Claims
- 1. A process for decreasing toner adhesion and decreasing toner cohesion consisting essentially of adding a spacer component of a polymer, a metal, a metal oxide, a metal carbide, or a metal nitride, to the surface of a toner comprised of resin, wax, compatibilizer, and colorant excluding black, and wherein toner surface additives are blended with said toner, and wherein said component is permanently attached to the toner surface by the injection of said component in a fluid bed milling device during the size reduction process of said toner contained in said device, and where the power imparted to the toner to obtain said attachment is from equal to, or about above 5 watts per gram of toner.
- 2. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said component is aluminum oxide, or polymethylmethacrylate, and is added in an amount of from about 1 to about 12 weight percent, the injection is continuous, and the colorant is a pigment.
- 3. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said power is from about 6 to about 15 watts per gram of toner, said component is polymethylmethacrylate, said colorant is a pigment, and the injection is continuous.
- 4. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said component is boron nitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, strontium titanate, tin oxide, barium titanate, magnesium titanate, barium zirconate, strontium zirconate, yttrium oxide, aluminum oxide, or aluminum nitride, and said toner surface additives are comprised of silica and titania.
- 5. A process for decreasing toner adhesion and decreasing toner cohesion which comprises adding a polymer to the surface of a toner comprised of resin, compatibilizer, wax, and colorant excluding black, and wherein the polymer is permanently attached to the toner surface by continuous injection of said polymer in a fluid bed milling device during the size reduction process of the toner, and where the specific power imparted to the toner during said attachment process is equal to, or above about 5 watts per gram of toner.
- 6. A process in accordance with claim 5 wherein said power is from about 10 to about 15 watts per gram of toner, the colorant is a pigment, the polymer is polymethylmethacrylate, and the injection is continuous.
- 7. A process in accordance with claim 5 wherein said polymer component is selected in an amount of from about 3 to about 9 weight percent, and the colorant is a pigment.
- 8. A process in accordance with claim 5 wherein said polymer component is polymethylmethacrylate selected in an amount of form about 6 to about 9 weight percent, and said colorant is a pigment.
- 9. A process in accordance with claim 5 wherein the toner further includes surface additives.
- 10. A process in accordance with claim 9 wherein said surface additives are silica, titania, zinc stearate, or mixtures thereof, and wherein each of said additives are selected in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent.
- 11. A process in accordance with claim 5 wherein said toner is substantially free of aging for about 500,000 imaging cycles in a xerographic imaging or printing apparatus.
- 12. A process in accordance with claim 6 wherein said toner is substantially free of aging for about 500,000 imaging cycles in a xerographic imaging or printing apparatus.
- 13. A process in accordance with claim 6 wherein said toner contains surface additives of silica and titanium oxide in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 0.75 weight percent, and which surface additives possess a diameter from about 8 to about 20 nanometers.
- 14. A process in accordance with claim 5 wherein said resin is a polyester.
- 15. A process in accordance with claim 5 wherein said colorant is the pigment red, blue, yellow, green, brown, orange, cyan, magenta, or mixtures thereof.
- 16. A process in accordance with claim 15 wherein said pigment is present in an amount of from about 2 to about 12 weight percent.
- 17. A process which comprises adding a spacer component with a diameter of from about 100 nanometers to about 500 nanometers to a toner comprised of resin, colorant, wax, compatibilizer, and surface additives, and wherein the component is permanently attached to the toner surface by the continuous injection of said component in a fluid bed milling device during the size reduction process of the toner contained in said device, and where the power imparted to the toner during said attachment is at least about 5 watts per gram of toner.
- 18. A process in accordance with claim 17 wherein said surface additives are comprised of fumed silica and metal oxides each present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 0.5 weight percent, and each with a diameter of from about 8 nanometers to about 20 nanometers, said colorant is a pigment excluding black, and said power is from about 10 to about 15 watts.
- 19. A process in accordance with claim 17 wherein said resin is a styrene acrylate, a styrene methacrylate, a styrene butadiene, or a polyester; the wax is of a low molecular weight M.sub.w of from about 1,000 to about 20,000; and the wax is present in an amount of from about 3 to about 10 weight percent.
- 20. A process in accordance with claim 17 wherein said toner further contains a charge enhancing additive.
- 21. A process in accordance with claim 17 wherein said resin is present in an amount of from about 75 to about 95 weight percent, said colorant is a pigment excluding black and is present in an amount of from about 2 to about 12 weight percent, said wax is present in an amount of from about 2 to about 5 weight percent, and said compatibilizer is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 5 weight percent; and wherein said total percent is about 100.
- 22. A process in accordance with claim 17 wherein said toner is mixed with carrier particles.
- 23. A process in accordance with claim 22 wherein said carrier contains a coating thereover of a polyvinylidine fluoride, a polymethyl methacrylate, or a mixture of polymers not in close proximity in the triboelectric series.
- 24. A process which comprises adding a spacer component of polymer to the surface of a toner comprised of resin, wax, compatibilizer, and colorant excluding black, and wherein toner surface additives are optionally blended with said toner, and wherein said spacer component is permanently attached to the toner surface.
- 25. A process in accordance with claim 24 wherein said polymer is polymethylmethacrylate, and said colorant is a pigment.
- 26. A process in accordance with claim 1, wherein said spacer component is the polymer polymethylmethacrylate.
- 27. A process in accordance with claim 1, wherein said spacer component is of a size of from about 100 nanometers to about 500 nanometers.
- 28. A process in accordance with claim 1, wherein said component is of size of from about 100 to about 200 nanometers and said component is polymethylmethacrylate.
- 29. A process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the toner cohesion value is from about 10 percent to about 65 percent.
- 30. A process comprising mixing a toner and a spacer component and wherein said spacer component is of a size from about 100 nanometers to about 500 nanometers and said toner is comprised of toner resin and colorant.
- 31. A process in accordance with claim 30, wherein the spacer component is a polymer.
- 32. A process in accordance with claim 30, wherein the spacer component is permanently attached to the toner surface by the injection of said component in a fluid bed milling device and wherein the size of said component is from about 100 to about 500 nanometers and wherein the toner further includes surface additives.
Parent Case Info
There is illustrated in application U.S. Ser. No. 08/843,883 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,716,752 filed concurrently herewith, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, toners with spacers, such as magnetites.
US Referenced Citations (18)