Patent Application
20150301206
The present invention relates to an underwater observation apparatus including an external load located outside of a housing and configured to be operated by a drive power supplied from a power source.
There have conventionally been known underwater observation apparatuses including an external load located outside of a housing and configured to be operated by a drive power supplied from a power source. Examples of this type of underwater observation apparatus include an ocean bottom seismograph (OBS) deployed on the sea bottom for seismic observation.
If power is supplied from the power source located inside of the housing forming a body of the underwater observation apparatus to an external load located outside of the housing in the related art, a through hole is formed in a wall of the housing, and a connection cable is used to connect between the external load and the power source through a watertight connector. JP 2006-30124 A (Patent Document 1) describes an example of a release structure configured to release the observation apparatus body from a weight structure attached to the observation apparatus body.
PATENT DOCUMENT 1: JP 2006-30124 A
However, forming a through hole in a wall of the housing disadvantageously reduces the strength of the housing. If the housing is to be used underwater, in particular, it is desirable that no hole should be formed in a wall of the housing because the housing is required to have a pressure-resistant structure in order to resist against a water pressure, and to have a watertight construction.
An object of the present invention is to provide an underwater observation apparatus capable of driving an external load located outside of a housing using a power source located inside of the housing without reducing the strength of the housing.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an underwater observation apparatus capable of charging a power storage of the power source located inside of the housing from the outside of the housing.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an underwater observation apparatus that causes no erroneous operation due to interference between components provided in the underwater observation apparatus.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an underwater observation apparatus that facilitates recovery work after the ascent of the housing.
The present invention provides an underwater observation apparatus including a housing and an external load. The housing is configured to house at least a power source including a power storage, a communication circuit of a communication device, and a signal processing device. The external load is located outside of the housing and configured to be operated by a drive power supplied from the power source. For example, if the underwater observation apparatus according to the present invention is applied to an ocean bottom seismograph to be deployed underwater, the housing forms an observation apparatus body. In order to protect devices housed inside the housing, the housing is formed as a pressure-resistant container such as a glass sphere that is resistant to a water pressure and that has a watertight construction.
The underwater observation apparatus according to the present invention further includes a power feeding coil and a power receiving coil. The power feeding coil is located inside of the housing to generate magnetic flux induced by a current supplied from the power source. The power receiving coil is located outside of the housing to generate an induced voltage when interlinked by the magnetic flux generated by the power feeding coil. Thus, the power feeding coil and the power receiving coil located inside and outside of the housing, respectively, and the drive power to the external load is supplied from the power receiving coil. According to the present invention, power for driving the external load can be supplied from the power source housed inside of the housing to the external load without using a power distribution cable. Therefore, there is no need to form a through hole in a wall of the housing, which avoids reducing the strength of the housing. This also facilitates providing a watertight structure to the housing. The power receiving coil located outside of the housing is preferably molded with a molding material such as a resin in a watertight manner.
The power feeding coil and the power receiving coil may be of any type as long as the coils can be located and used as described above. For example, if the coils are each an air-core coil in a swirling shape, this facilitates placing the power feeding coil and the power receiving coil opposite to each other across a wall of the housing. In addition, the coils can be thinned, and the installation space for the power feeding coil can be reduced, contributing to a reduction in size of the housing.
If the power feeding coil and the power receiving coil are each an air-core coil in a swirling shape, the power feeding coil and the power receiving coil may have a flat shape. If the housing is spherical, meanwhile, the coils may be shaped along the shape of a wall surface of the housing with their air-core portion formed in a convexed shape. In this case, the power feeding coil may be configured such that an air-core portion of the coil is convexed toward a wall surface of the housing, and the power receiving coil may be configured such that an air-core portion of the coil is convexed in a direction away from a wall surface of the housing. This allows the power feeding coil and the power receiving coil to be located opposite to each other at positions closer to the housing, enhancing the power feeding efficiency.
In order to recover the housing (and devices housed inside the housing) after observation, for maintenance, or the like, the underwater observation apparatus according to the present invention may further include a buoyancy generating unit configured to provide buoyancy to the housing. The buoyancy generating unit may be implemented by filling the housing with a gas to cause the housing itself to generate buoyancy, attaching to the housing a separate buoyant member filled with a gas, or a buoyant material that has a small specific gravity and that is pressure-resistant. If the underwater observation apparatus includes a buoyancy generating unit configured to provide buoyancy to the housing, the underwater observation apparatus may also include a weight structure and a coupling device. The housing is attached to the weight structure. The coupling device is configured to couple the housing with the weight structure via a remote-controlled release structure capable of releasing the housing from the weight structure. The release structure is configured to release the housing from the weight structure and to allow the housing to move upward by buoyancy for recovery. Such a configuration allows the housing to be recovered by actuating the release structure when necessary.
The external load to be supplied with power is not limited. For example, at least a part of the external load may be an electrical component included in the release structure. In this case, the coupling device may include a closed-loop member including one or more fusible portions formed from a thermoplastic material. The release structure may be located between the closed-loop member and the weight structure, and configured to hold the housing when the closed-loop member is closed and to release the housing when the closed-loop member is opened. The release structure may include, as the electrical component, one or more fusion cutting devices operable to fuse and disconnect the fusible portions of the closed-loop member to open the closed-loop member. Such a configuration allows power for driving the one or more fusion cutting devices to be supplied from the power source housed inside of the housing in a non-contact manner, opening the closed-loop member to release the housing. The power receiving coil receives AC power. If the fusion cutting devices can be driven by any of DC power and AC power, there is no need to provide an AC-DC conversion circuit. Therefore, there is no need to provide another pressure-resistant container outside of the housing to protect such an AC-DC conversion circuit.
The underwater observation apparatus according to the present invention may be configured to actuate the release structure in a time-limited manner. However, the underwater observation apparatus according to the present invention may be configured to actuate the release structure for recovery in response to a signal transmitted from the ground or at sea. In this case, for example, the communication device may include a transducer and the communication circuit. The transducer is installed outside of the housing to perform acoustic communication underwater. The communication circuit is installed inside of the housing. The communication device thus transmits and receives a signal through acoustic communication. If the communication device is configured in this way, the communication circuit is required to include a matching coil for impedance matching. Therefore, magnetic flux generated by the power feeding coil may interlink with the matching coil to cause the matching coil to generate an induced voltage to result in noise, depending on the position of the matching coil. Thus, in the present invention, the matching coil and the power receiving coil may be arranged such that a first assumed magnetic force line extending in a coil winding axis direction of the power feeding coil is orthogonal to a second assumed magnetic force line extending in a coil winding axis direction of the matching coil. Such an arrangement suppresses mutual interference between the matching coil and the power feeding coil, preventing an erroneous operation due to noise or the like. The term “orthogonal” as used herein not only means being exactly orthogonal but also allows for a certain degree of deviation.
In order to improve the visibility of the housing from a worker during recovery of the housing which has floated on the water surface by buoyancy, the underwater observation apparatus according to the present invention may further include a light-emitting device attached inside or outside of the housing to emit light upward of a water surface when the release structure releases and allows the housing to float by buoyancy for recovery and a portion of the housing is exposed from the water surface. A xenon lamp or the like may be used as the light source of the light-emitting device. In the underwater observation apparatus according to the present invention which is able to supply only a limited amount of power, however, a light-emitting diode of which the power consumption is low may be used in place of a xenon lamp. It should be noted that the light-emitting diode emits light with high directivity. Thus, the light-emitting device which uses the light-emitting diode preferably includes a plurality of light-emitting diodes arrayed in an annular arrangement at predetermined intervals to surround a center point of the portion of the housing that is to be exposed from the water surface, and oriented at an angle determined to emit light obliquely upward with respect to the water surface. The thus configured light-emitting device improves the visibility for a ship on the sea while allowing the use of the light-emitting diodes as the light source.
Unlike the housing according to the related art in which power is fed to the external load via wires, the weight balance of the housing is varied particularly by the addition of the weights of the power feeding coil and the power receiving coil. Thus, in order for light emitted from the light-emitting device to be emitted upward of the water surface, the transducer for acoustic communication may be provided and disposed on top of the housing, the power storage may be disposed close to a bottom portion of the housing, and the power feeding coil, the power receiving coil, and other components may be located such that the light emitted from the light-emitting device is emitted upward of the water surface when the housing is released underwater and a portion of the housing is exposed from the water surface.
The light-emitting device may be disposed either inside or outside of the housing. If the light-emitting device is disposed inside of the housing, at least a part of the housing is optically transparent to allow transmission of the light emitted from the plurality of light-emitting diodes. An attachment portion may be provided inside of the housing, the attachment portion including an inclined surface inclined toward the center point of the portion of the housing to be exposed from the water surface discussed earlier, and the plurality of light-emitting diodes may be attached to the inclined surface. With such a configuration, the power source in the housing and the light-emitting device can be connected through a connection cable to cause the light-emitting diode to emit light. If the light-emitting device is fixed outside of the housing, the light-emitting device may be the external load discussed above, and may be supplied with power from the power source in the housing.
In the underwater observation apparatus according to the present invention, the power source may further include a charge power receiving coil and a charge circuit. The charge power receiving coil is disposed inside of the housing to be interlinked by magnetic flux generated by a charge power feeding coil to be disposed outside of the housing. The charge circuit is configured to charge the power storage using output from the charge power receiving coil. Such a configuration allows the power storage to be charged without opening the housing.
In order to facilitate recovery of the housing after the housing moves upward by buoyancy, the housing may include a radio beacon configured to transmit a position signal indicating a position of the housing which has been released to move upward by buoyancy. In order for a radio beacon to transmit a position signal, it is necessary that the radio beacon antenna should project upward from the water surface when the housing is released underwater and a portion of the housing is exposed from the water surface. In the present invention, unlike the underwater observation apparatus according to the related art in which power is fed to the external load via wires, the weight balance of the housing is varied particularly by the addition of the weights of the power feeding coil and the power receiving coil. Thus, if the transducer for acoustic communication is provided and disposed on top of the housing, the power storage is disposed close to a bottom portion of the housing, and the power feeding coil, the power receiving coil, and other components are located such that the radio beacon antenna projects upward from the water surface when the housing is released underwater and a portion of the housing is exposed from the water surface. Such a configuration allows the radio beacon antenna to be exposed from the water surface after the housing moves upward by buoyancy, facilitating recovery of the housing.
An underwater observation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
Herein, as shown in
The underwater observation apparatus 1 includes an observation apparatus body 3 (a housing having buoyancy), an anchor 5 (weight structure), a coupling device 9, a transducer 11, and a radio beacon (among components of which only a radio beacon antenna 13 is shown). The observation apparatus body 3 incorporates a measuring device such as a seismograph, and has buoyancy. The anchor 5 is used to moor the observation apparatus body 3 sunk on the sea bottom. The coupling device 9 couples the observation apparatus body 3 with the anchor 5, and includes a fusion cutting device 7. The transducer 11 is used for acoustic communication. The radio beacon transmits a position signal (position measurement information from a GPS (not shown)) indicating the position of the observation apparatus body 3.
The observation apparatus body 3 includes a transparent glass sphere 15 that is resistant to a water pressure to protect internal devices from intrusion of water. In the embodiment, the glass sphere 15 is a small glass sphere with a diameter of 13 inches. The glass sphere 15 is formed from an upper hemisphere portion 15A and a lower hemisphere portion 15B. The glass sphere 15 is formed by housing components in the lower hemisphere portion 15B and fixing the upper hemisphere portion 15A over the lower hemisphere portion 15B. The glass sphere 15 is filled with a gas so that the observation apparatus body 3 itself has buoyancy underwater.
The components housed inside the glass sphere 15 include a power source 18, a power feeding coil 19, an oscillation circuit board 21, a communication circuit board 23, a matching coil 25, a signal processing device 26, a charge power receiving coil 27, and a flasher (light-emitting device) 28, besides measuring devices such as an acceleration sensor and wiring configured to connect between the components (not shown). The power source 18 includes a lithium-ion battery 17. The power feeding coil 19 feeds power to the fusion cutting device 7. The oscillation circuit board 21 forms an oscillation circuit 20 configured to oscillate the power feeding coil 19. The communication circuit board 23 forms a communication circuit 22 for acoustic communication. The matching coil 25 is used for impedance matching. The signal processing device 26 processes a signal received by the transducer 11. The charge power receiving coil 27 charges the lithium-ion battery 17. When the transducer 11 receives an acoustic signal, the communication circuit 22 causes the signal processing device 26 to process the signal. The signal processing device 26 is configured to actuate the oscillation circuit 20 if the acoustic signal includes a release signal.
A power receiving coil 29 is located outside of the glass sphere 15 at a position opposite to the power feeding coil 19. The transducer 11 is attached on top of the glass sphere 15. Constituent elements of the coupling device 9 are provided around the transducer 11. The radio beacon antenna 13 is provided in front of the glass sphere 15. The transducer 11 is covered by a cover made of urethane rubber. The observation apparatus body 3, which includes the glass sphere 15 which is a pressure-resistant container, is made lighter than the weight of water to be displaced by the observation apparatus body 3, and therefore has buoyancy underwater. The anchor 5 is a heavy article made of a metal or the like. Although not shown, a plurality of attachment fittings are fixed to the anchor 5 for attachment of coupling members 37 to be discussed later.
The coupling device 9 according to the embodiment includes a closed-loop member 31, and couples the observation apparatus body 3 with the anchor 5 via a release structure. The release structure mainly includes the fusion cutting device 7, three turning arms (retention mechanisms) 35, and three coupling members 37. The turning arms 35 are attached to a closed-loop shaft member 33 provided along the outer circumference of the glass sphere 15. The coupling members 37 are formed from string-like members that are stretchable or that can be adjustably fastened to an appropriate length. The lower ends of the turning arms 35 are fixed to the closed-loop shaft member 33. When the coupling members 37 are to be fixed, the turning arms 35 are oriented in the upward direction. When the coupling members 37 are to be released, the turning arms 35 are turned in the direction away from the observation apparatus body 3 with their lower ends serving as turning shafts. The coupling member 37 includes a retention ring 39 provided at one end thereof. The turning arm 35 passes through the retention ring 39. The other end of the coupling member 37 is fixed to an attachment fitting (not shown) provided to the anchor 5.
The closed-loop member 31 is retained to surround the turning arms 35 retained through the retention rings 39 of the coupling members 37, and extended over the three turning arms 35 to sequentially connect the three turning arms 35. This hinders the turning arms 35 from turning, fixing the coupling members 37. One fusion cutting device 7 is attached to the closed-loop member 31. In the embodiment, the closed-loop member 31 is formed from a thermoplastic material such as nylon. A portion of the closed-loop member 31 provided with the fusion cutting device 7 serves as a fusible portion.
Next, the configuration for performing contactless power transmission through the power feeding coil 19 and the power receiving coil 29 to feed power to the fusion cutting device 7 serving as an external load will be described with reference to
As shown in
As shown in
As with the closed-loop member 31, the closed-loop member housing portion 47 is formed from a thermoplastic material, and fused by heat generated by the electric heater portion 49. If the closed-loop member housing portion 47 is formed from a thermoplastic material having a melting point lower than or equal to the melting point of the thermoplastic material forming the closed-loop member 31, the closed-loop member housing portion 47 is first fused and the closed-loop member 31 is fused after that, or at substantially the same time, when the electric heater portion 49 generates heat. Thus, when the transducer 11 receives a release signal and the power receiving coil 29 generates an induced voltage, the electric heater portion 49 of the fusion cutting device 7 generates heat to fuse the closed-loop member 31, thereby opening the closed loop.
As with the power feeding coil 19, the charge power receiving coil 27 is an air-core coil in a swirling shape, and fixed to an inner wall surface of the glass sphere 15 with an adhesive material such that the winding axis of the coil is oriented toward the wall surface of the glass sphere 15. The charge power receiving coil 27 is connected to a charge circuit (not shown) configured to charge the lithium-ion battery 17. When a charge power feeding coil (not shown) connected to an external power source is located opposite to the charge power receiving coil 27 and caused to generate magnetic flux, an induced voltage is generated to charge the lithium-ion battery 17. The lithium-ion battery 17 is charged on a ship or on land before the underwater observation apparatus 1 is put into the sea or after the observation apparatus body 3 is recovered. Alternatively, the lithium-ion battery 17 may be charged underwater by a robot such as a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) having a charge power feeding coil.
As discussed above, the observation apparatus body 3 includes the transducer 11, the communication circuit board 23, and the matching coil 25 for impedance matching to perform acoustic communication. In the embodiment, the power feeding coil 19 and the power receiving coil 29 are provided to feed power to the fusion cutting device 7 in a non-contact manner. Therefore, magnetic flux generated by the power feeding coil 19 may interlink with the matching coil 25 to cause the matching coil 25 to generate an induced voltage, depending on the position and the direction of the matching coil 25. If the power feeding coil 19 and the power receiving coil 29 are provided for contactless power transmission and it is necessary that another coil should be installed in the glass sphere together, it is necessary to determine the positional relationship among the coils. This is particularly the case if the glass sphere has a small diameter as in the embodiment. Thus, in the embodiment, the power feeding coil 19 and the matching coil 25 are arranged such that a first assumed magnetic force line extending in the coil winding axis direction of the power feeding coil 19 is orthogonal to a second assumed magnetic force line extending in the coil winding axis direction of the matching coil 25 and such that the distance between the two coils is made as large as possible to reduce the cross flux density. Specifically, as shown in the plan view of
As shown in
The observation apparatus body 3 according to the embodiment is configured to be stable in the vertical direction shown in
Specifically, the lithium-ion battery 17 is located close to the bottom portion of the observation apparatus body 3. The transducer 11 which is covered by a cover made of urethane rubber is attached to the top portion of the observation apparatus body 3. This is because the urethane rubber has a specific gravity of about 1 and generates a rotational force due to the moment when the observation apparatus body 3 comes above the water. The power feeding coil 19, the charge power receiving coil 27, and the power receiving coil 29 are all located in rear of the observation apparatus body 3, which is opposite to the side where the radio beacon antenna 13 is installed. The power feeding coil 19 and the charge power receiving coil 27 are spaced from each other, and the power receiving coil 29 and the charge power receiving coil 27 are also spaced from each other. The oscillation circuit board 21 and the communication circuit board 23 are also located in rear of the observation apparatus body 3. It should be noted, however, that the matching coil 25 is located close to the front of the observation apparatus body 3 for anti-noise measures. Moreover, the radio beacon antenna 13 is provided to project obliquely from an upper front portion of the observation apparatus body 3. Likewise, the flasher 28 is attached to an internal wall portion of the glass sphere 15 corresponding to the portion where the radio beacon antenna 13 is provided across the wall portion of the glass sphere 15. Such an arrangement of the components allows the radio beacon antenna 13 to project upward from the water surface as shown in
The observation apparatus body 3 is fixed to the anchor 5 according to the following procedures:
(1) The observation apparatus body 3 is located at a position for fixation to the anchor 5 (see
(2) The turning arms 35 are caused to pass through the corresponding retention rings 39 of the coupling members 37, one end of which is fixed to the anchor 5.
(3) The closed-loop member 31 in the open state, before forming a closed loop, is located along the three turning arms 35, and caused to pass through the closed-loop member housing portion 47 of the fusion cutting device 7. Then, end portions of the closed-loop member 31 in the open state are coupled to each other to form a closed loop. The closed-loop member 31 can be adjusted in length and not to be slackened since the closed-loop member 31 is slidably housed in the closed-loop member housing portion 47.
The observation apparatus body 3 is fixed to the anchor 5 through the procedures described above. In case of an ocean bottom seismograph, the ocean bottom seismograph is transported to a location of measurement by ship or the like when preparations are finally made, and put into the sea from the sea surface to be located on the sea bottom.
If the observation apparatus body 3 is to be recovered when measurement is finished, for maintenance of the measurement device, or the like, the fusion cutting device 7 is actuated to release the observation apparatus body 3 from the anchor 5 according to the following procedures:
(1) A release signal is transmitted. The release signal is transmitted as an acoustic signal from on the sea, for example.
(2) When the transducer 11 receives the release signal, the signal processing device 26 turns on the oscillation circuit 20 and the flasher 28. (If the flasher 28 is controlled so as to be turned on and off through a magnet switch, the flasher 28 is not turned on yet.)
(3) When the oscillation circuit 20 is turned on, the power feeding coil 19 generates magnetic flux, which interlinks the power receiving coil 29. This causes the power receiving coil 29 to generate an induced voltage.
(4) The closed-loop member housing portion 47 and the closed-loop member 31 are fused by heat produced when AC power is applied to the electric heater portion 49 of the fusion cutting device 7.
(5) When the closed-loop member 31 is fused to open the closed loop, the turning arms 35 are released, and turned in the direction away from the observation apparatus body 3 by the tension of the coupling members 37. Then, when the turning arms 35 are turned, the retention rings 39 are disengaged from the turning arms 35.
(6) The observation apparatus body 3 is released from the anchor 5 to move upward by buoyancy. (If the flasher 28 is controlled so as to be turned on and off through a magnet switch, the flasher 28 is now turned on.)
(7) After that, the signal processing device 26 turns off the oscillation circuit 20, which applies a current from the power source 18 to the electric heater portion 49, based on physical variations (such as variations in water pressure, inclination angle, acceleration, elapsed time, etc., for example) due to the release of the observation apparatus body 3 from the anchor 5, or when a timer times out.
(8) Once the observation apparatus body 3 has moved upward by buoyancy to the water surface, the observation apparatus body 3 is oriented upward with respect to the water surface with the radio beacon antenna 13 projecting upward from the water surface. In addition, light emitted from the flasher 28 is emitted obliquely upward with respect to the water surface (see
The procedures described above enable the observation apparatus body 3 to be reliably recovered in a short time.
The above embodiment is described by way of example only, and may be modified without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. For example, in the embodiment described above, the power feeding coil and the power receiving coil are planar. However, the power feeding coil may be configured such that an air-core portion of the coil projects toward a wall surface of the glass sphere, and the power receiving coil may be configured such that an air-core portion of the coil projects in a direction away from a wall surface of the glass sphere.
In the embodiment described above, in addition, the fusion cutting device of the release structure serves as the external load to be supplied with power through contactless power transmission. However, another component may serve as the external load. For example, the flasher for the usage described above may have a watertight structure and be located outside of the glass sphere to be supplied with power through contactless power transmission. If the external load is driven by DC power, an AC-DC conversion circuit may be provided on the side of the power receiving coil.
In the embodiment described above, further, the release structure includes the fusion cutting device. However, the release structure may be of a powder type in which a cutting blade configured to cut a cable coupling between the observation apparatus body and the weight structure is powered by explosion of powder, or of a galvanic corrosion type in which a metal plate or a metal wire coupling between the observation apparatus body and the weight structure is forcibly subjected to galvanic corrosion to be cut.
In the embodiment described above, the observation apparatus body itself is provided with buoyancy. In the present invention, however, a buoyant member that is separate from the observation apparatus body or a buoyant material that has a small specific gravity and that is pressure-resistant may be attached to the observation apparatus body to provide buoyancy. Alternatively, the observation apparatus body may not be provided with buoyancy, and may be recovered by a robot such as an ROV.
As described above, the underwater observation apparatus according to the present invention allows power for driving the external load to be supplied from the power source housed inside of the housing through contactless power transmission. Therefore, there is no need to form a through hole in a wall of the housing, which avoids reducing the strength of the housing and facilitates providing a watertight structure. Providing the charge power receiving coil and the charge circuit enables the lithium-ion battery serving as the power storage to be charged without opening the housing. Devising the arrangement of the matching coil of the communication device and the power feeding coil eliminates mutual interference between the matching coil and the power feeding coil, preventing an erroneous operation due to noise or the like. Adjusting the weight balance of the housing allows the radio beacon antenna and/or the flasher to be exposed from the water surface after the housing moves upward by buoyancy, facilitating recovery of the housing.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-255619 | Nov 2012 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/064128 | 5/21/2013 | WO | 00 |
