TIA-1 binding proteins and isolated complementary DNA encoding the same

Abstract

Complementary DNA (cDNA) has been isolated having a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation. In one embodiment, the polypeptide is immunologically reactive with the monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma designated ATCC #HB-11721. Specific cDNA sequences have been determined and amino acid sequences have been deduced therefrom.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to proteins that bind to TIA-1 and that are associated with lymphocytes. The present invention also relates to isolated cDNA encoding the binding proteins.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Cytolytic lymphocytes (CTLs) possess cytoplasuic granules that are released in response to target cell recognition. CTL granules contain secretory proteins such as perforin and serine proteases, which are thought to contribute to the induction of target call death. Perforin has been shown to be directly cytolytic. In the presence of Ca.sup.++, it inserts into the target cell plasma membrane where it aggregates to form osmotically active ion channels {Lichtenheld, M. G., et al, (1988), "Structure and function of human perforin", Nature, 335: 448-451; Hameed, A., et al, (1989), "Cytolysis by Ca-permable transmembrane channels. Pore formation causes extensive DNA-degradation and cell lysis", J. Exp. Med., 169: 765-777}. The recent demonstration that transfection of perforin cDNA into rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells confers the ability to lyse erythrocytes via a regulated secretory mechanism supports a direct role for perforin in lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis {Shiver, J. W. and P. A. Henkart, (1991), "A noncytotoxic mast cell tumor line exhibits potent IgE-dependent cytotoxicity after transfection with the cytolysin/perforin gene", Cell 64: 1175-1181}. The inability of perforin-transfected RBL cells to efficiently lyse nucleated cells, however, suggests that additional granule components are required for optimal lymphocyte-mediated killing. That perforin is not the only cytolytic effector molecule is supported by the ability of natural killer (NK) cells and CTLs to kill some target cells in the absence of extracellular Ca.sup.++, which is required for perforin activity {Tirosh, R. and G. Berke, (1985), "T Lymphocyte mediated cytolysis as an excitatory process of the target. I. Evidence that the target may be the site of calcium action", Cell Immunol., 75: 113-123}. Furthermore, cytolytic lymphocytes that express little or no perforin (e.g., CD4.sup.+ CTL clones) have been shown to be potent cytolytic effector cells {Takayama, H., et al, (1991), "Antigen-specific directional target cell lysis by perforin-negative T lymphocyte clones", Inter. Immunol., 3: 1149-1156}. The results imply that perforin-independent cytolytic effector mechanisms contribute to at least some forms of target cell killing.

In addition to perforin-mediated lysis, CTLs have been shown to induce in target cells a pathway of programmed cell death known as apoptosis {Russell, J. H. (1983), "Internal disintegration model of cytotoxic lymphocyte-induced target damage", Immunol. Rev., 72: 97-118}. A convenient marker of this autolytic pathway is the fragmentation of target cell DNA into integer multiples of a 200 bp nucleosome-sized monomer {Wyllie, A. H., (1980), "Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation", Nature 284: 555-556; Duke, R. C., et al, (1983), "Endogenous endonuclease-induced DNA fragmentation: an early event in cell-mediated cytolysis", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 80: 6361-6365}. The resulting "ladder" of DNA fragments is considered to be characteristic of this programmed suicide pathway. The observation that perforin induces cell lysis, but not DNA fragmentation {Duke, R. C., et al, (1989), "Purified perforin induces target cell lysis but not DNA fragmentation", J. Exp. Med., 170: 1451-1456} suggests that other granule components are likely to be responsible for the induction of apoptotic cell death. The granzymes, a family of granule-associated serine proteases, are candidate perforin-independent cytolytic effector molecules {Pasternack, M. S. and H. N. Eisen, (1985), "A novel serine esterase expressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes", Nature, 314: 743-745; Masson, D. and J. Tschopp, (1987), "A family of serine esterases in lytic granules of cytolytic T lymphocytes", Cell 49: 679-685}. Although purified granzymes are not directly cytotoxic, the ability of protease inhibitors to block lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis suggests that they play a role in target cell killing {Lavie, G., et al, (1985), "The mechanism of human NK cell mediated cytotoxicity. Mode of action of surface-associated proteases in the early stages of the lytic reaction", J. Immunol., 135: 1470-1476; Rodgers, K. E., et al, (1988), "Inhibition of cytotoxic T lymphocyte and natural killer cell-mediated lysis by O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate is at an early post-recognition step", J. Immunol., 140: 564-570}. The observation that granzyme A, the most abundant granule-associated serine protease, can induce DNA fragmentation in detergent permeabilized EL4 cells argues that these molecules might contribute to the induction of apoptosis in CTL targets {Hayes, M. P., et al, (1989), "Induction of target cell DNA release by the cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule protease granzyme A", J. Exp. Med., 170: 933-946}. The further demonstration that the combination of granzymes and perforin can induce DNA fragmentation in unpermeabilized target cells suggests that perforin might be involved in the delivery of granzymes to target cells {Hayes, et al, supra, (1989); Shi, L., et al, (1992), "A natural killer cell granule protein that induces DNA fragmentation and apoptosis", J. Exp. Med., 175: 553-566}. Finally, transfection of RBL cells with a combination of perforin and granzyme A confers the ability to induce DNA fragmentation in selected target cells {Shiver and Henkart, supra, (1991)}. Because the amount of DNA fragmentation induced by these cells is significantly less than that induced by CTLs, it is possible that additional granule-associated molecules are involved in the induction of apoptotic cell death.

Recently, another class of granule-associated proteins that are also able to induce DNA fragmentation in CTL target cells has been identified. TIA-1 is an RNA-binding protein that was initially identified by a monoclonal antibody (2G9) reactive with a 15 kD protein whose expression was restricted to CTLs and NK cells {Anderson, P., et al, (1990), "A monoclonal antibody reactive with a 15-kDa cytoplasmic granule-associated protein defines a subpopulation of CD8+ T lymphocytes", J. Imunol., 144: 574-582}. Mitogenic activation induced the expression of immunoreactive isoforms of TIA-1 that migrated at 28 kD, 40 kD and 53 kD. Immunoselection of a .lambda.gt11 cDNA library using the monoclonal antibody reactive with TIA-1 identified two related cDNAs that encode p15-TIA-1 (1T4T8.9-5, 1.6 kb) and p40-TIA-1 (12G9.4, 2.2 kb) {Tian, Q., et al, (1991), "A polyadenylate binding protein localized to the granules of cytolytic lymphocytes induces DNA fragmentation in target cells", Cell, 67: 629-639}. Both TIA-1 isoforms were able to induce DNA fragmentation in permeabilized target cells, suggesting that they might be the granule-associated proteins responsible for the induction of apoptotic cell death in CTL target cells. Nothing is known about the molecular mechanisms by which TIA-1 triggers DNA fragmentation in target cells. Identification of cDNAs encoding TIA-1 binding proteins would be a first step in the molecular characterization of TIA-1 function. Further, characterization of the proteins would be useful to screen for drugs that induce apoptotic death in target cells.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to identify cDNAs encoding TIA-1 binding proteins.

These and other objects have been achieved by providing isolated cDNA comprising a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation.

In a preferred embodiment, the isolated cDNA sequence that encodes a polypeptide is SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:3.

The invention further provides isolated cDNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions to a nucleic acid probe comprising a six- to at least twenty-nucleotide segment having a sequence complementary to the six- to at least twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:3.

The invention even further provides isolated cDNA that hybridizes under low-stringency conditions to a nucleic acid probe comprising a sequence complementary to the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:3.

The invention even further provides a purified nucleic acid that hybridizes under stringent conditions to a nucleic acid probe comprising a six- to at least a twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:3 or a segment having a complementary sequence to the six- to at least twenty-nucleotide segment.

The invention even further provides purified nucleic acid that hybridizes under low-stringency conditions to a nucleic acid probe comprising the coding sequence or a sequence complementary to the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:3.

The invention even further provides a substantially pure polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation.

In a preferred embodiment, the isolated polypeptide has an amino acid sequence that is SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:4.

The invention even further provides a substantially pure polypeptide that is immunologically reactive with monoclonal antibody 2B5 produced by a hybridoma designated ATCC #HB-11721.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 represents an immunoblotting analysis of TIA-1 fusion proteins. Yeast strain GGY::171 was transformed with pMA424 encoding a fusion protein between the DNA binding domain of GAL4 and TIA-1 (rp40-GAL4DNA) or the GAL4 DNA binding domain alone (GAL4DNA). Yeast cell lysates were prepared using 2% TRITON X-100, 100 Mm NaCl, 100 mM Tris HCl, pH 8.0, 1 mM EDTA. Lysates were affinity precipitated using either poly(U)-agarose or SEPHAROSE immobilized anti-TIA-1. After separation on a 10% SDS polyacrylamide gel, and transfer to nitrocellulose, blots were probed with anti-TIA-1, and developed using the ECL method.

FIG. 2A is a schematic representation of the two-hybrid system used to identify cDNAs encoding TIA-1 binding proteins.

FIG. 2B is a schematic representation of how TIABP1 and TIABP2 are believed to interact with the RNA binding domains and the carboxy-terminal auxiliary domain, respectively, of TIA-1.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D and 3E give the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:1) and deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) of TIABP1.

FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E and 4F give the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:3) and deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:4) of TIABP2.

FIG. 5 is a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of TIABP1 with the amino acid sequences of known E2-type ubiquitin conjugating enzymes. Amino acids common to all ubiquitin conjugating enzymes are depicted in bold type. In FIG. 5, HHR6B means human homolog of RAD6 {Koken M. H. M. et al., (1991) "Structural and Functional Conservation of Two Human Homologs of the Yeast DNA Repair Gene RAD6", Proc. natl. Acad. Sic., 88: 8865-8869}; Human E2 means E2-Type ubiquitin conjugating enzyme; HHR6A means Human homolog of RAD6 {Koken, M. H. M. et al, supra (1991)}; Dhr6 means Drosophila homolog of RAD6 {Koken M. et al, (1991), "Dhr6, a Drosophila homolog of the yeast DNA-repair gene RAD6", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 88: 383203836}; rhp6 means RAD6 homolog in pombe {Reynolds P. et al, (1990), "The rhp6.sup..+-. gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe: A Structural and Functional Homolog of the RAD6 Gene from the Distantly Related Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae", EMBO J., 9: 1423-1430}; and RAD6 means radiation mutant number 6 {Jentsch S. et al, (1987), "The Yeast DNA Repair Gene RAD6 Encodes a Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzymep", Nature, 329: 131-134}.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic representations of the two-hybrid system used to screen for drugs inhibiting the interaction between TIA-1 and TIABP1.

FIG. 7 is a Northern blotting analysis that shows the expression of mRNAs encoding TIABP2 in various tissues. Poly(A) mRNA extracted from the indicated human tissues was separated on a 1% formaldehyde agarose gel prior to transferring to nitrocellulose. The blot was then probed with a complete cDNA encoding TIABP2. The relative migrations of RNA size markers are shown on the left.

FIG. 8 is a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of TIABP2 with several known protein kinases. Consensus sequences corresponding to the 10 signature motifs that define protein kinases are vindicated below the sequences. Consensus sequence V is omitted. Asterisks over the TIABP2 sequences indicate amino acids that are shared by TIABP2 and the HSV-2 kinase ICP10. Peptide inserts found in the TIABP2 sequence that are absent from the src sequence are indicated by lines labeled A through G.

FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C depict expression of recombinant TIABP2 in Cos cells.

For FIG. 9A, Cos cells transformed with pMT2 (TIABP2) were lysed in NP-40 lysis buffer. Lysates were then immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibodies reactive with the HA tag (anti-HA), TIABP2 (anti-2B5 designated anti-TIAK) or an isotype-matched control antibody. Immunoprecipitates were then subjected to an in vitro kinase assay {Parker, R., et al (1984), "Expression of v-src and chicken c-src in rat cells demonstrates qualitative differences between pp60 v-src and pp60 c-src", Cell, 37: 131}, separated on a 10% SDS polyacrylamide gel, and exposed for autoradiography. A prominent 65 kD protein which is the size expected of the hemagglutinin tagged TIABP2 molecule is identified in these autoradiograms (arrow). Lower molecular weight phosphoproteins might be proteolytic degradation products of the full length TIABP2 kinase. The relative migration of molecular-size markers is is shown at the left.

For FIG. 9B, Cos cell lysates prepared from cells transformed with pMT2 (HA-TIAPB2) (here designated Cos (HA-TIAK)) or the PMT vector alone (Cos (vector)), were immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibodies reactive with the hemagglutinin tag (anti-HA) or with an isotype-matched control monoclonal antibody. Affinity precipitates were separated on a 10% SDS polyacrylamide gel, transferred to PVDF membranes, and then subjected to a renaturation procedure followed by the addition of .sup.32 P.gamma. ATP. After washing the filters, they were exposed for autoradiography. The autophosphorylated TIABP2 kinase was identified as a 65 kD phosphoprotein (arrow), confirming the intrinsic kinase activity of TIABP2. The autophosphorylated kinase was then excised from the PVDF filter and subjected to amino acid hydrolysis. Hydrolyzed amino acids were then separated on a two-dimensional electrophoresis, thin-layer chromatography apparatus (FIG. 9C). The relative migration of standards for phosphoserine (PS), phosphothreonine (PT) and phosphotyrosine (PY) are indicated. This analysis confirms that TIABP2 is a serine/threonine kinase.

FIGS. 10A, 10B, and 10C characterize natural TIABP2.

FIG. 10A is an immunoprecipitation of natural TIABP2 from lysates of HeLa cells and K562 cells. Immunoprecipitates were prepared using a monoclonal antibody reactive with TIABP2 (anti-2B5, here designated anti-TIAK) or with an isotype-matched control monoclonal antibody. Immunoprecipitates were subjected to the in vitro kinase assay prior to separation on a 10% SDS polyacrylamide gel. After transferring to nitrocellulose membranes, autoradiograms revealed a phosphorylated doublet centered around 65 kD which was specifically observed in immunoprecipitates prepared with antibodies reactive with TIABP2. In some cells (such as K562 shown in this figure), immunoprecipitates subjected to the in vitro kinase assay also included additional phosphoproteins migrating at 50 kD, 34 kD, and 21 kD. The identity of these candidate TIABP2 substrates is unknown. FIG. 10B shows that natural TIABP2 is a constitutively phosphorylated protein. In this experiment, Jurkat cells labeled with .sup.32 P-orthophosphate were lysed with NP-40 lysis buffer and immunoprecipitated with a monoclonal antibody reactive with TIABP2 (anti-2B5, here designated anti-TIAK) or with an isotype-matched control antibody. The monoclonal antibody reactive with TIABP2 specifically precipitated a phosphorylated doublet centered around 65 kD (arrows). When these phosphorylated bands were excised from the gel and subjected to amino acid hydrolysis, natural TIAK was found to be phosphorylated exclusively on serine and threonine residues (FIG. 10C).

FIG. 11 shows the physical association between TIABP2 and TIA-1. Whole cell lysates prepared from Cos transformants expressing HA-TIABP2 were separated on a 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel (lane 1), or affinity precipitated using mAb 2B5 (lane 2), immobilized GST (lane 3), GST-p15-TIA-1 (lane 4), or GST-p40-TIA-1 (lane 5). After transferring to nitrocellulose, the blot was probed with anti-2B5, a mAb reactive with TIABP2. The relative migration of molecular size markers is shown at the left.

FIG. 12 shows the effects of p15-TIA-1 on the kinase activity of TIABP2. Lysates prepared from Cos cells transformed with TIABP2 were immunoprecipitated using anti-2B5, and subjected to the in vitro kinase assay in the presence of 5 .mu.g/ml GST (lane 1), 5 .mu.g/ml GST-fyn-SH3 (a fusion protein encoding GST at the amino terminus and the SH3 binding domain of the fyn kinase at the carboxyl terminus), (lane 2), 5 .mu.g/ml GST-TIAR (a fusion protein between GST and the TIA-1 related protein TIAR), (lane 3), 1 .mu.g/ml GST-p15-TIA-1 (lane 4), 5 .mu.g/ml GST-p15-TIA-1 (lane 5), 10 .mu.g/ml GST-p15-TIA-1 (lane 6), or 20 .mu.g/ml GST-p15-TIA-1 (lane 7) as described in the Detailed Description of the Invention section. The relative migration of molecular-size markers is shown at the left. The relative migration of phosphorylated substrates is shown at the right.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A family of cytotoxic granule-associated RNA-binding proteins (TIA-1 and TIAR) that appear to be involved in lymphocyte mediated cytolysis have been identified and are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,079,343, 5,298,407, and 5,340,935 (all three of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference). The ability of purified recombinant TIA-1 and TIAR to induce DNA fragmentation in digitonin-permeabilized thymocytes suggests that these molecules activate an endogenous pathway of programmed cell death in CTL targeted cells. The molecular interactions by which TIA-1 and TIAR trigger programmed cell death are unknown. The present inventors have employed a genetic approach to identify molecular substrates for TIA-1 that might be involved in the programmed cell death pathway. Using the two hybrid system, the present inventors have isolated two distinct cDNAs encoding TIA-1 binding proteins and have designated them TIABP1 and TIABP2. TIABP1 and TIABP2 interact with the RNA-binding domain and the carboxy-terminal auxiliary domain of TIA-1, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of TIABP2 is related to the protein kinases and the deduced amino acid sequence of TIABP1 reveals it to be a member of a family of E2-type ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. Because the ubiquitin pathway has been implicated in such diverse biologic processes as spermatogenesis, sporulation, DNA repair and programmed cell death, the interaction between TIA-1 and TIABP1 is expected to directly, or indirectly, trigger the programmed cell death pathway. Surprisingly, the present inventors found that p53, a tumor suppressor molecule that is also involved in triggering programmed cell death, also interacts with the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme TIABP1. Because the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p53 is thought to be essential for malignant transformation induced by papilloma viruses, drugs that disrupt the interaction between TIABP1 and p53 are expected to have anti-tumor activity against HPV-induced human cancers.

The present invention includes an isolated cDNA comprising a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation. The isolated cDNA includes a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that binds the RNA binding domain and another sequence that binds the carboxy-terminal auxiliary domain of TIA-1.

The polypeptide that binds the carboxy-terminal auxiliary domain also is immunologically reactive with monoclonal antibody 2B5 produced by the hybridoma designated ATCC #HB-11721.

In a preferred embodiment, the isolated cDNA has a sequence, and the cDNA sequence encodes a polypeptide that is substantially identical to SEQ ID NO:1 or to SEQ ID NO:3.

Plasmids carrying the cDNA having SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3 were deposited on Jul. 30, 1993, at the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. 20852 under the terms of the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the purposes of Patent Procedure. The plasmids were designated ATCC #69371 and ATCC #69372, respectively.

A hybridoma that produces a monoclonal antibody that reacts with TIABP2 and fragments of TIABP2 was deposited on Sep. 27, 1994; also at the ATCC under the terms of the Budapest Treaty. The hybridoma was designated ATCC #HB-11721.

The term "polypeptide" as used herein means a mature protein, precursors of the mature protein and fragments of either.

The phrase "isolated complementary DNA (cDNA)" as used herein is intended to denote a DNA molecule that is complementary to a naturally occurring mRNA encoding the TIA-1 binding proteins, and that has been engineered or synthesized so that the polypeptide-encoding sequence it includes is not flanked by the genes which, in the naturally-occurring genome of the organism from which such polypeptide-encoding sequence originated, normally flank such sequence.

The phrase "purified nucleic acid" as used herein means an RNA or DNA molecule that is substantially free of those other nucleic acid molecules with which it naturally associates within a cell: e.g., less than 30% of the purified nucleic acid preparation is made up of such contaminating naturally-occurring molecules. Either a purified nucleic acid or an isolated cDNA may be produced, for example, by cloning a fragment of genomic DNA, by creating a cDNA from a mRNA template, or by synthetically manufacturing a nucleic acid of the appropriate sequence.

The phrase "stringent conditions" as used herein to describe hybridization means the conditions described in Sambrook et al, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989. "Low-stringency conditions" as used herein to describe hybridization means the following: Prehybridization in 50% formamide, 5.times. SSC, 25 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), 5.times. Denhart's, and 50 .mu.g/ml denatured salmon sperm DNA for 4-12 hours at 20.degree. C.; hybridization for 12-24 hours at 20.degree. C.; washing in 5.times. SSC containing 0.1% SDS, at 20.degree. C.

The phrase "binds TIA-1 in a double transformation" as used herein means that the polypeptide encoded by the DNA binds in a double transformation, as described more fully in Example I herein, in which two fusion proteins are expressed, each fusion protein comprising a domain necessary for expression of a marker gene. One fusion protein comprises the polypeptide adjacent to one of the domains and the other fusion protein comprises TIA-1 adjacent to the other of the domains. When the polypeptide binds TIA-1, the two domains cooperate to express the marker gene.

The phrase "immunologically reactive" as used herein means that the antibody and antigen bind to each other (i.e., form an immune complex) with sufficient specificity to permit immunoassay of the antigen or antibody under standard conditions. The phrase does not necessarily exclude the possibility that the antibody binds other antigens: e.g., multimers of the antigen or related proteins as described below.

The term "TIA-1" as used herein includes within its scope naturally occurring TIA-1 as well as recombinant embodiments such as p40-TIA-1 and isoforms of p40-TIA-1.

The isoforms of p40-TIA-1 referred to above are those disclosed in the above mentioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,079,343, 5,298,407 and 5,340,935. The isoforms include the polypeptide designated as rp40-TIA-1 and the polypeptide designated as rp15-TIA-1, and these may have the specific amino acid sequences set forth in the referenced patents.

The term "substantially identical", when referring to a DNA sequence that encodes a polypeptide having a recited function means a DNA sequence that may be altered to substitute one codon coding for a specific amino acid for another codon coding for the same amino acid as well as a DNA sequence that has one or more nucleotide substitutions, deletions and/or insertions, but the encoded polypeptide retains its recited function. Thus, for example, a DNA base sequence substantially identical to a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that binds p40-TIA-1 or isoforms thereof could have nucleotide substitutions, deletions and/or insertions as long as the sequence encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1. Similarly, a DNA base sequence that encodes a polypeptide that has serine/threonine kinase activity could have nucleotide substitutions, deletions and/or insertions as long as the encoded polypeptide retains its serine/threonine kinase activity.

"Substantially identical" DNA sequences include allelic varients.

Appropriate substitutions, deletions and/or insertions can be made and tested by the skilled artisan. Specifically, cDNAs encoding TIABP1 or TIABP2 can be modified to specifically delete or insert one or more codons using site-directed mutagenesis {Foss K. and W. H. McClain, (1987), Gene, 59: 285-290}. By expressing these cDNAs as fusion proteins with, for example, the GAL4 activation domain, and producing double transformants as described in Example I, the resulting effect on the TIA-1 binding properties of the mutant can be determined.

DNA sequences that are "substantially identical" to the sequences coding for TIABP1 and TIABP2 and which therefore encode proteins that retain the ability to bind TIA-1, can be prepared in the following manner. By using a method known as linker scanning mutagenesis, a linker sequence recognized by both Kpn1 and Asp718 restriction enzymes (GGTACC:Kpn1 cuts between cytosine residues and Asp718 cuts between guanine residues) is inserted at 30 nucleotide intervals throughout the TIABP1 and the TIABP2 cDNAs. Individual linker sequences can be constructed using oligonucleotide mediated mutagenesis which is a common method in the art. The construction of these linker scanning mutants allows construction of cDNAs encoding 10 amino acid deletions throughout the coding sequence. In a similar manner, these mutants allow insertion of a random 10 amino acid sequence at any site within the coding region. This sequence can be produced using oligonucleotides encoding a random amino acid sequence which are flanked by Kpn1 Asp718.

G T V D A G K L amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 15)ggt acC GTC GAC GCC GGC AAG CTT GCT GGA TCC Tgt acc oligo 1 (SEQ ID NO: 14)cCA TGG CAG CTG CGG CCG TTC GAA CGA CCT AGG CCA TGg oligo 2KpnI SalI NaeI HindIII BamHI Asp718 restriction sites

The sequence can be inserted into the coding sequence by cutting upstream linkers with Kpn1 and downstream linkers with Asp718. Each mutant can then be tested for its ability to bind specifically to the TIA-1 protein. In this way, substantially identical cDNAs that have deletions or insertions that do not affect the ability of their encoded proteins to interact with TIA-1 protein can be identified.

Also within the present invention is isolated cDNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions, as defined above, to a nucleic acid probe comprising a six-nucleotide segment (preferably at least 10 nucleotides, and more preferably at least 20 nucleotides) having a sequence complementary to a six- to at least twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:3.

The present invention also includes an isolated cDNA that hybridizes under low-stringency conditions, as defined above, to a nucleic acid probe comprising a sequence complementary to the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:3.

In a further embodiment, the present invention includes a purified nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) that hybridizes under stringent conditions, as defined above, to a nucleic acid probe comprising a six-nucleotide segment (preferably at least 10 nucleotides, more preferably at least 20 nucleotides) of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:3 or a segment having a complementary sequence to the six- to at least twenty-nucleotide segment.

The present invention further includes a purified nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) that hybridizes under low-stringency conditions, as defined above, to a nucleic acid probe comprising the coding sequence or a sequence complementary to the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:3.

The substantially pure polypeptides referred to herein as binding to TIA-1 in a double transformation and/or as being immunologically reactive with monoclonal antibody 2B5 produced by hybridoma ATCC #HB-11721, are naturally occurring compounds, recombinantly produced compounds, or synthetically prepared compounds or fragments of the compounds. The genetically-engineered forms or those synthetically produced may differ from the protein defined by SEQ ID NOS:2 and 4 by one or more (but less than about 70%) of its amino acid residues (i.e., there should be about 30% amino acid identity), so long as they retain the recited function.

The phrase "amino acid sequence substantially identical to" means an amino acid sequence that differs from the recited sequence by one or more (but less than 70%) of its amino acid residues and retains the function of the referenced amino acid sequence as determined by routine experimentation.

I. Isolation of cDNA Clones Encoding TIA-1 Binding Proteins

The cDNA encoding p40-TIA-1 was cloned, by known methods, into the multilinker of the publicly available pMA424 vector to produce a fusion protein consisting of the GAL4 DNA binding domain (1-147) at the amino terminus and p40-TIA-1 at the carboxyl terminus. Transformation of yeast strain GGY::171 with this recombinant plasmid followed by selection on SC-His plates resulted in the efficient expression of the fusion protein as shown in FIG. 1. Because this fusion protein lacks the GAL4 activation domain, it is unable to induce .beta.-galactosidase expression, which in GGY::171 is under control of the GAL4 promoter. The identification of cDNAs encoding TIA-1 binding proteins can then be accomplished by co-transforming GGY::171 cells with pMA424 (TIA-1) and clones from a cDNA library (e.g., B cell cDNA is cloned into the Xho I site of pSE1107) expressing fusion proteins consisting of the GAL4 activation domain (768-881) at the amino terminus and peptides encoded by individual cDNAs at the carboxyl terminus (FIG. 2A). Selection for double transformants expressing .beta.-galactosidase (i.e., blue colonies on X-gal plates) identifies cDNAs encoding candidate TIA-1 binding proteins that juxtapose the GAL4 activation domain and the GAL4 DNA binding domain as a consequence of the TIA1:TIA-1-binding protein interaction. By screening the double transformants in this manner, .beta.-galactosidase expressing colonies can be identified. Of these, those expressing a 1.2 kb insert and those expressing a 1.5 kb insert coding for the TIA-1 binding proteins (TIABP1 and TIABP2) of the present invention were isolated.

One colony induced the expression of significantly more .beta.-galactosidase than the others, prompting its selection for further analysis. The pSE1107 plasmid isolated from this colony contained a 1.5 kb cDNA insert capable of encoding an amino acid peptide, designated TIABP2, fused to the GAL4 transactivation domain. Because truncation mutants of TIA-1 possessing only the three RNA binding domains (delta 207) did not induce .beta.-galactosidase expression with TIABP2, it is likely that TIABP2 interacts with the carboxy-terminal protein interaction domain of TIA-1 (data not shown) as schematized in FIG. 2B. Interestingly, interaction of TIABP2 with TIAR {Kawakami, A. T., et al, (1992), "Identification and functional characterization of a TIA-1-related nucleolysin", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89: 8681-8685}, a TIA-1 related RNA binding protein capable of triggering DNA fragmentation in permeabilized thymocytes, also induced .beta.-galactosidase expression in the yeast two-hybrid system. TIABP2 did not, however, interact with another RRM-type RNA-binding protein, the human poly(A)-binding protein, nor did it interact with several control proteins including p53 and Rb, suggesting that its interaction with TIA-1 and TIAR is specific. The 1.5 kb insert encoding TIABP2 was used to screen a placental cDNA library by hybridization. This resulted in isolation of a 1.8 kb cDNA. Because the first methionine conforms to the consensus "Kozak" sequence {Kozak, M. 1984. Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAS. Nucl. Acids Res. 12: 857}, it is likely to encode the initiating methionine. Northern blots probed with this 1.8 kb cDNA detected a widely expressed 1.8 kb mRNA (FIG. 7).

The nucleotide sequences (SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3) and deduced amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO:4) of TIABP1 and TIABP2 are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively.

Because truncation mutants of TIA-1 possessing only the three RNA binding domains (delta 207) induced .beta.-galactosidase expression with TIABP1 but not with TIABP2, TIABP1 is believed to interact with the RNA binding domain of TIA-1. Further, the deduced amino acid sequence of TIABP1 was found to be structurally related to a family of E2 type ubiquitin activating enzymes (FIG. 5) found in the databases GenBank-76 and NBRF PIR-36.

TIABP1 and TIABP2 can be expressed in prokaryotic cells, preferably E. coli, and in eukaryotic cells by methods known in the art. Both TIABP1 and TIABP2 have been cloned into the pGEX vector and expressed as fusion proteins with glutathione-S-transferase. By transformation of E. coli, strain DH5, with these recombinant expression vectors, fusion peptides including TIABP1 and TIABP2 were purified. In addition, both TIABP1 and TIABP2 were cloned into the pMT2 vector and used to transform Cos cells in a transient assay. Both proteins were expressed in these cells as demonstrated by their reactivity with both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific for each polypeptide.

II. Interaction between TIABP1 and p53

E2-type ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (UCE) transfer ubiquitin to the epsilon amino groups of lysine residues on selected substrates. Although the determinants of substrate specificity for individual UCEs are poorly understood, individual UCEs have the potential to ubiquitinate more than one substrate. Because of this, TIABP1 was screened for the ability to interact with molecular substrates that might, like TIA-1, be involved in cell cycle progression. As shown in the Table below, the tumor suppressor gene p53 was uniquely able to interact with TIABP1 to induce the expression of .beta.-galactosidase in yeast transformants. Importantly, previously identified mutant forms of p53 that lacked tumor suppressor activity (i.e., 175, 273) induced significantly less 62 -galactosidase expression. In each case, fusion proteins were designed to exclude the transactivation domain of p53 (aa 1-73) to avoid its influence on the transcriptional activation of .beta.-galactosidase.

TABLE______________________________________Expression of .beta.-galactosidasein Yeast Double-transformantsFusion protein A(units) Fusion protein B .beta.-gal______________________________________GAL4DNA:p53 GAL4TA:TIABP2 0.45GAL4DNA:p40-TIA-1 GAL4TA:TIABP2 142.86GAL4DNA:RB GAL4TA:TIABP2 0.33GAL4DNA:RB GAL4TA:TIABP1 0.36GAL4DNA:p53(W) GAL4TA:TIABP1 84.79GAL4DNA:p53(273) GAL4TA:TIABP1 60.59GAL4DNA:p53(175) GAL4TA:TIABP1 62.50GAL4DNA:p40-TIA-1 GAL4TA:TIABP1 40.21______________________________________

The p53 gene product is thought to block cell cycle progression at the G1/S boundary. Its expression is therefore antiproliferative, and its inactivation appears to be required for the malignant transformation of a number of cell types. The ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p53 has been shown to be an important post-translational event in the regulation of p53 expression. In malignant transformation induced by papilloma viruses, inactivation of p53 requires the E6 viral protein, which enhances its ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Cervical carcinomas resulting from papilloma virus infection are characterized by their low levels of p53 expression. If TIABP1 is specifically involved in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p53, this interaction may be a critical step in malignant transformation.

III. Protein Kinase Activity of TIABP2

Comparison of the amino acid sequence of TIABP2 with sequences in the EMBL protein database revealed a weak similarity with a serine/threonine kinase encoded by herpes simplex viruses (HSV) 1 and 2 (FIG. 8). This observation led the inventors to compare the amino acid sequence of TIABP2 with signature sequences indicative of protein kinase activity (FIG. 8). Although TIABP2 does not encode all of the "invariant" consensus residues, its sequence is similar to that of the known kinases in each of 10 highly conserved regions (FIG. 8). TIABP2 is expressed in Cos cells as a fusion protein encoding an amino terminal hemaglutinin (HA) epitope tag. Immunoprecipitates prepared using anti-HA were subjected to the in vitro kinase assay and separated on a 10% SDS polyacrylamide gel. These immunoprecipitates contain the expected 65 kD HA-TIABP2 fusion protein (FIG. 9A, arrow) indicating that TIABP2 possesses intrinsic protein kinase activity. The protein kinase activity of TIABP2 was confirmed in the renaturation kinase assay shown in FIG. 9B. In this experiment, Cos cells transformed with the hemagglutinin tagged version of TIABP2 or with the vector alone were lysed with NP-40 lysis buffer and immunoprecipitated with antibodies reactive with the HA tag. Cos cells expressing HA-TIABP2 (here designated HA-TIAK) specifically included a 65 kD protein which was phosphorylated in this renaturation kinase assay (FIG. 9B, arrow). This assay confirms that the 65 kD phosphoprotein possesses intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and that it is not a transphosphorylation product of an associated protein kinase. The amino acid specificity of the TIABP2 kinase was determined by analysis of hydrolytic digests of the autophosphorylated TIABP2 kinases shown in FIG. 9C. This analysis indicates that TIABP2 is a serine/threonine kinase.

IV. Characterization of Natural TIABP2

A monoclonal antibody reactive with recombinant TIABP2 (FIG. 10A), labeled anti-TIAK), but not an isotype-matched control antibody, precipitated a doublet centered around 65 kD from both HeLa and K562 lysates that were specifically labeled in the in vitro kinase assay. Immunoprecipitates prepared from K562 cell lysates also included additional phosphoproteins migrating at 50 kD, 34 kD, and 21 kD. Although the identity of these associated proteins is unknown, they are possible substrates for the kinase activity of TIABP2. Natural TIABP2 expressed in Jurkat cells was found to be a constitutively phosphorylated protein which migrated as a doublet centered around 65 kD (FIG. 10B, arrows). The constitutive phosphorylation of TIABP2 occurred exclusively on serine and threonine residues as shown in the phosphoamino acid analysis shown in FIG. 10C.

V. Physical Interaction between TIA-1 and TIABP2

Results obtained using the yeast two-hybrid system suggested a specific interaction between TIABP2 and the protein interaction domain of TIA-1. These results were confirmed by showing that TIABP2 contained in lysates from Cos transformants could be specifically co-precipitated by GST fusion proteins expressing the protein interaction domain of TIA-1. FIG. 11 shows that lysates prepared from Cos cells transformed with TIABP2 contain a 65 kD protein that is recognized by a monoclonal antibody reactive with TIABP2 (lane 1). Affinity precipitates prepared using glutathione beads coupled to GST did not contain the 65 kD recombinant TIABP2 protein (lane 2). Affinity precipitates prepared using glutathione beads coupled to either GST-p15-TIA-1 (lane 3) or GST-p40-TIA-1 (lane 4) included the 65 kD TIABP2 protein. This result is consistent with results obtained using the two hybrid system, and suggest that TIABP2 interacts with the carboxy terminal protein interaction domain of TIA-1.

VI. Regulation of TIABP2 by TIA-1

Cos cells transformed with a cDNA encoding TIABP2 were lysed with NP-40 lysis buffer and immunoprecipitated using anti-2B5. These immunoprecipitates were subjected to the in vitro kinase assay in the presence of GST-fusion proteins encoding either control peptides or p15-TIA-1 (FIG. 12). Each of these immunoprecipitates expressed a 65 kD phosphoprotein migrating in the position expected for TIABP2 (in FIG. 12 designated TIAK). In the presence of GST alone or a GST-fusion protein encoding the SH3 domain of the fyn tyrosine kinase, additional transphorylated substrates were not identified. However, in the presence of GST-fusion proteins encoding p15-TIA-1, the appearance of transphosphorylated substrates migrating at 34 kD and 21 kD were induced in a dose-dependent manner. The 21 kD phosphoprotein was not observed at the highest concentration of GST-p15-TIA-1 (20 .mu.g/ml). At this concentration, the GST-p15-TIA-1 itself became a target for phosphorylation, suggesting that competition for phosphorylation of the two proteins might be responsible for this result. The autophosphorylation of TIABP2 was not changed in the presence or absence of GST-p15-TIA-1. These results suggest that TIA-1 can alter the ability of TIABP2 to transphosphorylate associated substrates.

VII. Use

The ability of TIA-1 to enhance the protein kinase activity of TIABP2 suggests that the activation of TIABP2 may be required for the induction of apoptotic cell death. Because the kinase activity of TIABP2 can be easily measured in vitro, it will be possible to screen for small drugs which either activate or inhibit the activity of this serine/threonine kinase. It will also be possible to screen for small drugs that disrupt the specific association between TIA-1 and TIABP2 that is likely to occur during CTL-mediated killing of target cells. Such drugs would be expected to have protective activity against inflammatory conditions in which TIA-1-mediated killing of target cells induced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes is important in the pathophysiology of disease. Examples of such diseases would include graft vs. host disease of the skin, renal allograft rejection, and all transplantation organ rejections.

TIA-1 is a cytotoxic granule-associated RNA binding protein that is a candidate toxin used by cytotoxic lymphocytes in the destruction of target cells. Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for the toxic effects of TIA-1 are unknown, the ability of purified recombinant TIA-1 to induce DNA fragmentation in permeabilized target cells suggests that this protein might induce apoptotic death in cells into which it is introduced. Target cell proteins that interact with TIA-1 are candidate substrates in a molecular cascade leading to target cell death. As such, cDNAs encoding TIABP1 and TIABP2 and the recombinant proteins that they encode, can be used in in vitro assays to search for drugs with the ability to disrupt the specific interaction between TIA-1 and the individual TIABPs. One example of such an application is outlined in Example II.

Because TIABP1 is an E2-type ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, it is likely to be involved in the ubiguitin-mediated degradation of TIA-1. The expression of toxic molecules such as TIA-1 must be closely regulated in the cell to prevent unwanted toxic effects. The present inventors have observed TIA-1 to be rapidly degraded in an ubiguit-independent manner in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. If a TIABP1 homolog is specifically involved in this process, then the regulation of the TIABP1 protein itself might be important in regulating the expression of TIA-1 as well. Using cDNAs reactive with TIABP1 and the polyclonal antisera reactive with the recombinant and natural TIABP1 protein, it will be possible to screen for transcriptional regulators that turn off the expression of this regulatory protein. Such a compound might be expected to result in increased expression of TIA-1 and, consequently, death of the cell. If compounds can be isolated which are preferentially taken up by rapidly growing cells, then such compounds could be used as anti-cancer agents. Because TIABP1 may also regulate the expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53, its decreased expression might also result in an increase in p53 protein, thus triggering apoptosis in a rapidly growing cell.

Purified recombinant TIABP2 protein and cDNAs encoding TIABP2 will allow, in an analogous fashion, screening for small drugs that can either disrupt or enhance the specific association between TIA-1 and TIABP2. Given the potential role of TIA-1 as a molecular toxin, such agents would be candidate anti-cancer drugs.

EXAMPLES

The present invention will now be described by reference to specific examples which are not meant to limit the invention in any way.

Example I

Isolation and Characterization of Two cDNA Clones Encoding TIA-1 Binding Proteins TIABP1 and TIABP2

The yeast expression vector PVA424 was digested with the restriction enzymes EcoR1 and BamH1 which cut within the multilinker region following the GAL4 DNA binding domain. The linearized vector was isolated by electrophoresis in a 1% low-melt agarose gel, after which the band was visualized by transillumination and excised from the gel. The cDNA encoding p40-TIA-1 was excised from the pSP65(.lambda.269.4) vector by a double digestion with BstEII and BamHI. After electrophoretic separation on a 1% low-melt agarose gel, the smaller piece of linear DNA was excised from the gel. The two excised DNA fragments were combined with a synthetic oligolinker of the sequence:

(EcoRI) AAGTCGTCG (SEQ ID NO:12) GCAGCCATTG (BstEII) (SEQ ID NO:13) encoding an EcoR1 site at the upstream and a BstEII site at the downstream end. Following ligation, the full-length plasmid designated PMA424(p40-TIA-1) was isolated, expanded and purified.

Transformation of yeast strain GGY::171 with this recombinant plasmid was achieved by the lithium acetate method as described in Nucleic Acid Research, (1991), 19: 5791. Following selection on SC-his dropout plates, individual transformants were analyzed for their expression of the p40-TIA-1-Gal4 DNA binding domain fusion protein as shown in FIG. 1. Lysates from yeast transformed with the recombinant p40-GAL4 DNA binding domain contained a protein migrating at approximately 65 kD which was recognized by both poly(U)-agarose and by a monoclonal antibody reactive with TIA-1. Conversely, lysates from yeast cells transformed with vectors encoding the GAL4 DNA binding domain alone did not contain this immunoreactive material. In both cases, yeast cell lysates were prepared using 2% TRITON X-100, 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM Tris HCl pH 8.0, 1 mM EDTA. Following affinity precipitation using either poly(U)-agarose or SEPHAROSE immobilized anti-TIA-1 antibodies, precipitates were separated on a 10% SDS polyacrylamide gel and transferred to nitrocellulose. Individual blots were then probed with the monoclonal antibody reactive with TIA-1 and developed using the ECL method.

The identification of cDNAs encoding TIA-1 binding proteins was then accomplished by co-transforming GGY::171 cells with PMA424(p40-TIA-1) and a cDNA library prepared from poly(A) RNA from human B cells from which cDNA was transcribed and cloned into the XhoI site of the pSE1107 vector. In the cDNA library, individual cDNAs were expressed as fusion proteins consisting of the GAL4 activation domain (residues 768-881) at the amino terminus and peptides encoded by individual cDNAs at the carboxyl terminus as diagrammed in FIG. 2A. Following cotransfection, cells were plated on SC-Leu-His dropout medium plates to select for double transformants. After three days at 30.degree. Celsius, yeast colonies were replica plated to Sc-Leu-His dropout medium plates containing X-gal for selection of colonies expressing .beta.-galactosidase. Positive colonies were selected and expanded. To isolate DNA from positive colonies, individual colonies were suspended in 100 .mu.l of lysis buffer (2% TRITON X-100, 1% SDS, 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM Tris HCl pH 8.0, 1 mM EDTA), plus 100 .mu.l of phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol. After the addition of 0.1 gram of glass beads, these preparations were vortexed for two minutes, centrifuged in an Eppendorf centrifuge, and the supernatants were transferred to a clean Eppendorf tube. DNA was then precipitated by the addition of 3 M NaOAc, 250 .mu.l ethanol. After resuspending the precipitated DNA in 4 .mu.l TE buffer, 2 .mu.l of this DNA was used to transform an E. coli LeuB.sup.- strain (W921) by electroporation. DNA was isolated from E. coli transformants and digested with XhoI to liberate the cDNA inserts. After screening 400,000 double transformants of yeast cells, four positive colonies were obtained. Three of these encoded TIABP1 (1.2 kb insert), and one encoded TIABP2 (1.5 kb insert).

The nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:1) and deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:2) of TIABP1 are shown in FIG. 3. The nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:3) and deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:4) of TIABP2 are shown in FIG. 4.

GST Fusion Proteins

The 1.8 kb cDNA encoding TIABP2 was cloned into the EcoR1 site of the polylinker region of pGEX-3X using oligonucleotide linkers. These constructs were designed to express TIABP2 as a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase. An individual colony of E. coli (DH5) bacterial cells transformed with pGEX-3X/TIABP2 was used to inoculate 25 ml of LB media containing ampicillin (100 .mu.g/ml). Cultures were grown with shaking at 37.degree. C. overnight. 20 ml of the overnight culture was used to inoculate 800 ml of 2X YT medium containing 100 .mu.g/ml ampicillin. Cultures were shaken at 37.degree. C. until the O.D..sub.600 was approximately 0.6. At that time, IPTG was added to 0.2 mM final concentration and cultures were incubated for a further 3 hours at 30.degree. C. Cells were then harvested by centrifugation at 4,000 rpm for 10 min. Pellets were suspended in 10 ml of PBS containing 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 0.1 mM PMSF. Cells were then disrupted by sonication, and centrifuged at 40,000 rpm for 30 min at 4.degree. C. to remove insoluble debris. Supernatants were applied to a column of glutathione-agarose beads (Sigma Chemical Company) and incubated for 30 min at 4.degree. C. Beads were then washed 3.times. with 10 ml of PBS containing 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 0.1 mM PMSF, and 2.times. with PBS alone. Individual fusion proteins were then eluted by competition with glutathione applied at 10 mM final concentration in 50 mM Tris, pH 8.0. The eluate was dialyzed against 50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT, pH 8.0, to remove free glutathione. The purified fusion protein was analyzed on a 10% SDS polyacrylamide gel by staining with Coomassie blue. Fusion proteins were also analyzed by immunoblotting using rabbit polyclonal antisera raised against recombinant TIABP2.

Northern Blot Analysis

Nitrocellulose filters containing poly(A)+RNA from the indicated tissues were purchased from Clontech. Each filter was prehybridized in 50% formamide, 5.times. SSC, 25 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), 5.times. Denhart's and 50 mg/ml denatured salmon sperm DNA for 4 hours at 42.degree. C. The 1.8 kb TIABP2 insert DNA was .sup.32 P-labeled by nick translation, diluted in the above solution, and hybridized to the filter for 24 hours at 42.degree. C. The filter was then washed twice with 1.times. SSC containing 0.1% SDS and twice with 0.1.times. SSC containing 0.1% SDS prior to autoradiographic exposure.

Cos Cell Transfections

Cos cells were transfected with the plasmid pMT-2 containing the indicated insert DNA using the diethylaminoethyl dextran method as described by Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual. After three days of culture, transfected cells were solubilized with lysis buffer, and used in the immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting experiments.

Immunoprecipitations

The indicated cell types were lysed in NP-40 lysis buffer (1% NP-40, 150 mN NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 50 mM Tris HCl, pH 8.0), and immunoprecipitations were performed using methods previously described: Anderson, P., et al (1990), "A monoclonal antibody reactive with a 15 kD cytoplasmic granule-associated protein defines a subpopulation of CD8+ T-lymphocytes", Journal of Immunology, 144: 574. Individual immunoprecipitates were separated on a 10% SDS polyacrylamide gel, transferred to nitrocellulose or PVDF filters and revealed and developed using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies as described below.

Immunoblot Analysis

Immunoblotting analysis was carried out as previously described {Anderson, P. et al, (1990), "A monoclonal antibody reactive with a 15-kDa cytoplasmid granule-associated protein defines a subpopulation of CD8+ T lymphocytes", J. Immunol. 144: 574}. Immunoblots were developed using polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies reactive with TIABP2, followed by horse radish peroxidase conjugate protein A/G. Blots were revealed using the ECL detection system (Renaissance, DuPont, Boston, Mass.).

Example II

Method to Screen for Inhibitors of TIABP1:P53 or TIA-1 Interactions

Existing technology can be used to screen for drugs that inhibit the interaction between TIABP1 and its substrates. In the case of p53:TIABP1 interactions, such drugs might have anti-tumor activity directed against HPV-associated cancers expressing low levels of p53. In the case of TIA-1:TIABP1 interactions, such drugs might be beneficial in treating autoimmune diseases in which CTLs are involved in tissue destruction. Examples include graft vs. host disease, allograft rejection following organ transplantation, autoimmune thyroiditis, and autoimmune diabetes melitis.

A variation of the two hybrid system adapted for mammalian cells to screen for inhibitors of TIABP1:TIA-1, TIABP1:p53, and TIABP2:TIA-1 interactions can be employed. The method to be employed is schematized in FIGS. 6A and 6B. The general method involves the construction of plasmids encoding chimeric fusion proteins whose interaction triggers the transcription of a reporter gene in a mammalian cell. One of several promoters, reporter genes, DNA binding proteins, and transactivation domains can be used. In one example (FIG. 6A), plasmids encoding chimeric fusion proteins between: i) the GAL4 DNA-binding domain and TIA-1, and ii) TIABP1 and the VP16 activation domain (411-455) are used to activate transcription of the gene for secreted alkaline phosphatase under control of the GAL4 promoter. In this example, the interaction between TIA-1 and TIABP1 results in constitutive expression of secreted alkaline phosphatase. By culturing these cells in the presence of candidate inhibitors of the TIA-1:TIABP1 interaction, cell supernatants can be screened for decreased alkaline phosphatase activity. In another example (FIG. 6B), plasmids encoding fusion proteins between: i) the tetracycline repressor and TIA-1, and ii) TIABP1 and the V16 transactivation domain (411-455) are used to transform cells expressing a toxin gene such as ricin A under control of a tetracycline promoter. Cells are then cultured in the presence of tetracycline, which prevents the interaction between the tetR and the tet promoter. At confluence, tetracycline is removed and individual drugs are added. The interaction between TIA-1 and TIABP1 results in transcription of ricin A, resulting in cell death. Cells cultured in the presence of drugs which block the interaction between TIA-1 and TIABP1 will survive. A vital dye can be used to screen for viable cells.

Example III

Purification and Isolation of TIABP1 and TIABP2

cDNAS encoding TIABP1 and TIABP2 were cloned into one EcoR1 site of the polylinker region of pGEX-3X using oligonucleotide linkers. These constructs were designed to express both TIABP1 and TIABP2 as fusion proteins with glutathione-S-transferase. Each recombinant plasmid was transfected into E. coli (DH5) and fusion proteins were induced by the addition of IPTG. Individual colonies of DH5 bacterial cells transformed with either pGEX-3X/TIABP1 or pGEX-3X/TIABP2 were used to inoculate 25 ml of LB media containing ampicillin (100 .mu.g/ml). Cultures were grown with shaking at 37.degree. C. overnight. 20 ml of the overnight culture was used to inoculate 800 ml of 2.times. YT medium containing 100 .mu.g/ml ampicillin. Cultures were shaken at 37.degree. C. until the O.D..sub.600 was approximately 0.6. At that time, IPTG was added to 0.2 mM final concentration and cultures were incubated for a further 3 hours at 30.degree. C. Cells were then harvested by centrifugation at 4,000 rpm for 10 min Pellets were suspended in 10 ml of PBS containing 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 0.1 mM PMSF. Cells were then disrupted by sonication, and centrifuged at 40,000 rpm for 30 min at 4.degree. C. to remove insoluble debris. Supernatants were applied to a column of glutathione-agarose beads (Sigma Chemical Company) and incubated for 30 min at 4.degree. C. Beads were then washed 3.times. with 10 ml of PBS containing 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 0.1 mM PMSF, and 2.times. with PBS alone. Individual fusion proteins were then eluted by competition with glutathione applied at 10 mM final concentration in 50 mM Tris, pH 8.0. The eluate was dialyzed against 50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT, pH 8.0, to remove free glutathione. The purified fusion protein was analyzed on a 10% SDS polyacrylamide gel by staining with Coomassie blue. Fusion proteins were also analyzed by immunoblotting using rabbit polyclonal antisera raised against recombinant TIA-1 and recombinant TIAR.

While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

__________________________________________________________________________# SEQUENCE LISTING- (1) GENERAL INFORMATION:- (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 21- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 1206 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)- (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: CDS (B) LOCATION: 172..648#ID NO:1: (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ- CCACCAAACC CAAAAAAAGA GATCTGGAAT TCGGATCCTC GAGGCCACGA AG - #GCCGCGGG 60- CTCCGGAGGG AAGTCCCGAG ACAAAGGGAA GCGCCGCCGC CGCCGCCCCG CT - #CGGTCCTC 120#ATG TCG 177CGCTCGC CGGGGCTGCG GCCGCCCGAG GGACTTTGAA C# Met Ser# 1- GGG ATC GCC CTC AGC AGA CTC GCC CAG GAG AG - #G AAA GCA TGG AGG AAA 225Gly Ile Ala Leu Ser Arg Leu Ala Gln Glu Ar - #g Lys Ala Trp Arg Lys# 15- GAC CAC CCA TTT GGT TTC GTG GCT GTC CCA AC - #A AAA AAT CCC GAT GGC 273Asp His Pro Phe Gly Phe Val Ala Val Pro Th - #r Lys Asn Pro Asp Gly# 30- ACG ATG AAC CTC ATG AAC TGG GAG TGC GCC AT - #T CCA GGA AAG AAA GGG 321Thr Met Asn Leu Met Asn Trp Glu Cys Ala Il - #e Pro Gly Lys Lys Gly# 50- ACT CCG TGG GAA GGA GGC TTG TTT AAA CTA CG - #G ATG CTT TTC AAA GAT 369Thr Pro Trp Glu Gly Gly Leu Phe Lys Leu Ar - #g Met Leu Phe Lys Asp# 65- GAT TAT CCA TCT TCG CCA CCA AAA TGT AAA TT - #C GAA CCA CCA TTA TTT 417Asp Tyr Pro Ser Ser Pro Pro Lys Cys Lys Ph - #e Glu Pro Pro Leu Phe# 80- CAC CCG AAT GTG TAC CCT TCG GGG ACA GTG TG - #C CTG TCC ATC TTA GAG 465His Pro Asn Val Tyr Pro Ser Gly Thr Val Cy - #s Leu Ser Ile Leu Glu# 95- GAG GAC AAG GAC TGG AGG CCA GCC ATC ACA AT - #C AAA CAG ATC CTA TTA 513Glu Asp Lys Asp Trp Arg Pro Ala Ile Thr Il - #e Lys Gln Ile Leu Leu# 110- GGA ATA CAG GAA CTT CTA AAT GAA CCA AAT AT - #C CAA GAC CCA GCT CAA 561Gly Ile Gln Glu Leu Leu Asn Glu Pro Asn Il - #e Gln Asp Pro Ala Gln115 1 - #20 1 - #25 1 -#30- GCA GAG GCC TAC ACG ATT TAC TGC CAA AAC AG - #A GTG GAG TAC GAG AAA 609Ala Glu Ala Tyr Thr Ile Tyr Cys Gln Asn Ar - #g Val Glu Tyr Glu Lys# 145- AGG GTC CGA GCA CAA GCC AAG AAG TTT GCG CC - #C TCA TAAGCAGCGA 655Arg Val Arg Ala Gln Ala Lys Lys Phe Ala Pr - #o Ser# 155- CCTTGTGGCA TCGTCAGAAG GAAGGGATTG GTTTGGCAAG AACTTGTTTA CA - #ACATAATC 715- TAAAGTTGCT CCATACATGA CTAGTCACCT GGGGGGGTTG GGCGGGCGCA TC - #TTCCATTG 775- CCGCCGCGGG TGTGCGTCTC GATTCGCTGA ATTGCCCGTT TCCATACAGG GT - #CTCTTCCT 835- TCGGTCTTTT GTATTTTTGA TTGTTATGTA AAACTCGCTT TTATTTTAAT AT - #TGATGTCA 895- GTATTTCAAC TGCTGTAAAA TTATAAACTT TTATACTTGG GTAAGTCCCC AG - #GCGAGGTT 955- CCTCGCTCTG GGATGCAGGC ATGCTTCTCA CGTGCAGCTG TCAACTTGGC CT - #CAGCTGGC1015- TGTATGGAAA TGCACCCTCC CTCCTGCGCT CCTCTCTAGA ACCGGCTAGA AC - #CTGGGCTG1075- TGCTGCTTTT GAGCCTCAGA CCCCAGGGCA GCATCTCGGT TCTGCGCCAC TT - #CCTTTGTG1135- TTTATATGGC GTTTTGTCTG TGTTGCTGTT TAGAGTAAAT AAAACTGTTT AT - #ATAAAAAA1195# 1206- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 158 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: - # SEQ ID NO:2:- Met Ser Gly Ile Ala Leu Ser Arg Leu Ala Gl - #n Glu Arg Lys Ala Trp# 15- Arg Lys Asp His Pro Phe Gly Phe Val Ala Va - #l Pro Thr Lys Asn Pro# 30- Asp Gly Thr Met Asn Leu Met Asn Trp Glu Cy - #s Ala Ile Pro Gly Lys# 45- Lys Gly Thr Pro Trp Glu Gly Gly Leu Phe Ly - #s Leu Arg Met Leu Phe# 60- Lys Asp Asp Tyr Pro Ser Ser Pro Pro Lys Cy - #s Lys Phe Glu Pro Pro# 80- Leu Phe His Pro Asn Val Tyr Pro Ser Gly Th - #r Val Cys Leu Ser Ile# 95- Leu Glu Glu Asp Lys Asp Trp Arg Pro Ala Il - #e Thr Ile Lys Gln Ile# 110- Leu Leu Gly Ile Gln Glu Leu Leu Asn Glu Pr - #o Asn Ile Gln Asp Pro# 125- Ala Gln Ala Glu Ala Tyr Thr Ile Tyr Cys Gl - #n Asn Arg Val Glu Tyr# 140- Glu Lys Arg Val Arg Ala Gln Ala Lys Lys Ph - #e Ala Pro Ser145 1 - #50 1 - #55- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 1776 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)- (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: CDS (B) LOCATION: 19..1668#ID NO:3: (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ- GGC GGA CTC GGT GGC TAG CCG ATG AGG AGG CC - #G CGG GGG GAA CCC GGC 48#Glu Pro Glyet Arg Arg Pro Arg Gly# 10- CCC CGG GCC CCG AGA CCG ACT GAG GGA GCG AC - #C TGC GCA GGG CCC GGG 96Pro Arg Ala Pro Arg Pro Thr Glu Gly Ala Th - #r Cys Ala Gly Pro Gly# 25- GAG TCA TGG TCT CCA TCA CCC AAC TCC ATG CT - #T CGA GTC CTG CTC TCT 144Glu Ser Trp Ser Pro Ser Pro Asn Ser Met Le - #u Arg Val Leu Leu Ser# 40- GCT CAG ACC TCC CCT GCT CGG CTG TCT GGC CT - #G CTG CTG ATC CCT CCA 192Ala Gln Thr Ser Pro Ala Arg Leu Ser Gly Le - #u Leu Leu Ile Pro Pro# 55- GTA CAG CCC TGC TGT TTG GGG CCC AGC AAA TG - #G GGG GAC CGG CCT GTT 240Val Gln Pro Cys Cys Leu Gly Pro Ser Lys Tr - #p Gly Asp Arg Pro Val# 70- GGA GGA GGC CCC AGT GCA GGT CCT GTG CAA GG - #A CTG CAG CGG CTT CTG 288Gly Gly Gly Pro Ser Ala Gly Pro Val Gln Gl - #y Leu Gln Arg Leu Leu# 90- GAA CAG GCG AAG AGC CCT GGG GAG CTG CTG CG - #C TGG CTG GGC CAG AAC 336Glu Gln Ala Lys Ser Pro Gly Glu Leu Leu Ar - #g Trp Leu Gly Gln Asn# 105- CCC AGC AAG GTG CGC GCC CAC CAC TAC TCG GT - #G GCG CTT CGT CGT CTG 384Pro Ser Lys Val Arg Ala His His Tyr Ser Va - #l Ala Leu Arg Arg Leu# 120- GGC CAG CTC TTG GGG TCT CGG CCA CGG CCC CC - #T CCT GTG GAG CAG GTC 432Gly Gln Leu Leu Gly Ser Arg Pro Arg Pro Pr - #o Pro Val Glu Gln Val# 135- ACA CTG CAG GAC TTG AGT CAG CTC ATC ATC CG - #A AAC TGC CCC TCC TTT 480Thr Leu Gln Asp Leu Ser Gln Leu Ile Ile Ar - #g Asn Cys Pro Ser Phe# 150- GAC ATT CAC ACC ATC CAC GTG TGT CTG CAC CT - #T GCA GTC TTA CTT GGC 528Asp Ile His Thr Ile His Val Cys Leu His Le - #u Ala Val Leu Leu Gly155 1 - #60 1 - #65 1 -#70- TTT CCA TCT GAT GGT CCC CTG GTG TGT GCC CT - #G GAA CAG GAG CGA AGG 576Phe Pro Ser Asp Gly Pro Leu Val Cys Ala Le - #u Glu Gln Glu Arg Arg# 185- CTC CGC CTC CCT CCG AAG CCA CCT CCC CCT TT - #G CAG CCC CTT CTC CGA 624Leu Arg Leu Pro Pro Lys Pro Pro Pro Pro Le - #u Gln Pro Leu Leu Arg# 200- GGT GGG CAA GGG TTG GAA GCT GCT CTA AGC TG - #C CCC CGT TTT CTG CGG 672Gly Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Ala Ala Leu Ser Cy - #s Pro Arg Phe Leu Arg# 215- TAT CCA CGG CAG CAT CTG ATC AGC AGC CTG GC - #A GAG GCA AGG CCA GAG 720Tyr Pro Arg Gln His Leu Ile Ser Ser Leu Al - #a Glu Ala Arg Pro Glu# 230- GAA CTG ACT CCC CAC GTG ATG GTG CTC CTG GC - #C CAG CAC CTG GCC CGG 768Glu Leu Thr Pro His Val Met Val Leu Leu Al - #a Gln His Leu Ala Arg235 2 - #40 2 - #45 2 -#50- CAC CGG TTG CGG GAG CCC CAG CTT CTG GAA GC - #C ATT GCC CAC TTC CTG 816His Arg Leu Arg Glu Pro Gln Leu Leu Glu Al - #a Ile Ala His Phe Leu# 265- GTG GTT CAG GAA ACG CAA CTC AGC AGC AAG GT - #G GTA CAG AAG TTG GTC 864Val Val Gln Glu Thr Gln Leu Ser Ser Lys Va - #l Val Gln Lys Leu Val# 280- CTG CCC TTT GGG CGA CTG AAC TAC CTG CCC CT - #G GAA CAG CAG TTT ATG 912Leu Pro Phe Gly Arg Leu Asn Tyr Leu Pro Le - #u Glu Gln Gln Phe Met# 295- CCC TGC CTT GAG AGG ATC CTG GCT CGG GAA GC - #A GGG GTG GCA CCC CTG 960Pro Cys Leu Glu Arg Ile Leu Ala Arg Glu Al - #a Gly Val Ala Pro Leu# 310- GCT ACA GTC AAC ATC TTG ATG TCA CTG TGC CA - #A CTG CGG TGC CTG CCC1008Ala Thr Val Asn Ile Leu Met Ser Leu Cys Gl - #n Leu Arg Cys Leu Pro315 3 - #20 3 - #25 3 -#30- TTC AGA GCC CTG CAC TTT GTT TTT TCC CCT GG - #C TTC ATC AAC TAC ATC1056Phe Arg Ala Leu His Phe Val Phe Ser Pro Gl - #y Phe Ile Asn Tyr Ile# 345- AGT GGC ACC CCT CAT GCT CTG ATT GTG CGT CG - #C TAC CTC TCC CTG CTG1104Ser Gly Thr Pro His Ala Leu Ile Val Arg Ar - #g Tyr Leu Ser Leu Leu# 360- GAC ACG GCC GTG GAG CTG GAG CTC CCA GGA TA - #C CGG GGT CCC CGC CTT1152Asp Thr Ala Val Glu Leu Glu Leu Pro Gly Ty - #r Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu# 375- CCC CGA AGG CAG CAA GTG CCC ATC TTT CCC CA - #G CCT CTC ATC ACC GAC1200Pro Arg Arg Gln Gln Val Pro Ile Phe Pro Gl - #n Pro Leu Ile Thr Asp# 390- CGT GCC CGC TGC AAG TAC AGT CAC AAG GAC AT - #A GTA GCT GAG GGG TTG1248Arg Ala Arg Cys Lys Tyr Ser His Lys Asp Il - #e Val Ala Glu Gly Leu395 4 - #00 4 - #05 4 -#10- CGC CAG CTG CTG GGG GAG GAG AAA TAC CGC CA - #G GAC CTG ACT GTG CCT1296Arg Gln Leu Leu Gly Glu Glu Lys Tyr Arg Gl - #n Asp Leu Thr Val Pro# 425- CCA GGC TAC TGC ACA GAC TTC CTG CTG TGC GC - #C AGC AGC TCT GGT GCT1344Pro Gly Tyr Cys Thr Asp Phe Leu Leu Cys Al - #a Ser Ser Ser Gly Ala# 440- GTG CTT CCC GTG AGG ACC CAG GAC CCC TTC CT - #G CCA TAC CCA CCA AGG1392Val Leu Pro Val Arg Thr Gln Asp Pro Phe Le - #u Pro Tyr Pro Pro Arg# 455- TCC TGC CCA CAG GGC CAG GCT GCC TCT AGC GC - #C ACT ACT CGA GAC CCT1440Ser Cys Pro Gln Gly Gln Ala Ala Ser Ser Al - #a Thr Thr Arg Asp Pro# 470- GCC CAG AGG GTG GTG CTG GTG TTG CGG GAA CG - #C TGG CAT TTC TGC CGG1488Ala Gln Arg Val Val Leu Val Leu Arg Glu Ar - #g Trp His Phe Cys Arg475 4 - #80 4 - #85 4 -#90- GAC GGC CGG GTG CTG CTG GGC TCG AGG GCC CT - #G AGG GAG CGG CAC CTA1536Asp Gly Arg Val Leu Leu Gly Ser Arg Ala Le - #u Arg Glu Arg His Leu# 505- GGC CTG ATG GGC TAC CAG CTC CTG CCG CTA CC - #C TTC GAG GAA CTG GAG1584Gly Leu Met Gly Tyr Gln Leu Leu Pro Leu Pr - #o Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu# 520- TCC CAG AGA GGC CTG CCC CAG CTC AAG AGC TA - #C CTG AGG CAG AAG CTC1632Ser Gln Arg Gly Leu Pro Gln Leu Lys Ser Ty - #r Leu Arg Gln Lys Leu# 535- CAA GCC CTG GGC CTG CGC TGG GGG CCT GAA GG - #G GGC TGA GGG GAT GAT1680Gln Ala Leu Gly Leu Arg Trp Gly Pro Glu Gl - #y Gly# 550- GTG GGG TTC AGG ATG GCC CCC CCA TGG GGG GT - #G GAT GAT TTG CAC TTT1728GGT TCC CTG TGT TTT GAT TTC TCA TTA AAG TT - #C CTG GCC TTC AAA AAA1776- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 550 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: - # SEQ ID NO:4:- Pro Met Arg Arg Pro Arg Gly Glu Pro Gly Pr - #o Arg Ala Pro Arg Pro# 15- Thr Glu Gly Ala Thr Cys Ala Gly Pro Gly Gl - #u Ser Trp Ser Pro Ser# 30- Pro Asn Ser Met Leu Arg Val Leu Leu Ser Al - #a Gln Thr Ser Pro Ala# 45- Arg Leu Ser Gly Leu Leu Leu Ile Pro Pro Va - #l Gln Pro Cys Cys Leu# 60- Gly Pro Ser Lys Trp Gly Asp Arg Pro Val Gl - #y Gly Gly Pro Ser Ala# 80- Gly Pro Val Gln Gly Leu Gln Arg Leu Leu Gl - #u Gln Ala Lys Ser Pro# 95- Gly Glu Leu Leu Arg Trp Leu Gly Gln Asn Pr - #o Ser Lys Val Arg Ala# 110- His His Tyr Ser Val Ala Leu Arg Arg Leu Gl - #y Gln Leu Leu Gly Ser# 125- Arg Pro Arg Pro Pro Pro Val Glu Gln Val Th - #r Leu Gln Asp Leu Ser# 140- Gln Leu Ile Ile Arg Asn Cys Pro Ser Phe As - #p Ile His Thr Ile His145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Val Cys Leu His Leu Ala Val Leu Leu Gly Ph - #e Pro Ser Asp Gly Pro# 175- Leu Val Cys Ala Leu Glu Gln Glu Arg Arg Le - #u Arg Leu Pro Pro Lys# 190- Pro Pro Pro Pro Leu Gln Pro Leu Leu Arg Gl - #y Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu# 205- Ala Ala Leu Ser Cys Pro Arg Phe Leu Arg Ty - #r Pro Arg Gln His Leu# 220- Ile Ser Ser Leu Ala Glu Ala Arg Pro Glu Gl - #u Leu Thr Pro His Val225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- Met Val Leu Leu Ala Gln His Leu Ala Arg Hi - #s Arg Leu Arg Glu Pro# 255- Gln Leu Leu Glu Ala Ile Ala His Phe Leu Va - #l Val Gln Glu Thr Gln# 270- Leu Ser Ser Lys Val Val Gln Lys Leu Val Le - #u Pro Phe Gly Arg Leu# 285- Asn Tyr Leu Pro Leu Glu Gln Gln Phe Met Pr - #o Cys Leu Glu Arg Ile# 300- Leu Ala Arg Glu Ala Gly Val Ala Pro Leu Al - #a Thr Val Asn Ile Leu305 3 - #10 3 - #15 3 -#20- Met Ser Leu Cys Gln Leu Arg Cys Leu Pro Ph - #e Arg Ala Leu His Phe# 335- Val Phe Ser Pro Gly Phe Ile Asn Tyr Ile Se - #r Gly Thr Pro His Ala# 350- Leu Ile Val Arg Arg Tyr Leu Ser Leu Leu As - #p Thr Ala Val Glu Leu# 365- Glu Leu Pro Gly Tyr Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu Pr - #o Arg Arg Gln Gln Val# 380- Pro Ile Phe Pro Gln Pro Leu Ile Thr Asp Ar - #g Ala Arg Cys Lys Tyr385 3 - #90 3 - #95 4 -#00- Ser His Lys Asp Ile Val Ala Glu Gly Leu Ar - #g Gln Leu Leu Gly Glu# 415- Glu Lys Tyr Arg Gln Asp Leu Thr Val Pro Pr - #o Gly Tyr Cys Thr Asp# 430- Phe Leu Leu Cys Ala Ser Ser Ser Gly Ala Va - #l Leu Pro Val Arg Thr# 445- Gln Asp Pro Phe Leu Pro Tyr Pro Pro Arg Se - #r Cys Pro Gln Gly Gln# 460- Ala Ala Ser Ser Ala Thr Thr Arg Asp Pro Al - #a Gln Arg Val Val Leu465 4 - #70 4 - #75 4 -#80- Val Leu Arg Glu Arg Trp His Phe Cys Arg As - #p Gly Arg Val Leu Leu# 495- Gly Ser Arg Ala Leu Arg Glu Arg His Leu Gl - #y Leu Met Gly Tyr Gln# 510- Leu Leu Pro Leu Pro Phe Glu Glu Leu Glu Se - #r Gln Arg Gly Leu Pro# 525- Gln Leu Lys Ser Tyr Leu Arg Gln Lys Leu Gl - #n Ala Leu Gly Leu Arg# 540- Trp Gly Pro Glu Gly Gly545 5 - #50- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 158 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein#ID NO:5: (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ- Met Ser Gly Ile Ala Leu Ser Arg - # Leu Ala Gln Glu Arg Lys AlaTrp# 15- Arg Lys Asp His Pro Phe Gly Phe - # Val Ala Val Pro Thr Lys AsnPro# 30- Asp Gly Thr Met Asn Leu Met Asn - # Trp Glu Cys Ala Ile Pro GlyLys# 45- Lys Gly Thr Pro Trp Glu Gly Gly - # Leu Phe Lys Leu Arg Met LeuPhe# 60- Lys Asp Asp Tyr Pro Ser Ser Pro - # Pro Lys Cys Lys Phe Glu ProPro# 80- Leu Phe His Pro Asn Val Tyr Pro - # Ser Gly Thr Val Cys Leu SerIle# 95- Leu Glu Glu Asp Lys Asp Trp Arg - # Pro Ala Ile Thr Ile Lys GlnIle# 110- Leu Leu Cys Ile Gln Glu Leu Leu - # Asn Glu Pro Asn Ile Gln AspPro# 125- Ala Gln Ala Glu Ala Tyr Thr Ile - # Tyr Cys Gln Asn Arg Val GluTyr# 140- Glu Lys Arg Val Arg Ala Gln Ala - # Lys Lys Phe Ala Pro Ser# 155- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 152 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein#ID NO:6: (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ- Met Ser Thr Pro Ala Arg Arg Arg - # Leu Met Arg Asp Phe Lys ArgLeu# 15- Gln Glu Asp Pro Pro Val Gly Val - # Ser Gly Ala Pro Ser Glu AsnAsn# 30- Ile Met Gln Trp Asn Ala Val Ile - # Phe Gly Pro Glu Gly Thr ProPhe# 45- Glu Asp Gly Thr Phe Lys Leu Leu - # Ile Glu Phe Ser Glu Glu TyrPro# 60- Asn Lys Pro Pro Thr Val Arg Phe - # Leu Ser Lys Met Phe His ProAsn# 80- Val Tyr Ala Asp Gly Ser Ile Cys - # Leu Asp Ile Leu Gln Asn ArgTrp# 95- Ser Pro Thr Tyr Asp Val Ser Ser - # Ile Leu Thr Ser Ile Gln SerLeu# 110- Leu Cys Glu Pro Asn Pro Asn Ser - # Pro Ala Asn Ser Gln Ala AlaGln# 125- Leu Tyr Gln Glu Asn Lys Arg Glu - # Tyr Glu Lys Arg Val Ser AlaIle# 140- Val Glu Gln Ser Trp Asn Asp Ser# 150- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 152 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein#ID NO:7: (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ- Met Ser Thr Pro Ala Arg Arg Arg - # Leu Met Arg Asp Phe Lys ArgLeu# 15- Gln Glu Asp Pro Pro Val Gly Val - # Ser Gly Ala Pro Ser Glu AsnAsn# 30- Ile Met Gln Trp Met Ala Val Ile - # Phe Gly Pro Glu Gly Thr ProPhe# 45- Glu Asp Gly Thr Phe Lys Leu Val - # Ile Glu Phe Ser Glu Glu TyrPro# 60- Asn Lys Pro Pro Thr Val Arg Phe - # Leu Ser Lys Met Phe His ProAsn# 80- Val Tyr Ala Asp Gly Ser Ile Cys - # Leu Asp Ile Leu Gln Asn ArgTrp# 95- Ser Pro Thr Tyr Asp Val Ser Ser - # Ile Leu Thr Ser Ile Gln SerLeu# 110- Leu Asp Glu Pro Asn Pro Asn Ser - # Pro Ala Asn Ser Gln Ala AlaGln# 125- Leu Tyr Gln Glu Asn Lys Arg Glu - # Tyr Glu Lys Arg Val Ser AlaIle# 140- Val Glu Gln Ser Trp Asn Asp Ser# 150- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 152 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein#ID NO:8: (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ- Met Ser Thr Pro Ala Arg Arg Arg - # Leu Met Arg Asp Phe Lys ArgLeu# 15- Gln Glu Asp Pro Pro Ala Gly Val - # Ser Gly Ala Pro Ser Glu AsnAsn# 30- Ile Met Val Trp Asn Ala Val Ile - # Phe Gly Pro Glu Gly Thr ProPhe# 45- Gly Asp Gly Thr Phe Lys Leu Thr - # Ile Glu Phe Thr Glu Glu TyrPro# 60- Asn Lys Pro Pro Thr Val Arg Phe - # Val Ser Lys Met Phe His ProAsn# 80- Val Tyr Ala Asp Gly Ser Ile Cys - # Leu Asp Ile Leu Gln Asn ArgTrp# 95- Ser Pro Thr Tyr Asp Val Ser Ser - # Ile Leu Thr Ser Ile Gln SerLeu# 110- Leu Asp Glu Pro Asn Pro Asn Ser - # Pro Ala Asn Ser Gln Ala AlaGln# 125- Leu Tyr Gln Glu Asn Lys Arg Glu - # Tyr Glu Lys Arg Val Ser AlaIle# 140- Val Glu Gln Ser Trp Arg Asp Cys# 150- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 151 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide#ID NO:9: (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ- Met Ser Thr Pro Ala Arg Arg Arg - # Leu Met Arg Asp Phe Lys ArgLeu# 15- Gln Glu Asp Pro Pro Thr Gly Val - # Ser Gly Ala Pro Thr Asp AsnAsn# 30- Ile Met Ile Trp Asn Ala Val Ile - # Phe Gly Pro His Asp Thr ProPhe# 45- Glu Asp Gly Thr Phe Lys Leu Thr - # Ile Glu Phe Thr Glu Glu TyrPro# 60- Asn Lys Pro Pro Thr Val Arg Phe - # Val Ser Lys Val Phe His ProAsn# 80- Val Tyr Ala Asp Gly Gly Ile Cys - # Leu Asp Ile Leu Gln Asn ArgTrp# 95- Ser Pro Arg Tyr Asp Val Ser Ala - # Ile Leu Thr Ser Ile Gln SerLeu# 110- Leu Ser Asp Pro Asn Pro Asn Ser - # Pro Ala Asn Ser Thr Ala AlaGln# 125- Leu Tyr Lys Glu Asn Arg Arg Glu - # Tyr Glu Lys Arg Val Lys AlaCys# 140- Val Glu Gln Ser Phe Ile Asp# 150- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:10:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 151 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein#ID NO:10:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ- Met Ser Thr Thr Ala Arg Arg Arg - # Leu Met Arg Asp Phe Lys ArgMet# 15- Gln Gln Asp Pro Pro Ala Gly Val - # Ser Ala Ser Pro Val Ser AspAsn# 30- Val Met Leu Trp Asn Ala Val Ile - # Ile Gly Pro Ala Asp Thr ProPhe# 45- Glu Asp Gly Thr Phe Lys Leu Val - # Leu Ser Phe Asp Glu Gln TyrPro# 60- Asn Lys Pro Pro Leu Val Lys Phe - # Val Ser Thr Met Phe His ProAsn# 80- Val Tyr Ala Asn Gly Glu Leu Cys - # Leu Asp Ile Leu Gln Asn ArgTrp# 95- Ser Pro Thr Tyr Asp Val Ala Ala - # Ile Leu Thr Ser Ile Gln SerLeu# 110- Leu Asn Asp Pro Asn Asn Ala Ser - # Pro Ala Asn Ala Glu Ala AlaGln# 125- Leu His Arg Glu Asn Lys Lys Glu - # Tyr Val Arg Arg Val Arg LysThr# 140- Val Glu Asp Ser Trp Glu Ser# 150- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:11:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 172 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein#ID NO:11:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ- Met Ser Thr Pro Ala Arg Arg Arg - # Leu Met Arg Asp Arg Lys ArgMet# 15- Lys Glu Asp Ala Pro Pro Gly Val - # Ser Ala Ser Pro Leu Pro AspAsn# 30- Val Met Val Trp Asn Ala Met Ile - # Ile Gly Pro Ala Asp Thr ProTyr# 45- Glu Asp Gly Thr Phe Arg Leu Leu - # Leu Glu Phe Asp Glu Glu TyrPro# 60- Asn Lys Pro Pro His Val Lys Phe - # Leu Ser Glu Met Phe His ProAsn# 80- Val Tyr Ala Asn Gly Glu Ile Cys - # Leu Asp Ile Leu Gln Asn ArgTrp# 95- Thr Pro Thr Tyr Asp Val Ala Ser - # Ile Leu Thr Ser Ile Gln SerLeu# 110- Phe Asn Asp Pro Asn Pro Ala Ser - # Pro Ala Asn Val Glu Ala AlaThr# 125- Leu Phe Lys Asp His Lys Ser Gln - # Tyr Val Lys Arg Val Lys GluThr# 140- Val Glu Lys Ser Trp Glu Asp Asp - # Met Asp Asp Met Asp Asp AspAsp# 160- Asp Asp Asp Asp Asp Asp Asp Asp - # Asp Glu Ala Asp# 170- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:12:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 9 base p - #airs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)#ID NO:12:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ# 9- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:13:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 10 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)#ID NO:13:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ# 10- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:14:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 39 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)- (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: CDS (B) LOCATION: 1..39#ID NO:14:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ# 39C GTC GAC GCC GGC AAG CTT GCT GGA TC - #C TGT ACCGly Thr Val Asp Ala Gly Lys Leu Ala Gly Se - #r Cys Thr# 10- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:15:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 13 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: - # SEQ ID NO:15:- Gly Thr Val Asp Ala Gly Lys Leu Ala Gly Se - #r Cys Thr# 10- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:16:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 430 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein#ID NO:16:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ- Pro Ser Lys Trp Gly Asp Arg Pro - # Val Gly Gly Gly Pro Ser AlaGly# 15- Pro Val Gln Gly Leu Gln Arg Leu - # Leu Gln Ala Lys Ser Pro GlyGlu# 30- Leu Leu Arg Trp Leu Gly Arg Asn - # Pro Ser Lys Val Arg Ala HisHis# 45- Tyr Ser Val Ala Leu Arg Arg Leu - # Gly Gln Leu Leu Gly Ser ArgPro# 60- Arg Pro Pro Pro Val Glu Gln Val - # Thr Leu Gln Asp Leu Ser GlnLeu# 80- Ile Ile Arg Asn Cys Pro Ser Phe - # Asp Ile His Thr Ile His ValCys# 95- Leu His Leu Ala Val Leu Leu Gly - # Phe Pro Ser Asp Gly Pro LeuVal# 110- Cys Ala Leu Glu Gln Glu Arg Arg - # Leu Arg Leu Pro Pro Lys ProPro# 125- Pro Pro Leu Gln Pro Leu Leu Arg - # Gly Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu AlaAla# 140- Leu Ser Cys Pro Arg Phe Leu Arg - # Tyr Pro Arg Gln His Leu IleSer# 160- Ser Leu Ala Glu Ala Arg Pro Glu - # Glu Leu Thr Pro His Val MetVal# 175- Leu Leu Ala Gln His Leu Ala Arg - # His Arg Leu Arg Glu Pro GlnLeu# 190- Leu Glu Ala Ile Ala His Phe Leu - # Val Val Gln Glu Thr Gln LeuSer# 205- Ser Lys Val Val Gln Lys Leu Val - # Leu Pro Phe Gly Arg Leu AsnTyr# 220- Leu Pro Leu Glu Gln Gln Phe Met - # Pro Cys Leu Glu Arg Ile LeuAla# 240- Arg Glu Ala Gly Val Ala Pro Leu - # Ala Thr Val Asn Ile Leu MetSer# 255- Leu Cys Gln Leu Arg Cys Leu Pro - # Phe Arg Ala Leu His Phe ValHis# 270- Ser Pro Gly Phe Ile Asn Tyr Ile - # Ser Gly Thr Pro His Ala LeuIle# 285- Val Arg Arg Thr Leu Ser Leu Leu - # Asp Thr Ala Val Glu Leu GluLeu# 300- Pro Gly Tyr Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu - # Pro Arg Arg Gln Gln Val ProIle# 320- Phe Pro Gln Pro Leu Ile Thr Asp - # Arg Ala Arg Cys Lys Tyr SerHis# 335- Lys Asp Ile Val Ala Glu Gly Leu - # Arg Gln Leu Leu Gly Glu GluLys# 350- Tyr Arg Gln Asp Leu Thr Val Pro - # Pro Gly Tyr Cys Thr Asp PheLeu# 365- Leu Cys Ala Ser Ser Ser Gly Ala - # Val Leu Pro Val Arg Thr GlnAsp# 380- Pro Phe Leu Pro Tyr Pro Pro Arg - # Ser Cys Pro Gln Gly Gln AlaAla# 400- Ser Ser Ala Thr Thr Arg Asp Pro - # Ala Gln Arg Val Val Leu ValLeu# 415- Arg Glu Arg Trp His Phe Ser Arg - # Asp Gly Arg Val Leu Leu# 430- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:17:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 382 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein#ID NO:17:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ- Val Ala Val Thr Asn Ile Gly Ala - # Gly Ser Asp Gly Gly Thr AlaVal# 15- Val Ala Phe Gly Gly Thr Pro Arg - # Arg Gly Gly Glu Gly Asp ProVal# 30- Gly Pro Ala Glu Phe Val Ser Asp - # Asp Arg Ser Ser Asp Ser AspSer# 45- Asp Asp Ser Glu Asp Thr Asp Ser - # Glu Thr Ile Ser His Ala SerSer# 60- Asp Val Ser Gly Gly Ala Thr Tyr - # Asp Asp Ala Leu Asp Ser AspSer# 80- Ser Ser Asp Asp Ser Leu Gln Ile - # Asp Gly Pro Val Cys Arg ProTrp# 95- Ser Asn Asp Thr Ala Pro Leu Asp - # Val Cys Pro Gly Thr Pro GlyPro# 110- Gly Ala Asp Ala Gly Gly Pro Ser - # Ala Val Asp Pro His Ala ProThr# 125- Pro Glu Ala Gly Ala Gly Leu Ala - # Ala Asp Pro Ala Val Ala ArgAsp# 140- Asp Ala Glu Gly Leu Ser Asp Pro - # Arg Pro Arg Leu Gly Thr GlyThr# 160- Ala Tyr Pro Val Pro Leu Glu Leu - # Thr Pro Glu Asn Ala Glu AlaVal# 175- Ala Arg Phe Leu Gly Asp Ala Val - # Asn Arg Glu Pro Ala Leu MetLeu# 190- Glu Tyr Phe Cys Arg Cys Ala Arg - # Glu Glu Thr Lys Arg Val ProPro# 205- Arg Thr Phe Gly Ser Pro Pro Arg - # Leu Thr Glu Asp Asp Phe GlyLeu# 220- Leu Asn Tyr Ala Leu Val Glu Met - # Gln Arg Leu Cys Leu Asp ValPro# 240- Pro Val Pro Pro Asn Ala Tyr Met - # Pro Tyr Tyr Leu Arg Glu TyrVal# 255- Thr Arg Leu Val Asn Gly Phe Lys - # Pro Leu Val Ser Arg Ser AlaArg# 270- Leu Tyr Arg Ile Leu Gly Val Leu - # Val His Leu Arg Ile Arg ThrArg# 285- Glu Ala Ser Phe Glu Glu Trp Leu - # Arg Ser Lys Glu Val Ala LeuAsp# 300- Phe Gly Leu Thr Glu Arg Leu Arg - # Glu His Glu Ala Gln Leu ValIle# 320- Leu Ala Gln Ala Leu Asp His Tyr - # Asp Cys Leu Ile His Ser ThrPro# 335- His Thr Leu Val Glu Arg Gly Leu - # Gln Ser Ala Leu Lys Tyr GluGlu# 350- Phe Tyr Leu Lys Arg Phe Gly Gly - # His Tyr Met Glu Ser Val PheGln# 365- Met Tyr Thr Arg Ile Ala Gly Phe - # Leu Ala Cys Arg Ala Thr# 380- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:18:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 395 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein#ID NO:18:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ- Phe Val Ala Ile Ser Asn Val Ala - # Ala Gly Gly Asn Gly Arg ThrAla# 15- Val Val Ala Leu Gly Gly Thr Ser - # Gly Ala Arg Gly Gly Ala GluLys# 30- Asp Val Gly Ala Ala Glu Ser Trp - # Ser Asp Gly Pro Ser Ser AspSer# 45- Glu Thr Glu Asp Ser Asp Ser Ser - # Asp Glu Asp Thr Gly Ser GlySer# 60- Glu Thr Leu Ser Arg Ser Ser Ser - # Ile Trp Ala Ala Gly Ala ThrAsp# 80- Asp Asp Asp Ser Asp Ser Asp Ser - # Arg Ser Asp Asp Ser Val GlnPro# 95- Asp Val Val Val Arg Arg Arg Trp - # Ser Asp Gly Pro Ala Pro ValAla# 110- Phe Pro Lys Pro Arg Arg Pro Gly - # Asp Ser Pro Gly Asn Pro GlyLeu# 125- Gly Ala Gly Thr Gly Pro Gly Ser - # Ala Thr Asp Pro Arg Ala SerAla# 140- Asp Ser Asp Ser Ala Ala His Ala - # Ala Ala Pro Gln Ala Asp ValAla# 160- Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Gln Pro Thr - # Val Gly Thr Asp Pro Gly TyrPro# 175- Val Pro Leu Glu Leu Thr Pro Glu - # Asn Ala Glu Ala Val Ala ArgPhe# 190- Leu Gly Asp Ala Val Asp Arg Glu - # Pro Ala Leu Met Leu Glu TyrPhe# 205- Cys Arg Cys Ala Arg Glu Glu Ser - # Lys Arg Val Pro Pro Arg ThrPhe# 220- Gly Ser Ala Pro Arg Leu Thr Glu - # Asp Asp Phe Gly Leu Leu AsnThr# 240- Ala Leu Ala Glu Met Arg Arg Leu - # Cys Leu Asp Leu Pro Pro ValPro# 255- Pro Asn Ala Tyr Thr Pro Tyr His - # Leu Arg Glu Tyr Ala Thr ArgLeu# 270- Val Asn Gly Phe Lys Pro Leu Val - # Arg Arg Ser Ala Arg Leu TyrArg# 285- Ile Leu Gly Ile Leu Val His Leu - # Arg Ile Arg Thr Arg Glu AlaSer# 300- Phe Glu Glu Trp Met Arg Ser Lys - # Glu Val Asp Leu Asp Pro GlyLeu# 320- Thr Glu Arg Leu Arg Glu His Glu - # Ala Gln Leu Met Ile Leu AlaGln# 335- Ala Leu Asn Pro Tyr Asp Cys Leu - # Ile His Ser Thr Pro Asn ThrLeu# 350- Val Glu Arg Gly Leu Gln Ser Ala - # Leu Lys Tyr Glu Glu His TyrLeu# 365- Lys Arg His Gly Gly His Tyr Met - # Glu Ser Val His Gln Met TyrThr# 380- Arg Ile Ala Gly Pro Leu Ala Cys - # Arg Ala Thr# 395- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:19:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 282 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein#ID NO:19:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ- Met Glu Asn Tyr Gln Lys Val Glu - # Lys Ile Gly Glu Gly Thr TyrGly# 15- Val Val Tyr Lys Ala Arg His Lys - # Leu Ser Gly Arg Ile Val AlaMet# 30- Lys Lys Ile Arg Leu Glu Asp Glu - # Ser Glu Gly Val Pro Ser ThrAla# 45- Ile Arg Glu Ile Ser Leu Leu Lys - # Glu Val Asn Asp Glu Asn AsnArg# 60- Ser Asn Cys Val Arg Leu Leu Asp - # Ile Leu His Ala Glu Ser LysLeu# 80- Tyr Leu Val Phe Glu Phe Leu Asp - # Met Lys Leu Lys Lys Tyr MetAsp# 95- Arg Ile Ser Phe Thr Gly Ala Thr - # Ser Leu Asp Pro Arg Leu ValGln# 110- Lys Phe Thr Tyr Gln Leu Val Asn - # Gly Val Asn Phe Cys His SerArg# 125- Arg Ile Ile His Arg Asp Leu Lys - # Pro Gln Asn Leu Leu Ile AspLys# 140- Glu Gly Asn Leu Lys Leu Ala Asp - # Phe Gly Leu Ala Arg Ser PheGly# 160- Val Pro Leu Arg Asn Tyr Thr His - # Glu Ile Val Thr Leu Trp TyrArg# 175- Ala Pro Glu Val Leu Leu Gly Ser - # Arg His Tyr Ser Thr Gly ValAsp# 190- Ile Trp Ser Val Gly Cys Ile Phe - # Ala Glu Met Ile Arg Arg SerPro# 205- Leu Phe Pro Gly Asp Ser Glu Ile - # Asp Glu Ile Phe Lys Ile PheGln# 220- Val Leu Gly Thr Pro Asn Glu Glu - # Val Trp Pro Gly Val Thr LeuLeu# 240- Gln Asp Tyr Lys Ser Thr Phe Pro - # Arg Trp Lys Arg Met Asp LeuTyr# 255- His Lys Val Val Pro Asn Gly Glu - # Glu Asp Ala Ile Glu Leu LeuSer# 270- Ala Met Leu Val Tyr Asp Pro Ala - # His Arg# 280- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:20:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 274 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein#ID NO:20:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ- Met Glu Asn Phe Gln Lys Val Glu - # Lys Ile Gly Glu Gly Thr TyrGly# 15- Val Val Tyr Lys Ala Arg Asn Lys - # Leu Thr Gly Glu Val Val AlaLeu# 30- Lys Lys Ile Arg Leu Asp Thr Glu - # Thr Glu Gly Val Pro Ser ThrAla# 45- Ile Arg Glu Ile Ser Leu Leu Lys - # Glu Leu Asn His Pro Asn IleVal# 60- Lys Leu Leu Asp Val Ile His Thr - # Glu Asn Lys Leu Tyr Leu ValPhe# 80- Glu Phe Leu His Gln Asp Leu Lys - # Lys Phe Met Asp Ala Ser AlaLeu# 95- Thr Gly Ile Pro Leu Pro Leu Ile - # Lys Ser Tyr Leu Phe Gln LeuLeu# 110- Gln Gly Leu Ala Arg Cys His Ser - # His Arg Val Leu His Arg AspLeu# 125- Lys Pro Gln Asn Leu Leu Ile Asn - # Thr Glu Gly Ala Ile Lys LeuAla# 140- Asp Phe Gly Leu Ala Arg Ala Phe - # Gly Val Pro Val Arg Thr TyrThr# 160- His Glu Val Val Thr Leu Trp Tyr - # Arg Ala Pro Glu Ile Leu LeuGly# 175- Ser Lys Tyr Tyr Ser Thr Ala Val - # Lys Ile Trp Ser Leu Gly CysIle# 190- Phe Ala Glu Met Val Thr Arg Arg - # Ala Leu Phe Pro Gly Asp SerGlu# 205- Ile Asp Gln Leu Phe Arg Ile Phe - # Arg Thr Leu Gly Thr Pro AspGlu# 220- Val Val Trp Pro Gly Val Thr Ser - # Met Pro Asp Tyr Lys Pro SerPhe# 240- Pro Lys Trp Ala Arg Gln Asp Phe - # Ser Lys Val Val Pro Pro LeuAsp# 255- Glu Asp Gly Arg Ser Leu Leu Ser - # Gln Met Leu His Tyr Asp ProAsn# 270- Lys Arg- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:21:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 244 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein#ID NO:21:(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ- Glu Ser Leu Arg Leu Glu Val Lys - # Leu Gly Gln Gly Cys Arg GlyGlu# 15- Val Trp Met Gly Ile Trp Asn Gly - # Thr Thr Arg Val Ala Ile LysThr# 30- Leu Lys Pro Gly Thr Met Ser Pro - # Glu Ala Phe Leu Gln Glu AlaGln# 45- Val Met Lys Lys Leu Arg His Glu - # Lys Leu Val Gln Leu Tyr AlaVal# 60- Val Ser Glu Glu Pro Ile Tyr Ile - # Val Thr Glu Tyr Met Ser LysGly# 80- Ser Leu Leu Asp Phe Leu Lys Gly - # Glu Thr Gly Lys Tyr Leu ArgLeu# 95- Pro Gln Leu Val Asp Met Ala Ala - # Gln Ile Ala Ser Gly Met AlaTyr# 110- Val Glu Arg Met Asn Tyr Val His - # Arg Asp Leu Arg Ala Ala AsnIle# 125- Leu Val Gly Glu Asn Leu Val Cys - # Lys Val Ala Asp Phe Gly LeuAla# 140- Arg Leu Ile Glu Asp Asn Glu Tyr - # Thr Ala Arg Gln Gly Ala LysPhe# 160- Pro Ile Lys Trp Thr Ala Pro Glu - # Ala Ala Leu Tyr Gly Arg PheThr# 175- Ile Lys Ser Asp Val Trp Ser Arg - # Gly Ile Leu Leu Thr Glu LeuThr# 190- Thr Lys Gly Arg Val Pro Tyr Pro - # Gly Met Val Asn Arg Glu ValLeu# 205- Asp Gln Val Glu Arg Gly Tyr Arg - # Met Pro Cys Pro Pro Glu ProGlu# 220- Ser Leu His Asp Leu Met Cys Gln - # Cys Trp Arg Lys Glu Pro GluGlu# 240- Arg Pro Thr Phe__________________________________________________________________________

Claims

1. Isolated cDNA comprising a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, wherein: said cDNA is isolated from human cells; and said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

2. The isolated cDNA of claim 1, wherein said sequence encodes a polypeptide that binds the RNA binding domain of TIA-1.

3. The isolated cDNA of claim 1, that hybridizes:

(a) to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment having a sequence complementary to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:1; and

(b) in 50% formamide and at least at 20.degree. C.

4. Isolated cDNA comprising a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1, wherein said sequence is SEQ ID NO:1.

5. The isolated cDNA of claim 1, that hybridizes:

(a) to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment having a sequence complementary to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment of the sequence from nucleotide 172 to nucleotide 645 of SEQ ID NO:1; and

(b) in 50% formamide and at least at 20.degree. C.

6. Isolated cDNA comprising a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1, wherein said sequence is the sequence from nucleotide 172 to nucleotide 645 of SEQ ID NO:1.

7. The isolated cDNA of claim 1, wherein said sequence encodes a polypeptide that binds the carboxy-terminal auxiliary domain of TIA-1.

8. The isolated cDNA of claim 1, that hybridizes:

(a) to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment having a sequence complementary to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:3; and

(b) in 50% formamide and at least at 20.degree. C.

9. Isolated cDNA comprising a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1, wherein said sequence is SEQ ID NO:3.

10. The isolated cDNA of claim 1, that hybridizes:

(a) to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment having a sequence complementary to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment of the sequence from nucleotide 265 to nucleotide 1688 of SEQ ID NO:3; and

(b) in 50% formamide and at least at 20.degree. C.

11. Isolated cDNA comprising a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1, wherein said sequence is the sequence from nucleotide 265 to nucleotide 1668 of SEQ ID NO:3.

12. Isolated cDNA comprising a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that binds p40-TIA-1 or an isoform of p40-TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, wherein: said cDNA is isolated from human cells; said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to p40-TIA-1 or said isoform of p40-TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with p40-TIA-1; and said isoform of p40-TIA-1 is immunologically reactive with said monoclonal antibody.

13. The isolated cDNA of any one of claims 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12, wherein said polypeptide is immunologically reactive with monoclonal antibody 2B5 produced by a hybridoma designated ATCC #HB-11721.

14. Isolated cDNA that hybridizes:

(a) to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment having a sequence complementary to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:1;

(b) in 50% formamide, at 42.degree. C., or in aqueous solution, at 68.degree. C.;

(c) said cDNA encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, and is isolated from human cells; and

(d) said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

15. Isolated cDNA that hybridizes:

(a) to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment having a sequence complementary to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:3;

(b) in 50% formamide, at 42.degree. C., or in aqueous solution, at 68.degree. C.;

(c) said cDNA encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, and is isolated from human cells; and

(d) said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

16. Isolated cDNA that hybridizes:

(a) to a sequence complementary to the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:1;

(b) in 50% formamide, at 20.degree. C.;

(c) said cDNA encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, and is isolated from human cells; and

(d) said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

17. Isolated cDNA that hybridizes:

(a) to a sequence complementary to the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:3;

(b) in 50% formamide, at 20.degree. C.;

(c) said cDNA encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, and is isolated from human cells; and

(d) said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

18. Purified nucleic acid comprising a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, wherein: said nucleic acid is purified from human cells; and said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

19. Purified nucleic acid comprising a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that binds p40-TIA-1 or an isoform of p40-TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, wherein: said nucleic acid is isolated from human cells; said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to p40-TIA-1 or said isoform of p40-TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with said p40-TIA-1; and said isoform of p40-TIA-1 is immunologically reactive with said monoclonal antibody.

20. The purified nucleic acid of any one of claims 18 or 19, wherein said polypeptide is immunologically reactive with monoclonal antibody 2B5 produced by a hybridoma designated ATCC #HB-11721.

21. Purified nucleic acid that hybridizes:

(a) to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:1, or to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment having a sequence complementary to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:1;

(b) in 50% formamide, at 42.degree. C. or in aqueous solution, at 68.degree. C.;

(c) said nucleic acid encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, and is isolated from human cells; and

(d) said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

22. Purified nucleic acid that hybridizes:

(a) to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:3, or to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment having a sequence complementary to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:3;

(b) in 50% formamide, at 42.degree. C., or in aqueous solution, at 68.degree. C.;

(c) said nucleic acid encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, and is isolated from human cells; and

(d) said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

23. Purified nucleic acid that hybridizes:

(a) to the coding sequence or sequence complementary to the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:1;

(b) in 50% formamide, at 20.degree. C.;

(c) said nucleic acid encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, and is isolated from human cells; and

(d) said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

24. Purified nucleic acid that hybridizes:

(a) to the coding sequence or sequence complementary to the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:3;

(b) in 50% formamide, at 20.degree. C.;

(c) said nucleic acid encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, and is isolated from human cells; and

(d) said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

25. A purified preparation of a vector, said vector comprising an isolated cDNA comprising a sequence that encodes a polypeptide or a fragment of said polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, wherein: said cDNA is isolated from human cells; and said polypeptide or said fragment co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

26. A purified preparation of a vector, said vector comprising an isolated cDNA comprising a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that binds p40-TIA-1 or an isoform of p40-TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, wherein: said cDNA is isolated from human cells; said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to p40-TIA-1 or said isoform of p40-TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with p40-TIA-1; and said isoform of p40-TIA-1 is immunologically reactive with said monoclonal antibody.

27. The purified preparation of a vector of claims 25 or 26, wherein said polypeptide is immunologically reactive with monoclonal antibody 2B5 produced by a hybridoma designated ATCC #HB-11721.

28. A plasmid deposited as ATCC #69371.

29. A plasmid deposited as ATCC #69372.

30. An isolated cell transformed with an isolated cDNA comprising a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, wherein: said cDNA is isolated from human cells; and said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

31. An isolated cell transformed with an isolated cDNA comprising a sequence that encodes a polypeptide that binds p40-TIA-1 or an isoform of p40-TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, wherein: said cDNA is isolated from human cells; said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to P40-TIA-1 or said isoform of p40-TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with p40-TIA-1; and said isoform of p40-TIA-1 is immunologically reactive with said monoclonal antibody.

32. The isolated cell of claim 30 or 31, wherein said polypeptide is immunologically reactive with monoclonal antibody 2B5 produced by a hybridoma designated ATCC #HB-11721.

33. A method of producing a polypeptide, wherein said method comprises culturing the isolated cell of claim 30 or 31 under conditions permitting the expression of said isolated cDNA and recovering said polypeptide encoded by said isolated cDNA.

34. Isolated cDNA comprising SEQ ID NO:1.

35. Isolated cDNA comprising the sequence from nucleotide 172 to nucleotide 645 of SEQ ID NO:1.

36. Isolated cDNA comprising SEQ ID NO:3.

37. Isolated cDNA comprising the sequence from nucleotide 265 to nucleotide 1668 of SEQ ID NO:3.

38. Isolated cDNA that hybridizes:

(a) to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment having a sequence complementary to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:1;

(b) in 50% formamide, at 42.degree. C., or in aqueous solution, at 68.degree. C.;

(c) said cDNA encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, and is isolated from mammalian, Drosophila or yeast cells; and

(d) said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

39. The isolated cDNA of claim 38, wherein said cells are mammalian cells.

40. Isolated cDNA that hybridizes:

(a) to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment having a sequence complementary to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:3;

(b) in 50% formamide, at 42.degree. C., or in aqueous solution, at 68.degree. C.;

(c) said cDNA encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, and is isolated from mammalian, Drosophila or yeast cells; and

(d) said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

41. The isolated cDNA of claim 40, wherein said cells are mammalian cells.

42. Isolated cDNA that hybridizes:

(a) to a sequence complementary to the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:1;

(b) in 50% formamide, at 20.degree. C.;

(c) said cDNA encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, and is isolated from mammalian Drosophila or yeast cells; and

(d) said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

43. The isolated cDNA of claim 42, wherein said cells are mammalian cells.

44. Isolated cDNA that hybridizes:

(a) to a sequence complementary to the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:3;

(b) in 50% formamide, at 20.degree. C.;

(c) said cDNA encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, and is isolated from mammalian Drosophila or yeast cells; and

(d) said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

45. The isolated cDNA of claim 44, wherein said cells are mammalian cells.

46. Purified nucleic acid that hybridizes:

(a) to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:1, or to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment having a sequence complementary to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:1;

(b) in 50% formamide, at 42.degree. C., or in aqueous solution, at 68.degree. C.;

(c) said nucleic acid encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, and is isolated from mammalian, Drosophila or yeast cells; and

(d) said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

47. The purified nucleic acid of claim 46, wherein said cells are mammalian cells.

48. Purified nucleic acid that hybridizes:

(a) to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:3, or to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment having a sequence complementary to an at least six- to twenty-nucleotide segment of SEQ ID NO:3;

(b) in 50% formamide, at 42.degree. C., or in aqueous solution, at 68.degree. C.;

(c) said nucleic acid encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, and is isolated from mammalian, Drosophila or yeast cells; and

(d) said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

49. The purified nucleic acid of claim 48, wherein said cells are mammalian cells.

50. Purified nucleic acid that hybridizes:

(a) to a coding sequence or sequence complementary to the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:1;

(b) in 50% formamide, at 20.degree. C.;

(c) said nucleic acid encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, and is isolated from mammalian, Drosophila or yeast cells; and

(d) said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

51. The purified nucleic acid of claim 50, wherein said cells are mammalian cells.

52. Purified nucleic acid that hybridizes:

(a) to a coding sequence or sequence complementary to the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:3;

(b) in 50% formamide, at 20.degree. C.;

(c) said nucleic acid encodes a polypeptide that binds TIA-1 in a double transformation under standard conditions, and is isolated from mammalian, Drosophila or yeast cells; and

(d) said polypeptide co-precipitates bound to TIA-1, using a monoclonal antibody that is immunologically reactive with TIA-1.

53. The purified nucleic acid of claim 52, wherein said cells are mammalian cells.