The subject matter described herein relates generally to systems, devices, and methods for using an applicator and a sensor control unit in an in vivo analyte monitoring system.
The detection and/or monitoring of analyte levels, such as glucose, ketones, lactate, oxygen, hemoglobin A1C, or the like, can be vitally important to the health of an individual having diabetes. Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus can experience complications including loss of consciousness, cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Diabetics are generally required to monitor their glucose levels to ensure that they are being maintained within a clinically safe range, and may also use this information to determine if and/or when insulin is needed to reduce glucose levels in their bodies, or when additional glucose is needed to raise the level of glucose in their bodies.
Growing clinical data demonstrates a strong correlation between the frequency of glucose monitoring and glycemic control. Despite such correlation, however, many individuals diagnosed with a diabetic condition do not monitor their glucose levels as frequently as they should due to a combination of factors including convenience, testing discretion, pain associated with glucose testing, and cost.
To increase patient adherence to a plan of frequent glucose monitoring, in vivo analyte monitoring systems can be utilized, in which a sensor control device may be worn on the body of an individual who requires analyte monitoring. To increase comfort and convenience for the individual, the sensor control device may have a small form-factor, and can be assembled and applied by the individual with a sensor applicator. The application process includes inserting a sensor, such as a dermal sensor that senses a user's analyte level in a bodily fluid located in the dermal layer of the human body, using an applicator or insertion mechanism, such that the sensor comes into contact with a bodily fluid. The sensor control device may also be configured to transmit analyte data to another device, from which the individual or her health care provider (“HCP”) can review the data and make therapy decisions.
While current sensors can be convenient for users, they are also susceptible to malfunctions due to improper insertion. These malfunctions can be caused by user error, lack of proper training, poor user coordination, overly complicated procedures, and other issues. This can be particularly true for analyte monitoring systems having dermal sensors, which are typically of smaller scale relative to sensors used to measure an analyte level in an interstitial fluid (“ISF”), and which are inserted using sharps (also known as “introducers” or “needles”) that are shorter than those used for ISF sensors. Some prior art systems, for example, may rely too much on the precision assembly and deployment of a sensor control device and an applicator by the individual user. Other prior art systems may utilize sharp insertion and retraction mechanisms that are susceptible to premature withdrawal before the sensor can be properly implanted. In addition, with respect to dermal sensors, some prior art systems may utilize sharps that are not optimally configured to create an insertion path in the dermal layer without creating trauma to surrounding tissue. These challenges and others described herein can lead to improperly inserted or damaged sensors, and consequently, a failure to properly monitor the patient's analyte level.
Thus, a need exists for more reliable sensor insertion devices, systems and methods, particularly for use in conjunction with dermal sensors, that are easy to use by the patient and less prone to error.
Provided herein are example embodiments of systems, devices and methods for the assembly and use of an applicator and a sensor control device of an in vivo analyte monitoring system, and in particular, where dermal sensors are utilized. An applicator can be provided to the user in a sterile package with an electronics housing of the sensor control device contained therein. A structure separate from the applicator, such as a container, can also be provided to the user as a sterile package with a sensor module and a sharp module contained therein. The user can couple the sensor module to the electronics housing, and can couple the sharp to the applicator with an assembly process that involves the insertion of the applicator into the container in a specified manner. After assembly, the applicator can be used to position the sensor control device on a human body with a sensor in contact with the wearer's bodily fluid (e.g., dermal fluid). The embodiments provided herein are improvements to prevent or reduce the likelihood that a sensor is improperly inserted or damaged. Other improvements and advantages are provided as well. The various configurations of these devices are described in detail by way of the embodiments which are only examples.
Other systems, devices, methods, features and advantages of the subject matter described herein will be or will become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, devices, methods, features, and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the subject matter described herein, and be protected by the accompanying claims. In no way should the features of the example embodiments be construed as limiting the appended claims, absent express recitation of those features in the claims.
The details of the subject matter set forth herein, both as to its structure and operation, may be apparent by study of the accompanying figures, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the subject matter. Moreover, all illustrations are intended to convey concepts, where relative sizes, shapes and other detailed attributes may be illustrated schematically rather than literally or precisely.
Before the present subject matter is described in detail, it is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the particular embodiments described, as such may, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the present disclosure will be limited only by the appended claims.
As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The publications discussed herein are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the present disclosure is not entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior disclosure. Further, the dates of publication provided may be different from the actual publication dates which may need to be independently confirmed.
Generally, embodiments of the present disclosure include systems, devices, and methods for the use of dermal sensor insertion applicators for use with in vivo analyte monitoring systems. Accordingly, many embodiments include in vivo analyte sensors structurally configured so that at least a portion of the sensor is, or can be, positioned in the body of a user to obtain information about at least one analyte of the body. It should be noted, however, that the embodiments disclosed herein can be used with in vivo analyte monitoring systems that incorporate in vitro capability, as well as purely in vitro or ex vivo analyte monitoring systems, including systems that are entirely non-invasive.
Furthermore, for each and every embodiment of a method disclosed herein, systems and devices capable of performing each of those embodiments are covered within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, embodiments of sensor control devices are disclosed and these devices can have one or more sensors, analyte monitoring circuits (e.g., an analog circuit), memories (e.g., for storing instructions), power sources, communication circuits, transmitters, receivers, processors and/or controllers (e.g., for executing instructions) that can perform any and all method steps or facilitate the execution of any and all method steps. These sensor control device embodiments can be used and can be capable of use to implement those steps performed by a sensor control device from any and all of the methods described herein.
As mentioned, a number of embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are described herein that provide for the improved assembly and use of dermal sensor insertion devices for use with in vivo analyte monitoring systems. In particular, several embodiments of the present disclosure are designed to improve the method of sensor insertion with respect to in vivo analyte monitoring systems and, in particular, to prevent the premature retraction of an insertion sharp during a sensor insertion process. Some embodiments, for example, include a dermal sensor insertion mechanism with an increased firing velocity and a delayed sharp retraction. In other embodiments, the sharp retraction mechanism can be motion-actuated such that the sharp is not retracted until the user pulls the applicator away from the skin. Consequently, these embodiments can reduce the likelihood of prematurely withdrawing an insertion sharp during a sensor insertion process; decrease the likelihood of improper sensor insertion; and decrease the likelihood of damaging a sensor during the sensor insertion process, to name a few advantages. Several embodiments of the present disclosure also provide for improved insertion sharp modules to account for the small scale of dermal sensors and the relatively shallow insertion path present in a subject's dermal layer. In addition, several embodiments of the present disclosure are designed to prevent undesirable axial and/or rotational movement of applicator components during sensor insertion. Accordingly, these embodiments can reduce the likelihood of instability of a positioned dermal sensor, irritation at the insertion site, damage to surrounding tissue, and breakage of capillary blood vessels resulting in fouling of the dermal fluid with blood, to name a few advantages. In addition, to mitigate inaccurate sensor readings which can be caused by trauma at the insertion site, several embodiments of the present disclosure can reduce the end-depth penetration of the needle relative to the sensor tip during insertion.
Before describing these aspects of the embodiments in detail, however, it is first desirable to describe examples of devices that can be present within, for example, an in vivo analyte monitoring system, as well as examples of their operation, all of which can be used with the embodiments described herein.
There are various types of in vivo analyte monitoring systems. “Continuous Analyte Monitoring” systems (or “Continuous Glucose Monitoring” systems), for example, can transmit data from a sensor control device to a reader device continuously without prompting, e.g., automatically according to a schedule. “Flash Analyte Monitoring” systems (or “Flash Glucose Monitoring” systems or simply “Flash” systems), as another example, can transfer data from a sensor control device in response to a scan or request for data by a reader device, such as with a Near Field Communication (NFC) or Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) protocol. In vivo analyte monitoring systems can also operate without the need for finger stick calibration.
In vivo analyte monitoring systems can be differentiated from “in vitro” systems that contact a biological sample outside of the body (or “ex vivo”) and that typically include a meter device that has a port for receiving an analyte test strip carrying bodily fluid of the user, which can be analyzed to determine the user's blood sugar level.
In vivo monitoring systems can include a sensor that, while positioned in vivo, makes contact with the bodily fluid of the user and senses the analyte levels contained therein. The sensor can be part of the sensor control device that resides on the body of the user and contains the electronics and power supply that enable and control the analyte sensing. The sensor control device, and variations thereof, can also be referred to as a “sensor control unit,” an “on-body electronics” device or unit, an “on-body” device or unit, or a “sensor data communication” device or unit, to name a few.
In vivo monitoring systems can also include a device that receives sensed analyte data from the sensor control device and processes and/or displays that sensed analyte data, in any number of forms, to the user. This device, and variations thereof, can be referred to as a “handheld reader device,” “reader device” (or simply a “reader”), “handheld electronics” (or simply a “handheld”), a “portable data processing” device or unit, a “data receiver,” a “receiver” device or unit (or simply a “receiver”), or a “remote” device or unit, to name a few. Other devices such as personal computers have also been utilized with or incorporated into in vivo and in vitro monitoring systems.
A memory 163 is also included within ASIC 161 and can be shared by the various functional units present within ASIC 161, or can be distributed amongst two or more of them. Memory 163 can also be a separate chip. Memory 163 can be volatile and/or non-volatile memory. In this embodiment, ASIC 161 is coupled with power source 173, which can be a coin cell battery, or the like. AFE 162 interfaces with in vivo analyte sensor 104 and receives measurement data therefrom and outputs the data to processor 166 in digital form, which in turn processes the data to arrive at the end-result glucose discrete and trend values, etc. This data can then be provided to communication circuitry 168 for sending, by way of antenna 171, to reader device 120 (not shown), for example, where minimal further processing is needed by the resident software application to display the data.
The components of sensor control device 102 can be acquired by a user in multiple packages requiring final assembly by the user before delivery to an appropriate user location.
Sheath 704 can maintain position within platform 808 with respect to housing 702 while housing 702 is distally advanced, coupling with platform 808 to distally advance platform 808 with respect to tray 810. This step unlocks and collapses platform 808 within tray 810. Sheath 704 can contact and disengage locking features (not shown) within tray 810 that unlock sheath 704 with respect to housing 702 and prevent sheath 704 from moving (relatively) while housing 702 continues to distally advance platform 808. At the end of advancement of housing 702 and platform 808, sheath 704 is permanently unlocked relative to housing 702. A sharp and sensor (not shown) within tray 810 can be coupled with an electronics housing (not shown) within housing 702 at the end of the distal advancement of housing 702. Operation and interaction of the applicator device 150 and tray 810 are further described below.
System 100, described with respect to
As housing 702 moves further in a proximal direction toward the skin surface, and as sheath 704 advances toward the distal end of housing 702, detent snaps 1402 shift into the unlocked grooves 1334, and applicator 150 is in an “armed” position, ready for use. When the user further applies force to the proximal end of housing 702, while sheath 704 is pressed against the skin, detent snap 1402 passes over firing detent 1344. This begins a firing sequence (as described, for example, with respect to
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Guide rails 1418 are disposed between sensor electronics carrier traveler limiter face 1420 at a proximal end of sheath 704 and a cutout around lock arms 1412. Each guide rail 1418 can be a channel between two ridges where the guide edge 1326 of housing guide rib 1321 can slide distally with respect to sheath 704.
Lock arms 1412 are disposed near a distal end of sheath 704 and can include an attached distal end and a free proximal end, which can include lock arm interface 1416. Lock arms 1412 can lock sensor electronics carrier 710 to sheath 704 when lock arm interface 1416 of lock arms 1412 engage lock interface 1502 of sensor electronics carrier 710. Lock arm strengthening ribs 1414 can be disposed near a central location of each lock arm 1412 and can act as a strengthening point for an otherwise weak point of each lock arm 1412 to prevent lock arm 1412 from bending excessively or breaking.
Detent snap stiffening features 1422 can be located along the distal section of detent snaps 1402 and can provide reinforcement to detent snaps 1402. Alignment notch 1424 can be a cutout near the distal end of sheath 704, which provides an opening for user alignment with sheath orientation feature of platform 808. Stiffening ribs 1426 can include buttresses, that are triangularly shaped here, which provide support for detent base 1436. Housing guide rail clearance 1428 can be a cutout for a distal surface of housing guide rib 1321 to slide during use. Tilt reducing ribs 1434 are also located in a distal region of sheath 704.
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It should be noted that although six inner sheath ribs 6425 and six corresponding rib notches 6519 are depicted, any number of ribs and notches are fully within the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, while ribs 6425 are depicted with a rounded surface edge, in other embodiments, ribs 6425 can have a rectangular or triangular shape, and rib notches 6519 can have a corresponding receiving shape for interfacing with ribs 6425. In addition, although ribs 6425 are depicted as being disposed on an inner circumferential surface of sheath 6704, ribs 6425 can also be disposed on any other surface of sheath 6704, or portion thereof, that comes into contact with sensor electronics carrier 6710.
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In the above embodiments, the sharp can be made of stainless steel or a like flexible material (e.g., material used to manufacture acupuncture needles), and dimensioned such that the applicator provides for insertion of at least a portion of the dermal sensor into the dermal layer, but not through the dermal layer of the skin. According to certain embodiments, the sharp has a cross sectional diameter (width) of from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm. For example, the sharp may have a diameter of from 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, such as from 0.15 mm to 0.25 mm, e.g., 0.16 mm to 0.22 mm in diameter. A given sharp may have a constant, i.e., uniform, width along its entire length, or may have a varying, i.e., changing, width along at least a portion of its length, such as the tip portion used to pierce the surface of the skin. For example, with respect to the embodiment shown in
A sharp can also have a length to insert a dermal sensor just into the dermal layer, and no more. Insertion depth may be controlled by the length of the sharp, the configuration of the base and/or other applicator components that limit insertion depth. A sharp may have a length between 1.5 mm and 25 mm. For example, the sharp may have a length of from 1 mm to 3 mm, from 3 mm to 5 mm, from 5 mm to 7 mm, from 7 mm to 9 mm, from 9 mm to 11 mm, from 11 mm to 13 mm, from 13 mm to 15 mm, from 15 mm to 17 mm, from 17 mm to 19 mm, from 19 mm to 21 mm, from 21 mm to 23 mm, from 23 mm to 25 mm, or a length greater than 25 mm. It will be appreciated that while a sharp may have a length up to 25 mm, in certain embodiments the full length of the sharp is not inserted into the subject because it would extend beyond the dermal space. Non-inserted sharp length may provide for handling and manipulation of the sharp in an applicator set. Therefore, while a sharp may have a length up to 25 mm, the insertion depth of the sharp in the skin on a subject in those certain embodiments will be limited to the dermal layer, e.g., about 1.5 mm to 4 mm, depending on the skin location, as described in greater detail below. However, in all of the embodiments disclosed herein, the sharp can be configured to extend beyond the dermal space, such as into (or even fully through) subcutaneous tissue (e.g., 3 mm to 10 mm beneath the surface of the skin depending on the location of the skin on the body). Additionally, in some example embodiments, the sharps described herein can include hollow or partially hollow insertion needles, having an internal space or lumen. In other embodiments, however, the sharps described herein can include solid insertion needles, which do not have an internal space and/or lumen. Furthermore, a sharp of the subject applicator sets can also be bladed or non-bladed.
Likewise, in the above embodiments, a dermal sensor is sized so that at least a portion of the sensor is positioned in the dermal layer and no more, and a portion extends outside the skin in the transcutaneously positioned embodiments. That is, a dermal sensor is dimensioned such that when the dermal sensor is entirely or substantially entirely inserted into the dermal layer, the distal-most portion of the sensor (the insertion portion or insertion length) is positioned within the dermis of the subject and no portion of the sensor is inserted beyond a dermal layer of the subject when the sensor is operably dermally positioned.
The dimensions (e.g., the length) of the sensor may be selected according to the body site of the subject in which the sensor is to be inserted, as the depth and thickness of the epidermis and dermis exhibit a degree of variability depending on skin location. For example, the epidermis is only about 0.05 mm thick on the eyelids, but about 1.5 mm thick on the palms and the soles of the feet. The dermis is the thickest of the three layers of skin and ranges from about 1.5 mm to 4 mm thick, depending on the skin location. For implantation of the distal end of the sensor into, but not through, the dermal layer of the subject, the length of the inserted portion of the dermal sensor should be greater than the thickness of the epidermis, but should not exceed the combined thickness of the epidermis and dermis. Methods may include determining an insertion site on a body of a user and determining the depth of the dermal layer at the site, and selecting the appropriately-sized applicator set for the site.
In certain aspects, the sensor is an elongate sensor having a longest dimension (or “length”) of from 0.25 mm to 4 mm. The length of the sensor that is inserted, in the embodiments in which only a portion of a sensor is dermally inserted, ranges from 0.5 mm to 3 mm, such as from 1 mm to 2 mm, e.g., 1.5 mm. The dimensions of the sensor may also be expressed in terms of its aspect ratio. In certain embodiments, a dermal sensor has an aspect ratio of length to width (diameter) of about 30:1 to about 6:1. For example, the aspect ratio may be from about 25:1 to about 10:1, including 20:1 and 15:1. The inserted portion of a dermal sensor has sensing chemistry.
However, all of the embodiments disclosed herein can be configured such that at least a portion of the sensor is positioned beyond the dermal layer, such as into (or through) the subcutaneous tissue (or fat). For example, the sensor can be dimensioned such that when the sensor is entirely or substantially entirely inserted into the body, the distal-most portion of the sensor (the insertion portion or insertion length) is positioned within the subcutaneous tissue (beyond the dermis of the subject) and no portion of the sensor is inserted beyond the subcutaneous tissue of the subject when the sensor is operably positioned. As mentioned, the subcutaneous tissue is typically present in the region that is 3 mm to 10 mm beneath the outer skin surface, depending on the location of the skin on the body.
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According to one aspect of the embodiments, the predetermined clearance, a, can allow for gimbaling by sensor electronics carrier 6710 relative to housing 7702 which, in turn, can cause an angular displacement of sharp 2552 and sensor 104 relative to housing 7702 during insertion. For example, when applicator 155 is in the “armed” position, as shown in
According to another aspect of the embodiments, predetermined clearance, a, can allow for gimballing movement by the sheath, sensor electronics carrier 2710, and sensor control unit 102 relative to housing 3702, as well as angular displacement of sharp 2552 and sensor 104 during insertion. Referring still to
With respect to the embodiments in
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With respect to any of the applicator embodiments in
A number of deflectable structures are described herein, including but not limited to deflectable detent snaps 1402, deflectable locking arms 1412, sharp carrier lock arms 1524, sharp retention arms 1618, and module snaps 2202. These deflectable structures are composed of a resilient material such as plastic or metal (or others) and operate in a manner well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The deflectable structures each has a resting state or position that the resilient material is biased towards. If a force is applied that causes the structure to deflect or move from this resting state or position, then the bias of the resilient material will cause the structure to return to the resting state or position once the force is removed (or lessened). In many instances these structures are configured as arms with detents, or snaps, but other structures or configurations can be used that retain the same characteristics of deflectability and ability to return to a resting position, including but not limited to a leg, a clip, a catch, an abutment on a deflectable member, and the like.
It should be noted that all features, elements, components, functions, and steps described with respect to any embodiment provided herein are intended to be freely combinable and substitutable with those from any other embodiment. If a certain feature, element, component, function, or step is described with respect to only one embodiment, then it should be understood that that feature, element, component, function, or step can be used with every other embodiment described herein unless explicitly stated otherwise. This paragraph therefore serves as antecedent basis and written support for the introduction of claims, at any time, that combine features, elements, components, functions, and steps from different embodiments, or that substitute features, elements, components, functions, and steps from one embodiment with those of another, even if the following description does not explicitly state, in a particular instance, that such combinations or substitutions are possible. It is explicitly acknowledged that express recitation of every possible combination and substitution is overly burdensome, especially given that the permissibility of each and every such combination and substitution will be readily recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art.
While the embodiments are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific examples thereof have been shown in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that these embodiments are not to be limited to the particular form disclosed, but to the contrary, these embodiments are to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit of the disclosure. Furthermore, any features, functions, steps, or elements of the embodiments may be recited in or added to the claims, as well as negative limitations that define the inventive scope of the claims by features, functions, steps, or elements that are not within that scope.
The present application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/449,570, filed Jan. 23, 2017, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes.
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