired or wireless) communication devices, etc.) may similarly be used to execute one or more computer programs (e.g., universal Internet browser programs, dedicated interface programs, etc.) to allow medical staff to interface with the sensor data in the manner described. Database hardware and software can be developed for access by medical staff through personal computers, mainframes, and other processor-based devices. Medical staff may access the data stored locally on hard drives, CD-ROMs, stored on network storage devices through a local area network, or stored on remote database systems through one or more disparate network paths (e.g., the Internet).
The electronic circuitry in the robotic device, may include some or all of the capabilities of a computer in communication with a network and/or directly with other computers. The computer may include the processor as described above, a storage device, a display or other output device, an input device, and a network interface device, all connected via a bus. A battery can be provided to couple and power the computer. The computer may communicate with a network. The processor represents a central processing unit of any type of architecture, such as a CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing), RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing), VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word), or a hybrid architecture, although any appropriate processor may be used. The processor executes instructions and includes that portion of the computer that controls the operation of the entire computer. The processor typically includes a control unit (the controller) that organizes data and program storage in memory and transfers data and other information between the various parts of the computer. The processor receives input data from the input device (e.g., the at least one sensor) and the network reads and stores instructions (for example processor executable code) and data in a main memory, such as random access memory (RAM), static memory, such as read only memory (ROM), and a storage device. The processor may also present data to a user via an output device or user interface, as described above, such as the screen of the smartphone or the monitor of the web dashboard of the medical staff's computer or a display is the robotic device is equipped with one.
Data can be stored in storage devices or systems (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), hard disk drive (HDD), floppy drive, zip drive, compact disk-ROM, DVD, bubble memory, flash drive, redundant array of independent disks (RAID), network accessible storage (NAS) systems, storage area network (SAN) systems, etc.), CAS (content addressed storage) may also be one or more memory devices embedded within a CPU, or shared with one or more of the other components, and may be deployed locally or remotely relative to one or more components interacting with the memory or one or more modules. The database may include a data storage device, a collection component for collecting information from users or other computers into centralized database, a tracking component for tracking information received and entered, a search component to search information in the database or other databases, a receiving component to receive a specific query from a user interface, and an accessing component to access centralized database. A receiving component is programmed for receiving a specific query from one of a plurality of users. The database may also include a processing component for searching and processing received queries against data storage device containing a variety of information collected by the collection device.
The disclosed system may be associated with a computer network-based system. The computer network may take any wired/wireless form of known connective technology (e.g., corporate or individual LAN, enterprise WAN, intranet, Internet, Virtual Private Network (VPN), combinations of network systems, etc.) to allow a server to provide local/remote information and control data to/from other locations (e.g., other remote database servers, remote databases, network servers/user interfaces, etc.). For example, a network server may be serving one or more users over a collection of remote and disparate networks (e.g., Internet, intranet, VPN, cable, special high-speed ISDN lines, etc.). The network may comprise one or more interfaces (e.g., cards, adapters, ports) for receiving data, transmitting data to other network devices, and forwarding received data to internal components of the system (e.g., the at least one sensor or network of sensors of the robotic device and components of the intravascular assembly).
Components of the intravascular assembly, such as the sleeve used in conjunction with the intravenous tube, is reusable and washable. The system and its components can be made from various materials, such as, for example, plastic, such as a thermoplastic material. In some embodiments, materials include, but are not limited to thermoplastics such as polyaryletherketone (PAEK) including polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) and polyetherketone (PEK), carbon-PEEK composites, PEEK-BaSO4 polymeric rubbers, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane, silicone-polyurethane copolymers, polymeric rubbers, polyolefin rubbers, semi-rigid and rigid materials, elastomers, rubbers, thermoplastic elastomers, thermoset elastomers, elastomeric composites, rigid polymers including polyphenylene, polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyethylene, epoxy and their combinations.
The system and its components can also be made from materials such as, for example stainless steel alloys, aluminum, commercially pure titanium, titanium alloys, Grade 5 titanium, super-elastic titanium alloys, cobalt-chrome alloys, superelastic metallic alloys (e.g., Nitinol, super elasto-plastic metals, for example GUM METAL®), ceramics and composites thereof for example calcium phosphate (e.g., SKELITE™), fabric, silicone, polyuret copolymers, polymeric rubbers, polyolefin rubbers, hydrogels, semi-rigid and rigid materials, elastomers.
The system and its components can also be made from materials such as, for example polyester (PES), polyethylene (PE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) (Saran), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS), polyamides (PA) (Nylons), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PE/ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS), and/or polyurethanes (PU).
The system and its components, individually or collectively, may also be fabricated from a heterogeneous material for example a combination of two or more of the above-described materials.
Components of the intravascular assembly such as the sleeve used in conjunction with the intravenous tubing can be sterilized by radiation via terminal sterilization. Terminal sterilization of a product provides greater assurance of sterility than from processes such as an aseptic process, which requires individual product components to be sterilized separately and the final package assembled in a sterile environment.
Gamma radiation can also be used in the terminal sterilization step, which involves utilizing ionizing energy. Gamma rays are highly effective in killing microorganisms, they leave no residues, nor do they have sufficient energy to impart radioactivity to the spacer. Gamma rays can be employed when the spacer is in a package and gamma sterilization does not require high pressures or vacuum conditions, thus, package seals and other components are not stressed. In addition, gamma radiation eliminates the need for permeable packaging materials.
Electron beam (e-beam) radiation may also be used to sterilize one or more components of the intravascular assembly. E-beam radiation comprises a form of ionizing energy, which is generally characterized by low penetration and high-dose rates. E-beam irradiation is similar to gamma processing in that it alters various chemical and molecular bonds on contact, including the reproductive cells of microorganisms. Beams produced for e-beam sterilization are concentrated, highly-charged streams of electrons generated by the acceleration and conversion of electricity.
The system may also include a computer-readable storage device (not shown) operatively coupled to at least one of the robotic device 34, processor 52, and/or robotic arm 36. The computer-readable storage device is configured to store data provided by the robotic device 34, robotic arm 36, and/or processor 52 for subsequent retrieval and/or transmission. The computer-readable storage device may include, for example, Flash memory, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, or any other computer-readable storage medium which can be used to store information.
The term “processor” as used herein is intended to include any processor, such as, for example, one that includes a CPU (central processing unit) and/or other forms of processing circuitry. Further, the term “processor” may refer to more than one individual processor.
The term “memory” is intended to include memory associated with a processor or CPU, such as, for example, RAM (random access memory), ROM (read only memory), a fixed memory device (for example, hard drive), a removable memory device (for example, diskette), a flash memory and the like. In addition, the display device(s) 412, input device(s) 414, cursor control device(s) 416, signal generation device(s) 420, etc., can be collectively referred to as an “input/output interface,” and is intended to include one or more mechanisms for inputting data to the processing device(s), and one or more mechanisms for providing results associated with the processing device(s). Input/output or I/O devices including but not limited to keyboards (e.g., alpha-numeric input device(s), display device(s), and the like) can be coupled to the system either directly (such as via bus) or through intervening input/output controllers (omitted for clarity).
In an integrated circuit implementation of one or more embodiments of the disclosure, multiple identical die are typically fabricated in a repeated pattern on a surface of a semiconductor wafer. Each such die may include a device described herein, and may include other structures and/or circuits. The individual dies are cut or diced from the wafer, then packaged as integrated circuits. One skilled in the art would know how to dice wafers and package die to produce integrated circuits. Any of the exemplary circuits or method illustrated in the accompanying figures, or portions thereof, may be part of an integrated circuit. Integrated circuits so manufactured are considered part of this specification.
An integrated circuit in accordance with the embodiments of the disclosed embodiments can be employed in essentially any application and/or electronic system in which buffers are utilized. Suitable systems for implementing one or more embodiments of the disclosed embodiments include, but are not limited, to personal computers, interface devices (e.g., interface networks, high-speed memory interfaces (e.g., DDR3, DDR4), etc.), data storage systems (e.g., RAID system), data servers, etc. Systems incorporating such integrated circuits are considered part of the disclosed embodiments. Given the teachings provided herein, one of ordinary skill in the art will be able to contemplate other implementations and applications.
In accordance with various embodiments, the methods, functions or logic described herein are implemented as one or more software programs running on a computer processor. Dedicated hardware implementations including, but not limited to, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic arrays and other hardware devices can likewise be constructed to implement the methods described herein. Further, alternative software implementations including, but not limited to, distributed processing or component/object distributed processing, parallel processing, or virtual machine processing can also be constructed to implement the methods, functions or logic described herein.
It should also be noted that software, which implements the methods, functions and/or logic herein, are optionally stored on a tangible storage medium, such as: a magnetic medium, such as a disk or tape; a magneto-optical or optical medium, such as a disk; or a solid state medium, such as a memory card or other package that houses one or more read-only (non-volatile) memories, random access memories, or other re-writable (volatile) memories. A digital file attachment to e-mail or other self-contained information archive or set of archives is considered a distribution medium equivalent to a tangible storage medium. Accordingly, the disclosure is considered to include a tangible storage medium or distribution medium as listed herein and other equivalents and successor media, in which the software implementations herein are stored.
Various medicaments (e.g., medications) can be administered through the intravascular assembly described above. For example, these medicaments include, but are not limited to Abatacept, Acetaminophen, Acetazolamide, Acetylcysteine, Acyclovir, Adenosine, Albumin, Aldesleukin, Alemtuzumab, Alfentanil, Alpha1-Proteinase Inhibitor, Alprostadil, Alteplase, Amikacin Sulfate, Aminocaproic Acid, Aminophylline, Amiodarone, Amobarbital, Amphotericin B, Amphotericin B Lipid Complex (Abelcet®), Amphotericin B Liposomal (AmBisome®), Ampicillin Sodium, Ampicillin/sulbactam (Unasyn®), Antihemophilic Factor, VI, Antihemophilic Factor IX, Recombinant, Antihemophilic Factor VIII, Monoclonal, Antihemophilic Factor VIII, Recombinant, Antithrombin III, Antivenin, Lactrodectus mactans, Aprotinin, Arginine, Arsenic Trioxide, Ascorbic Acid, Atracurium Besylate, Atropine Sulfate, Azathioprine, Azacitidine, Azithromycin, Aztreonam, Basiliximab, Belimumab, Bendamustine, Benztropine, Bevacizumab, Bivalirudin, Bleomycin Sulfate, Bortezomib, Bumetanide, Busulfan, Benzoate, Calcium Gluconate, Carboplatin, Carfilzomib, Carmustine, Cefotaxime, Ceftaroline, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime, Cetuximab, Chloramphenicol, Chlorothiazide, Cidofovir, Ciprofloxacin, Cisplatin, Cladribine, Clofarabine, Colistimethate, Cosyntropin, Cyclophosphamide, Cyclosporine, Cytarabine, Cytomegalovirus immune globulin, or a combination thereof.
The medicaments can also include, but are not limited to Dacarbazine, Daclizumab, Dactinomycin, Daptomycin, Daratumumab, Daunorubicin, Deferoxamine, Desmopressin, Dexamethasone, Dexmedetomidine, Dexrazoxane, Digoxin, Dihydroergotamine Mesylate, Docetaxel, Dopamine, Doxorubicin, Doxycycline, Droperidol, Edrophonium Chloride, Ephedrine, Ethacrynic acid, Etomidate, Etoposide, Fat Emulsion 20%, Fenoldopam, Fentanyl Citrate, Ferric Sodium Gluconate, Fluconazole, Fludarabine, Flumazenil, Fluorouracil, Folic Acid, Ganciclovir, Gemcitabine, Glucagon, Glucarpidase, Granisetron, Haloperidol Lactate, Heparin, Hydroxyzine, Immune Globulin (IVIG), Indigotindisulfonate Sodium, insulin, Interferon Alfa-2B, Ipilimumab, Irinotecan, Iron Dextran, Iron Sucrose, Isavuconazonium sulfate (isavuconazole), Isoproterenol, Ketamine, Ketorolac, Labetalol, Leucovorin Calcium, Levetiracetam, Levothyroxine, Lorazepam, Magnesium Sulfate, Mannitol, Mechlorethamine, Melphalan, Meperidine, Methadone, Methotrexate, Methylene Blue, Micafungin, Mitomycin, Morphine, Naloxone, Nitroglycerin, Norepinephrine, Obinutuzumab, Octreotide, Oxacillin, Oxytocin, Paclitaxel, Pamidronate, Papaverine, Pegaspargase, Penicillin G Potassium, Pentamidine, Pentostatin, Phenobarbital, Phenylephrine, Phosphate (Potassium), Phosphate (Sodium), Phytonadione(Vitamin K), Piperacillin/tazobactam, Potassium Acetate, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Phosphate, Propranolol, Pyridoxine, Quinidine Gluconate, Ranitidine, Remifentanil, Rho D Immune Globulin, Rifampin, Sargramostim, Secretin, Sodium Acetate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Chloride 1.8%, Sodium Chloride 3%, Sodium Phosphate, Tacrolimus, Telavancin, Thiamine, Tigecycline, Tobramycin, Tromethamine, Vancomycin, Verapamil, Zinc trace metal, Zidovudine, Zoledronic Acid or a combination thereof.
Medicaments or medications also include, but are not limited to, blood and/or blood products. These include, but are not limited to, whole blood; blood components; or plasma derivatives. Blood components include, but are not limited to, red blood cell concentrates or suspensions; platelets produced from whole blood or via apheresis; plasma; and/or cryoprecipitates. Plasma derivatives include, but are not limited to, plasma proteins prepared under pharmaceutical manufacturing conditions, these include, but are not limited to, albumin; coagulation factor concentrates, immunoglobulins or combinations thereof.
Intravenous fluids can also be administered by the intravascular assembly described above. Intravenous fluids include, but are not limited to dextrose solutions such as 2.5%, 5%, 20% and 50% dextrose, sodium chloride solutions such as 5% NaCl (hypertonic), 3% NaCl (hypertonic), 0.9% NaCl (isotonic), 0.45% NaCl (hypotonic), 0.2% NaCl (hypotonic), sodium chloride solutions with dextrose such as 2.5% dextrose/0.45% NaCl (hypotonic), 5% dextrose/0.9% NaCl (isotonic), 5% dextrose/0.45% NaCl (isotonic) 5% dextrose/0.9% NaCl (hypertonic), and multiple electrolyte solutions such as Ringers solution, Lactated Ringer's, Normosol R and Plasma-Lyte M that are either isotonic, hypotonic or hypertonic solutions.
The illustrations of embodiments of the disclosure described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of various embodiments, and they are not intended to serve as a complete description of all the elements and features of devices and systems that might make use of the structures described herein. Many other embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art given the teachings herein; other embodiments are utilized and derived therefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes can be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The drawings are also merely representational and are not drawn to scale. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
Embodiments are referred to herein, individually and/or collectively, by the terms “embodiment,” “may include,” “can include” or “it is contemplated” merely for convenience and without intending to limit the scope of this application to any single embodiment or concept if more than one is, in fact, shown. Thus, although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be understood that an arrangement achieving the same purpose can be substituted for the specific embodiment(s) shown; that is, this disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, will become apparent to those of skill in the art given the teachings herein.
In the foregoing description of the embodiments, various features are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting that the claimed embodiments have more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, disclosed subject matter lies in less than all features of a single embodiment. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate example embodiment.
Given the teachings of the disclosure provided herein, one of ordinary skill in the art will be able to contemplate other implementations and applications of the techniques of the disclosure. Although illustrative embodiments of the disclosure have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various other changes and modifications are made therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
While particular embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, based upon the teachings herein, changes and modifications may be made without departing from this disclosure and its broader aspects and, therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as are within the true spirit and scope of this disclosure.
The true spirit and scope is considered to encompass devices and processes, unless specifically limited to distinguish from known subject matter, which provide equivalent functions as required for interaction with other elements of the claims and the scope is not considered limited to devices and functions currently in existence where future developments may supplant usage of currently available devices and processes yet provide the functioning required for interaction with other claim elements. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the disclosure is solely defined by the appended claims.
