Patent Grant
11766296
The present invention relates to generally to an augmented reality system, and specifically to a tracking system for an augmented reality system that is used to perform image-guided surgery.
A head-mounted display is sometimes used as part of an augmented reality system. The display is used to generate an augmented reality scene, in which a scene that is being viewed by a user of the head-mounted display is altered, typically by being augmented or supplemented. The alteration is computer generated, and typically involves presenting real-time video, and/or non-real-time images, to the user while the user is gazing at the scene.
In some cases, an augmented reality system is used for performing image-guided surgery, as part of a medical procedure. For example, a computer-generated image may be presented to a healthcare professional who is performing the procedure. The image may be presented on a head-mounted display such that the image is aligned with an anatomical portion of a patient who is undergoing the procedure. Although some misalignment of the image with the patient's body may be acceptable, for satisfactory presentation of the images the misalignment may typically not be more than about 2-3 mm. In order to account for such a limit on the misalignment of the patient's anatomy with the presented images, the position of the patient's body or a portion thereof is typically tracked.
In some cases, an image of a tool that is used to perform the procedure is incorporated into the image that is displayed on the head-mounted display. In order to incorporate an image of the tool into the image, in a manner in which the position of the tool with respect to the image and/or the patient's anatomy is accurately reflected, the position of the tool or a portion thereof is typically tracked.
Triangulation techniques are commonly employed for tracking positions of a patient's body and/or a tool. In such techniques, a plurality of imaging devices, which are disposed at known locations with respect to each other, are used to detect a feature (such as a marker) on the patient's body, and/or on the tool. The location of the feature is then derived, using a combination of the known locations of the imaging devices, as well as the location of the feature as detected by each of the imaging devices.
In accordance with some applications of the present invention, a first healthcare professional (e.g., a surgeon performing a procedure) wears a first head-mounted device. Typically, the head-mounted device includes one or more head-mounted displays. For some applications, the head-mounted displays are generally similar to those described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,928,629 to Benishti, which is incorporated herein by reference. For example, the head-mounted displays may include a combiner that is controlled by a computer processor, such as to display an augmented reality image to the healthcare professional. For some applications, the image is presented on the head-mounted display such that (a) a computer-generated image is projected onto a first portion of the display, and (b) the computer-generated image is aligned with an anatomical portion of a patient who is undergoing the procedure, with the anatomical portion of a patient visible through a second portion of the display. Typically, the computer-generated image includes a virtual image of the tool overlaid upon a virtual image of the patient's anatomy. For some applications, a portion of the tool that would not otherwise be visible to the healthcare professional (for example, by virtue of being hidden by the patient's anatomy) is included in the computer-generated image.
Typically, the head-mounted device includes a tracking device that is configured to facilitate determination of the location and orientation of the head-mounted device with respect to a portion of the patient's body (e.g., the patient's back), and/or the position and orientation of the tool with respect to the patient's body. For example, the tracking device may include an image-capturing device, such as a camera, that is configured to image a patient marker and/or a tool marker. Typically, the patient marker is configured to provide data that is sufficient for the computer processor to determine the location and orientation of the head-mounted device with respect to the portion of the patient's body using data collected from a single tracking device that is disposed on the head-mounted display. For example, the patient marker may include an array of elements that is visible to the tracking device of the head-mounted device, and that is configured such that at any location and orientation of the head-mounted device with respect to the patient marker, the array of elements has an appearance that is unique to that location and orientation. In this manner, the computer processor is able to determine the location and orientation of the head-mounted device with respect to the portion of the patient's body without requiring the use of triangulation techniques. Typically, a single camera is used in the tracking device of the head-mounted device. For some applications, the camera is a high-speed camera. For example, the camera may acquire more than 50 frames per second.
Typically, in order to generate the augmented reality image upon the head-mounted display, a computer processor determines the location and orientation of the head-mounted device with respect to a portion of the patient's body (e.g., the patient's back), and/or the position and orientation of the tool with respect to the portion of the patient's body. As described hereinabove, in general, the patient marker is configured to provide data that is sufficient for the computer processor to determine the location and orientation of the head-mounted device with respect to the portion of the patient's body using data collected from a single tracking device that is disposed on the head-mounted device. However, for some applications, at least under certain conditions, the computer processor is configured to incorporate tracking data that is received from at least one additional tracking device (i.e., a tracking device in addition to the tracking device that is included in the head-mounted device of the first healthcare professional), in order to generate the image upon the head-mounted display of the first healthcare professional.
For some such applications, the computer processor is configured to incorporate the additional data in cases in which the first tracking device that is included in the head-mounted device of the first healthcare professional loses its line of sight with the patient marker and/or the tool marker and/or portions thereof. For example, the computer processor may be configured to receive data from a tracking device of an additional head-mounted device that is configured to be worn by an additional healthcare professional who is present in the procedure (e.g., an accompanying surgeon or a nurse). Typically, the additional head-mounted device is generally similar to the first head-mounted device, and the tracking device of the additional head-mounted device is generally similar to that of the first head-mounted device. For some applications, when at least a portion of the patient marker and a portion of the tool (e.g., the tool marker) are both within the line of sight of the first tracking device, the computer processor generates an augmented reality image upon the head-mounted display, based upon data received from first tracking device and without using data received from the additional tracking device. When at least the portion of the patient marker and the portion of the tool are not both within the line of sight of the first tracking device, the computer processor generates an augmented reality image upon the first head-mounted display, at least partially based upon data received from the additional tracking device.
There is therefore provided, in accordance with some applications of the present invention, a method for use with a tool configured to be placed within a portion of a body of a patient, the method including:
In some applications, tracking the portion of the tool includes tracking a tool marker. In some applications, tracking at least the portion of the tool and the patient marker, from the second line of sight, using the second tracking device, includes tracking at least the portion of the tool and the patient marker from the second line of sight, using a second tracking device that is disposed in a stationary position. In some applications, tracking at least the portion of the tool and the patient marker using the first tracking device includes tracking at least the portion of the tool and the patient marker using a first camera, and tracking at least the portion of the tool and the patient marker using the second tracking device includes tracking at least the portion of the tool and the patient marker using a second camera.
In some applications, generating the virtual image of the tool and anatomy of the patient upon the first head-mounted display, at least partially based upon data received from the second tracking device includes:
In some applications, generating the virtual image of the tool and anatomy of the patient upon the first head-mounted display, at least partially based upon data received from the second tracking device includes:
In some applications, generating the virtual image of the tool and anatomy of the patient upon the first head-mounted display further includes overlaying the virtual image upon the patient's body, based upon a position of the patient's body with respect to the first head-mounted device as determined based upon data received from the first tracking device at a time when the portion of the patient marker was within the first line of sight.
In some applications, overlaying the virtual image upon the patient's body includes tracking movements of the head-mounted device between the time when the portion of the patient marker was within the first line of sight and the portion of the patient marker not being within the first line of sight, using an inertial-measurement unit disposed upon the first head-mounted device.
In some applications, generating the virtual image of the tool and anatomy of the patient upon the first head-mounted display, at least partially based upon data received from the second tracking device includes:
In some applications, generating the virtual image of the tool and anatomy of the patient upon the first head-mounted display further includes overlaying the virtual image upon the patient's body, based upon a position of the patient's body with respect to the first head-mounted device as determined based upon data received from the first tracking device at a time when the portion of the patient marker was within the first line of sight. In some applications, overlaying the virtual image upon the patient's body includes tracking movements of the head-mounted device between the time when the portion of the patient marker was within the first line of sight and the portion of the patient marker not being within the first line of sight, using an inertial-measurement unit disposed upon the first head-mounted device.
In some applications, tracking at least the portion of the tool and the patient marker, from the second line of sight, using the second tracking device, includes tracking at least the portion of the tool and the patient marker from the second line of sight, using a second tracking device that is disposed upon a second head-mounted device that is worn by a second person. In some applications, the second head-mounted device includes a second head-mounted display, the method further including generating a further augmented-reality image upon the second head-mounted display.
There is further provided, in accordance with some applications of the present invention, apparatus for use with a tool configured to be placed within a portion of a body of a patient, the apparatus including:
There is further provided, in accordance with some applications of the present invention, a method for use with a tool configured to be placed within a portion of a body of a patient, the method including:
In some applications, tracking the portion of the tool includes tracking a tool marker. In some applications, the second head-mounted device includes a second head-mounted display, the method further including generating a further augmented-reality image upon the second head-mounted display. In some applications, tracking at least the portion of the tool and the patient marker using the first tracking device includes tracking at least the portion of the tool and the patient marker using a first camera, and tracking at least the portion of the tool and the patient marker using the second tracking device includes tracking at least the portion of the tool and the patient marker using a second camera.
In some applications, generating the augmented reality image upon the first head-mounted display includes:
There is further provided, in accordance with some applications of the present invention, apparatus for use with a tool configured to be placed within a portion of a body of a patient, the apparatus including:
The present invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description of applications thereof, taken together with the drawings, in which:
Reference is now made to
For some applications, a first healthcare professional 26 (e.g., a surgeon performing the procedure) wears a first head-mounted device 28. Typically, the head-mounted device includes one or more head-mounted displays 30. For some applications, the head-mounted displays are generally similar to those described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,928,629 to Benishti, which is incorporated herein by reference. For example, the head-mounted displays may include a combiner that is controlled by a computer processor (e.g., computer processor 32 and/or computer processor 45 described hereinbelow), such as to display an augmented reality image to the healthcare professional. For some applications, the image is presented on head-mounted display 30 such that (a) a computer-generated image is projected onto a first portion 33 of the display by projector 31, and (b) the computer-generated image is aligned with an anatomical portion of a patient who is undergoing the procedure, with the anatomical portion of a patient being visible through a second portion 35 of the display. Typically, the computer-generated image includes a virtual image of the tool overlaid upon a virtual image of the patient's anatomy. For some applications, a portion of the tool that would not otherwise be visible to the healthcare professional (for example, by virtue of being hidden by the patient's anatomy) is included in the computer-generated image.
Although some misalignment of the image with the patient's body may be acceptable, for satisfactory presentation of the images the misalignment may typically not be more than about 2-3 mm. In order to account for such a limit on the misalignment of the patient's anatomy with the presented images, the position of the patient's body, or a portion thereof, with respect to the head-mounted device is typically tracked. In some cases, an image of a tool that is used to perform the procedure is incorporated into the image that is displayed on the head-mounted display. In order to incorporate an image of the tool into the image, in a manner in which the position of the tool with respect to the patient's anatomy is accurately reflected, the position of the tool or a portion thereof (e.g., the tool marker) is typically tracked. It is typically desirable to determine the location of the tool with respect to the patient's body such that errors in the determined location of the tool with respect to the patient's body are less than 2 mm.
Typically, head-mounted device 28 includes a tracking device 34 that is configured to facilitate determination of the location and orientation of head-mounted device 28 with respect to a portion of the patient's body (e.g., the patient's back) and/or with respect to tool 22, and/or the position and orientation of the tool with respect to the portion of the patient's body. For example, the tracking device may include an image-capturing device 36, such as a camera, that is configured to image a patient marker 38 and/or a tool marker 40. Typically, a single camera is used in the tracking device of the head-mounted device. For some applications, the camera is a high-speed camera. For example, the camera may acquire more than 50 frames per second.
For some applications, tracking device 34 includes a light source 42, which is mounted on the head-mounted device. The light source is typically configured to irradiate the patient marker and/or the tool marker, such that light reflects from the markers toward the camera. For some applications, image-capturing device 36 is a monochrome camera that includes a filter that is configured to only allow light to pass through that is of a similar wavelength to the light that is generated by the light source. For example, the light source may be an infrared light source (for example, a light source that generates light at a wavelength of between 700 nm and 1000 nm (e.g., between 700 nm and 800 nm)), and the camera may include a corresponding infrared filter. For some applications, an inertial-measurement unit 44 (e.g., an inertial-measurement unit configured to measure in 6 degrees-of-freedom) is disposed on the head-mounted device, as described in further detail hereinbelow. For some applications, the head-mounted device includes additional cameras 43, which are configured to capture images of scenes in the visible spectrum, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,928,629 to Benishti, which is incorporated herein by reference. For some applications, head-mounted device 28 includes additional components, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,928,629 to Benishti, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Typically, in order to generate an augmented reality image upon display 30, a computer processor determines the location and orientation of head-mounted device 28 with respect to a portion of the patient's body (e.g., the patient's back), and/or the position and orientation of the tool with respect to the patient's body. For example, a computer processor 45 that is integrated within the head-mounted device may perform the aforementioned functionalities. Alternatively or additionally, computer processor 32, which is disposed externally to the head-mounted device and is typically in wireless communication with the head-mounted device may be used to perform these functionalities. Computer processor 32 typically comprises a portion of a processing system 50 that is used with the head-mounted device in order to facilitate the image-guided surgery. For some applications, the processing system additionally includes an output device 52 (e.g., a display, such as a monitor) for outputting information to an operator of the system, and/or an input device 54 (such as a pointing device, a keyboard, a mouse, etc.) configured to allow the operator to input data into the system. In general, in the context of the present application, when a computer processor is described as performing certain steps, these steps may be performed by external computer processor 32, and/or computer processor 45 that is integrated within the head-mounted device.
For some applications, the patient marker and/or the tool marker includes reflective elements that are configured to reflect light that is generated by light source 42. For some such applications, the location and orientation of a portion of the subject's body (e.g., the subject's back) with respect to the head-mounted device is tracked, by directing light from light source 42 toward a region of interest in which the patient marker is disposed. Alternatively or additionally, the location and orientation of the tool with respect to the portion of the subject's body, is tracked by directing light from light source 42 toward a region of interest in which the patient marker and/or the tool marker is disposed. Typically, image-capturing device 36 is disposed upon the head-mounted device in close proximity to the light source, such that the image-capturing device is configured to capture light that is retro-reflected from the patient marker and/or the tool marker. As described hereinabove, for some applications, the image-capturing device is a monochrome camera that includes a filter that is configured to only allow light to pass through that is of a similar wavelength to the light that is generated by the light source. For such applications, the camera typically receives a grayscale image showing the reflective elements of the tool marker and/or the patient marker. Typically, the computer processor determines the location of a portion of the subject's body (e.g., the subject's back) with respect to the head-mounted device by analyzing the images acquired by the image-capturing device. Further typically, the computer processor determines the location and orientation of the tool with respect to the portion of the subject's body, by analyzing the images acquired by the image-capturing device.
It is noted that the above-described technique for tracking the patient marker and/or the tool marker is presented by way of example, and that for some applications, alternative techniques are used for tracking the patient marker and/or the tool marker. For example, the patient marker and/or the tool marker may include light-absorbing elements, and/or light-generating elements, and the image-capturing device may be configured to track the patient marker and/or the tool marker by detecting these elements. Alternatively or additionally, a different type of detector may be used for tracking the patient marker and/or the tool marker.
Typically, the patient marker is configured to provide data that is sufficient for the computer processor to determine the location and orientation of the head-mounted device with respect to the portion of the patient's body using data collected from a single tracking device that is disposed on the head-mounted display. For example, the patient marker may include an array of elements that is visible to the tracking device of the head-mounted device, and that is configured such that at any location and orientation of the head-mounted device with respect to the patient marker, the array of elements has an appearance that is unique to that location and orientation. In this manner, the computer processor is able to determine the location and orientation of the head-mounted device with respect to the portion of the patient's body without requiring the use of triangulation techniques.
As described in the above paragraph, in general, the patient marker is configured to provide data that is sufficient for the computer processor to determine the location and orientation of the head-mounted device with respect to the portion of the patient's body using data collected from a single tracking device that is disposed on the head-mounted display. However, for some applications, at least under certain circumstances, the computer processor is configured to incorporate tracking data that is received from an additional tracking device (i.e., an additional tracking device to first tracking device 34), in order to generate the image upon head-mounted display 30 of first head-mounted device 28 of first healthcare professional 26.
For some such applications, the computer processor is configured to incorporate the additional data in cases in which tracking device 34 loses its line of sight with the patient marker and/or the tool marker and/or portions thereof. An example of this is shown in
Alternatively or additionally, a tracking device 60, which is not mounted on a head-mounted device, is disposed in the operating room. Typically, tracking device 60 is disposed in a stationary position within the operating room. For example, tracking device 60 may be ceiling-mounted, wall-mounted, and/or disposed on a stand, such as a tripod. For some applications, tracking device 60 includes a light source 62 and an image-capturing device 64, which function in a generally similar manner to that described hereinabove with reference to light source 42 and image-capturing device 36.
Reference is now made to
Reference is now made to
For some such applications, the computer processor generates a virtual image upon head-mounted display 30 of first healthcare professional 26 that shows the virtual view of the second healthcare professional 26′ (i.e., the second healthcare professional's view of the virtual anatomy and the virtual tool), as determined based upon the data received from second tracking device 34′. For example, the overall view of the second healthcare professional (including both his/her view of the virtual anatomy and the virtual tool, as well as his/her view of the actual patient anatomy) may be displayed upon head-mounted display 30 of the first healthcare professional. Such an example is shown in
Reference is now made to
Reference is now made to
For some applications, generally similar techniques to those described in the above paragraph are performed, but with the additional tracking data that is used for generating an image on head-mounted display 30 being received from tracking device 60, as an alternative to, or in addition to, being received from tracking device 34′ of second head-mounted device 28′.
For some applications, in response to detecting that tracking device 34 has lost its line of sight of the tool marker, such that the location and/or orientation of the tool with respect to the patient cannot be determined to a given level of accuracy, the computer processor determines the location of the tool relative to the patient, using data received from tracking device 34′ and/or tracking device 60. Typically, a virtual image, which includes the virtual patient anatomy and the virtual tool shown at its current location, is displayed on head-mounted display 30′ of head-mounted device 28, with the current location of the tool with respect to the patient having been determined based upon the data received from tracking device 34′ and/or tracking device 60.
For some applications, the computer processor is configured to incorporate tracking data that is received from an additional tracking device (i.e., a tracking device in addition to tracking device 34) in order to generate an image upon head-mounted display 30 of first head-mounted device 28, even when the patient marker and the tool marker are within the line of sight of tracking device 34. For some applications, the computer processor determines the location of the tool with respect to the patient, using a combination of data received from tracking device 34′ and data received from tracking device 34, and/or using a combination of data received from tracking device 60 and data received from tracking device 34. For example, the computer processor may determine an average (e.g., a mean) current location of the tool with respect to the patient, using the aforementioned combinations of received data, and the computer processor may the generate an image of a virtual tool on virtual anatomy upon head-mounted display 30, in which the tool is positioned at the determined current position.
For some applications, even if a portion of the tracking elements on the patient marker become obscured such that they are not within the line of sight of tracking device 34, the computer processor continue to track the location of the head-mounted device with respect to the patient by tracking the marker using a tracking algorithm (e.g., using a Kalman filter). Typically, in such cases, at least while the patient marker is partially obscured, the computer processor does not continue to actively identify the marker. Rather, the computer processor continues to track the already-identified marker using the aforementioned tracking algorithm. For some applications, if the patient marker becomes obscured (e.g., partially obscured or fully obscured) such that at least a portion of the patient marker is not within the line of sight of tracking device 34, the computer processor continues to determine the location of the patient relative to the head-mounted device, using inertial measurement unit 44, in combination with the last location of the patient marker as determined using data from tracking device 34.
Applications of the invention described herein can take the form of a computer program product accessible from a computer-usable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) providing program code for use by or in connection with a computer or any instruction execution system, such as computer processor 32 and/or 45. For the purpose of this description, a computer-usable or computer readable medium can be any apparatus that can comprise, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The medium can be an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system (or apparatus or device) or a propagation medium. Typically, the computer-usable or computer readable medium is a non-transitory computer-usable or computer readable medium.
Examples of a computer-readable medium include a semiconductor or solid-state memory, magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a random-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a rigid magnetic disk and an optical disk. Current examples of optical disks include compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), compact disk-read/write (CD-R/W) and DVD.
A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing program code will include at least one processor (e.g., computer processor 32 and/or 45) coupled directly or indirectly to memory elements through a system bus. The memory elements can include local memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulk storage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at least some program code in order to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulk storage during execution. The system can read the inventive instructions on the program storage devices and follow these instructions to execute the methodology of the embodiments of the invention.
Network adapters may be coupled to the processor to enable the processor to become coupled to other processors or remote printers or storage devices through intervening private or public networks. Modems, cable modem and Ethernet cards are just a few of the currently available types of network adapters.
Computer program code for carrying out operations of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object-oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the C programming language or similar programming languages.
It will be understood that the algorithms described herein, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer (e.g., computer processor 32 and/or 45) or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the algorithms described in the present application. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function/act specified in the algorithms. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the algorithms described in the present application.
Computer processor 32 and/or computer processor 45 is typically a hardware device programmed with computer program instructions to produce a special purpose computer. For example, when programmed to perform the algorithms described with reference to the figures, computer processor 32 and/or 45 typically acts as a special purpose image-generating computer processor. Typically, the operations described herein that are performed by computer processor 32 and/or 45 transform the physical state of a memory, which is a real physical article, to have a different magnetic polarity, electrical charge, or the like depending on the technology of the memory that is used. For some applications, operations that are described as being performed by a computer processor are performed by a plurality of computer processors in combination with each other.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to what has been particularly shown and described hereinabove. Rather, the scope of the present invention includes both combinations and subcombinations of the various features described hereinabove, as well as variations and modifications thereof that are not in the prior art, which would occur to persons skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4459358 | Berke | Jul 1984 | A |
| 4863238 | Brewster | Sep 1989 | A |
| 5441042 | Putman | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5442146 | Bell | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5510832 | Garcia | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5771121 | Hentschke | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5792046 | Dobrovolny | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5841507 | Barnes et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 6006126 | Cosman | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6125164 | Murphy | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6227667 | Halldorsson | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6256529 | Holupka et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6314310 | Ben-Haim et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6444192 | Mattrey | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6449090 | Omar | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6549645 | Oikawa | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6609022 | Vilsmeier et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6610009 | Person | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6675040 | Cosman | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6737425 | Yamamoto | May 2004 | B1 |
| 6740882 | Weinberg | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6757068 | Foxlin | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6759200 | Stanton | Jul 2004 | B1 |
| 6856324 | Sauer | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6856826 | Seeley et al. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6891518 | Sauer et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6919867 | Sauer | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6921167 | Nagata | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6966668 | Cugini | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6980849 | Sasso | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6993374 | Sasso | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 6997552 | Hung | Feb 2006 | B1 |
| 7043961 | Pandey et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7103233 | Stearns | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7107091 | Jutras et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7112656 | Desnoyers | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7141812 | Appleby | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7157459 | Ohta | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7169785 | Timmer | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7171255 | Holupka et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7187792 | Fu | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7194295 | Vilsmeier | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7229078 | Lechot | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7231076 | Fu | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7259266 | Carter | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7260426 | Schweikard | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7281826 | Huang | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7320556 | Vagn-Erik | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7330578 | Wang | Feb 2008 | B2 |
| 7359535 | Salla | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7364314 | Nilsen et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7379077 | Bani-Hashemi | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7431453 | Hogan | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7435219 | Kim | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7458977 | McGinley | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7462852 | Appleby | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7493153 | Ahmed et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 7505617 | Fu | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7507968 | Wollenweber | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7518136 | Appleby | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| D592691 | Chang | May 2009 | S |
| D592692 | Chang | May 2009 | S |
| D592693 | Chang | May 2009 | S |
| 7542791 | Mire | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7556428 | Sukovic et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7567834 | Clayton | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| D602620 | Cristoforo | Oct 2009 | S |
| 7605826 | Sauer | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7607775 | Hermanson | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7620223 | Xu | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7630753 | Simon et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7633501 | Wood | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7645050 | Wilt | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7689019 | Boese | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7689042 | Brunner | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7689320 | Prisco | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7699486 | Beiner | Apr 2010 | B1 |
| 7699793 | Gotte | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7719769 | Sugihara et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
| D617825 | Chang | Jun 2010 | S |
| D619285 | Cristoforo | Jul 2010 | S |
| 7758204 | Klipstein | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7768702 | Hirose et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7769236 | Fiala | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7774044 | Sauer et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| D628307 | Krause-Bonte | Nov 2010 | S |
| 7831096 | Williamson | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7835778 | Foley | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7835784 | Mire et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7837987 | Shi | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7840256 | Lakin et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7853305 | Simon | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7854705 | Pawluczyk | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7857271 | Lees | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7860282 | Boese | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| D630766 | Harbin | Jan 2011 | S |
| 7865269 | Prisco | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7874686 | Rossner et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7881770 | Melkent et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7893413 | Appleby | Feb 2011 | B1 |
| 7894649 | Fu | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7938553 | Beiner | May 2011 | B1 |
| 7945310 | Gattani | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7953471 | Clayton | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7974677 | Mire | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7985756 | Barlow | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7991557 | Liew | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 7993353 | Robner et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8022984 | Cheong | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8045266 | Nakamura | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8060181 | Ponce | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8068896 | Daghighian | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8077943 | Wiliams | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8085075 | Huffman | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8085897 | Morton | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8090175 | Fu | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8092400 | Warkentine | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8108072 | Zhao | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8112292 | Simon | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8120847 | Chang | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8155479 | Hoffman | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8180429 | Sasso | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8208599 | Ye | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8221402 | Francischelli | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8253778 | Takahashi | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8271069 | Jascob et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8285021 | Boese | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8305685 | Heine | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8306305 | Porat et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8309932 | Haselman | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8317320 | Huang | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8335553 | Rubner | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8369925 | Giesel | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8386022 | Jutras et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8394144 | Zehavi | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 8444266 | Waters | May 2013 | B2 |
| 8467851 | Mire et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8469902 | Dick | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8531394 | Maltz | Sep 2013 | B2 |
| 8540364 | Waters | Sep 2013 | B2 |
| 8545012 | Waters | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8556883 | Saleh | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8559596 | Thomson | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8567945 | Waters | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8600477 | Beyar | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8634897 | Simon | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8674902 | Park | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8690776 | Razzaque et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8692845 | Fedorovskaya et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8693632 | Allison | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8694075 | Groszmann | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8699765 | Hao | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8705829 | Frank | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8746887 | Shestak | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8786689 | Liu | Jul 2014 | B1 |
| 8831706 | Fu | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8836768 | Rafii et al. | Sep 2014 | B1 |
| 8848977 | Bammer et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8855395 | Baturin | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8878900 | Yang et al. | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8890772 | Woo | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8890773 | Pederson | Nov 2014 | B1 |
| 8890943 | Lee | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8897514 | Feikas | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8903150 | Star-Lack | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8917268 | Johnsen | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8920776 | Gaiger | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8942455 | Chou | Jan 2015 | B2 |
| 8950877 | Northey et al. | Feb 2015 | B2 |
| 8969829 | Wollenweber | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 8989349 | Thomson | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 8992580 | Bar | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 8994795 | Oh | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 9004711 | Gerolemou | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9057759 | Klingenbeck | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9066751 | Sasso | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9081436 | Berme | Jul 2015 | B1 |
| 9085643 | Svanborg | Jul 2015 | B2 |
| 9100643 | McDowall | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9111175 | Strommer | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9125556 | Zehavi | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9129372 | Kriston | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9149317 | Arthur et al. | Oct 2015 | B2 |
| 9179984 | Teichman et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
| D746354 | Chang | Dec 2015 | S |
| 9208916 | Appleby | Dec 2015 | B2 |
| 9220573 | Kendrick et al. | Dec 2015 | B2 |
| 9235934 | Mandella | Jan 2016 | B2 |
| 9247240 | Park | Jan 2016 | B2 |
| 9265572 | Fuchs et al. | Feb 2016 | B2 |
| 9269192 | Kobayashi | Feb 2016 | B2 |
| 9283052 | Ponce | Mar 2016 | B2 |
| 9320474 | Demri | Apr 2016 | B2 |
| 9323055 | Baillot | Apr 2016 | B2 |
| 9330477 | Rappel | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9335567 | Nakamura | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9341704 | Picard | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9344686 | Moharir | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9349066 | Koo | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9349520 | Demetriou | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9378558 | Kajiwara et al. | Jun 2016 | B2 |
| 9380287 | Nistico | Jun 2016 | B2 |
| 9387008 | Sarvestani | Jul 2016 | B2 |
| 9395542 | Tilleman et al. | Jul 2016 | B2 |
| 9414041 | Ko | Aug 2016 | B2 |
| 9424611 | Kanjirathinkal et al. | Aug 2016 | B2 |
| 9424641 | Wiemker | Aug 2016 | B2 |
| 9438894 | Park | Sep 2016 | B2 |
| 9443488 | Borenstein | Sep 2016 | B2 |
| 9456878 | Macfarlane et al. | Oct 2016 | B2 |
| 9465235 | Chang | Oct 2016 | B2 |
| 9468373 | Larsen | Oct 2016 | B2 |
| 9470908 | Frankel | Oct 2016 | B1 |
| 9473766 | Douglas | Oct 2016 | B2 |
| 9495585 | Bicer et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9498231 | Haider et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9513495 | Waters | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9521966 | Schwartz | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9526443 | Berme | Dec 2016 | B1 |
| 9532846 | Nakamura | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9532849 | Anderson et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9538962 | Hannaford et al. | Jan 2017 | B1 |
| 9545233 | Sirpad | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9546779 | Rementer | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9561095 | Nguyen | Feb 2017 | B1 |
| 9565415 | Zhang et al. | Feb 2017 | B2 |
| 9572661 | Robin | Feb 2017 | B2 |
| 9629595 | Walker | Apr 2017 | B2 |
| 9633431 | Merlet | Apr 2017 | B2 |
| 9672597 | Amiot | Jun 2017 | B2 |
| 9672640 | Kleiner | Jun 2017 | B2 |
| 9675306 | Morton | Jun 2017 | B2 |
| 9675319 | Razzaque | Jun 2017 | B1 |
| RE46463 | Feinbloom | Jul 2017 | E |
| 9710968 | Dillavou et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9713502 | Finkman | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9724119 | Hissong | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9724165 | Arata et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9726888 | Giartisio | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9728006 | Varga | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9729831 | Birnkrant | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9757034 | Desjardins | Sep 2017 | B2 |
| 9757087 | Simon | Sep 2017 | B2 |
| 9766441 | Rappel | Sep 2017 | B2 |
| 9767608 | Lee et al. | Sep 2017 | B2 |
| 9770203 | Berme | Sep 2017 | B1 |
| 9772102 | Ferguson | Sep 2017 | B1 |
| 9772495 | Tam | Sep 2017 | B2 |
| 9791138 | Feinbloom | Oct 2017 | B1 |
| 9800995 | Libin | Oct 2017 | B2 |
| 9805504 | Zhang | Oct 2017 | B2 |
| 9808148 | Miller | Nov 2017 | B2 |
| 9844413 | Daon et al. | Dec 2017 | B2 |
| 9851080 | Wilt | Dec 2017 | B2 |
| 9861446 | Lang | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 9864214 | Fass | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 9872733 | Shoham et al. | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 9877642 | Duret | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 9885465 | Nguyen | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 9886552 | Dillavou et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 9892564 | Cvetko et al. | Feb 2018 | B1 |
| 9898866 | Fuchs et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 9901414 | Lively | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 9911187 | Steinle | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 9927611 | Rudy | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 9928629 | Benishti et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 9940750 | Dillavou et al. | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 9943374 | Merritt et al. | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 9947110 | Haimerl | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 9956054 | Aguirre-Valencia | May 2018 | B2 |
| 9959629 | Dillavou et al. | May 2018 | B2 |
| 9968297 | Connor | May 2018 | B2 |
| 9980780 | Lang | May 2018 | B2 |
| 9986228 | Woods | May 2018 | B2 |
| 10010379 | Gibby et al. | Jul 2018 | B1 |
| 10013531 | Richards | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10016243 | Esterberg | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10022065 | Yishai et al. | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10022104 | Sell et al. | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10023615 | Bonny | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10026015 | Cavusoglu | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10034713 | Yang et al. | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10046165 | Frewin | Aug 2018 | B2 |
| 10066816 | Chang | Sep 2018 | B2 |
| 10073515 | Awdeh | Sep 2018 | B2 |
| 10080616 | Wilkinson et al. | Sep 2018 | B2 |
| 10082680 | Chang | Sep 2018 | B2 |
| 10085709 | Lavallee et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10107483 | Oren | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10108833 | Hong et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10123840 | Dorman | Nov 2018 | B2 |
| 10132483 | Feinbloom | Nov 2018 | B1 |
| 10134166 | Benishti et al. | Nov 2018 | B2 |
| 10134194 | Kepner | Nov 2018 | B2 |
| 10139652 | Windham | Nov 2018 | B2 |
| 10139920 | Isaacs | Nov 2018 | B2 |
| 10142496 | Rao | Nov 2018 | B1 |
| 10151928 | Ushakov | Dec 2018 | B2 |
| 10154239 | Casas | Dec 2018 | B2 |
| 10159530 | Lang | Dec 2018 | B2 |
| 10166079 | McLachlin et al. | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10175507 | Nakamura | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10175753 | Boesen | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10181361 | Dillavou et al. | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10186055 | Takahashi | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10194131 | Casas | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10194990 | Amanatullah et al. | Feb 2019 | B2 |
| 10194993 | Roger et al. | Feb 2019 | B2 |
| 10195076 | Fateh | Feb 2019 | B2 |
| 10197803 | Badiali et al. | Feb 2019 | B2 |
| 10197816 | Waisman | Feb 2019 | B2 |
| 10207315 | Appleby | Feb 2019 | B2 |
| 10230719 | Vaugn | Mar 2019 | B2 |
| 10231893 | Lei | Mar 2019 | B2 |
| 10235606 | Miao | Mar 2019 | B2 |
| 10240769 | Braganca | Mar 2019 | B1 |
| 10247965 | Ton | Apr 2019 | B2 |
| 10251724 | McLachlin et al. | Apr 2019 | B2 |
| 10278777 | Lang | May 2019 | B1 |
| 10292768 | Lang | May 2019 | B2 |
| 10296805 | Yang et al. | May 2019 | B2 |
| 10326975 | Casas | Jun 2019 | B2 |
| 10352543 | Braganca | Jul 2019 | B1 |
| 10357146 | Fiebel | Jul 2019 | B2 |
| 10357574 | Hilderbrand | Jul 2019 | B2 |
| 10366489 | Boettger et al. | Jul 2019 | B2 |
| 10368947 | Lang | Aug 2019 | B2 |
| 10368948 | Tripathi | Aug 2019 | B2 |
| 10386645 | Shousha | Aug 2019 | B2 |
| 10405927 | Lang | Sep 2019 | B1 |
| 10419655 | Sivan | Sep 2019 | B2 |
| 10420626 | Tokuda et al. | Sep 2019 | B2 |
| 10420813 | Newell-Rogers | Sep 2019 | B2 |
| 10424115 | Ellerbrock | Sep 2019 | B2 |
| 10431008 | Djajadiningrat | Oct 2019 | B2 |
| 10433814 | Razzaque | Oct 2019 | B2 |
| 10434335 | Takahashi | Oct 2019 | B2 |
| 10448003 | Grafenberg | Oct 2019 | B2 |
| 10449040 | Lashinski | Oct 2019 | B2 |
| 10453187 | Peterson | Oct 2019 | B2 |
| 10463434 | Siegler et al. | Nov 2019 | B2 |
| 10465892 | Feinbloom | Nov 2019 | B1 |
| 10470732 | Baumgart | Nov 2019 | B2 |
| 10473314 | Braganca | Nov 2019 | B1 |
| 10485989 | Jordan | Nov 2019 | B2 |
| 10488663 | Choi | Nov 2019 | B2 |
| 10499997 | Weinstein et al. | Dec 2019 | B2 |
| 10504231 | Fiala | Dec 2019 | B2 |
| 10507066 | DiMaio | Dec 2019 | B2 |
| 10511822 | Casas | Dec 2019 | B2 |
| 10517544 | Taguchi | Dec 2019 | B2 |
| 10537395 | Perez | Jan 2020 | B2 |
| 10540780 | Cousins | Jan 2020 | B1 |
| 10543485 | Ismagilov | Jan 2020 | B2 |
| 10546423 | Jones et al. | Jan 2020 | B2 |
| 10548557 | Lim | Feb 2020 | B2 |
| 10555775 | Hoffman | Feb 2020 | B2 |
| 10571716 | Chapiro | Feb 2020 | B2 |
| 10573087 | Gallop | Feb 2020 | B2 |
| 10602114 | Casas | Feb 2020 | B2 |
| 10577630 | Zhang | Mar 2020 | B2 |
| 10586400 | Douglas | Mar 2020 | B2 |
| 10592748 | Cousins | Mar 2020 | B1 |
| 10595716 | Nazareth | Mar 2020 | B2 |
| 10601950 | Devam et al. | Mar 2020 | B2 |
| 10603113 | Lang | Mar 2020 | B2 |
| 10603133 | Wang et al. | Mar 2020 | B2 |
| 10606085 | Toyama | Mar 2020 | B2 |
| 10594998 | Casas | Apr 2020 | B1 |
| 10610172 | Hummel et al. | Apr 2020 | B2 |
| 10610179 | Altmann | Apr 2020 | B2 |
| 10613352 | Knoll | Apr 2020 | B2 |
| 10617566 | Esmonde | Apr 2020 | B2 |
| 10620460 | Carabin | Apr 2020 | B2 |
| 10625099 | Takahashi | Apr 2020 | B2 |
| 10626473 | Mariani | Apr 2020 | B2 |
| 10631907 | Zucker | Apr 2020 | B2 |
| 10634331 | Feinbloom | Apr 2020 | B1 |
| 10638080 | Ovchinnikov | Apr 2020 | B2 |
| 10646285 | Siemionow et al. | May 2020 | B2 |
| 10650594 | Jones | May 2020 | B2 |
| 10652525 | Woods | May 2020 | B2 |
| 10660715 | Dozeman | May 2020 | B2 |
| 10663738 | Carlvik | May 2020 | B2 |
| 10682112 | Pizaine | Jun 2020 | B2 |
| 10682767 | Grafenberg et al. | Jun 2020 | B2 |
| 10687901 | Thomas | Jun 2020 | B2 |
| 10691397 | Clements | Jun 2020 | B1 |
| 10702713 | Mori | Jul 2020 | B2 |
| 10709398 | Schweizer | Jul 2020 | B2 |
| 10713801 | Jordan | Jul 2020 | B2 |
| 10716643 | Justin et al. | Jul 2020 | B2 |
| 10722733 | Takahashi | Jul 2020 | B2 |
| 10725535 | Yu | Jul 2020 | B2 |
| 10731832 | Koo | Aug 2020 | B2 |
| 10732721 | Clements | Aug 2020 | B1 |
| 10742949 | Casas | Aug 2020 | B2 |
| 10743939 | Lang | Aug 2020 | B1 |
| 10747315 | Tungare | Aug 2020 | B2 |
| 10777094 | Rao | Sep 2020 | B1 |
| 10777315 | Zehavi | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10781482 | Gubatayao | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10792110 | Leung et al. | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10799296 | Lang | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10799316 | Sela et al. | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10810799 | Tepper et al. | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10818019 | Piat | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10818101 | Gallop et al. | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10818199 | Buras et al. | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10825563 | Gibby et al. | Nov 2020 | B2 |
| 10831943 | Santarone | Nov 2020 | B2 |
| 10835296 | Elimelech et al. | Nov 2020 | B2 |
| 10838206 | Fortin-Deschenes et al. | Nov 2020 | B2 |
| 10839629 | Jones | Nov 2020 | B2 |
| 10839956 | Beydoun et al. | Nov 2020 | B2 |
| 10841556 | Casas | Nov 2020 | B2 |
| 10842002 | Chang | Nov 2020 | B2 |
| 10842461 | Johnson et al. | Nov 2020 | B2 |
| 10849691 | Zucker | Dec 2020 | B2 |
| 10849693 | Lang | Dec 2020 | B2 |
| 10849710 | Liu | Dec 2020 | B2 |
| 10861236 | Geri et al. | Dec 2020 | B2 |
| 10865220 | Ebetino | Dec 2020 | B2 |
| 10869517 | Halpern | Dec 2020 | B1 |
| 10872472 | Watola | Dec 2020 | B2 |
| 10877262 | Luxembourg | Dec 2020 | B1 |
| 10877296 | Lindsey | Dec 2020 | B2 |
| 10878639 | Douglas | Dec 2020 | B2 |
| 10893260 | Trail et al. | Jan 2021 | B2 |
| 10895742 | Schneider | Jan 2021 | B2 |
| 10895743 | Dausmann | Jan 2021 | B2 |
| 10898151 | Harding et al. | Jan 2021 | B2 |
| 10921595 | Rakshit | Feb 2021 | B2 |
| 10928321 | Rawle | Feb 2021 | B2 |
| 10928638 | Ninan | Feb 2021 | B2 |
| 10935815 | Castaneda | Mar 2021 | B1 |
| 10935816 | Ban | Mar 2021 | B2 |
| 10936537 | Huston | Mar 2021 | B2 |
| 10939973 | DiMaio | Mar 2021 | B2 |
| 10939977 | Messinger et al. | Mar 2021 | B2 |
| 10941933 | Ferguson | Mar 2021 | B2 |
| 10946108 | Zhang | Mar 2021 | B2 |
| 10950338 | Douglas | Mar 2021 | B2 |
| 10951872 | Casas | Mar 2021 | B2 |
| 10964095 | Douglas | Mar 2021 | B1 |
| 10964124 | Douglas | Mar 2021 | B1 |
| 11000335 | Dorman | May 2021 | B2 |
| 11006093 | Hegyi | May 2021 | B1 |
| 11013560 | Lang | May 2021 | B2 |
| 11013562 | Marti | May 2021 | B2 |
| 11013573 | Chang | May 2021 | B2 |
| 11013900 | Malek | May 2021 | B2 |
| 11019988 | Fiebel | Jun 2021 | B2 |
| 11027027 | Manning | Jun 2021 | B2 |
| 11029147 | Abovitz et al. | Jun 2021 | B2 |
| 11030809 | Wang | Jun 2021 | B2 |
| 11041173 | Zhang | Jun 2021 | B2 |
| 11045663 | Mori | Jun 2021 | B2 |
| 11049293 | Chae | Jun 2021 | B2 |
| 11050990 | Casas | Jun 2021 | B2 |
| 11057505 | Dharmatilleke | Jul 2021 | B2 |
| 11058390 | Douglas | Jul 2021 | B1 |
| 11061257 | Hakim | Jul 2021 | B1 |
| 11065062 | Frushour | Jul 2021 | B2 |
| 11067387 | Marell | Jul 2021 | B2 |
| 11071497 | Hallack | Jul 2021 | B2 |
| 11087039 | Duff | Aug 2021 | B2 |
| 11090019 | Siemionow et al. | Aug 2021 | B2 |
| 11097129 | Sakata | Aug 2021 | B2 |
| 11099376 | Steier | Aug 2021 | B1 |
| 11103320 | LeBoeuf | Aug 2021 | B2 |
| 11109762 | Steier | Sep 2021 | B1 |
| 11122164 | Gigante | Sep 2021 | B2 |
| 11123604 | Fung | Sep 2021 | B2 |
| 11135015 | Crawford | Oct 2021 | B2 |
| 11135016 | Frielinghaus et al. | Oct 2021 | B2 |
| 11141221 | Hobeika | Oct 2021 | B2 |
| 11153549 | Casas | Oct 2021 | B2 |
| 11153555 | Healy et al. | Nov 2021 | B1 |
| 11163176 | Karafin | Nov 2021 | B2 |
| 11164324 | Liu | Nov 2021 | B2 |
| 11166006 | Hegyi | Nov 2021 | B2 |
| 11172990 | Lang | Nov 2021 | B2 |
| 11179136 | Kohli | Nov 2021 | B2 |
| 11180557 | Noelle | Nov 2021 | B2 |
| 11185891 | Cousins | Nov 2021 | B2 |
| 11202682 | Staunton | Dec 2021 | B2 |
| 11207150 | Healy | Dec 2021 | B2 |
| 11217028 | Jones | Jan 2022 | B2 |
| 11224763 | Takahashi | Jan 2022 | B2 |
| 11227417 | Berlinger | Jan 2022 | B2 |
| 11253323 | Hughes et al. | Feb 2022 | B2 |
| 11257190 | Mao | Feb 2022 | B2 |
| 11263772 | Siemionow et al. | Mar 2022 | B2 |
| 11272151 | Casas | Mar 2022 | B2 |
| 11278359 | Siemionow et al. | Mar 2022 | B2 |
| 11278413 | Lang | Mar 2022 | B1 |
| 11280480 | Wilt | Mar 2022 | B2 |
| 11284846 | Graumann | Mar 2022 | B2 |
| 11311341 | Lang | Mar 2022 | B2 |
| 11291521 | Im | Apr 2022 | B2 |
| 11294167 | Ishimoda | Apr 2022 | B2 |
| 11297285 | Pierce | Apr 2022 | B2 |
| 11300252 | Nguyen | Apr 2022 | B2 |
| 11307402 | Steier | Apr 2022 | B2 |
| 11317973 | Calloway | May 2022 | B2 |
| 11348257 | Lang | May 2022 | B2 |
| 11350072 | Casas | May 2022 | B1 |
| 11351006 | Aferzon | Jun 2022 | B2 |
| 11360315 | Tu | Jun 2022 | B2 |
| 11382699 | Wassall | Jul 2022 | B2 |
| 11382700 | Calloway | Jul 2022 | B2 |
| 11382712 | Elimelech et al. | Jul 2022 | B2 |
| 11382713 | Healy | Jul 2022 | B2 |
| 11389252 | Gera et al. | Jul 2022 | B2 |
| 11432828 | Lang | Sep 2022 | B1 |
| 11432931 | Lang | Sep 2022 | B2 |
| 11452568 | Lang | Sep 2022 | B2 |
| 11460915 | Frielinghaus | Oct 2022 | B2 |
| 11461983 | Jones | Oct 2022 | B2 |
| 11464581 | Calloway | Oct 2022 | B2 |
| 11483532 | Casas | Oct 2022 | B2 |
| 20020082498 | Wendt et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20030117393 | Sauer et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030130576 | Seeley | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030156144 | Morita | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030210812 | Khamene et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030225329 | Rossner et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040030237 | Lee et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040138556 | Cosman | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20050017972 | Poole | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050024586 | Teiwes et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050119639 | McCombs et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050203367 | Ahmed | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050215879 | Chuanggui | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20060134198 | Tawa | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060176242 | Jaramaz et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20070018975 | Chaunggui et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20080007645 | Mccutchen | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080085033 | Haven et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080159612 | Fu | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080183065 | Goldbach | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080221625 | Hufner et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080262812 | Arata et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20090018437 | Cooke | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090036902 | Dimaio et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090227847 | Tepper et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090300540 | Russell | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20100114110 | Taft et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100149073 | Chaum et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100210939 | Hartmann et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20110004259 | Stallings et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110098553 | Robbins et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110105895 | Kornblau et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110216060 | Weising et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110245625 | Trovato et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110254922 | Schaerer et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20120014608 | Watanabe | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120068913 | Bar-zeev et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120078236 | Schoepp | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120109151 | Maier-hein et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120143050 | Heigl | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120155064 | Waters | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120182605 | Hall et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120216411 | Wevers et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120289777 | Chopra et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120306850 | Balan et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120320100 | Machida et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130002928 | Imai | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130009853 | Hesselink et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130050258 | Liu et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130050833 | Lewis et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130057581 | Meier | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130083009 | Geisner et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130106833 | Fun | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130135734 | Shafer et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130190602 | Liao | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130209953 | Arlinsky et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130234914 | Fujimaki | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130234935 | Griffith | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130237811 | Mihailescu et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130249787 | Morimoto | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130249945 | Kobayashi | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130265623 | Sugiyama et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130267838 | Fronk et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130278635 | Maggiore | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130300760 | Sugano et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130342571 | Kinnebrew et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20140031668 | Mobasser et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140049629 | Siewerdsen | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140088402 | Xu | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140088990 | Nawana et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140104505 | Koenig | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140114173 | Bar-Tal et al. | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140142426 | Razzaque et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140168261 | Margolis et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140176661 | Smurro et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140177023 | Gao et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140189508 | Granchi et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140198129 | Liu et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140240484 | Kodama et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140243614 | Rothberg et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140256429 | Kobayashi et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140266983 | Christensen | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140268356 | Bolas et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140270505 | Mccarthy | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140275760 | Lee et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140285404 | Takano et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140285429 | Simmons | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140300632 | Laor | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140300967 | Tilleman et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140303491 | Shekhar et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140320399 | Kim et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140333899 | Smithwick | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| 20140336461 | Reiter | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| 20140340286 | Machida et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| 20140361956 | Mikhailov et al. | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20150005772 | Anglin et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150018672 | Blumhofer et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150070347 | Hofmann et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150084990 | Labor | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150150641 | Daon et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150182293 | Yang et al. | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150209119 | Theodore et al. | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150287188 | Gazit | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150287236 | Winn | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150297314 | Fowler et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150305828 | Park et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150310668 | Ellerbrock | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150351863 | Plassky et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150366620 | Cameron et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20160103318 | Du et al. | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160125603 | Tanji | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160143699 | Tanji | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160153004 | Zhang | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160175064 | Stenile et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160178910 | Gudicell et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160191887 | Casas | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160223822 | Harrison et al. | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160256223 | Haimer et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160302870 | Wilkinson et al. | Oct 2016 | A1 |
| 20160324580 | Esterberg | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160324583 | Kheradpr et al. | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160339337 | Ellsworth et al. | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20170027650 | Merck et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170068119 | Antaki | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170076501 | Jagga et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170086941 | Marti et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170112586 | Dhupar | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170014119 | Capote et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170164919 | LaVallee et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170164920 | Lavallee et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170178375 | Benishti | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170220224 | Kodali | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170239015 | Sela et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170251900 | Hansen et al. | Sep 2017 | A1 |
| 20170252109 | Yang et al. | Sep 2017 | A1 |
| 20170258526 | Lang | Sep 2017 | A1 |
| 20170281283 | Siegler et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170312032 | Amanatullah et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170348055 | Salcedo et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20170348061 | Joshi et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20170367766 | Mahfouz | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20170367771 | Tako et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20170372477 | Penne | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20180003981 | Urey | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20180018791 | Guoyi | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20180028266 | Barnes et al. | Feb 2018 | A1 |
| 20180036884 | Chen et al. | Feb 2018 | A1 |
| 20180049622 | Ryan et al. | Feb 2018 | A1 |
| 20180055579 | Daon et al. | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180078316 | Schaewe et al. | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180082480 | White et al. | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180092698 | Chopra et al. | Apr 2018 | A1 |
| 20180092699 | Finley | Apr 2018 | A1 |
| 20180116732 | Lin et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180117150 | O'Dwyer | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180133871 | Farmer | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180153626 | Yang et al. | Jun 2018 | A1 |
| 20180185100 | Weinstein et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180193097 | McLachlin et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180200002 | Kostrzewski et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180247128 | Alvi et al. | Aug 2018 | A1 |
| 20180262743 | Casas | Sep 2018 | A1 |
| 20180311011 | Van Beek et al. | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20180317803 | Ben-Yishai et al. | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20180318035 | McLachlin et al. | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20190000372 | Gullotti et al. | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20190015163 | Abhari et al. | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20190038362 | Nash | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190038365 | Soper | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190043238 | Benishti et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190046272 | Zoabi et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190046276 | Inglese | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190053851 | Siemionow et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190069971 | Tripathi et al. | Mar 2019 | A1 |
| 20190080515 | Geri | Mar 2019 | A1 |
| 20190105116 | Johnson et al. | Apr 2019 | A1 |
| 20190130792 | Rios | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190142519 | Siemionow et al. | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190144443 | Jackson | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190175228 | Elimelech et al. | Jun 2019 | A1 |
| 20190192230 | Siemionow et al. | Jun 2019 | A1 |
| 20190201106 | Siemionow et al. | Jul 2019 | A1 |
| 20190216537 | Eltorai | Jul 2019 | A1 |
| 20190254753 | Johnson | Aug 2019 | A1 |
| 20190273916 | Benishti et al. | Sep 2019 | A1 |
| 20190333480 | Lang | Oct 2019 | A1 |
| 20190369717 | Frielinghaus | Dec 2019 | A1 |
| 20190387351 | Lyren | Dec 2019 | A1 |
| 20200019364 | Pond | Jan 2020 | A1 |
| 20200020249 | Jarc et al. | Jan 2020 | A1 |
| 20200038112 | Amanatullah | Feb 2020 | A1 |
| 20200078100 | Weinstein et al. | Mar 2020 | A1 |
| 20200085511 | Oezbek et al. | Mar 2020 | A1 |
| 20200088997 | Lee | Mar 2020 | A1 |
| 20200159313 | Gibby et al. | Mar 2020 | A1 |
| 20200100847 | Siegler et al. | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200117025 | Sauer | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200129058 | Li | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200129136 | Harding et al. | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200129262 | Verard | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200129264 | Onativia et al. | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200133029 | Yonezawa | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200138518 | Lang | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200143594 | Lal et al. | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200146546 | Chene | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200151507 | Siemionow et al. | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200156259 | Morales | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200163723 | Wolf et al. | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200163739 | Messinger et al. | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200184638 | Meglan | Jun 2020 | A1 |
| 20200186786 | Gibby et al. | Jun 2020 | A1 |
| 20200188034 | Lequette et al. | Jun 2020 | A1 |
| 20200201082 | Carabin | Jun 2020 | A1 |
| 20200229877 | Siemionow et al. | Jul 2020 | A1 |
| 20200237256 | Farshad et al. | Jul 2020 | A1 |
| 20200237459 | Racheli et al. | Jul 2020 | A1 |
| 20200237880 | Kent | Jul 2020 | A1 |
| 20200246074 | Lang | Aug 2020 | A1 |
| 20200246081 | Johnson et al. | Aug 2020 | A1 |
| 20200265273 | Wei | Aug 2020 | A1 |
| 20200275988 | Johnson | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200305980 | Lang | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200321099 | Holladay et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200323460 | Busza | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200327721 | Siemionow et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200330179 | Ton | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200337780 | Winkler | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200341283 | McCracken | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200352655 | Freese | Nov 2020 | A1 |
| 20200355927 | Marcellin-Dibon | Nov 2020 | A1 |
| 20200360091 | Murray et al. | Nov 2020 | A1 |
| 20200375666 | Murphy | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20200377493 | Heiser | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20200377956 | Vogelstein | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20200388075 | Kazanzides et al. | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20200389425 | Bhatia | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20200390503 | Casas et al. | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20200402647 | Domracheva | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20200410687 | Siemionow et al. | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20200413031 | Khani | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20210004956 | Book et al. | Jan 2021 | A1 |
| 20210009339 | Morrison et al. | Jan 2021 | A1 |
| 20210015583 | Avisar | Jan 2021 | A1 |
| 20210022599 | Freeman et al. | Jan 2021 | A1 |
| 20210022808 | Lang | Jan 2021 | A1 |
| 20210022811 | Mahfouz | Jan 2021 | A1 |
| 20210029804 | Chang | Jan 2021 | A1 |
| 20210030374 | Takahashi | Feb 2021 | A1 |
| 20210030511 | Wolf et al. | Feb 2021 | A1 |
| 20210038339 | Yu | Feb 2021 | A1 |
| 20210065911 | Goel et al. | Mar 2021 | A1 |
| 20210077195 | Saeidi | Mar 2021 | A1 |
| 20210077210 | Itkowitz | Mar 2021 | A1 |
| 20210080751 | Lindsey | Mar 2021 | A1 |
| 20210090344 | Geri et al. | Mar 2021 | A1 |
| 20210093391 | Poltaretskyi et al. | Apr 2021 | A1 |
| 20210093392 | Poltaretskyi et al. | Apr 2021 | A1 |
| 20210093400 | Quid et al. | Apr 2021 | A1 |
| 20210104055 | Ni et al. | Apr 2021 | A1 |
| 20210107923 | Jackson | Apr 2021 | A1 |
| 20210109349 | Schneider | Apr 2021 | A1 |
| 20210109373 | Loo | Apr 2021 | A1 |
| 20210110517 | Flohr | Apr 2021 | A1 |
| 20210113269 | Vilsmeier | Apr 2021 | A1 |
| 20210121238 | Palushi et al. | Apr 2021 | A1 |
| 20210137634 | Lang et al. | May 2021 | A1 |
| 20210141887 | Kim et al. | May 2021 | A1 |
| 20210150702 | Claessen | May 2021 | A1 |
| 20210157544 | Denton | May 2021 | A1 |
| 20210160472 | Casas | May 2021 | A1 |
| 20210161614 | Elimelech et al. | Jun 2021 | A1 |
| 20210162287 | Jun 2021 | A1 | |
| 20210165207 | Peyman | Jun 2021 | A1 |
| 20210169504 | Brown | Jun 2021 | A1 |
| 20210169578 | Calloway et al. | Jun 2021 | A1 |
| 20210169581 | Calloway et al. | Jun 2021 | A1 |
| 20210169605 | Calloway et al. | Jun 2021 | A1 |
| 20210196404 | Wang | Jul 2021 | A1 |
| 20210223577 | Zheng | Jul 2021 | A1 |
| 20210227791 | De Oliveira Seixas | Jul 2021 | A1 |
| 20210235061 | Hegyi | Jul 2021 | A1 |
| 20210248822 | Choi | Aug 2021 | A1 |
| 20210282887 | Wiggermann | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210290046 | Nazareth | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210290336 | Wang | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210290394 | Mahfouz | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210295512 | Knoplioch | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210298835 | Wang | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210306599 | Pierce | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210311322 | Belanger | Oct 2021 | A1 |
| 20210315636 | Akbarian | Oct 2021 | A1 |
| 20210315662 | Freeman et al. | Oct 2021 | A1 |
| 20210325684 | Ninan | Oct 2021 | A1 |
| 20210333561 | Oh | Oct 2021 | A1 |
| 20210346115 | Dulin et al. | Nov 2021 | A1 |
| 20210349677 | Baldev | Nov 2021 | A1 |
| 20210369226 | Siemionow et al. | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20210371413 | Thurston | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20210373333 | Moon | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20210373344 | Loyola | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20210378757 | Bay | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20210389590 | Freeman | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20210400247 | Casas | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20210401533 | Im | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20210402255 | Fung | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20210405369 | King | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20220003992 | Ahn | Jan 2022 | A1 |
| 20220007006 | Healy et al. | Jan 2022 | A1 |
| 20220008135 | Frielinghaus et al. | Jan 2022 | A1 |
| 20220038675 | Hegyi | Feb 2022 | A1 |
| 20220039873 | Harris | Feb 2022 | A1 |
| 20220051484 | Jones et al. | Feb 2022 | A1 |
| 20220079675 | Lang | Mar 2022 | A1 |
| 20220121041 | Hakim | Apr 2022 | A1 |
| 20220142730 | Wolf et al. | May 2022 | A1 |
| 20220155861 | Myung | May 2022 | A1 |
| 20220159227 | Casas | May 2022 | A1 |
| 20220179209 | Cherukuri | Jun 2022 | A1 |
| 20220192776 | Gibby et al. | Jun 2022 | A1 |
| 20220245400 | Siemionow et al. | Aug 2022 | A1 |
| 20220133484 | Lang | Sep 2022 | A1 |
| 20220287676 | Steines et al. | Sep 2022 | A1 |
| 20220295033 | Casas | Sep 2022 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 3022448 | Feb 2018 | CA |
| 101379412 | Mar 2009 | CN |
| 101379412 | Mar 2009 | CN |
| 103106348 | May 2013 | CN |
| 111915696 | Nov 2020 | CN |
| 112489047 | Mar 2021 | CN |
| 112489047 | Mar 2021 | CN |
| 202004011567 | Nov 2004 | DE |
| 102014008153 | Oct 2014 | DE |
| 0933096 | Aug 1999 | EP |
| 1640750 | Mar 2006 | EP |
| 2134847 | Jun 2015 | EP |
| 2891966 | Jan 2017 | EP |
| 2654749 | May 2017 | EP |
| 3216416 | Sep 2017 | EP |
| 2032039 | Oct 2017 | EP |
| 2030193 | Jul 2018 | EP |
| 3034607 | Mar 2019 | EP |
| 2892558 | Apr 2019 | EP |
| 2635299 | Jul 2019 | EP |
| 3505050 | Jul 2019 | EP |
| 3224376 | Aug 2019 | EP |
| 2875149 | Dec 2019 | EP |
| 3206583 | Sep 2020 | EP |
| 2625845 | Mar 2021 | EP |
| 3076660 | Apr 2021 | EP |
| 3858280 | Aug 2021 | EP |
| 3593227 | Sep 2021 | EP |
| 3789965 | Dec 2021 | EP |
| 3634294 | Jan 2022 | EP |
| 3952331 | Feb 2022 | EP |
| 2507314 | Apr 2014 | GB |
| 20140120155 | Oct 2014 | KR |
| 03034705 | Apr 2003 | WO |
| 2007051304 | May 2007 | WO |
| 2007115826 | Oct 2007 | WO |
| 2008103383 | Aug 2008 | WO |
| 2010067267 | Jun 2010 | WO |
| WO2010074747 | Jul 2010 | WO |
| WO2012101286 | Aug 2012 | WO |
| 2013112554 | Aug 2013 | WO |
| 2014024188 | Feb 2014 | WO |
| 2014037953 | Mar 2014 | WO |
| WO2014037953 | Mar 2014 | WO |
| 2014113455 | Jul 2014 | WO |
| 2014125789 | Aug 2014 | WO |
| 2014167563 | Oct 2014 | WO |
| 2014174067 | Oct 2014 | WO |
| 2015058816 | Apr 2015 | WO |
| WO2015061752 | Apr 2015 | WO |
| WO2015109145 | Jul 2015 | WO |
| 2016151506 | Sep 2016 | WO |
| WO2007115826 | Oct 2017 | WO |
| 2018073452 | Apr 2018 | WO |
| WO2018200767 | Apr 2018 | WO |
| 2018206086 | Nov 2018 | WO |
| 2019195926 | Oct 2019 | WO |
| 2019211741 | Nov 2019 | WO |
| WO2019210353 | Nov 2019 | WO |
| 2020109903 | Jun 2020 | WO |
| 2020109904 | Jun 2020 | WO |
| 2021019369 | Feb 2021 | WO |
| WO2021017019 | Feb 2021 | WO |
| WO2021023574 | Feb 2021 | WO |
| WO2021046455 | Mar 2021 | WO |
| WO2021048158 | Mar 2021 | WO |
| WO2021021979 | Apr 2021 | WO |
| WO2021061459 | Apr 2021 | WO |
| WO2021062375 | Apr 2021 | WO |
| WO2021073743 | Apr 2021 | WO |
| WO2021087439 | May 2021 | WO |
| WO2021091980 | May 2021 | WO |
| 2021255627 | Jun 2021 | WO |
| WO2021112918 | Jun 2021 | WO |
| 2021130564 | Jul 2021 | WO |
| WO2021137752 | Jul 2021 | WO |
| WO2021141887 | Jul 2021 | WO |
| WO2021145584 | Jul 2021 | WO |
| WO2021154076 | Aug 2021 | WO |
| WO2021183318 | Dec 2021 | WO |
| WO2021257897 | Dec 2021 | WO |
| WO2021258078 | Dec 2021 | WO |
| WO2022009233 | Jan 2022 | WO |
| 2022053923 | Mar 2022 | WO |
| 2022079565 | Apr 2022 | WO |
| 2023281395 | Jan 2023 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| US 11,395,705 B2, 09/2022, Lang (withdrawn) |
| International Application # PCT/IB2019/059770 search report dated Mar. 17, 2020. |
| International Application # PCT/IB2019/059771 search report dated Mar. 1, 2020. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/419,023 Third party submission dated Jan. 19, 2020. |
| Sagitov et al., “Comparing Fiducial Marker Systems in the Presence of Occlusion”, International Conference on Mechanical, System and Control Engineering (ICMSC), pp. 1-6, 2017. |
| Liu et al., “Marker orientation in fiducial registration”, Medical Imaging 2003: Image Processing, Proceedings of SPIE vol. 5032, pp. 1176-1185, 2003. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/419,023 office action dated Oct. 4, 2019. |
| Fingas., “Fraunhofer iPad app guides liver surgery through augmented reality”, pp. 1-6, Aug. 22, 2013. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/419,023 Office Action dated Sep. 3, 2020. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/199,281 Office Action dated Jun. 11, 2020. |
| Liao et al., ‘3-D Augmented Reality for MRI-Guided Surgery Using Integral Videography Autostereoscopic Image Overlay’, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 57, No. 6, pp. 1476-1486, Feb. 17, 2010. |
| Hainich et al., “Near-Eye displays”, Chapter 10 of Displays: Fundamentals and Applications, CRC press, pp. 439-504, Jul. 5, 2011. |
| Brainlab—Image Registration Options Enhanced Visualization Leveraging More Data , pp. 1-4, Feb. 2019. |
| Lumus Ltd., “DK-32 See-through Wearable Display Development Kit”, Rehovot, Israel, 2 pages, Dec. 24, 2013. |
| International Application # PCT/IB2020/056893 Search Report dated Nov. 9, 2020. |
| International Application # PCT/IB2020/060017 Search Report dated Jan. 7, 2021. |
| Elimelech et al., U.S. Appl. No. 16/724,297, filed Dec. 22, 2019. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/724,297 Office Action dated Jan. 26, 2021. |
| JP Application # 2021525186 Office Action dated Dec. 1, 2021. |
| EP Application # 19796580.9 Search Report dated Dec. 20, 2021. |
| International Application # PCT/IB2021/058088 Search Report dated Dec. 20, 2021. |
| International Application # PCT/IB2021/055242 Search Report dated Oct. 7, 2021. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/724,297 Office Action dated Nov. 4, 2021. |
| CN Application # 2019800757525 Office Action dated Mar. 1, 2022. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/419,023 Office Action dated Mar. 1, 2022. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/524,258 Office Action dated Apr. 11, 2022. |
| EP Application # 16767845.7 Office Action dated Apr. 29, 2022. |
| Lorensen et al., “Marching Cubes: A High Resolution 3D Surface Construction Algorithm,” ACM SIGGRAPH '87, Computer Graphics, vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 163-169, Jul. 1987. |
| Wikipedia, “Marching Cubes,” pp. 1-4, last edited Sep. 4, 2021. |
| Milletari et al., “V-Net: fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Volumetric Medical Image Segmentation,” arXiv:1606.04797v1, pp. 1-11, Jun. 15, 2016. |
| EP Application # 19891059.8 Search Report dated Jul. 27, 2022. |
| EP Application # 19890849.3 Search Report dated Jul. 27, 2022. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/419,023 Office Action dated Sep. 1, 2022. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/524,258 Office Action dated Oct. 24, 2022. |
| Mitrasinovic et al., “Clinical and surgical applications of smart glasses”, pp. 381-401, Technology and Health Care, issue 23, year 2015. |
| Martin-Gonzalez et al., “Head-mounted virtual loupe with sight-based activation for surgical applications”, IEEE symposium on mixed and augmented reality, pp. 207-208, Oct. 19-22, 2009. |
| Figl et al., “A fully automated calibration method for an optical see-through head-mounted operating microscope with variable zoom and focus”, pp. 1492-1499, IEEE transactions on medical imaging, vol. 24, No. 11, Nov. 2005. |
| Medithinq Co. Ltd., “Metascope: world's first wearable scope”, pp. 1-7, Jan. 2023. |
| Martin-Gonzalez et al., “Sight-based magnification system for surgical applications”, pp. 26-30, Conference proceedings of Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin, year 2010. |
| Burstrom et al., “Frameless patient tracking with adhesive optical skin markers for augmented reality surgical navigation in spine surgery”, Spine, vol. 45, No. 22, pp. 1598-1604, year 2020. |
| Suenaga et al., “Vision-based markerless registration using stereo vision and an augmented reality surgical navigation system: a pilot study”, BMC Medical Imaging, pp. 1-11, year 2015. |
| Mayfield Clinic, “Spinal Fusion: Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF)”, pp. 1-6, Jan. 2021. |
| Qian et al., “AR-Loupe: Magnified Augmented Reality by Combining an Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Display and a Loupe”, pp. 2550-2562, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 28, No. 7, Jul. 2022. |
| Kazanzides et al., “Systems and Methods for Augmented Reality Magnifying Loupe”, case ID 15944, pp. 1-2, Nov. 26, 2020. |
| Zhang et al., “Medical Volume Rendering Techniques,” Independent Research, Spring 2014, arXiv:1802.07710v1, pp. 1-33, Feb. 21, 2018. |
| Van Ooijen et al., “Noninvasive Coronary Imaging Using Electron Beam CT: Surface Rendering Versus Volume Rendering,” Computers in Radiology, AJR, vol. 180, pp. 223-226, Jan. 2003. |
| Webster (ed.), “Structured Light Techniques and Applications,” Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, pp. 1-24, year 2016. |
| Liberadzki et al., “Structured-Light-Based System for Shape Measurement of the Human Body in Motion,” Sensors, vol. 18, pp. 1-19, year 2018. |
| Romero, “Volume Ray Casting Techniques and Applications Using General Purpose Computations on Graphics Processing Units,” Thesis/Dissertation Collections, Rochester Institute of Technology, RIT Scholar Works, pp. 1-140, Jun. 2009. |
| International Application PCT/IB2022/056986 filed Jul. 28, 2022. |
| International Application PCT/IB2022/057733 filed Aug. 18, 2022. |
| International Application PCT/IB2022/057735 filed Aug. 18, 2022. |
| International Application PCT/IB2022/057736 filed Aug. 18, 2022. |
| International Application PCT/IB2022/057965 filed Aug. 25, 2022. |
| International Application PCT/IB2022/059030 filed Sep. 23, 2022. |
| Gera et al., U.S. Appl. No. 17/388,064, filed Jul. 29, 2021. |
| International Application PCT/IB2022/057965 Search Report dated Dec. 15, 2022. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/524,258 Office Action dated Jan. 24, 2023. |
| International Application PCT/IB2022/057733 Search Report dated Jan. 26, 2023. |
| European Application 22203956.2 Search Report dated Feb. 9, 2023. |
| International Application PCT/IB2022/059030 Search report dated Feb. 28, 2023. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/419,023 Office Action dated Jul. 22, 2021. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200163723 A1 | May 2020 | US |
