Claims
- 1. A process comprising heating a latex, a colorant dispersion, a polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion, and an organo metallic complexing component.
- 2. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the latex contains a sulfonated polyester, and wherein said heating is below about the glass transition temperature of said polyester, followed by heating above about the glass transition temperature of said polyester.
- 3. A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein said polyester is a sodio sulfonated polyester.
- 4. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said latex which contains a sulfonated polyester and water is generated by heating, subsequently adding thereto said colorant dispersion and said polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion, followed by the addition of said organo metallic complexing component, and thereafter heating, and wherein there results a toner product.
- 5. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said latex is
(i) comprised of sodio sulfonated polyester resin particles of a size diameter of from about 5 to about 300 nanometers, which resin particles are present in an amount of from about 5 to about 40 weight percent, and wherein said latex is prepared by heating said resin particles in water at a temperature of from about 45° C. to about 80° C.; (ii) thereafter adding said colorant dispersion containing from about 20 to about 50 percent of predispersed colorant in water, and wherein the mean colorant diameter size is from about 50 to about 150 nanometers, and adding said polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) dispersion containing from about 20 to about 50 percent of a predispersed polytetrafluoroethylene copolymer in water with a mean particle size for said copolymer of from about 30 to about 150 nanometers and shearing, followed by the addition of said organo metallic complexing component in an amount of from about 1 to about 10 weight percent in water; (iii) heating the resulting mixture at a temperature of from about 35° C. to about 65° C. thereby causing aggregation and coalescence resulting in toner particles of from about 3 to about 20 microns in diameter; and (iv) subsequent to cooling isolating a toner product.
- 6. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the organo metallic complexing component is selected from the group consisting of metal salts of acetate where the metal is zinc, lithium, calcium, barium, copper(II), chromium(II), strontium, vanadium, manganese(II), iron(II), silver or sodium; the salt derivatives of 2,4-pentanedione of zinc acetylacetonate hydrate, lithium acetylacetonate, calcium acetylacetonate hydrate, barium acetylacetonate hydrate, copper(II) acetylacetonate, chromium(II) acetylacetonate, strontium acetylacetonate, vanadium(III) acetylacetonate, manganese(II and III) acetylacetonate, iron(III) acetylacetonate, silver acetylacetonate or sodium acetylacetonate; metal salts of benzoate where the metal is lithium, silver or sodium, and a metal formate wherein the metal is copper(II) or sodium.
- 7. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the organo metallic complex is selected in an amount of from about 1 to about 10 weight percent by weight based on the weight of said resin and said colorant.
- 8. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said polytetrafluoroethylene is a copolymer of size diameter of about 30 to about 150 nanometers.
- 9. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said polytetrafluoroethylene is generated from the reaction of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride.
- 10. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said polytetrafluoroethylene is generated from the reaction of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride in an amount of from about 30 to about 70 weight percent of tetrafluoroethylene, about 10 to about 30 weight percent of hexafluoropropylene and about 10 to about 50 weight percent of vinylidene fluoride, and wherein the total of said three components is about 100 percent.
- 11. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said polytetrafluoroethylene is selected in an amount of from about 1 to about 20 percent by weight.
- 12. A process in accordance with claim 5 wherein the particle size distribution of the aggregated particles is about 1.40 decreasing to about 1.15, when the temperature is increased from room temperature, about 25° C. to about 55° C.
- 13. A process in accordance with claim 5 wherein said shearing is accomplished by homogenizing at from about 1,000 revolutions per minute to about 10,000 revolutions per minute, at a temperature of from about 25° C. to about 35° C. for an optional duration of from about 1 minute to about 120 minutes.
- 14. A process in accordance with claim 5 wherein the polyester of (i) is a polyester of poly(1,2-propylene-sodio 5-sulfoisophthalate), poly(neopentylene-sodio 5-sulfoisophthalate), poly(diethylene-sodio 5-sulfoisophthalate), copoly-(1,2-propylene-sodio 5-sulfoisophthalate)-copoly-(1,2-propylene-terephthalatephthalate), copoly-(1,2-propylene-diethylene sodio 5-sulfoisophthalate)-copoly-(1,2-propylene-diethylene-terephthalatephthalate), copoly-(ethylene-neopentylene-sodio 5-sulfoisophthalate)-copoly-(ethylene-neopentylene-terephthalate-phthalate), or copoly-(propoxylated bisphenol A)-copoly-(propoxylated bisphenol A-sodio 5-sulfoisophthalate).
- 15. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the colorant is carbon black, magnetite, cyan, yellow, magenta, or mixtures thereof.
- 16. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein there results toner particles of from about 2 to about 15 microns in volume average diameter, and the geometric size distribution thereof is from about 1.15 to about 1.35.
- 17. A process in accordance with claim 16 wherein there is added to the surface of the formed toner metal salts, metal salts of fatty acids, silicas, metal oxides, or mixtures thereof, each in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of the obtained toner.
- 18. A process in accordance with claim 5 wherein the toner obtained after cooling is from about 3 to about 15 microns in volume average diameter, and the geometric size distribution thereof is from about 1.15 to about 1.25.
- 19. A process in accordance with claim 5 wherein prior to cooling (iv) there is accomplished heating of from about 35° C. to about 65° C. above the polyester resin Tg.
- 20. A substantially surfactant free process for the preparation of toner comprising admixing an emulsion latex comprised of sodio sulfonated polyester resin particles of about 30 to about 80 nanometers in size by heating said resin in water at a temperature of from about 15° C. to about 30° C. above the resin glass transition temperature; with a colorant dispersion containing from about 20 to about 50 percent of predispersed colorant in water, with a mean colorant size of from about 50 to about 150 nanometers, a polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion containing from about 30 to about 50 percent of solids comprising tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride in an amount of from about 30 to about 70 weight percent of tetrafluoroethylene, about 10 to about 30 weight percent of hexafluoropropylene, and about 10 to about 50 weight percent of vinylidene fluoride in water and with a mean particle size of about 50 to about 120 nanometers, followed by the addition of an organo metallic complexing agent; heating the resulting mixture at a temperature of from about 35° C. to about 65° C. thereby causing aggregation and coalescence of the latex resin, the colorant and the polytetrafluoroethylene; and
(v) cooling the mixture followed by isolating said toner.
- 21. A process in accordance with claim 20 wherein isolation is by filtration and cooling is to about 25° C.
- 22. A surfactant free process for the preparation of toner comprising mixing an emulsion latex comprised of sodio sulfonated polyester resin particles, colorant, and polytetrafluoroethylene, followed by the addition of an organo metallic complexing agent, and heating the resulting mixture causing aggregation and enabling coalescence of the latex resin, the colorant and the polytetrafluoroethylene.
- 23. A process in accordance with claim 22 comprising
(i) admixing said emulsion latex comprised of sodio sulfonated polyester resin particles with said colorant; (ii) adding said polytetrafluoroethylene to said emulsion, followed by the addition of said organo metallic complexing agent; (iii) heating the resulting mixture at a temperature of from about 35° C. to about 65° C. thereby causing aggregation and coalescence of said latex resin, said colorant and said polytetrafluoroethylene, cooling the product mixture, followed by isolation of said toner.
- 24. A process in accordance with claim 23 wherein there is accomplished
(i) admixing said emulsion latex comprised of said sodio sulfonated polyester resin particles of a size diameter of from about 10 to about 250 nanometers and in an amount of from about 5 to about 40 weight percent, and heating said resin particles in water at a temperature of from about 45° C. to about 80° C.; (ii) adding said colorant containing about 20 to about 50 percent of colorant in water, which colorant possesses a mean size diameter of from about 50 to about 150 nanometers, adding said PTFE dispersion containing about 20 to about 50 percent of predispersed PTFE copolymer in water, which PTFE possesses a mean particle size of about 30 to about 150 nanometers, to said latex mixture with shearing, followed by the addition of said organo metallic complexing agent in an amount of from about 1 to about 10 weight percent in water; (iii) heating the resulting mixture at a temperature of from about 45° C. to about 60° C. causing aggregation and coalescence resulting in toner particles of from about 4 to about 18 microns in size; and optionally (iv) cooling the toner product mixture to about 25° C., followed by filtering and drying.
- 25. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said colorant is a pigment, said resin is copoly(1,2-propylene-diethylene) terephthalate-copoly(sodium sulfoisophthalate dicarboxylate), said polytetrafluoroethylene is present as a dispersion, and said complexing component is Zn(OCOCH3)2•2H2O.
- 26. A process in accordance with claim 5 wherein said colorant is a pigment, said resin is copoly(1,2-propylene-diethylene) terephthalate-copoly(sodium sulfoisophthalate dicarboxylate), said polytetrafluoroethylene is present as a dispersion, and said complexing component is Zn(OCOCH3)2•2H2O.
- 27. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein said colorant is a pigment of carbon black, magenta, yellow, cyan, or mixtures thereof.
- 28. A process in accordance with claim 5 wherein said complexing component is metal salts of acetate where the metal is zinc, lithium, calcium, barium, copper(II), chromium(II), strontium, vanadium, manganese(II), iron(II), silver or sodium.
CROSS REFERENCES
[0001] Illustrated in copending applications U.S. Ser. No. 09/877,747, filed Jun. 11, 2001 on Toner Coagulant Processes; U.S. Ser. No. 09/810,138, filed Mar. 19, 2001 on Toner Coagulant Processes; U.S. Ser. No. 09/922,263, filed Aug. 6, 2001 on Toner Coagulant Processes; U.S. Ser. No. 09/960,425, filed Sept. 24, 2001 on Toner Processes; U.S. Ser. No. 09/976,943, filed Oct. 15, 2001 on Toner Coagulant Processes; and U.S. Ser. No. (not yet assigned - D/A0662), filed Jan. 2002 on Toner Coagulant Processes, the disclosures of which are totally incorporated herein by reference, are toner processes wherein a coagulant may be selected.