Claims
- 1. A toner comprised of polymer and titanium oxide dihydroxide of the formula --O--Ti(OH).sub.2 wherein Ti is titanium.
- 2. A toner comprised of polymer, a charge control agent, a colorant, a wax, and titanium oxide dihydroxide, and wherein said titanium dihydroxide is of the formula --O--Ti(OH).sub.2 wherein Ti is titanium.
- 3. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein said toner further contains a surface additive mixture comprised of from about 0.2 to about 4 weight percent in each instance of hydrophobic colloidal, fumed silica or metal oxide particles.
- 4. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein said titanium oxide hydroxide is a primary particle size of about 30 nanometers.
- 5. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein said titanium oxide hydroxide is of an aggregate size of about 300 nanometers.
- 6. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein said titanium oxide hydroxide is blended on the toner surface in an amount of from about 0.3 to about 3 weight percent.
- 7. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein a coating of an alkyl silane is present on said titanium oxide dihydroxide, and which coating is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 60 weight percent based on said hydroxide and said alkylsilane.
- 8. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge control agent provides a negative triboelectric charge on said toner.
- 9. A set of toners in accordance with claim 2 wherein the colorant is cyan, magenta, yellow, black, or mixtures thereof.
- 10. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge control agent is an organic aluminum complex of the alternative formulas, or mixtures thereof ##STR4## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, and n represents the number of R.sub.1 segments.
- 11. A toner in accordance with claim 10 wherein alkyl contains from 1 to about 25 carbon atoms, and n is a number of from 1 to 4.
- 12. A toner in accordance with claim 10 wherein alkyl contains from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, or about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
- 13. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge additive, or charge control agent is aluminum di-tertiary-butyl salicylate; hydroxy bis[3,5-tertiary butyl salicylic] aluminate; hydroxy bis[3,5-tertiary butyl salicylic] aluminate mono-, di-, tri- or tetrahydrates; hydroxy bis[salicylic] aluminate; hydroxy bis[monoalkyl salicylic] aluminate; hydroxy bis[dialkyl salicylic] aluminate; hydroxy bis[trialkyl salicylic] aluminate; hydroxy bis[tetraalkyl salicylic] aluminate; hydroxy bis[hydroxy naphthoic acid] aluminate; hydroxy bis[monoalkylated hydroxy naphthoic acid] aluminate; bis[dialkylated hydroxy naphthoic acid] aluminate wherein alkyl contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; or bis[trialkylated hydroxy naphthoic acid] aluminate wherein alkyl contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
- 14. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge control agent is hydroxy bis(3,5-di-tertiary butyl salicylic) aluminate monohydrate.
- 15. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge control agent is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 10 weight percent.
- 16. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge agent is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 5 weight percent.
- 17. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein the polymer is present in an amount of from about 60 to about 95 weight percent, and wherein the total of all toner components is about 100 percent, or wherein the resin is present in an amount of from about 70 to about 90 weight percent and wherein the total of all toner components is about 100 percent.
- 18. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein the colorant is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 20 weight percent and wherein the total of all toner components is about 100 percent.
- 19. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein the colorant is present in an amount of from about 5 to about 15 weight percent and wherein the total of all toner components is about 100 percent.
- 20. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein the colorant is carbon black.
- 21. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein the colorant is red, blue, green or brown.
- 22. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein the polymer is comprised of polyamides, polyolefins, styrene acrylates, styrene methacrylates, styrene butadienes, crosslinked styrene polymers, epoxies, polyurethanes, vinyl resins, including homopolymers or copolymers of two or more vinyl monomers; and polymeric esterification products of a dicarboxylic acid and a diol comprising a diphenol, vinyl monomers of styrene, p-chlorostyrene, unsaturated mono-olefins of ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene; saturated mono-olefins of vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, and vinyl butyrate; vinyl esters of monocarboxylic acids including methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butylacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and butyl methacrylate; acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide and mixtures thereof; styrene butadiene copolymers with an optional styrene content of from about 70 to about 95 weight percent, a styrene acrylate, a styrene methacrylate, a styrene-butadiene, a polyester, a reactive extruded polyester, or a hybrid polyester styrene/acrylate containing from about 0.1 percent to about 99.9 weight percent polyester and from about 99.9 percent to about 0.1 percent styrene/acrylate, and wherein said weight percent totals about 100 percent.
- 23. A toner in accordance with claim 2 further wherein said wax is incorporated into said toner in an amount of from about 1 to about 10 weight percent.
- 24. A toner in accordance with claim 23 wherein said wax is polypropylene, polyethylene, or mixtures thereof.
- 25. A toner comprised of a binder, a charge control additive, colorant, wax, and a titanium oxide dihydroxide of the formula --O--Ti(OH).sub.2 wherein said charge control additive is an organic aluminum complex of the formulas, or mixtures thereof ##STR5## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, and n represents the number of R groups.
- 26. A toner in accordance with claim 25 wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl, and n is a number of 1 to 4.
- 27. A toner in accordance with claim 25 wherein n is 1.
- 28. A toner in accordance with claim 2 further containing a toner surface additive.
- 29. A toner consisting essentially of polymer and titanium oxide dihydroxide of the formula --[O--Ti(OH).sub.2 ].sub.n -- wherein Ti is titanium and wherein n represents the number of segments.
- 30. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said polymer is a styrene acrylate, a styrene methacrylate, a styrene butadiene, or a polyester.
- 31. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said titanium oxide dihydroxide contains a coating of an alkyl silane.
- 32. A toner in accordance with claim 2 wherein said titanium oxide dihydroxide contains a coating of an alkyl silane.
- 33. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said titanium oxide dihydroxide is surface treated.
RELATED PATENTS
Illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,456, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, is a liquid developer with aluminum complex charge directors and which charge directors may be selected as charge additives for the toners of the present invention. Also, there can be more specifically selected for the toners of the present invention, Alohas an abbreviation for hydroxy bis(3,5-di-tertiary butyl salicylic) aluminate monohydrate, and related complexes, reference for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,366,840 and 5,324,613, the disclosures of which were totally incorporated herein by reference.
US Referenced Citations (16)