Universal MDR data record collection and reporting system

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a data record collection and reporting system for use with PBX and telephone company switches, and, more particularly, to an MDR collection and reporting system which collects MDRs of various formats from switches of different types for multiple telephone company customers.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Telephone company customers such as corporations, government agencies, and institutions often have multiple locations served by private telecommunications networks. Multiple telephone company customers are in a network served by a telephone company. Several telephone company central office switches are used to provide telephone service for a geographic area.
Many customers elect to provide telephone service within a location themselves, using a Private Branch Exchange (PBX), one form of an intelligent network node.
Others elect to have telephone service provided by their telephone company through a service called Centrex, another form of an intelligent network node. Centrex provides business services to many customers from each central office switch. The public network telecommunications provider (a telephone company) may provide Centrex service to multiple organizations from each central office switch.
A medium to large sized customer will typically have several locations, some served by Centrex and others served by PBX. Customers often have private telecommunications networks including the PBX or Centrex intelligent nodes, tie trunks that interconnect the nodes, and telephone stations.
Conventionally, each location will have telecommunications services provided by a switch. The switch can be either Centrex or PBX.
Demand for telecommunication services is constantly increasing, making it increasingly important for organizations to control their costs. The customer's need to control the costs associated with provider telecommunications has introduced the requirement of collecting detailed information on the usage of the network.
As a result, the intelligent nodes have the ability to record information about each call in the form of a Message Detail Record (MDR). These records are used by corporations to determine the cost of each call. The records can also be used for other purposes, such as detection of fraudulent calls. Thus, various information is encoded into the MDR.
Many different types of intelligent nodes and telephone switches are available on the market to serve different needs of customers. Unfortunately, each type of node and switch provides the information about each call in a different format. There exists a profusion of different MDR formats, all used within a telephone network.
The public network telecommunications provider has multiple switches. Certain large customers may use multiple central office switches. Because the public network telecommunications provider provides Centrex to multiple organizations from multiple central office switches, it needs to be able to collect usage information for multiple customers on each of the multiple switches. Further, it needs to collect each MDR separately for each customer.
There further exists a need for the public network telecommunications provider to deliver usage information to each customer reliably and rapidly.
The organization's need to control the costs associated with provider telecommunications has introduced the requirement of collecting detailed information on the usage of the private telecommunications network. Thus, there exists a need for the customer to be able to further process the usage information to provide administrative, planning and maintenance functions regarding the customer's network.
To enable rapid delivery of usage information, electronic transmission is preferred to mailed paper documentation. Furthermore, an ideal system would be prepared to transmit all of a customer's MDRs and usage information in one electronic transmission session.
Therefore, there is a need for a universal MDR system which works with the different formats and delivery mechanisms.
Conventional systems lack these features. For example, one conventional system is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,656,656, issued Apr. 7, 1987, to Mundy, Jr. et al. In Mundy, a hospital call accounting system is described that collects MDRs, which Mundy calls CDRs. The MDRs, however, are collected from a single PBX system. Thus, Mundy has multiple disadvantages in that it works only with a single customer, is limited to PBX, and is limited to a single switch.
Another conventional system is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,464,543, issued Aug. 7, 1984, to Kline et al. Kline discloses a call trace facility built into a network control center for a private branch exchange. Multiple MDRs are collected from multiple switches. Unfortunately, Kline is limited to use with PBX switches, and cannot be used with Centrex. Furthermore, Kline uses the MDRs primarily to trace calls. Thus, Kline does not provide other information in the MDR in a format useful for network administrative, planning and maintenance functions. A further drawback of Kline is that Kline does not deal with multiple customers.
Another example of a conventional system is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,525,601, issued Jun. 25, 1985, to Barnich et al. Barnich discloses a system for efficient costing of telephone calls, by collecting MDRs, which Barnich calls SMDRs, from a PBX. Unfortunately, Barnich does not deal with multiple switches, Centrex, or multiple customers.
Yet another conventional system is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,048,079, issued Sep. 10, 1991, to Harrington, et al. Harrington discloses enhancing the accuracy of call duration information in an MDR, which Harrington calls SMDRs, by inserting an apparatus into a trunk of a PBX. The apparatus collects MDRs from the PBX and outputs them with enhanced call duration accuracy. However, Harrington does not deal with multiple switches, Centrex, or multiple customers.
Finally, U.S. Pat. No. 4,788,718, issued Nov. 29, 1988, to McNabb, et al. that essentially generates MDRs by monitoring certain messages, called SS7 messages. McNabb can function with multiple customers, however, McNabb has the distinct disadvantage that it does not use MDRs generated by PBX or Centrex.
American Computer and Electronics is reported to have a data acquisition product that accepts data from AMA or MDR ports or multiple central office switches. This product is a passive VME-based receptor that lacks any processing capability. It is designed to transmit data solely to a telephone company billing system. It does not support direct customer access. It does not do any real time evaluation of record format or data integrity and it does not perform call rating.
Telesciences produces a passive product that emulates a tape drive and collects AMA data and transmits it to some telco provided billing or collection system. They have produced an adjunct to that system designed to allow the parcing of that data flow to create an MDR like record from the AMA data stream. This product does not produce a Bellcore standard MDR record. It does not contain call records for anything other than billable calls. It does no real time accuracy or integrity checking, and it does not conform to any open architecture standards.
AT&T produces three products that provide SMDR information to customers; the ACP, BCP and an MDR Translator that provide SMDR to premise directly from the central office switch to a single customer only. The ACP and BCP are mini computer architectured systems that are not built to reside within a central office, are intended to support more than one central office, do not do any edit checking of call records, do not produce call records that conform to any standard, are not integrated into a call record delivery system for the end user customer, and do not fit into a Collector system architecture.
Northern Telecom produces several products that perform some of the tasks contained within the INFO/MDR system functionality. These products are the DNC 50 and DNC 500, the BMC II, and the Deuce. The DNC 50 and DNC 500 are functionally equivalent to the AT&T BCP and ACP products. The BCP is a product designed to reside within a central office. It does no data validation or error checking of the data stream from the switch. It does no protocol or data translation and it supports only a single customer from the switch. The Deuce is a similar product that supports two customers rather than one. Of these products, only the DNC 50 and DNC 500 support switches produced by vendors other than Northern Telecom.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the invention is to provide an MDR data record collection and reporting system which can be used with both PBX and Centrex switches of all types.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a system which can be used with multiple switches.
It is another object of the invention to provide a system which can be used with multiple customers.
The universal MDR data record collection and reporting system receives an MDR in one of a plurality of MDR formats from one of a plurality of types of switches on a telephone network. It reformats the MDR to one of a plurality of selected formats. It also stores the reformatted MDR in an MDR file. Further, it also transmits the reformatted MDRs from the message processor using a communications protocol.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawings and described in detail below.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a telecommunications system used by multiple customers;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a capture device on a PBX switch;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a message processor on a Central Office switch;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a monitor, showing multiple message processors, connected to switches of different types, which could be produced by different vendors, and an administrator processor;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of communication between the monitor and a collector;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of communication between the monitor and a manager;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of multiple message processors communicating with a manager and multiple message processors communicating with a collector;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of multiple message processors and a simplified MDR capture device communicating with a manager and a collector;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a telecommunications system of FIG. 1 using a universal MDR data record collection and reporting system, including a monitor, a manager and a collector;
FIG. 10 shows message processor processes and indicates called processes;
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of the switch interface;
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of the MDR writer;
FIG. 13 is a flow chart of the Kermit file builder;
FIG. 14 is a block diagram of the message processor collection of an MDR;
FIG. 15 is a block diagram of the message processor hardware;
FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of the side card of the message processor;
FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram of the multi-modem card; and
FIG. 18 illustrates data flow in an administrator processor.
FIG. 19 is a block diagram of an administrator processor.
FIG. 20 illustrates collecting and delivering MDRs.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A universal MDR data record collection and reporting system for use with Centrex switches or capture devices used with PBXs on a telephone network includes a message processor with a receiver, receiving an MDR in one of a plurality of M DR formats from one of a plurality of types of switches on a telephone network. The message processor also has a reformatter, reformatting the MDR to one of a plurality of selected formats. Additionally, the message processor has a means for storing the reformatted MDR in an MDR file. Further, the message processor also has a transmitter, transmitting the reformatted MDRs from the message processor on a communications link using a communications protocol.
FIG. 1 is an example of a network with multiple customers served by a telephone company. In the example, a plurality of telephone company central office switches 1 are used to provide telephone service for a geographic area. Many customers elect to provide telephone service within a location using a PBX 2. Others elect to have telephone service provided by their telephone company through a service called Centrex which provides business services to many customers from each central office switch 1. As illustrated, a medium to large sized customer will typically have several locations, some served by Centrex and others served by PBX. See, for example, Customers A and B. The Central Office may be connected to the PBX by a CO-PBX trunk 600. Customers often have private telecommunications networks comprised of the PBX or Centrex intelligent nodes, a tie trunk 3 that interconnects the nodes and a plurality of telephone sets 4, which are also called stations.
The universal MDR data record collection and reporting system includes a message processor, which is connected to one switch. A message processor is capable of collecting MDRs from switches using the following types of switch interfaces: 5ESS, available from AT&T; DMS-100, available from Northern Telecom; 1/1 AESS, available from AT&T; and compatible switch interfaces. The message processor can handle an MDR format according to the following specifications, incorporated herein by reference: 5ESS Switch ISDN Interface Applications Processor Interface Specification, Issue 4.00, Oct. 1990, AT&T 235-900-303; Output Specification Basic Communications Package Version 3, Issue 2, May 1990, AT&T 533-615-203; Northern Telecom AMAB150, release 09.01, Practice 297-1001-510; Northern Telecom Digital Switching Systems DMS-100 Integrated Business Network (IBN) Station Message Detail Recording Reference Manual, release 06.01 standard, issued Sep. 25, 1987, Practice 297-2001-119; Northern Telecom Digital Switching System Network Operations Systems Business Network Management SMDR Interface Specification, vintage NSR28 02, issued Nov. 10, 1989, compatible with NIS Q.202-1, Practice 450-1021-181; Bell Communications Research Message Detail Recording (MDR), FSD 02-02-1110, Technical Reference TR-TSY-000610, Issue 1, Jul. 1990; Bell Communications Research, Record Format for Transmitting Message Detail Recording Data from a Central Office Switching System, FSD 02-02-1120, Technical Reference TR-TSY-000620, Issue 1, Jul. 1990; Bell Communications Research, Description of the Interface Between a 1/1 AESS Switching System and a Customer Premises Message Detail Recording System, Technical Reference TR-533-23112-84-01, Issue 1, May 1984; and Output Specifications, Basic Communications Package, Version 3, Issue 2, May 1990, AT&T 533-615-203. FIG. 2 illustrates a capture device 17 connected to a PBX 2. FIG. 3 illustrates a message processor 5 connected to a Central Office Switch 1.
As illustrated in FIG. 14, the message processor collects an MDR in the following manner. A telephone call is transmitted on the switch. When the call is completed, the switch prepares the MDR. The switch then transmits the MDR over a link 40 to a receiver 42, using a protocol appropriate to the switch, for example, X.25 or RS-232. The receiver 42 receives the MDR from the link 40. The MDR is reformatted by a reformatter 44 into an intermediate format. The intermediate format can be selected by a customer. The selected format is stored in configuration storage 54, and accessed by the reformatter 44. The message processor includes a disk 46, so that the reformatted MDR is stored on the disk and can later be retrieved. The message processor includes a separate disk file for each customer for which it receives MDRs. Thus, MDRs for each customer are segregated from other customers' MDRs on the same disk.
In addition to reformatting the MDR, the message processor includes an error detector 48 which detect errors in MDRs. Furthermore, the message processor counts and stores statistics in a statistics collector 50 for the switch. The message processor also detects errors internal to itself and stores them as alarms in an alarm collector 52.
To be useful with multiple switches and multiple customers, the message processor is configurable. The format of the MDR from the switch is one configuration to be specified, and the intermediate format is another configuration to be specified. Preferably, the message processor is configurable both when initially started and during operation.
The message processor should be located in the same office as the switch from which it captures MDRs.
Referring now to FIG. 4, multiple switches, which can be of different types, 1a, 1b, 1c, manufactured by different vendors, are connected to message processors 5. Each message processor 5 is connected to a single administrator processor 8. The message processors 5 and their administrator processor 8 are collectively referred to as a monitor 15.
The administrator processor 8 is used by the telephone company. The administrator processor is the recipient of alarms from each of the message processors and reports them to telephone company personnel responsible for resolving the problem. It is also the system into which the configuration is entered by telephone company personnel when a new MDR customer is added, or when the configuration changes. It later loads the configuration into each message processor that handles the customer with changed configurations. The administrator processor has an Administrative Processor Interface (APIF) 81 which forms communications between the administration processor 8 and manager 6, collector 7 and other elements, as needed. This is accomplished by downloading communications information from the administrator processor to the message processors.
In addition to being accessed by the administrator processor, the stored reformatted MDRs are accessible by a system at a central site using a specified protocol. This is preferably implemented by the message processor communicating with the central site system. The message processor transmits reformatted MDRs to the central site. The central site could be a customer site or a telephone company office.
Referring now to FIG. 5, one possible central site is a collector. The collector 7 receives MDRs over a transmission link 16 from several message processors 5 so that MDRs for customers with multiple locations are stored in one location. The collector obtains the MDR from the monitors in real-time if dedicated transmission links are available and uses a dial-up polling arrangement otherwise. The collector stores the MDR in a separate disk file for each customer and switch. The MDRs may be transmitted to customer's central site in real-time if a dedicated transmission link is available, otherwise they are transmitted when the collector is polled for the MDR. The collector is preferably located in a telephone company building.
Referring now to FIG. 6, another possible configuration is a manager located at a customer site. The manager 6 receives MDRs over the transmission link 16 from the monitor 15. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7, the manager also receives MDRs over the transmission link from the collector if the customer has multiple locations served by central offices using the same collector. The manager obtains the MDR in real-time if there is a dedicated transmission link to the message processor or collector. If a dedicated transmission link is not used, the manager establishes a dial connection to the appropriate message processor or collector to collect the MDR on a polling basis. The manager then uses the MDR to cost calls for a departmental telephone bill or for other management purposes. The manager is preferably located at a customer's location.
FIG. 8 shows the collection device 17 connected to a switch, for example, a PBX 2. The collection device has rudimentary ability to capture and store MDRs. The collector 7 or manager 6 can obtain stored MDRs from the collection device by a transmission link 16, using real-time if the transmission link 16 is dedicated, and using a polling arrangement otherwise.
FIG. 9 illustrates one example of a universal MDR collection/reporting system on a telephone network corresponding to FIG. 1. In this example, the system includes the monitor having several message processors 5 and one administrator processor 8. In this example, the transmission link from the message processor 5 to the administrator processor 8 is a dial-up telephone line as opposed to a dedicated link. Therefore, in FIG. 9, the administrator processor 8 is not connected. The system of this example also includes one collector 7 and one manager 6. In this example, the manager 6 only communicates with the collector 7. The collector 7 communicates with the monitor via the message processors 5. One PBX includes a collection device 17, with which the collector 7 communicates. Customer B has two PBXs connected by a tie trunk 3. Customer A is connected by two tie trunks 3 to two central offices.
The message processor may be implemented on one or more microprocessors. The message processor is a high performance computing apparatus designed to reside in a telephone company central office. The hardware is designed to be mounted in either a 19" or 23" rack housing double eurocard (9.2" high by 6.4" deep) VME bus plug in cards which are bused in a manner that permits a modular building block approach to system expansion. The VME bus uses a VME standard which consists of a standard I/O bus for data transfer of memory and I/O. The message processor may use a 16 bit I/O transfer method, as known to those skilled in the art. A P2 connector is used for a SCSI bus and optionally for a full 32 bit transfer if necessary. These boards are multi-layer to allow for maximum density and noise immunity. Each board has one or two bus connectors and a 0.8" to 1.6" wide by 10.3" high metal front panel.
The architecture includes a number of plug in cards mounted in a 19 or 23 inch shelf. FIG. 15 shows the message processor's hardware architecture. One possible CPU card 60 is a Motorola 68EC030 based microcomputer board in a 3U form factor. A side card 62 also in a 3U form factor is attached to a primary board and contains a SCSI controller and an MC68302 to handle communications protocols. Equivalent components my be substituted, as would be known to one of ordinary skill.
The message processor CPU card 60 is based on a 32 bit external 68EC030 processor operating at 25 MHz. This processor provides the message processor with significant data handling capability. One or 4M bytes of dynamic RAM is available for program execution and temporary storage. A plurality of VLSI chips provide the full VME bus capability including arbitration, interrupt generation and handling, and data block transfers. Preferably, two full duplex, asynchronous, RS-232 ports are accessed through RJ-11 connectors on a front panel of the CPU board.
The side card 62 is connected to the bottom of the CPU card by a modular connector. The side card my be directly below the CPU card when they are mounted in the message processor shelf. This card supports the central office switch interface and my therefore have several variations. Referring now to FIG. 16, it should include a NCR 700 series or equivalent SCSI disk controller 60 capable of working in a simplex or mirrored disk environment, a real time clock providing calendar and clock functionality, up to 32 kbyte of battery backed CMOS static RAM 62 and a software controlled watchdog timer 64. The side card has a MC68302 processor to handle communication protocols including ISDN/BRI OB+D, X.25 LAP D and a single port on the front panel of the board providing ISDN for the 5ESS switch and X.25 LAP A communications for the 1AESS switch. Also included are a state machine 70, command register 72, alarm timer 74, and bus gasket 76.
Storage is provided on a disk 64. A standard 3.5" SCSI hard disk such as known to those of ordinary skill in the art is provided. The disk is mounted on a commercially available size, two width (1.6"), double eurocard module. The SCSI interface uses the P2 connector to communicate between the CPU board and a disk subsystem. Disk drives of 60, 100, and 210 MB are used, depending on required storage capacity. Up to three disk subsystems (for a total of four) can be added to the system to increase storage capacity. Other standard size drives could be substituted. Each hard disk subsystem is placed in the chassis in a predesignated slot (simplex versus mirrored) and contains LED indicators showing disk activity and a fault light that indicates that the CPU has determined that the drive is no longer reliable. Disks can be removed/inserted into a running system.
A X.25 communications controller card 700, as known to those of ordinary skill, provides a minimum of one port supporting up to 56 kbps via X.25 LAP B. Front panel status and fault indicators report controller activity and board failure.
An ISDN communications controller board 720, as known to those of ordinary skill, provides a minimum of one port of ISDN Basic Rate Interface capability over 2B+D channels. The board contains a front panel failure indicator.
As shown in FIG. 17, a Multi-modem card 660 supports three 2400 baud modems 80 (CCITT standard V.22 bis) using a MC68302 82. RJ-11 connectors and LEDs of modem activity and failure indicator are located on the front panel. Up to 8 total modem cards (multi and high speed) can be supported by a single message processor system. Also included are a state machine interface 84, a state machine with dual port memory 86, a command register 88, an interruption module state machine 90, and local processor I/O and memory 92.
A standard High Speed modem card, as known to those of ordinary skill, has two 9600 baud, MNP 5 modems (CCITT V.32 standard) to provide high speed access to users of the system. LED indicators of modem activity and board failure are located on the front panel.
The cards are mounted in the message processor shelf which contains a VME backplane, 48 VDC power converter, power switch, alarm status/connections, and mechanically holds all plug in cards. A front cover completely encloses all cabling in the unit. The shelf is 21" high, 17.5" wide and 11" deep and mounts in a standard 19" or 23" wide rack. A shelf houses up to 20 slots. The minimum message processor system size is:
______________________________________CPU 1 slotDisk subsystem 2 slotsMulti-modem 1 slot(3 @ 2400 baud)Total 4 slots______________________________________
The message processor shelf power requirement is -42V to -60V supplied by 48 volt CO battery power. A DC to DC converter is mounted in the shelf to supply regulated +5 VDC and .+-.12 VDC.
An alarm board provides critical, major and minor alarm signals (relay contact closures) as generated by various system components. It is mounted at the top of the shelf.
The message processor can also be implemented as software running on a microprocessor. The microprocessor should run an operating system which performs multi-tasking. One suitable microprocessor is the 68030 processor on the CPU card under a multi-tasking operating system. A suitable operating system is Microware System's Corporation OS-9.RTM. operating system, a modular multitasking and multi-user operating system for the Motorola 68000 family of processors. The suitable operating system allows the message processor to be readily configured for use in any type of system from small single-board computers to large multi-user systems.
It is further preferable that the operating system has a kernel providing multi-tasking, interprocess communication, memory management, and input-output, and a set of utilities for housekeeping, management and customization of software. OS-9 consists of the kernel (which provides multi-tasking, inter-process communication, memory management and input-output) and a set of utilities (for housekeeping, management and customization of the software environment). Its system interfaces are very similar to those of the UNIX.RTM. operating system.
The message processor may be implemented as a set of processes, each of which carries out a specific function. FIG. 10 shows the major processes, with arrows indicating called processes. OS-9's multi-tasking environment allows these processes to work in parallel while communicating via messages; in the preferred implementation, the software generally uses named pipes to carry a plurality of inter-process messages. Table 1 lists the message processor software processes along with a description of each processes' function. (In the following tables, administrator processor is abbreviated as AP, and message processor is abbreviated as MP.) Processes which are not shown are not directly called from other processes.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Message Processor ProcessesProcess Name Element Description__________________________________________________________________________Installation Process A1 The Installation Process starts the processes necessary to allow the AP to download MP executable software and data to the MP and disk.Initialization Process A2 The Initialization Process is responsible for starting certain MP processes that run continuously (e.g. Switch Interface).Database Update Notifier A3 The Database Update Notifier is responsible for notifying processes that a database update has occurred.MDR File Manager A4 The MDR File Manager is responsible for initializing the MDR file system and for adding and removing Customer MDR Files.Switch Interface A5 The Switch Interface receives MDRs from a telephone switch, translates them to the customer's MDR format, and stores them in the appropriate Customer MDR file.Statistics Process A6 The Statistics Process is responsible for the periodic gathering of MDR file statistics and the initialization/termination of records in the MP Statistics File and the Customer Statistics Files.Communications Configurer A7 The Communications Configurer is responsible for configuring the various ports used by Customer Premises Interfaces, setting up customer log-ins on the MP, and for executing Customer Premises Interfaces on the appropriate ports.Single Direct Customer A8 The Single Direct Customer PremisesPremises Interface Interface immediately transmits MDRs to a single customer.Multiple Direct Customer A9 The Multiple Direct Customer PremisesPremises Interface Interface immediately transmits MDRs to multiple customers.Customer Premises Scheduler A10 The Customer Premises Interface executesInterface Scheduler the Scheduled Customer Premises Interface at previously scheduled times.Scheduled Customer A11 The Customer Premises Interface transmitsPremises Interface MDRs to customer premises at previously scheduled intervals.Polled Customer Premises A12 The Customer Premises Interface sendsInterface MDRs to the customer at the customer's initiation.Kermit File Builder A13 The Kermit File Builder reads MDRs from Customer MDR Files and places them in Discovery Files for Kermit to transfer to a Discovery/Centrex product.Alarm Interface A14 The Alarm Interface sends alarm messages to the alarm port on the AP.Kermit Login Process A17 The Kermit Login Process is responsible for allowing login using kermit protocol.AP Interface A18 The AP Interface is responsible for interfacing to the Administrator Processor.Errored MDR Reprocessor (not The Errored MDR Reprocessor reads MDRs shown) from the Errored MDR File and attempts to determine the Customer MDR File in which to write them.Overflow MDR Reprocessor (not The Overflow MDR Reprocessor reads shown) MDRs from the Overflow MDR File for a customer and attempts to write them to the Customer MDR File for the customer.MP Data Loader (not The MP Data Loader is responsible for shown) loading formatted ASCII data into the MP data files.MP Data Unloader (not The MP Data Unloader is responsible for shown) converting data from MP data files into formatted ASCII data.MP Data Entry Process (not The MP Data Entry Process is an interactive shown) process that formats MP data file contents for viewing and allows entry of data into MP data files on an item-by-item basis.MP Pipe Message Generator (not The MP Pipe Message Generator is a process shown) that creates and sends pipe messages to processes. Its primary purpose is to create pseudo messages for testing.__________________________________________________________________________
It will readily be appreciated that many variations of the assignment of functionality are possible to the skilled designer.
This disclosure herein describes one embodiment of the invention where the message processor collects an MDR from an AT&T 5ESS.RTM. switch and delivers it in one of the selected formats.
We will now describe the steps involved in collecting an MDR from the switch 1 and delivering it to the customer's manager 6. The message processor 5 is first involved when a call on the switch 1 has been completed and the MDR prepared by the switch. The 5ESS switch transmits the MDR data on a ISDN link using D channel packetized data. As the receiver 42, the Switch Interface process A5 retrieves the record from the X.25 packet assembler/disassembler. As the reformatter 44, it then examines the MDR to determine which customer's MDR was received and converts it into the desired output format, for example, Ameritech Call Detail Recording System or Bellcore AMA Format, selected for that customer. The reformatted MDR is then written into one of a series of disk files on disk 46. Preferably, the disk file is suitable for later transmission using a file transfer communications protocol, such as Kermit. The statistics for the switch and that customer are updated. The Switch Interface process is described in more detail below.
The reformatted MDRs can be read from the disk file. The MDRs are read and transmitted by the transmitter when the central site system, for example the customer's manager, calls the message processor to initiate a polled transfer. The operating system and hardware automatically answer the call and allow a log-on. When the message processor answers the call and the customer logs on, the Kermit Login Process A17 is activated. The Kermit login process is also described in more detail herein.
The message processor must collect statistics which are used, for example, to ensure that an adequate number of communications links are available to handle switch to message processor MDR traffic and to decide when more links should be added. Therefore, in this embodiment, a Statistics Process A6 acts as a statistics collector and collects statistics for use in producing management reports for the telephone company. The Statistics process runs on a scheduled basis and periodically, for example, each hour transmits a request to send statistics for the previous time period to the Switch Interface process and Kermit File Builder processes (as well as to all single direct customer premises interfaces A8 and multi-direct customer premises interfaces A9). Periodically, the administrator processor should log on to each message processor and collect statistics. Statistics my be collected by translation intoASCIi and transmitted by the message processor Data Unloader process.
The message processor is configurable for the specific switch 1. The type of switch with which the message processor will be used is specified to the administrator processor and then downloaded via a communications line. This allows the message processor software specific to a type of switch to be downloaded from the administrator processor and updated easily if switch software changes, or the MDR format to be modified by the administrator processor.
When the message processor leaves the factory, the OS-9 operating system is in ROM and the Installation Process A1 is on the hard disk. When the message processor is turned on for the first time, the Installation Process A2 initializes modem software and then starts a known OS-9 tsmon process which enables an administrator processor communications port for login purposes. The administrator processor logs onto the message processor and uses the OS-9 command interpreter to run utility programs to download the software and update database records as needed. After an initial installation of software, the Initialization Process A2 is started. Subsequently, it will be started automatically when the message processor is restarted.
The Switch Interface process is described with reference to the flow chart in FIG. 11. At step 100, the Switch Interface process starts when it is initiated by the Initialization Process A2. At step 101, the 5ESS version of this software first initializes an ISDN packet driver by calling a known ss.sub.-- opt() and a known isdn.sub.-- cfg() functions. The ISDN packet driver is the interface to the MDRs from the 5ESS which are carried as ISDN D channel packet data. (The DMS-100.TM. version of this process is described later). Next, at step 102, a named pipe is created using the known open() system call to receive commands. At step 103, the customer database is read and a customer information list entry built for each customer. The statistic counters are then initialized at step 104. The final initialization step, 105, is to initialize the MDR file interface by using known operating system calls to establish the Switch Interface process as a writer for the files, and to establish the linkages between customers and their MDR files.
At step 106, the Switch Interface process then waits to receive either an MDR from the switch or an IPC message from another process. Then, at step 107, the Switch interface process determines whether it received an MDR or an IPC message.
If an MDR was received, at step 115, MDRs are read from the ISDN packet driver by the MDR Reader which increments the count of MDRs received from the switch and checks to see if the MDR contains a valid customer ID. MDRe which are in error as determined in step 107a are stored so that they my be reprocessed after the error is fixed. Therefore, there may be an Errored MDR file to store MDRs which are in error. Furthermore, there may also be a file, for example, an errc.dat file, for storing a small number of MI)Rs which are in error. The file my be examined by an operator, so that the operator can determine the cause of the error, and then can fix the cause of the error. Therefore, if an error was returned by the MDR Reader, as determined in step 107a, a check is done to see if the Errored MDR files are full at step 116. If not, the Errored MDR Handler is called at step 118 to write a copy of the MDR (as received from the switch) to the Errored MI)R File and another copy to the errc.dat file if this file contains less than 25 MDRs. If an error was not returned from the MDR Reader, the MDR writer is called at step 108.
The MDR Writer's logic is described with reference to FIG. 12. At step 200, the MDR writer starts when it is called from the Switch Interface process. At step 201, it extracts the Customer ID and MI)R type from the MDR received from the switch. At step 202, it uses these to look up the MDR conversion routine for that customer and switch and, at step 203, checks to see if there was an error. If not, at step 204 the conversion routine just looked up is called to convert the MDR into the output format selected for the customer owning the MDR. At step 216, if the conversion was successful, (no errors found in step 205 and no overflow detected at step 206) the MDR is written to the customer MDR file and, at step 209, the MDR writer returns with a success status. If writing that MDR would have caused an overflow, at step 207, the Overflow Handler is called to write the MDR to the overflow file and, at step 208, the MDR Writer returns with an overflow status code. At step 210, if step 205 determined that there were errors finding the conversion routine or converting the MDR to the customer's format, the switch error count for the period is incremented. At step 211, if the incremented error count exceeds the threshold, the Alarm Handler is called. The Alarm Handler sends the error message to the Alarm Interface process. If the errored MDR queue is not full, as determined in step 212, at step 215, the Errored MDR Handler is called to write the MDR to the errored MDR file and, at step 213, the MDR writer returns with an Errored status.
Continuing after returning from the MDR writer at step 121 in FIG. 11, the status code is checked to see if the write was successful. If so, at step 114, a per customer MDR counter is incremented. If an Errored or Overflow status was returned, at step 110, an error counter or, at step 112, an overflow counter for the current period is incremented and the Error Logger is called at step 111 to write an error message to the error logging system. The Switch Interface process then loops to step 106 to read the next MDR or IPC message.
Referring now to FIG. 11, if step 107 determined that the Switch Interface process received an IPC message at step 106, at step 117 it tests the message code in the IPC message. If the message was a Database change message, the Switch Interface process branches to repeat a portion of its initialization starting with reading in the modified database at step 103. If the message was a Send Statistics request, the transaction data information collected during the statistics collection period is sent to the Statistics Process in an IPC message at step 119 and then an end of statistics message is sent at step 122 to indicate the end of statistics data. The Switch Interface process then loops to read the next MDR or IPC message at step 106. If the message was a Stop message, the Switch Interface process exits at step 120.
In the case of the DMS-100, the MDR data is transmitted from the switch on either an asynchronous RS-232 interface that can be used to print the MDR or on a Pertec 9-track tape drive interface that can also be used to connect to an automatic message accounting data accumulator or a tape drive. Therefore, MDRs can be collected by simulation of these devices. In the DMS-100 version of Switch Interface process, the call to initialize the ISDN packet driver at step 101 is replaced with a call to initialize a communication port. The MDR Reader then reads the MDR from the communications port instead of from the ISDN Packet driver.
Tables 7(a)-(e) describe MDR formats some of which are used by the message processor. Tables 7(a)-(c) describe reformatted MDRs, while Tables 7(d) and (e) describe MDR formats from the switch. The Bellcore AMA Format (BAF) was primarily intended for storing call billing information for use in billing telephone subscribers. The BAF has a modular design with separate modules for various purposes as shown in FIG. 7(a). Several of the existing BAF modules and a few additional ones were selected for use in MDR as shown in Table 7(b). MDR formats are determined by the type of switch to which the message processor is connected. Two popular kinds of switches are the AT&T 5ESS and the Northern Telecom DMS-100 whose MDR formats are shown in Table 7(d) and Table 7(e) respectively. The conversion routines called at step 204 in the MDR writer convert the MDR from the MDR format into the selected reformatted MDR.
TABLE 7__________________________________________________________________________MDR FormatsTable 7(a) Bellcore AMA Format Structure ClassificationStructure Code Classification Structure Code Classification Structure Code Classification Structure Classification__________________________________________________________________________ 1 AMA 96 AMA 368 AMA 664 AMA 2 AMA 97 AMA 369 AMA 665 AMA15 AMA 101 AMA 500 AMA 670 ISDN16 AMA 105 AMA 501 AMA 671 ISDN19 AMA 115 AMA 502 AMA 674 ISDN20 AMA 120 AMA 503 AMA 675 ISDN21 AMA 125 AMA 614 AMA 685 ISDN24 AMA 127 AMA 615 AMA 686 ISDN25 AMA 128 AMA 616 AMA 691 ISDN27 AMA 135 AMA 625 AMA 692 ISDN28 AMA 140 AMA 627 AMA 693 ISDN35 AMA 141 AMA 629 AMA 694 ISDN54 AMA 179 AMA 631 AMA 695 ISDN68 AMA 190 AMA 633 AMA 696 ISDN76 AMA 194 AMA 635 AMA 800-999 BOC79 AMA 360 AMA 645 AMA 40001 MDR80 AMA 361 AMA 647 AMA 40079 MDR86 AMA 362 AMA 653 AMA 40670 ISDN87 AMA 363 AMA 654 AMA 40674 ISDN92 AMA 364 AMA 655 AMA 40693 ISDN93 AMA 365 AMA 656 AMA 40695 ISDN94 AMA 366 AMA 657 AMA95 AMA 367 AMA 662 AMA__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 7(b)______________________________________Bellcore AMA Format ModulesModule Classi-Code fication Description______________________________________ 0 AMA Terminating Module Code20 AMA Carrier Access Terminating21 AMA Carrier Access Originating22 AMA Long Duration Call23 AMA WATS24 AMA PSDS25 AMA Circuit Seizure/Release900-999 AMA Reserved for BOC Use70 ISDN Core Module71 ISDN Abbreviated Module72 ISDN Daily Aggregated Service Event73 ISDN Basic Business Group74 ISDN EKTS Capabilities75 ISDN Call Pickup76 ISDN Terminating Access Service77 ISDN Terminating User Service78 ISDN Calling Number Identification79 ISDN Early Cut Through101 MDR Digits Dialed102 MDR Authorization Code103 MDR Account Code105 MDR Message Detail Recording106 MDR Facility Identification107 MDR Business Features______________________________________
TABLE 7(c)______________________________________Ameritech Call Detail Recording System MDR formatRecordPosition Description/Value______________________________________Tie Trunk Calls1 "A"2-7 Date of Call8 Space9-13 Time of Call14 Space15-22 Duration of Call23 Space24-26 Originating NPA27-29 Originating NXX30-33 Originating Line Number34 Space35-37 Call Code38 Space39 Call Type40 Dial Indicator41 Space42-65 Dialed Digits66 Space67-80 Account/CDAR Codes81 ASCII Carriage Return82 ASCII Line FeedNon-Tie Trunk Calls1 "A"2-7 Date of Call8 Space9-13 Time of Call14 Space15-22 Duration of Call23 Space24-26 Originating NPA27-29 Originating NXX30-33 Originating Line Number34 Space35-37 Call Code38 Space39 Call Type40 Dial Indicator41 WATS Band42 Space43-45 Terminating NPA46-48 Terminating Nxx49-52 Terminating Line Number53-56 Terminating Number Expansion57 Space58-60 Carrier Identification61-66 Spaces67-80 Account/CDAR Codes81 ASCII Carriage Return82 ASCII Line Feed______________________________________
TABLE 7(d)______________________________________5ESS Switch MDR FormatsBytes Description______________________________________Incoming Private4 Switch Client2 Business Customer ID1 Feature Identification1 Length1 Message Type1 Call Event Code1 Feature Interaction Code1 ARS Pattern Group1 Facility Restriction Level1 Answer Indicator1 Incoming Facility Type1 Outgoing Facility Type2 Incoming Facility Group No.2 Incoming Facility Group Member Number2 Outgoing Facility Group No.2 Outgoing Facility Group Member Number4 Answer Time4 End of Dialing Time2 Date of Call16 Called Number2 Fill Field1 Information Transfer Mode1 Fill FieldOriginating Private4 Switch Client2 Business Customer ID1 Feature Identification1 Length1 Message Type1 Call Event Code1 Feature Interaction Code1 ARS Pattern Group1 Facility Restriction Level1 Answer Indicator1 Incoming Facility Type1 Outgoing Facility Type2 Incoming Facility Group No.2 Incoming Facility Group Member Number2 Outgoing Facility Group No.2 Outgoing Facility Group Member Number4 Elapsed Time4 Answer Time4 Disconnect Time4 End of Dialing Time4 End of Outpulsing Time2 Date of Call10 Calling Number16 Called Number15 Authorization Code15 Account Code5 Access Code1 Fill Field1 Information Transfer ModePublic4 Switch Client2 Business Customer ID1 Feature Identification1 Length1 Message Type1 Call Event Code1 Feature Interaction Code1 ARS Pattern Group1 Facility Restriction Level1 Answer Indicator1 Incoming Facility Type1 Fill Field2 Incoming Facility Group No.2 Incoming Facility Group Member Number4 Elapsed Time4 Answer Time4 Disconnect Time4 End of Dialing Time4 End of Outpulsing Time2 Date of Call10 Calling Number16 Called Number15 Authorization Code15 Account Code5 Access Code3 Carrier Identification2 Fill Field1 Information Transfer Mode1 Fill Field______________________________________
TABLE 7(e)______________________________________DMS-100 Switch MDR FormatBytes Description______________________________________Basic Record2 Record Code3 Customer Group Number1 Origination Type12 Origination ID2 Info Digits 1 & 21 Subgroup1 Termination Type12 Termination ID1 Route Info Digit3 Date6 Time6 Elapsed Time1 Originating Feature Code1 Terminating Feature Code12 Called Digits (Record type D1, D2, D3, D4)12 Called Digits (Record type D3, D4)Extension Record: Digits as Outpulsed2 Record Code (=D5)23 Digits Outpulsed1 Digits MissingExtension Record:Account or Authorization Codes2 Record Code (=D6)1 Record Type1 Spare14 Account or Authorization Code______________________________________
The system uses an asynchronous communications protocol for transferring files from one computer to another. Kermit is an appropriate protocol; others would include, for example, Z-modem. It checks for errors and re-transmits erroneous packets. Several kinds of file transfers, for example, transfers to the customer's manager using the ACDRS protocol and transfers of statistics to the administrator processor, are done using portions of the Kermit file transfer protocol developed and distributed by the Columbia University Center for Computing Activities. Kermit is used in a polling environment where a requesting computer running the client version of the Kermit protocol retrieves files from another computer running the server version of the protocol. In the Kermit transfer environment as it is used in the message processor, the client first requests a file with a known name (the pclist file). This file contains a list of filenames for the files to be transferred during the session. The list of message processor files to be transferred to a client is managed by the Kermit File Builder process.
The logic of the Kermit File Builder process is described in FIG. 13. The process first initializes by reading through a Customer Configuration table extracting a record for each Customer using Kermit, at step 301. If this is not the last customer, as determined in step 302, it then finds the disk with the largest amount of free disk storage at step 310 and builds a list of files for the customer at step 311. It then opens the MDR File for the customer at step 312. (This is the file into which the Switch Interface will simultaneously write MDR). It then opens the next Kermit file for the customer at step 313. (This is the file into which the Kermit File Builder process will write MDR). If all customers have been processed, as determined in step 302, the Kermit File Builder will then process IPC messages and MDR.
The Kermit File Builder reads either an MDR from a MDR File, or an Interprocess communications (IPC) message at step 303. If an MDR was read, as determined in step 304, it writes the MDR to the customer's Kermit file at step 305 and checks to see if that record filled the file at step 306. If not, the Kermit File Builder loops back to get the next MDR or IPC message at step 303. If the file was full, it closes that file at step 307 and adds the name of that file to the pclist file of files ready for transmission to the customer. It then opens the next Kermit file at step 309 and loops for the next MDR or IPC message at step 303.
If an IPC message was received, the predefined message code in the IPC is tested at steps 314, 316. If the code was a predefined code KFB.sub.-- Xfer.sub.-- ID, the Kermit transfer of files to the customer's manager has finished. The Kermit File Builder then sends statistics on the transfer to the Statistics Process at step 315. If the code was a predefined code Send.sub.-- Stats.sub.-- ID, the Kermit File Builder sends storage statistics on disk storage for each customer as well as the total to the Statistics Process at step 317. If the IPC Code is Database-Change-ID, control returns to step 303.
In the case of transferring files to a customer's manager, the manager 6 calls a message processor communications port and logs on using a userid and password assigned by the telephone company through the administrator processor. A script in a .login file, which is automatically run when a Kermit user logs on, starts by sending a polling message, for example, a KFB.sub.-- Poll.sub.-- ID IPC message, to the Kermit File Builder to request preparation of a pclist file for that customer. Thus, if at step 314 a Kermit File Builder Poll I.D. message is detected, the Kermit File Builder closes the file it is currently writing for that customer at step 318 and places its name into the pclist file at step 319 and wakes up the shell process running the requesting .login script at step 321. The .login script next invokes the Kermit program (in server mode) to transfer files to the customer and waits for Kermit to exit. The manager 6 first retrieves the pclist file and then retrieves each of the files named in it. When the last file has been transferred, the Kermit client signals completion and terminates the communication session. The Kermit server on the message processor then exits which wakes up a shell process running the .login script. The login script then sends an IPC message to the Kermit File Builder which causes the Kermit File Builder to read an xlist file to determine which files have been transferred and send the statistics to the Statistics Process as previously discussed. The .login script then logs out which frees the communication port for the next transfer.
If the files are to be sent to the collector 7 instead of directly to the manager, the process is similar to the manager calling the message processor.
Several processes are used to provide remote, centralized operations, administration and maintenance for the message processors operated by a telephone company. This is especially significant to telephone companies, as it enables them to run their network with a much smaller nun%her of personnel. The major areas that can be handled remotely are surveillance (i.e. the reporting of problems with the message processor or its interfaces), administration of message processor databases, updating the message processor software, and the analysis of data reporting the utilization of various message processor resources. These are handled both through message processor application software processes (e.g., the Alarm Interface process and the Statistics Process) and by utilities driven by the administrator processor over the communications line (e.g., the process and the message processor Data Entry Process). Generally, these remote activities are done by transferring a file (with a known filename) to the message processor or administrator processor where it is processed by the software.
The Alarm Interface process A14 is responsible for receiving alarm information from the IPC message queue and writing it to an Alarm File in the format shown in Table 2. The Alarm Interface process then uses a communications port to dial an administrator processor's Alarm Port and transfers the Alarm File to the administrator processor where it is entered into a database and telephone company personnel, for example, a System Administrator, are notified. Alarms should be always sent though the administrator processor's Alarm Port even if there is a dedicated connection to the administrator processor for transferring table data and statistics. The administrator processor's AlarmPort 701 has an Alarm Requestor 703 for requesting and receiving alarms from the message processor and an alarm transmitter 705 for transmitting the alarms to database and telephone company personnel.
TABLE 2______________________________________Alarm File FormatField Name Description______________________________________err.sub.-- er.sub.-- index MP identifiererr.sub.-- date.sub.-- time time of error occ.err.sub.-- pid process id of proc with errorerr.sub.-- proc.sub.-- type type of errored processerr.sub.-- severity error severityerr.sub.-- code error id codeerr.sub.-- mdrs no. unprocessed MDRserr.sub.-- desc desc of error from MPerr.sub.-- type alarm (A) or error msg (E)______________________________________
The Statistics Process A6 is responsible for requesting and collecting statistics from the processes that communicate with the switch and the customers. The Statistics Process is started by the Initialization Process and then runs on a scheduled basis. When a collection period ends, the Statistics Process sends a message to the other processes to signal them to send their current statistics and begin keeping statistics for the next collection period. The statistics are written to one of three statistics files as they are received from the IPC message queue.
A message processor Statistics File contains statistics on the overall message processor and the switch interface. Most of this information is collected by the Switch Interface process as it processes MDRs received from the switch and is counted at steps 110, 112, 114 into cells of a data structure that is sent to the Statistics Process when requested at the end of each statistics collection period. Each record in the file as shown in Table 3(b) below is copy of that structure.
A Customer Transfer Statistics File contains statistical information on MDRs transferred to a customer during a polling session or during a statistics collection period. The format of the information in the Customer Transfer Statistics file is shown in Table 3(a) below. This information is collected by the Kermit File Builder and sent to the Statistics Process upon request. Certain aperiodic processes (i.e. the Scheduled Customer Premises Interface and Polled Customer Premises Interface processes) will send statistics without being prompted when they have completed a transmission session. The Statistics Process consolidates information from these sources and prepares them for transmission to the administrator processor. The administrator processor has a statistics requestor 707 for requesting and receiving statistics from the message processor.
TABLE 3(a)______________________________________Customer Transfer Statistics File FormatA BField Contents______________________________________cts.sub.-- cust.sub.-- index Identifies the Customercts.sub.-- start Time the transfer startedcts.sub.-- end Time the transfer finishedcts.sub.-- tran.sub.-- type Type of MDR transfercts.sub.-- mdr.sub.-- sent Total MDR's sent to the customer______________________________________
TABLE 3(b)______________________________________MP Statistics File FormatA BField Contents______________________________________mps.sub.-- start start time for transaction periodmps.sub.-- end stop time for transaction periodmps.sub.-- sw.sub.-- trans total MDR's read from switchmps.sub.-- err.sub.-- cnt number of errored MDR's read from switchmps.sub.-- filter-count total MDR's ignoredmps.sub.-- err.sub.-- time time last errored MDR was readmps.sub.-- bad.sub.-- cust number of MDR's with a bad customer idmps.sub.-- bad.sub.-- size number of MDR's with wrong lengthmps.sub.-- bad.sub.-- fld number of MDR's with bad data fieldsmps.sub.-- mdr.sub.-- stor total MDR's stored in filesmps.sub.-- mdr.sub.-- size MDR disk usagemps.sub.-- mp.sub.-- stat MP operational statusmps.sub.-- overflow.sub.-- count total MDR's stored in the Overflow MDR File______________________________________
TABLE 3(c)______________________________________Customer Storage Statistics File FormatA BField Contents______________________________________css.sub.-- cust.sub.-- index identifies the customercss.sub.-- start.sub.-- line start time for statistics periodcss.sub.-- end-time stop time for statistics periodcss.sub.-- sw.sub.-- mdrs total MDR's read from switch for customercss.sub.-- dks.sub.-- mdrs total MDR's written to disk for customercss.sub.-- max-fsize maximum Cust. MDR File size reached______________________________________
When the administrator processor 8, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, needs to update the message processor's tables, a communicator, such as an Administrator Processor Interface (APIF) 81 (the administrator processor process responsible for managing message processor communications) uses an administrator processor communications port 83 to dial the message processor communications port and log on using an administrative userid. When OS-9 accepts the logon, it runs the shell command interpreter. The APIF then uses the shell to execute a sequence of shell commands to do the update. The message processor Data Loader (not shown) is invoked to add information to message processor tables. The message processor Data Loader process reads ASCII records from its standard input (which are sent by the APIF) and loads them into the message processor table or data file as specified by the APIF. When it reaches the end of the file, the message processor Data Loader will print a success message on its standard output (which will be read by the APIF) and exit. The APIF then invokes the Database Update Notifier process which sends a database.sub.-- change IPC message to each process using the updated database. This would be received by the Switch Interface process and handled by repeating the portion of the Switch Interface process' initialization beginning at step 103 as described above.
The administrator processor 8 is a centrally located system used to create and maintain system configuration and user profile information for the central-office located message processors. The administrator processor's software may advantageously use the UNIX operating system which runs on various commercially available workstations. The preferred hardware embodiment is the Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPARCstation IPC workstation. This is a RISC based workstation with a 16 inch color monitor, 12 MByte RAM and a 207 Mbyte internal SCSI disk drive. As the reader will recognize, the administrator processor software could run on other hardware.
The administrator processor software preferably runs under a version of the UNIX operating system available from Sun Micro Systems, SunOS 4.1.1. UNIX is a portable multiuser operating system originally developed by AT&T Bell Labs. A relational database 85 is used to store data on the configuration of the message processors and the customers they serve. This database is also used to hold the statistical data retrieved from the message processors. The operating system under which the system runs should permit the use of a relational database system which has a number of advantages including a powerful, flexible high level language for producing reports and a user friendly MMI 87. The database program used in the preferred embodiment of the administrator processor is SYBASE with its associated Report Workbench 89, and APT-EDIT 91 forms and menus tool although the reader will recognize other database systems could be used. APT-EDIT 91 functions as a forms generator shown in FIG. 19 as Forms Generator 709.
The processes within the administrator processor are described in Table 4 below. Most of the software of the administrator processor is driven by the user interface which is advantageously designed as a series of forms, produced by forms generator 709 that the user fills in. These forms provide selectors allowing the user to select, for example, a format from a plurality of selected formats or an MDR format from a plurality of switch or customer premise formats.
TABLE 4______________________________________Administrator Processor Software ModulesModuleName Description______________________________________Admin.sub.-- proc The main AP process. The user interface will be a part of this section along with additional scripts to schedule reports, view logs, handle report output, etc.Reports The various reports required for this system will be created in the Report.sub.-- Workbench, stored and executed from the Report.sub.-- Scheduler process.Report- This process accesses the database to determineScheduler which reports have recently been run and need to have their scheduling data updated. Note that the initial cron entry for a scheduled report will be taken care of by the report scheduling form.Transaction.sub.-- This process will access the appropriate MP atScheduler the times given in the transfer schedule table to accept transaction data and load it into the database.Time.sub.-- Keeper This process will send messages to the Transaction.sub.-- Scheduler to cause it to check for scheduled operations.Transaction.sub.-- This process will execute on a daily basis toPurger remove the transaction records that have exceeded their allowed time in the database.APIF This process will communicate with designated MPs to retrieve statistics, load software, and load/unload MP tables. Alarms from MPs will also go through this process.Alarm.sub.-- This process produces a real time notification ofDisplay alarm messages on the screen if required.______________________________________
Table 5, below, shows the hierarchy of forms in the administrator processor. At a highest level, a main window is displayed when a user logs on and the application is first accessed. The main window shows a choice of four options and the user selects one depending on the task to be performed. As three levels of additional security are provided through the database system, the user is prevented from seeing fields or forms he is not authorized to use. Any appropriate number of levels of security can be employed.
TABLE 5__________________________________________________________________________AP Forms HierarchyOption Form Selection Sec Windows Action Description__________________________________________________________________________Table System Access Customer Form Update DB Defines MP and Customers for aMaintenance Customer particular company Customer Transfer Update DB Defines message transfer schedules Schedule Form Transfer.sub.-- Schedule for customers polled by the MP MP Company Form Update DB Stores information on a particular Customer company AP User Form Update DB Defines the users that can access the AP User AP including login ID, password and permissions System AP Destinations Update DB Defines destinations for sending Configuration Form AP Destinations reports AP Parameters Form Update DB Defines AP parameters such as the AP Table number of days to store historical data, dedicated alarm port, dial-up number, baud rate AP Ports Form Update DB Defines each port and its parameters AP Ports for communicating with MPs MP Parameters Update DB Defines MP specific parameters (e.g. MP Table MP name, loaction, message storage capacity) MP Switch Interface Update DB Defines MP port used to connect MP Ports to switch MP-AP Interface Update DB Defines MP port used to connect to AP MP Alarm Interface Update DB Defines MP port used for delivery of alarms MP Ports Update DB Defines MP ports used to deliver MDRTransaction Process Call Reprocess Overflow Appl Function Requests reprocessing of overflowedProcessing Information MDR MDR on a specific MP Form Delete Overflow Appl Function Requests the deletion of overflowed MDRs MDR on a specific MP Reprocess Error Appl Function Requests reprocessing of error MDR MDR on a specific MP Reprocess Error Appl Function Requests the deletion of error MDR MDR on a specific MP Immediate MP Appl Function Requests immediate connection to Connection a MP to update tables. View Error Appl Function View errored MDR sent to Records APReports Table Reports System Access Customer Report DB Report Report on all customers Reports Customer DB Report Reports the transfer schedule for Transfer each customer from every MP Schedule Report Company Report DB Report Report on all companies served by MPs AP User Report Reports on AP Users with userid and permissions System Configuration AP Destinations DB Report Reports on AP report destinations Reports Report AP Parameters DB Report Report on AP Parameters Report AP Ports Report DB Report Lists AP ports and their configurations MP Parameters DB Report Reports on MP parameters (MP Report name, Location, disk capacity, switch type and format, thresholds MP Ports Report DB Report Reports on MP parameters (MP name, Location, disk capacity, switch type and format, thresholds MP Audit Report Application Report Report on discrepancies between AP database and tables stored in MPs. Transaction Transaction Detail DB Report Same as Transaction Summary Re- Reports Report port but also shows length of each transaction Transaction Summary DB Report Summarizes the number of records Report transferred and stored by MP and customer for a date range. Message Throughput DB Report Reports statistics on transfers between Report switches and MPs as well as between MPs and customer premises. Disk Capacity Detail DB Report Reports capacity and storage of Report MDRs for companies and MPs. Disk Capacity DB Report Same as Call Record Capacity Detail Summary Report Report except summarized by MP. Error Reports System Alarm Report DB Report Reports alarms that have occurred for specific MPs and time ranges. MDR Error Report DB Report Reports errors that would prevent processing of MDR by specific MPs.System Report List Schedule Report DB Report Lists currently scheduled reports forMaintenance Scheduler a given use View Log Files Appl Function View application log files for trouble- shooting purposes DB Backup or Backup AP User Database Function Backs up database of user information Recovery Database and system tables. Backup Application Database Function Backs up AP application relations Database Backup Transaction Database Function Backs up just SYBASE transaction Log logs Clear Transaction Database Function Clears out SYBASE transaction logs. Log Restore Database Database Function Instructions on how to restore the AP application database. Restore Transaction Database Function Instructions on how to reprocess Log transactions to bring database up to date.__________________________________________________________________________
If either administrator processor data or message processor data are to be changed, the Table Maintenance options is selected. Each of the forms was created using a commercially available edit tool known as the SYBASE APT-EDIT tool. When the user needs to enter data into a field, help windows are displayed where appropriate to allow selection from a list of valid values. If not, input is validated by:
Testing against values in a relation
Testing against other values in the form to ensure consistency
Testing against a range of valid values
Testing against a set of discrete values (e.g. `Y`, `N`, or 1, 4, 5)
Testing against a pattern of allowed input.
When the user completes entering (or updating) data on a database update form, the data is entered into the appropriate relation in the database. In Table 5 below, the Action column specifies the name of the main relation (in italics) that is to be updated in any of the Table Maintenance option forms. Table 6, below shows the administrator processor database relations.
TABLE 6______________________________________AP Database Relations Type/Field Name Length Description______________________________________MP Table RelationThis table is the primary source of informationon an MP.mp.sub.-- index int MP index (1-500)mp.sub.-- name char(20) name of the MPmp.sub.-- loc char(20) MP locationmp.sub.-- fname char(10) MP contact first namemp.sub.-- lname char(20) MP contact last namemp.sub.-- phone char(20) MP contact phonemp.sub.-- timezone int MP timezone - like Unixmp.sub.-- dst char(1) Daylight Savings Time usedmp.sub.-- bill.sub.-- day int Reserved for future usemp.sub.-- sw.sub.-- fmt char(8) MP switch formatmp.sub.-- sw.sub.-- prot char(8) MP switch protocolmp.sub.-- upd int AP updates MP - day bit mapmp.sub.-- up.sub.-- time int AP updates MP - hourmp.sub.-- mdr.sub.-- cap int MDR cap in MBmp.sub.-- ovfl.sub.-- cap int overflow capacity in MBmp.sub.-- err.sub.-- cap int error file capacity in MBmp.sub.-- err.sub.-- thresh int error threshold countmp.sub.-- err.sub.-- pe int threshold count period (minutes)mp.sub.-- ap.sub.-- con.sub.-- typ char(1) AP connection type (D/P)mp.sub.-- alarm.sub.-- prefix char(30) prefix for alarm callsMessage Transaction RelationThis relation stores statistics on transfers fromthe MP to Managercts.sub.-- mp.sub.-- index int MP identifier (1-500)cts.sub.-- cust.sub.-- index int cust id (1-500)cts.sub.-- start datetime start stats periodcts.sub.-- end datetime end stats periodcts.sub.-- tran.sub.-- type char(1) transfer type - D,S or Pcts.sub.-- mdrs.sub.-- sent int MDR sent to CPCustomer Storage RelationThis relation stores statistics relating to MDR storagefor a customer during a statistics collection period.css.sub.-- mp.sub.-- index int MP identifier (1-500)css.sub.-- cust.sub.-- index int cust id (1-500)css.sub.-- start datetime start stats periodcss.sub.-- end datetime end stats periodcss.sub.-- sw.sub.-- mdrs int MDRs read for custcss.sub.-- dsk.sub.-- mdrs int MDRs written to diskcss.sub.-- max.sub.-- fsize int max MDR file size for custMP Statistics RelationThis relation stores statistics on the overall MP.mps.sub.-- mp.sub.-- index int MP identifiermps.sub.-- start datetime start of trans periodmps.sub.-- end datetime end of trans periodmps.sub.-- sw.sub.-- trans int MDR read from switchmps.sub.-- err.sub.-- cnt int errored MDRs read inmps.sub.-- filter.sub.-- count int records filtered outmps.sub.-- err.sub.-- time datetime time of last errored MDRmps.sub.-- bad.sub.-- cust int no. MDRs with bad cust idmps.sub.-- bad.sub.-- size int no. MDRs with bad lengthmps.sub.-- bad.sub.-- fld int no. MDRs with bad data fldsmps.sub.-- mdr.sub.-- stor int tot MDRs stored in filesmps.sub.-- mdr.sub.-- size int MDR disk usagemps.sub.-- mp.sub.-- stat int MP statusmps.sub.-- overflow.sub.-- count int number recs in overflow areaSystem Errors RelationThis relation stores information on error messages.err.sub.-- mp.sub.-- index int MP identifiererr.sub.-- date.sub.-- time datetime time of error occ.err.sub.-- pid int process id of proc with errorerr.sub.-- proc.sub.-- type int type of errored processerr.sub.-- severity int error severityerr.sub.-- code int error id codeerr.sub.-- mdrs int no. unprocessed MDRserr.sub.-- desc char(255) desc of error from MPerr.sub.-- type char(1) alarm (A) or error msg (E)Customer RelationThis relation stores information on a customer.cust.sub.-- index int cust in MP (1-500)cust.sub.-- comp.sub.-- index int cust's companycust.sub.-- bci char(20) business cust id (MDR ID)cust.sub.-- bci.sub.-- 2 char(20) second alphanumeric bci fieldcust.sub.-- name char(20) customer namecust.sub.-- fname char(10) cust contact first namecust.sub.-- lname char(20) cust contact last namecust.sub.-- phone char(20) contact phone numbercust.sub.-- mp.sub.-- index int MP used by customer (1-500)cust.sub.-- dat.sub.-- tran char(1) data transfer method (P,D,S)cust.sub.-- port.sub.-- grp char(20) grp used to contact CPcust.sub.-- tran.sub.-- fmt char(10) transfer formatcust.sub.-- port.sub.-- name char(20) NOT USED -name of port to usecust.sub.-- protocol char(8) transfer protocolcust.sub.-- cp.sub.-- phone char(30) CP phone to connect to CA prdtcust.sub.-- cp.sub.-- user char(20) CP logincust.sub.-- passwd char(20) CP login passwordcust.sub.-- parity char(1) CP paritycust.sub.-- baud int CP baud ratecust.sub.-- stop int CP stop bitscust.sub.-- data int CP data bitscust.sub.-- flow char(1) CP flow control flag (Y/N)cust.sub.-- mp.sub.-- enabled char(1) MP enabled flag for custcust.sub.-- mp.sub.-- ovrfl char(1) MP handles overflow flagcust.sub.-- mp.sub.-- disk int MP disk alloc for cust MDRscust.sub.-- oth.sub.-- disk int NOT USED -MP alloc for other filesTransfer Schedule RelationThis relation stores the schedule for transfers to thecustomer's Manager.trns.sub.-- index int unique transaction id numbertrns.sub.-- cust.sub.-- index int customer index (1-500)trns.sub.-- mp.sub.-- index int MP index (1-500)trns.sub.-- day int day bit maptrns.sub.-- time int hour of transfer______________________________________
After changing message processor data, if the updated tables are to be sent to message processors affected by the change, the user can either wait until the next scheduled transfer of statistics or can cause the update to be transmitted immediately by using the Immediate Message Processor Connection form. This causes activation of the APIF process to collect data and transfer it to the indicated message processors.
The APIF uses a file transfer protocol, such as Kermit to transfer data stored in ASCII files, for example, the message processor table updates to the message processor. The APIF uses a commercially available command language tool, for example, Tool Command Language and EXPECT, created by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to communicate with a shell process on the message processor to invoke various programs, such as, the message processor Data Loader that use the data to update the message processor.
When it is necessary to audit the message processor to ensure that its tables match the data in the administrator processor's database, the APIF calls the message processor, logs on and uses the message processor data unloader to unload the data from message processor tables and stores it on the message processor's disk in ASCII format. When the message processor data unloader exits, the APIF uses the file transfer protocol, such as Kermit to retrieve the file. Once the file has been retrieved, the administrator processor compares it against an message processor configuration file prepared from the current database.
The administrator processor will periodically poll message processors for example, using statistics requestor 707 to retrieve transaction statistics data at times based on the schedule in the Transfer Schedule relation. When the time occurs, a process which schedules periodically run processes or programs, such as a UNIX cron process, invokes the APIF process specifying which message processor is to be polled. The APIF will call the message processor, logon and process as follows on the message processor:
1) Use the message processor Data Unloader program to get all transaction statistics records for each customer x (where x is a customer name from a Customer relation in the administrator processor database) and place the records into a results file. This is repeated for all customers on the message processor.
2) Retrieve the results file from the message processor using Kermit.
3) Logoff and disconnect the communications line.
Once the file is on the administrator processor, it is processed as follows:
1) The file is separated into three parts in file separator 711. The transaction records (from the MP's Customer Transfer Statistics file as shown in Table 3(a)), an overall message processor statistics record (from the message processor statistics file as shown in Table 3(b)) and a set of customer MDR storage statistics (from the Customer Storage Statistics file as shown in Table 3(c)).
2) The message processor statistics records are inserted into the message processor statistics relation.
3) The Customer Transfer Statistics and Customer Storage Statistics records are inserted into the Message Transaction Relation and the Customer Storage relation respectively, using the SYBASE bulk load utility.
4) After processing is complete, the original data file and any temporary files are removed from the administrator processor.
The statistics will subsequently be used in the reports produced by the Transaction Reports form. The Transaction Reports accessed from the Reports menu are predefined reports. They can be produced by using a commercially available database system, for example, by using the SYBASE REPORT WORKBENCH using SQL commands. For example, a Transaction Summary Report is produced using the following SQL statement:
SELECT mp.sub.-- name, cust.sub.-- name, cts.sub.-- date, cts.sub.-- tran.sub.-- type, css.sub.-- max.sub.-- fsize, cts.sub.-- mdrs.sub.-- sent, cts.sub.-- mdrs.sub.-- sent
FROM message.sub.-- transaction.sub.-- relation, customer.sub.-- storage.sub.-- relation, MP.sub.-- table.sub.-- relation, customer.sub.-- relation
WHERE cts.sub.-- mp.sub.-- index=mp.sub.-- index AND cts.sub.-- mp.sub.-- index=css.sub.-- mp.sub.-- index AND cts.sub.-- cust.sub.-- index=cust.sub.-- index AND cts.sub.-- cust.sub.-- index=css.sub.-- cust.sub.-- index AND cts.sub.-- start>=report start date AND cts.sub.-- start<=report end date
GROUP BY cts.sub.-- start, cts.sub.-- mp.sub.-- index, cts.sub.-- cust.sub.-- index
This uses the MDR storage statistics (in the Customer Storage Relation) with the statistics on MDRs transferred to the customer (in the Message Transaction Relation) for the basic information. The Message Processor Table Relation and Customer Relations are joined with these to produce human readable names for the message processor and customer. The age of transactions of interest is determined by the report start date and report end date parameters which are taken from the values the user enters in the Transaction Summary Report form. A user my be given authority to create a custom report using SQL, but would not typically be given the ability to modify the standard reports.
Alarm messages are sent to the administrator processor for immediate attention by the System Administrator, transmission to a surveillance Operations System, printing on a dedicated alarm printer and/or logging for later review. Alarms may be generated within the administrator processor or sent from a message processor using a file transfer protocol such as Kermit. The alarm message will be in the Alarm Message File in the format shown in Table 2 and will contain full information about the alarm or alarms, if several have accumulated. This data may be entered into the database in various ways. The information should also be entered into the System Errors Relation. A message, an alert, is then sent to the Alarm Display process 93, for example, as implemented in the Alarm Transmitter 705, so that it alerts the System Administrator to the new alarm. The alert uses a colored alarm icon if the System Administrator is using a graphics workstation or a text message (when the current form is exited) if an ASCII terminal is being used.
The collector typically manages the collection of call detail records from multiple message processors and Customer's PBX SMDR storage devices and store them in a file for each customer. Thus, it separates the MDRs by customer and transmits the records to Customer provided call-accounting systems for costing calls and producing management reports. The collector may process the MDRs itself and send costed MDR and/or the management reports to the customer. The collector advantageously has a Customer relational database with the appropriate information to maintain the operational, administrative, provisioning and billing of collector services as well as a transaction log of all Customer transactions.
The collector should have some or all of the following capabilities:
Collect MDRs from message processors;
Collect SMDR from PBXs or collection devices;
Provide a file storage system for MDR (Data Element Standard Storage File, DESS File);
Provide the ability to search, display and report on MDR in the Data Element Standard Storage File through a secure, flexible report writer;
Support a standard application interface for end user systems and/or manager systems to have access to the DESS file;
Provide a rating application to rate and re-rate MDRs using various rating algorithms and a multiple carrier services;
Provide the ability to rate MDRs in a real time environment to support the hospitality industry; Provide support for other applications to co-reside on the same platform or network and retrieve information from the DESS file;
Provide a secure method to access the collector through dial-up and network logins;
Report and transmit processed data, for example, rated records to users;
Report on consolidated network charges rolled-up according to the customer's organization structure;
Report and transmit traffic data and usage; and
Report and transmit errors and failures with data transfer, call detail collection, user transactions, system hardware, system power and system network, for integration to the telephone company.
The collector is advantageously based on a UNIX workstation. The preferred hardware embodiment is the Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPARCSTATION IPC workstation. (This is a RISC based workstation with a 16 inch color monitor, 8 MByte RAM and a 207 Mbyte internal SCSI disk drive.) The collector software could run on other hardware supporting the UNIX system.
The collector's application software runs under the UNIX operating system. UNIX is a portable multiuser operating system originally developed by AT&T Bell Labs. It is widely available on virtually every type of computer hardware allowing the collector's application software to be readily ported to another hardware platform. It is to be understood that the current invention comprises software running on other hardware platforms.
The collector application software is designed as a set of processes each of which carries out a specific function. It borrows portions of its design from that of the administrator processor including such capabilities as sending MDR to a customer's manager.
In addition, there should be other modules having other capabilities such as the MDR storage unit file (the DESS file) which acts as a server for all INFO MDR requests for call details. The DESS file is also the primary storage of all polled information from message processors, MDR from CPE systems and call records of manager sessions. The stored information is in flat files indexed by Company, Customer Name (Business ID), source location (message processor site) and date. Each file will maintain all of the call records for that day. The start time of the call will determine which day the record is stored in.
All information concerning the customer and the collector system is kept in a relational database called the Collector Customer Database.
We will now describe the steps involved in collecting MDR from a message processor, allocating them to files for each customer and then delivering them to the customer's manager. The collector polls message processors (step 2001) using Kermit and stores the files in the same format used by the message processor (the Bellcore AMA format (BAF) or the Ameritech Call Detail Recording System format (ACDRS) (step 2003). The collector will manage the transaction, initiate the poll and log the transaction statistics, such as number of call records transferred, into a relational database. This transaction information will be available to a flexible report writer for customer billing & statistical reports.
MDRS are rated (or the cost for a call calculated) by a Call Rating process (steps 2007, 2009). It provides analysis of traffic and cost information independent of the reporting structure necessary for Call Accounting. Cost and traffic analysis can be used to optimize carrier service selections and trunk loads for future capital investment. It may also be used to quickly determine unusual calling patterns and report on misuse, abuse or fraud. A call process rating receives DESS file call records, rates them and then stores the rated records in a separate relational database file (step 2011) which is to be used for subsequent analysis and reporting. It supports North American V & H rating, International V & H rating, International Meter Pulse rating and International Code Book rating for calls regardless of their point of origin or termination in the phone network.
The MDRs are delivered when the customer's manager polls the collector (step 2013).
The MDR can also be delivered in real-time and may also be rated prior to delivery to the customer. In this case, the call rating process receives individual call records from the DESS file rather than an entire file (step 2009) prior to rating and then passes each rated record to the real time delivery module (step 2015).
When the customer subscribes to the management reporting service, Management reports are produced. These are produced using the SYBASE flexible report writer with standard report procedures for analysis and/or summary reporting of the rated calls database. The reports are delivered to customer systems, for example General Ledge and Property Management systems through the available communication links. They can also be printed on the collector's printers and mailed to customers.
The collector my also collect statistics for use in producing management reports for the telephone company.
The collector sends reports, alarm messages or provisioning messages to a telephone company Operations Systems. This may advantageously be done using a Bellcore defined protocol carried on the LAN or RJE/SNA links.
The collector may request and receive MDRs from message processor and separately store them by customer.
Also, the collector may request and receive MDRs from MDR capture devices and separately store the MDRs by switch.
The collector can retrieve MDRs from capture devices using various protocols. Normally, collection begins when the collector initiates a poll (although some capture devices may have the capability of calling the collector when the unit reaches a certain storage threshold). The collector supports several models of capture devices 17 (including but not limited to devices manufactured by MOSCOM).
Collection of MDRs begins when the collector calls the remote PCSU. The MDRs are converted into the format selected for the customer before being stored in the DESS file.
The collector supports costing of MDRs and delivery of MDRs to customers.
Managers (or other call accounting systems) may login to the collector using standard ASCII terminals or PC terminal emulators and can retrieve MDRs from the DESS database using the protocol, for example, Kermit.
The collector also supports management report production and management report delivery.
The manager collects MDRs for a single customer from multiple message processors, collectors and simplified MDR capture devices and prepares various management reports such as organization reports to allocate network charges to departments within an organization, traffic and call distribution reports used for network planning, facility reports on all calls terminating/originating/ transiting a network node, detailed billing reports by extension number of account code, and other user definable reports. MOSCOM's MaxNet and Discovery/1 products can be used as managers. Several other call accounting systems that can be used as managers also exist. In order for them to work with this invention, they merely need accept MDR in any one of the output formats produced by the collector or message processor.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated, it will be clear that variations in the details of the embodiments specifically illustrated and described may be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Number	Name	Date
3651269	Le Strat et al.	Mar 1972
3944746	Burns et al.	Mar 1976
4165447	Bertoglio et al.	Aug 1979
4464543	Kline et al.	Aug 1984
4525601	Barnich et al.	Jun 1985
4625308	Kim et al.	Nov 1986
4656656	Mundy, Jr. et al.	Apr 1987
4723270	Okamoto et al.	Feb 1988
4788718	McNabb et al.	Nov 1988
4935956	Hellwarth et al.	Jun 1990
4979207	Baum et al.	Dec 1990
5008929	Olsen et al.	Apr 1991
5048079	Harrington et al.	Sep 1991
5103475	Shuen	Apr 1992

Universal MDR data record collection and reporting system

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US Referenced Citations (14)

Non-Patent Literature Citations (2)

Entry
Product/Service Information, BMC II and Deuce: DMS-100 Family SMDR Teleprocessing, Northern Telecom, Issue 1, Apr. 19, 1991.
UNC-533 UNIX.RTM. Engine Product Description Sheet, Applied Computing Devices, Inc.