Patent Grant
11504927
The present technology relates generally to apparatuses, systems, and methods for controlling and monitoring inflatable perfusion enhancement apparatuses that mitigate contact pressure applied to a human body by a support surface.
Pressure injuries (sometimes referred to as “decubitus ulcers,” “pressure ulcers,” “pressure sores,” or “bedsores”) typically occur as a result of steady pressure applied in one location along a surface of the human body such as, for example, the sacrum. Pressure injuries are most common in individuals who are mobility-impaired or immobilized (e.g., in a wheelchair or a bed, or on an operating table) for prolonged periods of time. Oftentimes these individuals are older, malnourished, and/or incontinent, all factors that predispose the human body to pressure injury formation. Because these individuals are often not ambulatory, they may sit or lie for prolonged periods of time in the same position. Moreover, these individuals often are unable to reposition themselves to alleviate the pressure. Consequently, the pressure on the skin and soft tissue eventually causes ischemia or inadequate blood flow to the area, thereby resulting in breakdown of the skin and tissue damage. Pressure injuries can result in a superficial injury to the skin, or a deeper full-thickness ulcer that exposes underlying tissues and places the individual at risk for infection. The resulting infection may worsen, leading to sepsis, or even death in some cases.
There are various pressure technologies on the market for preventing pressure injuries. However, conventional alternating pressure technologies have many deficiencies, including the inability to control the spatial relationship between an individual and a support surface. Consequently, individuals using conventional alternating pressure technologies may still develop pressure injuries or suffer from related complications.
Many aspects of the present disclosure can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale. Instead, emphasis is placed on clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Furthermore, components may be shown as transparent in certain views for the purpose of illustration, rather than to indicate that the component is necessarily transparent. Any headings provided herein are for convenience only.
Pressure injuries (also referred to a “pressure ulcers” or “ulcers”) are localized regions of damage to the skin and/or the underlying tissue that result from contact pressure (or simply “pressure”) on the corresponding anatomical region of the body. Pressure injuries often form over bony prominences, such as the skin and soft tissue overlying the sacrum, coccyx, heels, or hips. However, other sites (e.g., the elbows, knees, ankles, shoulders, abdomen, back, or cranium) may also be affected. Generally, pressure injuries develop when pressure is applied to blood vessels in soft tissue, which at least partially obstructs blood flow to the soft tissue (e.g., when the pressure exceeds the capillary filling pressure) and causes ischemia at the pressure site for an extended duration. Therefore, pressure injuries often occur in individuals who are mobility-impaired, immobilized, or sedentary for prolonged periods of times. Once a pressure injury forms, the healing process is typically slow. For example, when pressure is relieved from the site of the pressure injury, the body rushes blood (including proinflammatory mediators) to that region to perfuse the area. The sudden reperfusion of the damaged, previously ischemic region has been shown to cause an inflammatory response, brought on by the proinflammatory mediators, that can actually worsen the original pressure injury and prolongs recovery. Further, depending on the patient and the pressure injury, the proinflammatory mediators may spread through the blood stream beyond the site of the pressure injury to cause a systematic inflammatory response. This secondary inflammatory response caused by the proinflammatory mediators has been shown to exacerbate existing conditions or trigger additional ailments, thereby slowing recovery. Moreover, recovery time can be prolonged by numerous factors often associated with individuals prone to pressure injuries, such as old age, immobility, preexisting medical conditions (e.g., arteriosclerosis, diabetes, or infection), smoking, and/or medications (e.g., anti-inflammatory drugs). Thus, preventing or reducing pressure injury formation (and reducing proinflammatory mediators) can enhance and expedite many treatment processes for individuals, especially those who are mobility-impaired during the course of treatment.
Introduced here, therefore, are systems and methods for controlling and monitoring inflatable perfusion enhancement apparatuses that mitigate contact pressure applied to a human body by a support surface. A controller device (also referred to as a “controller”) can be fluidically coupled to a pressure-mitigation apparatus (also referred to as a “pressure-mitigation device” or a “pressure-mitigation pad”) that includes a series of selectively inflatable chambers (also referred to as “cells”). When the pressure-mitigation apparatus is placed between a human body and a support surface (also referred to as a “contact surface”), the controller device can continuously and intelligently circulate air through the pressure mitigation apparatus. The controller device causes one or more chambers of the pressure-mitigation device to selectively inflate, deflate, or any combination thereof.
By controllably varying the pressure in the series of chambers, the controller device can move the main point of pressure applied by the support surface to various different regions across the human body. For example, following deployment of the pressure-mitigation apparatus, the controller device can move the main point(s) of pressure applied by the support surface amongst a plurality of predetermined locations by sequentially varying the level of inflation of and, therefore, pressure in different predetermined subsets of inflatable chambers. In some embodiments, the controller controls pressure beneath specific anatomic locations of the patient for specific durations in order to move pressure points around the anatomy in a precise manner such that specific portions of the anatomy (e.g., tissue adjacent bony prominences) have minimal pressure applied for predetermined periods of time. This continuous or intermittent relocation of the pressure point(s) avoids vascular compression for sustained periods of time and, therefore, inhibits ischemia and ultimately reduces the incidence of pressure injuries.
In addition, the controller device can provide various different features and functions that provide for and enhance dynamic control of the pressure-mitigation device. For example, the controller device may be configured to auto-detect the type of pressure-mitigation device attached thereto and configure the pressure mitigation inflation-deflation protocol for that type of device.
The controller device can also provide alerts to the patient, caregivers, and others related to the functionality of the pressure-mitigation device and patient monitoring (e.g., improper usage, compliance to treatment protocol). In some embodiments, for example, the controller device can also detect patient motion on the pressure mitigation device by remotely monitoring the pressures within the air chambers, and then use this information to determine information in real-time regarding patient movement and patient location on the device.
Specific details of several embodiments of the present technology are described herein with reference to
It should be noted that other embodiments in addition to those disclosed herein are within the scope of the present technology. For example, components, configurations, and/or procedures shown or described with respect to one embodiment can be combined with or replace the components, configurations, and/or procedures described in other embodiments. Further, embodiments of the present technology can have different components, configurations, and/or procedures than those shown or described herein. Moreover, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that embodiments of the present technology can have configurations, components, and/or procedures in addition to those shown or described herein, and that these and other embodiments can be without several of the configurations, components, and/or procedures shown or described herein without deviating from the present technology.
Selected Embodiments of Pressure-Mitigation Apparatuses
A pressure-mitigation apparatus includes a plurality of chambers or compartments that can be individually controlled to vary the pressure in each chamber and/or a subset of the chambers. When placed between a human body and a support surface, the pressure-mitigation apparatus can vary the pressure on an anatomical region by controllably inflating one or more chambers, deflating one or more chambers, or any combination thereof. Several examples of pressure-mitigation apparatuses are described below with respect to
As shown in
The pressure-mitigation apparatus 100 includes a series of chambers 106 (also referred to as “cells”) whose pressure can be individually varied. In some embodiments, the series of chambers 106 are arranged in a geometric pattern designed to relieve pressure on one or more specific anatomical regions of a human body. As noted above, when placed between the human body and a support surface, the pressure-mitigation apparatus 100 can vary the pressure on the specific anatomical region(s) by controllably inflating chamber(s), deflating chamber(s), or any combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the geometric pattern is designed to mitigate pressure on a specific anatomical region when the specific anatomical region is oriented over a target region 108 of the geometric pattern. As shown in
The pressure-mitigation apparatus 100 can include a first portion 110 (also referred to as a “first layer” or a “bottom layer”) designed to face a support surface and a second portion 112 (also referred to as a “second layer” or a “top layer”) designed to face the human body supported by the support surface. In some embodiments the first portion 110 is directly adjacent to the support surface, while in other embodiments the first portion 110 is directly adjacent to an attachment apparatus designed to help secure the pressure-mitigation apparatus 100 to the support surface. The pressure-mitigation apparatus 100 may be constructed of a variety of materials, and the material(s) used in the construction of each component of the pressure-mitigation apparatus 100 may be chosen based on the nature of the body contact, if any, to be experienced by the component. For example, because the second portion 112 will often be in direct contact with the skin, it may be comprised of a soft fabric or a breathable fabric (e.g., comprised of moisture-wicking materials or quick-drying materials, or having perforations). In some embodiments, an impervious lining (e.g., comprised of polyurethane) is secured to the inside of the second portion 112 to inhibit fluid (e.g., sweat) from entering the series of chambers 106. As another example, if the pressure-mitigation apparatus 100 is designed for deployment beneath a cover (e.g., a bed sheet), then the second portion 112 may be comprised of a liquid-impervious, flexible material, such as polyurethane, polypropylene, silicone, or rubber. The first portion 110 may also be comprised of a liquid-impervious, flexible material.
The series of chambers 106 may be formed via interconnections between the first and second portions 110, 112 (e.g., either directly or via one or more intermediary layers). In the embodiment illustrated in
The person using the pressure-mitigation apparatus 100 and/or the caregiver (e.g., a nurse, physician, etc.) will often be responsible for actively orienting the anatomical region of the patient lengthwise over the target region 108 of the geometric pattern. However, the side support(s) 104 may actively orient or guide the specific anatomical region of the human body laterally over the target region 108 of the geometric pattern. In some embodiments the side support(s) 104 are inflatable, while in other embodiments the side support(s) 104 are permanent structures that protrude from one or both lateral sides of the pressure-mitigation device 100. For example, at least a portion of each side support may be stuffed with cotton, latex, polyurethane foam, or any combination thereof.
As further described below with respect to
In some embodiments, the pressure-mitigation apparatus 100 includes one or more structural feature(s) 116a-c that enhance securement of the pressure-mitigation apparatus 100 to a support surface and/or an attachment apparatus. As illustrated in
The pressure-mitigation apparatus 200 can include various features generally similar to the features of the pressure-mitigation device 100 described above with respect to
The individual inflation/deflation of these chambers 206 can be performed in a predetermined pattern and to predetermined pressure levels. In some embodiments, for example, the individual chambers 206 can be inflated to higher pressure levels than the chambers 206 of the pressure-mitigation apparatus 100 described with respect to
As further described below with respect to
As shown in
A pump, such as the pressure device 1314 described below with respect to
As noted above, the series of chambers 404 may be arranged in an anatomy-specific pattern so that when the pressure within one or more individual chambers is altered, the contact pressure on a specific anatomical region of the human body is relieved (e.g., by shifting the main pressure point elsewhere). As shown in
In some embodiments, the pressure-mitigation apparatus 400 does not include side supports because the condition of the user (also referred to as a “patient”) may not benefit from the positioning provided by the side supports. For example, side supports can be omitted when the patient is medically immobilized (e.g., under anesthesia, in a medically induced coma, etc.) and/or physically restrained by the underlying support surface (e.g., rails along the side of a bed, arm rests on the side of a chair) and/or other structures (e.g., physically restraints holding down the patient, casts, etc.).
The pressure-mitigation apparatuses 502a and 502b of
In some embodiments, the pressure-mitigation apparatuses 502a and 502b of
Selected Embodiments of Controller Devices
As shown in
As further shown in
In some embodiments, the housing 602 includes one or more mechanical input components 606 for providing instructions to the controller 600. The input components 606 may include one or more knobs (e.g., as shown in
As further described below, the controller 600 can be configured to inflate and/or deflate the individual chambers of a pressure-mitigation apparatus in a predetermined pattern. In some embodiments at least one pressure device (e.g., an air pump) resides in the housing 602 of the controller 600, while in other embodiments the controller 600 is fluidically connected to at least one pressure device. For example, the housing 602 may include a first fluid interface through which fluid is received from pressure device(s) and a second fluid interface through which fluid is directed to the pressure-mitigation apparatus. Multi-channel tubing may be connected to one or both of these fluid interfaces. For example, multi-channel tubing may be connected between the first fluid interface of the controller 600 and multiple pressure devices. As another example, multi-channel tubing may be connected between the second fluid interface of the controller 600 and multiple valves of the pressure-mitigation apparatus. Here, the controller 600 includes a fluid interface 608 designed to interface with a multi-channel tubing. In some embodiments the multi-channel tubing permits unidirectional fluid flow, while in other embodiments the multi-channel tubing permits bidirectional fluid flow. Thus, fluid returning from the pressure-mitigation apparatus (e.g., as part of a discharge process) may travel back to the controller 600 through the second fluid interface. By controlling the exhaust of fluid returning from the pressure-mitigation apparatus, the controller 600 can actively manage noise created during use.
By monitoring the connection with the fluid interface 608, the controller 600 may be able to detect which type of pressure-mitigation apparatus has been connected. Each type of pressure-mitigation apparatus may include a different type of connector. For example, the pressure-mitigation apparatus designed for elongated support surfaces (e.g., pressure-mitigation apparatus 100 of
The controller 600 may also include a display 610 for displaying information related to the pressure-mitigation apparatus, the pattern of inflations/deflations, the patient, etc. For example, the display 610 may present an interface that specifies which type of pressure-mitigation apparatus (e.g., pressure-mitigation apparatus 100, 200, 300 of
In some embodiments, the controller device 600 can also include a quick or rapid deflate function that allows a clinician to rapidly deflate all or a portion (e.g., the side chambers) of the pressure-mitigation device. This is a software solution provided by the controller device 600 and activated via the display 610 (e.g., when configured as a user interface with touchscreen buttons) and/or tactile actuators (e.g., buttons) on the device. This rapid deflation, in particular the deflation of the side pillows, is expected to be beneficial to clinicians when there is a need for quick access to the patient, such as to provide CPR.
The controller 700 may be connected to a pressure-mitigation apparatus that includes a series of chambers whose pressure can be individually varied. When the pressure-mitigation apparatus is placed between a human body and a support surface, the controller 700 can cause the pressure on an anatomical region of the human body to be varied by controllably inflating one or more chambers, deflating one or more chambers, or any combination thereof. Such action can be accomplished by the manifold 708, which controls fluid flow to the series of chambers of the pressure-mitigation apparatus. The manifold 708 is further described with respect to
As further described below, transducers mounted in the manifold 708 can generate an electrical signal based on the pressure detected in the chambers of the pressure-mitigation apparatus. Generally, each chamber is associated with a different fluid channel and a different transducer. Accordingly, if the manifold 708 is designed to facilitate fluid flow to a four-chamber pressure-mitigation apparatus, the manifold 708 may include four fluid channels and four transducers. In some embodiments, the manifold 708 may include fewer than four fluid channels and/or transducers or greater than four fluid channels and/or transducers. Pressure data representative of the values of the electrical signals generated by the transducers can be stored, at least temporarily, in the memory 710. In some embodiments, the processor(s) 702 processes the pressure data prior to examination by the analysis module 706. For example, the processor(s) 702 may apply algorithms designed for temporal aligning, artifact removal, and the like.
By examining the pressure data in conjunction with flow data representative of fluid flowing into the controller 700 from the pump(s), the analysis module 706 can control how the chambers of the pressure-mitigation apparatus are inflated and/or deflated. For example, the analysis module 706 may be responsible for separately controlling the set point for fluid flow to each chamber.
Moreover, by examining the pressure data, the analysis module 706 may be able to sense movements of the human body under which the pressure-mitigation apparatus is positioned. These movements may be caused by the patient, another individual (e.g., a caregiver or an operator of the controller 700), or the underlying support surface. The analysis module 706 may apply algorithm(s) to the data representative of these movements (also referred to as “movement data” or “motion data”) to identify repetitive movements and/or random movements to better understand the health state of the patient. For example, the analysis module 706 may be able to establish respiration rate or heart rate based on the movements of a patient. Generally, the movement data can be derived from the pressure data. Consequently, the pressure-mitigation apparatus may not actually include any sensors for measuring movement, such as accelerometers, tilt sensors, or gyroscopes.
Following examination of the pressure data, the analysis module 706 may respond in several ways. For example, the analysis module 706 may generate a notification (e.g., an alert) to be transmitted to another computing device by the communication module 704. The other computing device may be associated with a healthcare professional (e.g., a physician or a nurse), a family member of the patient, or some other entity (e.g., a researcher or an insurer). The communication module 704 may communicate with the other computing device via a bi-directional communication protocol, such as Near Field Communication (NFC), wireless USB, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, a cellular data protocol (e.g., LTE, 3G, 4G, or 5G), or a proprietary point-to-point protocol. As another example, the analysis module 706 may cause the pressure data (or analyses of such data) to be integrated with the electronic health record of the patient. Generally, the electronic health record is maintained in a storage medium accessible to the communication module 704 across a network.
The controller 700 may include a power component 712 able to provide to the other components residing within the housing, as necessary. Examples of power components include rechargeable lithium-ion (Li-Ion) batteries, rechargeable nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries, rechargeable nickel-cadmium (NiCad) batteries, etc. In some embodiments, the controller 700 does not include a power component, and thus must receive power from an external source. In such embodiments, a cable designed to facilitate the transmission of power (e.g., via a physical connection of electrical contacts) may be connected between the power interface 714 of the controller 700 and the external source. The external source may be, for example, an alternating current (AC) power socket or another electronic device.
Generally, the valves 802 are piezoelectric valves designed to switch from one state (e.g., an open state) to another state (e.g., a closed state) upon in response to an application of voltage. Piezoelectric valves provide several benefits over other valves, such as linear valves and solenoid-based valves. First, piezoelectric valves do not require holding current to maintain a state. As such, piezoelectric valves generate almost no heat. Second, piezoelectric valves create almost no noise when switching between states, which can be particularly useful in medical settings. Third, piezoelectric valves can be opened and closed in a controlled manner that allows the manifold 800 to precisely approach a given flow rate without overshoot or undershoot. In contrast, the other valves described above must be in either an open state, in which the valve is completely open, or a closed state, in which the valve is completely closed. Fourth, piezoelectric valves require very little power to operate, so a power component of the controller (e.g., power component 712 of
Each piezoelectric valve includes at least one piezoelectric element that acts as an electromechanical transducer. When a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element, the piezoelectric element is deformed, thereby resulting in mechanical motion (e.g., the opening or closing of a valve). Examples of piezoelectric elements include disc transducers, bender actuators, and piezoelectric stacks.
In some embodiments, the manifold 800 includes one or more transducers 806 and a circuit board 804 that includes one or more integrated circuits (also referred to as “chips”) for managing communication with the valves 802 and the transducer(s) 806. Because these local chip(s) reside within the manifold 800 itself, the valves 802 can be digitally controlled in a precise manner. The local chip(s) may also be connected to other components of the controller. For example, the local chip(s) may be connected to processor(s) (e.g., processor(s) 702 of
The manifold 800 may also include one or more compressors. In some embodiments each valve 802 of the manifold 800 is fluidically coupled to the same compressor, while in other embodiments each valve 802 of the manifold 800 is fluidically coupled to a different compressor. Each compressor can increase the pressure of fluid (e.g., air) by reducing its volume before guiding the fluid to the pressure-mitigation apparatus.
Fluid produced by a pump may initially be received by the manifold 800 through one or more ingress fluid interfaces 808. As noted above, in some embodiments, a compressor may then increase pressure of the fluid by reducing its volume. Thereafter, the manifold 800 can controllably guide the fluid into the chambers of a pressure-mitigation apparatus through the valves 802. The flow of fluid into each chamber can be controlled by local chip(s) disposed on the circuit board 804. For example, the local chip(s) can dynamically vary the flow of fluid into each chamber in real time by controllably applying voltages to open/close the valves 802.
In some embodiments, the manifold includes one or more egress fluid interfaces 810. The egress fluid interface(s) 810 may be designed for high pressure and high flow to permit rapid deflation of the pressure-mitigation apparatus. For example, upon determining that an operator has provided input indicative of a request to deflate the pressure-mitigation apparatus (or a portion thereof), the manifold 800 may allow fluid to travel back though the valve(s) 802 from the pressure-mitigation apparatus and then out through the egress fluid interface(s) 810. Thus, the egress fluid interface(s) 810 may also be referred to as “exhausts” or “outlets.” To provide the input, the operator may interact with a mechanical input component (e.g., mechanical input component 606 of
All of the piezoelectric valves 902 included in the manifold need not necessarily be identical to one another. Piezoelectric valves may be designed for high pressure and low flow, high pressure and high flow, low pressure and low flow, or low pressure and high flow. In some embodiments all of the piezoelectric valves included in the manifold are the same type, while in other embodiments the manifold includes multiple types of piezoelectric valves. For example, piezoelectric valve(s) corresponding to side supports of the pressure-mitigation apparatus may be designed for high pressure and high flow (e.g., to allow for a quick discharge of fluid), but piezoelectric valve(s) corresponding to chambers of the pressure-mitigation apparatus may be designed for high pressure and low flow. Moreover, some piezoelectric valves may support bidirectional fluid flow, while other piezoelectric valves may support unidirectional fluid flow. Generally, if the manifold 900 includes unidirectional piezoelectric valves, each chamber in the pressure-mitigation apparatus is associated with a pair of unidirectional piezoelectric valves to allow fluid flow in either direction. Here, for example, Chambers 1-3 are associated with a single bidirectional piezoelectric valve, Chamber 4 is associated with two bidirectional piezoelectric valves, and Chamber 5 is associated with two unidirectional piezoelectric valves.
The manifold of the controller can be configured to inflate and/or deflate each chamber of a pressure-mitigation apparatus to achieve a specified pressure value.
Each value associated with a chamber (i.e., C1-C5) corresponds to a given pressure value. For example, in step 1, the controller causes C1 to be pressurized to 30 millimeters of mercury (mmHg), C2 to be pressurized to 45 mmHg, C3 to be pressurized to 30 mmHg, and so on. Each step may require that the pressure of each chamber be held substantially constant for a specified duration (e.g., 30 seconds, 45 seconds, 60 seconds 90) before proceeding on to the next step. Each step may have an equal duration of 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 45 seconds, 60 seconds, or 120 seconds, and in other embodiments, certain steps may have differing durations. Steps may have a duration shorter than 15 seconds or longer than 120 seconds. In some embodiments, only some of these steps are performed. For example, step 0 may only be performed if the controller is connected to an elongated pressure-mitigation apparatus (e.g., pressure-mitigation apparatus 100 of
As described above, the controller can be configured to detect which type of pressure-mitigation apparatus has been connected to the controller (and thus how many chambers need to be controlled). If the controller discovers that the pressure-mitigation apparatus includes less than five chambers, the controller can dynamically alter the pattern by disabling the valve(s) corresponding to whichever chamber(s) are not present. For example, if the controller determines that the pressure-mitigation apparatus does not include side supports, the controller may disable the valve(s) associated with C4.
The pressure level of a given chamber may be automatically offset by the controller based on input manually provided by an operator and/or input automatically acquired by the controller. For example, the pressure level of the individual chambers can be offset depending on the weight of the patient supported by the pressure-mitigation apparatus, the position of the patient when supported by the pressure-mitigation apparatus (e.g., seated, reclined, supine, or prone), the surface on which the pressure-mitigation apparatus is positioned (e.g., stiff or flexible), and/or other characteristics of the patient and/or the support surface that may affect the pressure imparted onto the patient. These parameters can be input into the controller (e.g., via the controller device 600 of
Chambers may be inflated/deflated for a predetermined duration of 15-180 seconds (e.g., 30 seconds, 60 seconds, 90 seconds, 120 seconds, 150 seconds, or any duration therebetween) and to a predetermined pressure level from 0-100 mmHg (e.g., 15 mmHg, 20 mmHg, 30 mmHg, 45 mmHg, 50 mmHg, or any pressure level therebetween). In other embodiments, the duration of inflation may be longer or shorter and/or the pressure levels may be lower or higher. In some embodiments, the inflation pattern administered by the controller inflates/deflates two or more chambers at one time. In these embodiments, the chambers can be inflated/deflated to the same or different pressure levels, and the duration that the chambers are maintained at the pressure levels may be the same or different. In other embodiments, the controller can apply different inflation/deflation patterns to the individual chambers.
Initially, a controller can determine that a pressure-mitigation apparatus has been connected to the controller (step 1101). By monitoring the connection between a fluid interface (e.g., fluid interface 608 of
The controller can then identify a pattern corresponding to the pressure-mitigation apparatus (step 1102). For example, the controller may examine a library of patterns corresponding to different pressure-mitigation apparatuses to identify the appropriate pattern. The library of patterns may be stored in a local memory (e.g., memory 710 of
The controller may receive input indicative of a request to initiate a deflation procedure (step 1104). In some embodiments, the input is associated with an instruction that is manually provided by an operator (e.g., as a result of an interaction with a mechanical input component or a digital input component). For example, the operator may request that the deflation procedure be initiated before the patient is transferred to/from the pressure-mitigation apparatus. As another example, the operator may request that the deflation procedure be initiated before a medical procedure (e.g., cardiopulmonary resuscitation or defibrillation) involving the patient is performed. In other embodiments, the input is associated with an instruction that is automatically generated by the controller. The controller may automatically generate the instruction in response to a specified criterion being satisfied. For example, the controller may automatically generate the instruction when the pressure in a chamber or a side support of the pressure-mitigation apparatus exceeds an upper threshold.
Thereafter, the controller can cause deflation of a chamber, a side support, or any combination thereof (step 1105). More specifically, the controller may instruct a manifold (e.g., manifold 800 of
As described above, the controller responsible for managing inflation/deflation of the pressure-mitigation apparatus may include transducer(s) configured to generate an electrical signal based on the pressure of each chamber of the pressure-mitigation apparatus. Accordingly, the controller may acquire pressure data representative of the values of the electrical signals generated by the transducer(s) (step 1204). The controller can then examine the pressure data to identify movement(s) of the human body (step 1205). In some embodiments, the controller can transmit some or all of the pressure data to a remote location (e.g., a central server) for processing or analytics. By constantly monitoring pressures of the chambers of the pressure-mitigation apparatus, the controller can interpret information regarding the movement/location of the human body without requiring the use of sensors in direct contact with the human body.
The monitoring of patient movement via the remote pressure monitoring can be used as an indicator of the patient's mobility status and/or the overall health status of the patient, as well as identify periods of complete immobility, which may indicate a associated with patient movement can also indicate a decline in patient health status or a potential health complication. Remote pressure monitoring can also detect when a patient leaves the bed, chair, or other surface on which the patient-mitigation devices is disposed, and in some embodiments, respond to this movement with an alert or alarm provided locally or to a remote location (e.g., to a caregiver) to draw attention to this movement. This allows patient caregivers to assist when the patient is ambulatory to avoid falls and/or identify falls from the support surface in real time. The remote pressure monitoring data can also be used to determine whether the patient is properly using the device, whether he or she is properly positioned on the pressure-mitigation surface, whether the patient is complying with the prescribed protocol. Based on this information, alerts or alarms transmitted to a remote system accessible by a hospital, caregiver, and/or other individuals involved with the patient's care. The real-time monitoring and analysis of data can provide accurate alarms to alert caregivers, management, and others when the patient is not compliant with the protocol and/or improperly using the device (e.g., positioned incorrectly), thereby promoting appropriate usage and enhancing the benefit of the pressure mitigation system.
The controller (or some other electronic device, such as a mobile phone, laptop computer, or computer server) can estimate a characteristic of the human body based on the pressure data, the movement(s), or any combination thereof (step 1206). For example, the controller may be able to estimate the weight of the human body by examining the pressure data in conjunction with flow data representative of fluid flowing into the controller (e.g., from one or more pumps). As another example, the controller may be able to estimate the respiration rate or heart rate of the human body based on the movements. Accordingly, the controller may be able to understand certain aspects of the health state of the human body, such as mobility state, in a noninvasive manner.
Unless contrary to physical possibility, it is envisioned that the steps described above may be performed in various sequences and combinations. For example, the controller may be configured to perform the process 1100 of
Selected Embodiments of Pressure-Mitigation Systems
In this embodiment, the pressure-mitigation apparatus 1306 includes a pair of optional elevated side supports 1308 that extend longitudinally along opposing sides of the pressure-mitigation apparatus 1306. The pressure-mitigation apparatus 1306 includes a series of chambers interconnected on a base material. As further described above, the chambers may be arranged in a geometric pattern designed to mitigate the pressure applied to a specific anatomical region by the support surface 1316.
The elevated side supports 1308 can be configured to actively orient the specific anatomical region of the individual 1302 over the series of chambers. For example, the elevated side supports 1308 may be responsible for actively orienting the specific anatomical region widthwise over the epicenter of the geometric pattern. As shown in
The elevated side supports 1308 may be significantly larger in size as compared to the chambers of the pressure-mitigation apparatus 1306. Accordingly, the elevated side supports 1308 may create a barrier that restricts lateral movement of the individual 1302. In some embodiments, the elevated side supports are approximately 2-3 inches taller in height as compared to the average height of an inflated chamber. Because the elevated side supports 1306 straddle the individual 1302, the elevated side supports 1308 can act as barriers for maintaining the position of the individual 1302 on top of the pressure-mitigation apparatus 1306. In some embodiments, the elevated side supports 1308 may be omitted.
In some embodiments, the inner side walls of the elevated side supports 1308 form, following inflation, a firm surface at a steep angle of orientation with respect to the pressure-mitigation apparatus 1306. For example, the inner side walls may be on a plane of approximately 115 degrees, plus or minus 24 degrees, from the plane of the pressure-mitigation apparatus 1306. These steep inner side walls can form a channel that naturally positions the individual 1302 over the chambers of the pressure-mitigation apparatus 1306. Thus, inflation of the elevated side supports 1308 may actively force the individual 1302 into the appropriate position for mitigating pressure by orienting the individual 1302 in the correct location with respect to the chambers of the pressure-mitigation apparatus 1306.
After the initial inflation cycle has been completed, the pressure of each elevated side support 1308 may be lessened to increase comfort and prevent excessive force against the lateral sides of the individual 1302. Oftentimes a medical professional (e.g., a physician, nurse, or caregiver) will be present during the initial inflation cycle to ensure the elevated side supports 1308 properly position the individual 1302 over the pressure-mitigation apparatus 1306.
The controller 1312 can be configured to regulate the pressure of each chamber included in the pressure-mitigation apparatus 1306 and/or each elevated side support 1308 via a pressure device 1314 (e.g., an air pump) and multi-channel tubing 1310. For example, the chambers may be controlled in a specific pattern to preserve blood flow and reduce pressure applied to the individual 1302 when inflated (pressurized) and deflated (depressurized) in a coordinated fashion by the controller 1312. The multi-channel tubing 1310 may be connected between the pressure-mitigation apparatus 1306 and the pressure device 1314. Accordingly, the pressure-mitigation apparatus 1306 may be fluidically coupled to a first end of the multi-channel tubing 1310, and the pressure device 1314 may be fluidically coupled to a second end of the multi-channel tubing 1310.
Processing System
The processing system 1400 may include one or more central processing units (“processors”) 1402, main memory 1406, non-volatile memory 1410, network adapter 1412 (e.g., network interface), video display 1418, input/output devices 1420, control device 1422 (e.g., keyboard and pointing devices), drive unit 1424 including a storage medium 1426, and signal generation device 1430 that are communicatively connected to a bus 1416. The bus 1416 is illustrated as an abstraction that represents one or more physical buses and/or point-to-point connections that are connected by appropriate bridges, adapters, or controllers. The bus 1416, therefore, can include a system bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or PCI-Express bus, a HyperTransport or industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, a small computer system interface (SCSI) bus, a universal serial bus (USB), IIC (I2C) bus, or an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 1394 bus (also referred to as “Firewire”).
The processing system 1400 may share a similar computer processor architecture as that of a desktop computer, tablet computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile phone, game console, music player, wearable electronic device (e.g., a watch or fitness tracker), network-connected (“smart”) device (e.g., a television or home assistant device), virtual/augmented reality systems (e.g., a head-mounted display), or another electronic device capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify action(s) to be taken by the processing system 1400.
While the main memory 1406, non-volatile memory 1410, and storage medium 1426 (also called a “machine-readable medium”) are shown to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” and “storage medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized/distributed database and/or associated caches and servers) that store one or more sets of instructions 1428. The term “machine-readable medium” and “storage medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the processing system 1400.
In general, the routines executed to implement the embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented as part of an operating system or a specific application, component, program, object, module, or sequence of instructions (collectively referred to as “computer programs”). The computer programs typically comprise one or more instructions (e.g., instructions 1404, 1408, 1428) set at various times in various memory and storage devices in a computing device. When read and executed by the one or more processors 1402, the instruction(s) cause the processing system 1400 to perform operations to execute elements involving the various aspects of the disclosure.
Moreover, while embodiments have been described in the context of fully functioning computing devices, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various embodiments are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms. The disclosure applies regardless of the particular type of machine or computer-readable media used to actually effect the distribution.
Further examples of machine-readable storage media, machine-readable media, or computer-readable media include recordable-type media such as volatile and non-volatile memory devices 1410, floppy and other removable disks, hard disk drives, optical disks (e.g., Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD-ROMS), Digital Versatile Disks (DVDs)), and transmission-type media such as digital and analog communication links.
The network adapter 1412 enables the processing system 1400 to mediate data in a network 1414 with an entity that is external to the processing system 1400 through any communication protocol supported by the processing system 1400 and the external entity. The network adapter 1412 can include a network adaptor card, a wireless network interface card, a router, an access point, a wireless router, a switch, a multilayer switch, a protocol converter, a gateway, a bridge, bridge router, a hub, a digital media receiver, and/or a repeater.
The network adapter 1412 may include a firewall that governs and/or manages permission to access/proxy data in a computer network, and tracks varying levels of trust between different machines and/or applications. The firewall can be any number of modules having any combination of hardware and/or software components able to enforce a predetermined set of access rights between a particular set of machines and applications, machines and machines, and/or applications and applications (e.g., to regulate the flow of traffic and resource sharing between these entities). The firewall may additionally manage and/or have access to an access control list that details permissions including the access and operation rights of an object by an individual, a machine, and/or an application, and the circumstances under which the permission rights stand.
The techniques introduced here can be implemented by programmable circuitry (e.g., one or more microprocessors), software and/or firmware, special-purpose hardwired (i.e., non-programmable) circuitry, or a combination of such forms. Special-purpose circuitry can be in the form of one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.
The above detailed descriptions of embodiments of the technology are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the technology to the precise form disclosed above. Although specific embodiments of, and examples for, the technology are described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the technology as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. For example, although steps are presented in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform steps in a different order. The various embodiments described herein may also be combined to provide further embodiments.
From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that specific embodiments of the technology have been described herein for purposes of illustration, but well-known structures and functions have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the embodiments of the technology. Where the context permits, singular or plural terms may also include the plural or singular term, respectively.
Moreover, unless the word “or” is expressly limited to mean only a single item exclusive from the other items in reference to a list of two or more items, then the use of “or” in such a list is to be interpreted as including (a) any single item in the list, (b) all of the items in the list, or (c) any combination of the items in the list. Additionally, the term “comprising” is used throughout to mean including at least the recited feature(s) such that any greater number of the same feature and/or additional types of other features are not precluded. It will also be appreciated that specific embodiments have been described herein for purposes of illustration, but that various modifications may be made without deviating from the technology. Further, while advantages associated with certain embodiments of the technology have been described in the context of those embodiments, other embodiments may also exhibit such advantages, and not all embodiments need necessarily exhibit such advantages to fall within the scope of the technology. Accordingly, the disclosure and associated technology can encompass other embodiments not expressly shown or described herein.
This application is a continuation-in part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/363,094, filed Mar. 25, 2019, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/736,758, filed on Sep. 26, 2018, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/690,206, filed Jun. 26, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/647,551, filed Mar. 23, 2018, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
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| Child | 16584704 | US |
