Claims
- 1. A toner for developing an electrostatic image, comprising toner particles; wherein each toner particle comprises:
- (i) 100 wt. parts of a binder resin having a glass transition point (Tg) of 50-70.degree. C.,
- (ii) 0.2-20 wt. parts of solid wax, and
- (iii) colorant particles carrying a liquid lubricant, or a magnetic powder carrying a liquid lubricant, or a mixture thereof;
- the toner particle retaining the liquid lubricant at its surface;
- wherein the liquid lubricant is an oil selected from the group consisting of fluorinated hydrocarbon, non-reactive silicone, dimethylsilicone, methylphenyl silicone and methylhydrogen silicone
- and the toner particles contain 0.2-5 parts of the liquid lubricant per 100 wt. parts of the binder resin.
- 2. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said colorant particles carrying a liquid lubricant are contained in the toner particles in an amount of 0.1-20 wt. parts per 100 wt. parts of the binder resin.
- 3. The toner according to claim 2, wherein said colorant particles comprise carbon black or an organic pigment.
- 4. The toner according to claim 2, wherein said colorant particles are contained in an amount of 0.2-10 wt. parts per 100 wt. parts of the binder resin.
- 5. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said magnetic powder carrying a liquid lubricant is contained in the toner particles in an amount of 10-200 wt. parts per 100 wt. parts of the binder resin.
- 6. The toner according to claim 5, wherein said magnetic powder is a silicon-containing magnetic powder.
- 7. The toner according to claim 5, wherein said magnetic powder is contained in an amount of 20-170 parts per 100 wt. parts of the binder resin.
- 8. The toner according to claim 7, wherein said magnetic powder is contained in an amount of 30-150 parts per 100 wt. parts of the binder resin.
- 9. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said solid wax has a heat absorption characteristic giving an onset temperature of at least 50.degree. C. on its DSC curve.
- 10. The toner according to claim 9, wherein said solid wax provides a heat-absorption peak having a peaktop temperature of at least 50.degree. C. on its DSC curve.
- 11. The toner according to claim 10, wherein said solid wax provides a heat-absorption peak onset temperature of 50-120.degree. C. on its DSC curve on temperature increase.
- 12. The toner according to claim 11, wherein said solid wax provides a heat-absorption peak onset temperature of 60-110.degree. C. on its DSC curve on temperature increase.
- 13. The toner according to claim 11, wherein said solid wax provides a heat-absorption peak showing a terminal onset temperature of at least 80.degree. C. on its DSC curve on temperature increase.
- 14. The toner according to claim 13, wherein said solid wax provides a heat-absorption peak showing a terminal onset temperature of 80-140.degree. C. on its DSC curve on temperature increase.
- 15. The toner according to claim 10, wherein said solid wax provides a maximum heat-absorption peak having a peaktop temperature of 70-130.degree. C.
- 16. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said liquid lubricant has a viscosity at 25.degree. C. of 10-200,000 cSt.
- 17. The toner according to claim 16, wherein said liquid lubricant has a viscosity at 25.degree. C. of 20-50,000 cSt.
- 18. The toner according to claim 13, wherein said liquid lubricant has a viscosity at 25.degree. C. of 50-20,000 cSt.
- 19. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said lubricating oil is an oil selected from the group consisting of dimethylsilicone, fluorine-modified silicone and fluorinated hydrocarbon.
- 20. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said toner particles have been heat-treated.
- 21. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said magnetic powder comprises magnetic iron oxide particles.
- 22. The toner according to claim 21, wherein said magnetic iron oxide particles contain a compound selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide at the surface or inside thereof.
- 23. The toner according to claim 21, wherein said magnetic iron oxide particles contain silicon at the surface or inside thereof.
- 24. The toner according to claim 23, wherein said magnetic iron oxide particles contain 0.1-3 wt. % of silicon based on the total weight of the magnetic iron oxide particles.
- 25. The toner according to claim 24, wherein said magnetic iron oxide particles contain 0.2-2 wt. % of silicon based on the total weight of the magnetic iron oxide particles.
- 26. The toner according to claim 25, wherein said magnetic iron oxide particles contain 0.25-1.0 wt. % of silicon based on the total weight of the magnetic iron oxide particles.
- 27. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said magnetic powder has a BET specific surface area, without any liquid lubricant, of 1-40 m.sup.2 /g.
- 28. The toner according to claim 27, wherein said magnetic powder has a BET specific surface area, without any liquid lubricant, of 2-30 m.sup.2 /g.
- 29. The toner according to claim 28, wherein said magnetic powder has a BET specific surface area, without any liquid lubricant, of 3-20 m.sup.2 /g.
- 30. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said magnetic powder without any liquid lubricant and under a magnetic field of 10 kilo-oersted has a saturation magnetization of 5-200 emu/g and a residual magnetization of 1-100 emu/g.
- 31. The toner according to claim 30, wherein said magnetic powder without any liquid lubricant and under a magnetic field of 10 kilo-oersted has a saturation magnetization of 10-150 emu/g and a residual magnetization of 1-70 emu/g.
- 32. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said magnetic powder carrying the liquid lubricant has an oil absorption capacity of at least 15 cc/100 g.
- 33. The toner according to claim 32, wherein said magnetic powder carrying the liquid lubricant has an oil absorption capacity of 18.5-30 cc/100 g.
- 34. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said magnetic powder without any liquid lubricant has a bulk density of at most 1.0 g/cm.sup.3.
- 35. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said binder resin comprises a styrene copolymer, a polyester resin, or a mixture thereof.
- 36. The toner according to claim 35, wherein the toner comprises a polyester resin as the binder resin and contains a THF-soluble component giving a molecular weight distribution on a GPC chromatogram showing a main peak in a molecular weight region of 3.times.10.sup.3 -1.5.times.10.sup.4 and a ratio Mw/Mn between weight-average molecular weight and number-average molecular weight of at least 10.
- 37. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner contains a THF-soluble component giving a molecular weight distribution on a GPC chromatogram showing at least one peak (P.sub.1) in a molecular weight region of 3.times.10.sup.3 -5.times.10.sup.4 and at least one peak (P.sub.2) in a molecular weight region of at least 10.sup.5.
- 38. The toner according to claim 37, wherein the THF-soluble component has a molecular weight distribution on a GPC chromatogram showing at least one peak (P.sub.1) in a molecular weight region of 3.times.10.sup.3 -3.times.10.sup.4 and at least one peak (P.sub.2) in a molecular weight region of 3.times.10.sup.5 -5.times.10.sup.6.
- 39. The toner according to claim 38, wherein the THF-soluble component has a molecular weight distribution on a GPC chromatogram showing at least one peak (P.sub.1) in a molecular weight region of 5.times.10.sup.3 -2.times.10.sup.4 and at least one peak (P.sub.2) in a molecular weight region of 3.times.10.sup.5 -2.times.10.sup.6.
- 40. The toner according to claim 37, wherein the THF-soluble component has a molecular weight distribution on a GPC chromatogram containing at least 50% of component having a molecular weight of at most 10.sup.5.
- 41. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said solid wax is selected from the group consisting of paraffin montan, Fischer-Tropsch, polyolefin and carnauba waxes.
- 42. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said solid wax is contained in an amount of 0.5-10 wt. parts per 100 wt. parts of the binder resin.
- 43. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said solid wax has a penetration of at most 4.0 and a density of at least 0.93.
- 44. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said solid wax has a number-average molecular (Mn) of 300-1500, a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 500-4500, and an Mw/Mn ratio of at most 3.0.
- 45. The toner according to claim 44, wherein said solid wax has an Mn of 350-1200, an Mw of 550-3600, and an Mw/Mn ratio of at most 2.5.
- 46. The toner according to claim 45, wherein said solid wax has an Mn of 400-1000, an Mw of 600-3000, and an Mw/Mn ratio of at most 2.0.
- 47. The toner according to claim 44, wherein solid wax is selected from the group consisting of polyolefin wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, and a long-chain alkyl alcohol wax having up to 100 carbon atoms.
- 48. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said solid wax has a carbon number distribution as measured by gas chromatography giving a largest peak at a carbon number of at least 30.
- 49. The toner according to claim 48, wherein said solid wax has a carbon number distribution as measured by gas chromatography giving a largest peak at a carbon number of at least 40.
- 50. The toner according to claim 48, wherein said solid wax has a carbon number distribution as measured by gas chromatography including a principal component composed of continuous carbon numbers.
- 51. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said toner particles contain a positive charge control agent.
- 52. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said toner particles contain a negative charge control agent.
- 53. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said liquid lubricant is carried on the colorant or magnetic powder in an amount of 0.3-3 wt. parts per 100 parts of the binder resin.
- 54. The toner according to claim 1, wherein said liquid lubricant is carried on the colorant or magnetic powder in an amount of 0.3-2 wt. parts per 100 parts of the binder resin.
Priority Claims (4)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
5-323424 |
Nov 1993 |
JPX |
|
5-346992 |
Dec 1993 |
JPX |
|
6-089949 |
Apr 1994 |
JPX |
|
6-118550 |
May 1994 |
JPX |
|
Parent Case Info
This application is a continuation of Application Ser. No. 08/350,109 filed Nov. 29, 1994, now abandoned.
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Non-Patent Literature Citations (2)
Entry |
Patent & Trademark Office English-Language Translation of Japanese Patent 2-217866. |
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Continuations (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
350109 |
Nov 1994 |
|