Use of neuregulins as modulators of cellular communication

Abstract

The present invention relates to methods of affecting cellular communication in a vertebrate. The communication is affected by the administration of a neuregulin to a vertebrate, where the neuregulin interacts with a first cell type which results in the production of a product (i.e., Product A). This product, in turn, affects the function of a second cell type. Methods are disclosed in which the affect in function of the second cell type, described above, results in the production of a second product (i.e., Product B) which, in turn, can affect the function of the first cell type or a third cell type. Additional methods are included for treatment of disorders involving an altered or inadequate level of production of a product involved in cellular communication.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to methods of affecting cellular communication.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Vertebrate cells depend on externally produced factors for growth, differentiation and survival. These factors can be in the form of diffusible, molecules that act at a distance from their site of synthesis. Alternatively these factors can be in the form of cell-surface-bound molecules that rely on cell-to-cell contact for their function. In many cases, different cell types may interact in a reciprocal manner in that both cell types produce factors that affect the other cell type. Vertebrates rely on these reciprocal interactions during embryogenesis and during the response to injury and disease.

Interdependence of cells and tissues plays important roles in the vertebrate nervous system. The nervous system is composed of neurons and neuroglial support cells. Peripheral nervous system axons are ensheathed by neuroglial cells (Schwann cells) and target organs which include skin, sensory receptors, muscle and other neurons. Additionally, peripheral axons interact with components of the central nervous system in the spinal cord. These include neurons and neuroglial cells such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes .

It is well established that neurons and the tissues and cells with which they interact are dependent on each other for trophic support. This relationship is mediated by factors (proteins) produced by neurons that maintain the viability of target tissues (e.g. motor neuron derived factors that maintain muscle integrity) and neurotrophic factors produced by target (and other) tissues that maintain neuronal viability (e.g. muscle derived factors that maintain motor neuron viability). This interdependence plays an important role in embryonic development, maintenance of viability and response to injury in the nervous system and its targets.

The survival of various neuronal populations has been thought to be dependent only upon neurotrophic factors produced by targets of innervation. Recently it has been realized that neurotrophic factors are also derived from axonally associated cells (periaxonal glia), soma associated (perisomatic) cells (e.g. glia and efferent synapses) and from autocrine sources. These proteins are taken up by neurons where they exert their effect at the cell body . Neurotrophic factors either maintain the viability of the neuron or induce specific effects such as axonal extension, sprouting and other responses to injury and disease. Examples include factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and related molecules as well as ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), insulin like growth factor (IGF) and fibroblast growth factors (FGF's) that all have neurotrophic activity and are derived from neuronally associated tissues as diverse as muscle, Schwann cells and spinal cord astrocytes and other neurons (e.g., Nishi, Science (1994) 265:1052).

The identification of pharmaceutical products or agents which induce the endogenous production of trophic factors would be beneficial treatment of diseases which involve trophic support.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In general, the present invention relates to methods of affecting cellular communication in a vertebrate. The communication is affected by the administration of a neuregulin to a vertebrate, where the neuregulin interacts with a first cell type which results in the production of a product or products (i.e., Product(s) A). This product, in turn, affects the function of a second cell type. (See FIGS. 9 and 10)

Neuregulins are a family of protein factors encoded by one gene. A variety of messenger RNA splicing variants (and their resultant proteins) are derived from this gene and many of these products show binding and activation to erbB2 (neu) and closely related receptors erbB3 and erbB4. The invention provides methods for using all of the known products of the neuregulin gene, as well as, other not yet discovered splicing variants of the neuregulin gene.

Methods also are provided by the invention in which the effect in function of the second cell type, as described above, results in the production of a second product (i.e., Product B) which, in turn, can affect the function of the first cell type or a third cell type. (See FIGS. 9 and 10)

Included in the invention as well, are methods for treatment when disorders involve an altered or inadequate level of production of a product involved in cellular communication.

Advantages of the present invention include the development of new therapeutic approaches to injury or disease based on the interdependence or communication of cells and the ability to influence or affect that communication with neuregulins. For example, a neuregulin factor that is produced by the second cell type can induce the first cell type to produce a product or products (Product(s) A) that are trophic for the second cell type. More specifically, cells and tissues that are associated with neurons may be induced to respond to a neuronally produced factor (neuregulin). This response would be in the form of the production of products (Product(s) A) that are trophic for neurons. The endogenous induction of more than one neurotrophic products by the neuregulin would be more effective than the therapeutic use of a single neurotrophic factor. Neurotrophic factors generally have restricted effects on specific neuronal subtypes (e.g. CNTF is trophic for motor neurons and NGF is trophic for sympathetic neurons as well as a subset of sensory neurons). Furthermore, the types of neurotrophic factors produced by a particular tissue are probably dependent on the target neuron type as well as the type and stage of injury. As an example, CNTF, which is trophic for motor neurons, is released by Schwann cells in the early stages of recovery from nerve injury. This is replaced within a few days by Schwann cell and muscle derived BDNF, another motor neuron trophic factor (Curtis, et al., Nature (1993) 365:253-255; and Funakoshi, et al, J. Cell Biol. (1993) 123:455-465). In addition multiple neurotrophic factors function in vivo and may be synergistic in their effects. For example, it has been shown that multiple factors more efficiently arrest disease induced neuronal degeneration in animals than the use of a single factor (Mitsumoto et al., Science (1994) 265:1107).

In the central nervous system, the neuregulin target, the first cell type, could be a neuron that in turn produces Product(s) A. Product A then affects other tissues (the second cell type) that produce neurotrophic products (Product(s) B) that affect the second cell type (the second cell type may be the source of the neuregulin), or perhaps a third cell type.

Thus, the use of the neuregulins, that are trophic for neuronally associated tissues in the manner described above would be therapeutically useful. Treatment would ensure the production of target specific combinations of products that are tailored to a particular disease state.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the method used to set up the SCG (superior cervical ganglion)/culture tube experiments.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the grid reticule inserted in the microscope ocular, which at a total magnification of 160.times., allowed quantification of Schwann cell outgrowth and neurite outgrowth for the SCG/culture tube experiments.

FIG. 3A shows the control data, that is, Schwann cell number as a function of distance from the SCG explant, for the SCG /culture tube experiments.

FIG. 3B shows experimental data, of Schwann cell outgrowth for the SCG/culture tube experiments, at a dosage of 5 ng/ml rhGGF2.

FIG. 3C shows experimental data, of Schwann cell outgrowth for the SCG/culture tube experiments, at a dosage of 50 ng/ml rhGGF2.

FIG. 3D shows experimental data, of Schwann cell outgrowth for the SCG/culture tube experiments, at a dosage of 500 ng/ml rhGGF2.

FIG. 4 shows the total number of Schwann cells as a function of days in vitro for the SCG/culture tube experiments.

FIG. 5 shows experimental data, of neurite outgrowth, as a function of distance from the SCG explant, for the SCG/culture tube experiments performed at dosage levels of 5,50 and 500 ng/ml rhGGF2.

FIG. 6A shows a 2-dimensional dose-response matrix, used to examine the effects of rhGGF2 on neuronal survival and outgrowth.

FIG. 6B illustrates the manner of counting, used in the afore-mentioned 2-dimensional dose-response experiment, by showing a representative sample well with fields of view.

FIG. 7 shows experimental data of the effects of rhGGF2 on neuronal survival and outgrowth.

FIG. 8A shows data on the effects of exogenous GGF on the number of myelinated axons at 28 days post-injury.

FIG. 8B shows the above-referenced data in bar graph form.

FIG. 9 represents a schematic illustration of the effect neuregulins can have on cellular communication.

FIG. 10 represents a schematic illustration of specific effects of neuregulins on cellular communication.

FIG. 11A is a listing of the coding strand DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) and deduced amino aid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) of the cDNA obtained from splicing pattern of GGF2BPP1 shown in FIG. 12. Potential glycosylation sites are underlined (along with polyadenylation signal AATAAA(SEQ ID NO: 75);

FIGS. 11B-11C is a listing of the coding strand DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO: 3) and deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 4) of the cDNA obtained from splicing pattern of GGF2BPP2. Potential glycosylation sites are underlined (along with polyadenylation signal AATAAA(SEQ ID NO: 75);

FIGS. 11D-11E is a listing of the coding strand DNA (SEQ ID NO: 5) sequence and deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 6) of the cDNA obtained from splicing pattern of GGF2BPP3. Potential glycosylation sites are underlined (along with polyadenylation signal AATAAA(SEQ ID NO: 75).

FIG. 12 is a diagram of representative splicing variants. The coding segments are represented by F, E, B, A, G, C, C/D, C/D', D, D', H, K, and L. The location of the peptide sequences derived from purified protein are indicated by "o."

FIGS. 13A-13R is a listing of the DNA sequences and predicted peptide sequences of the coding segments of GGF(SEQ ID NOs: 7-52). Line 1 is a listing of the predicted amino acid sequences of bovine GGF, line 2 is a listing of the nucleotide sequences of bovine GGF, line 3 is a listing of the nucleotide sequences of human GGF (heregulin) (nucleotide base matches are indicated with a vertical line) and line 4 is a listing of the predicted amino acid sequences of human GGF/heregulin where it differs from the predicted bovine sequence. Coding segments E, A' and K represent only the bovine sequences. Coding segment D' represents only the human (heregulin) sequence.

FIGS. 14A-14B is the predicted GGF2 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 54) and nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 53) of BPP5. The upper line is the nucleotide sequence and the lower line is the predicted amino acid sequence.

FIGS. 15A-15B is the predicted amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 56) and nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 55) of GGF2BPP2. The upper line is the nucleotide sequence and the lower line is the predicted amino acid sequence.

FIGS. 16A-16C is the predicted amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 58) and nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 57) of GGF2BPP4. The upper line is the nucleotide sequence and the lower line is the predicted amino acid sequence.

FIG. 17 is a list of splicing variants derived from the sequences shown in FIG. 13.

FIG. 18 is the predicted amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 60), bottom, and nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 59), top of EGFL1.

FIG. 19 is the predicted amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 62), bottom, and nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 61), top, of EGFL2.

FIG. 20 is the predicted amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 64), bottom, and nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 63), top, of EGFL3.

FIG. 21 is the predicted amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 66), bottom, and nucletide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 65), top, of EGFL4.

FIG. 22 is the predicted amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 68), bottom, and nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 67), top, of EGFL5.

FIG. 23 is the predicted amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 70), bottom, and nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 69), top, of EGFL6.

FIG. 24 is the predicted amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 72) (middle) and nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 71) (top) of GGF2HBS5. The bottom (intermittent) sequence represents peptide sequences derived from GGF-II preparations (SEQ ID NOs: 42, 45-53).

FIG. 25 is the sequences of GGFHBS5 (SEQ ID NO: 72), GGFHB1 (SEQ ID NO: 73) and GGFBPP5 (SEQ ID NO: 74) polypeptides.

FIG. 26 is the amino acid sequence of cDNA encoding mature hGGF2 (SEQ ID NO: 72).

FIG. 27 depicts a stretch of the putative bovine GGF-II gene sequence from the recombinant bovine genomic phage GGF2BG1. The figure is the coding strand of the DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO: 76) and the deduced amino acid sequence in the third reading frame.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It is intended that all references cited shall be incorporated herein by reference.

General

The invention pertains to methods of affecting cellular communication in vertebrates. The communication is affected by the administration of a neuregulin to a vertebrate where the neuregulin interacts with a first cell type which results in the production of a product. This product, in turn, affects the function of a second cell type. More specifically, the invention relates to the induction of endogenous tropic factors (products) by the administration of a neuregulin.

Methods also are provided by the invention in which the affect in function of the second cell type, described above, results in the production of a second product which, in turn, can affect the function of the first cell type, the second cell type or a third cell type.

Definition of Key Terms

The term affecting as used herein refers to the induction of a quantitative change in the response of a target cell, as a result of an interaction with a Product.

The term interacts as used herein refers to a contact with a target (cell), including but not limited to binding of a product to a cell receptor.

The term cellular communication as used herein refers to the synthesis of a substance in one cell type and the interaction of that substance with a second cell type. This process includes but is not limited to secretion of the substance from a cell. The substance elicits a change in the second cell type or with the first cell type. Communication can occur reciprocally or non-reciprocally with one or more cell types.

The term vertebrate as used herein refers to an animal that is a member of the Subphylum Vertebrata (Phylum Chordata).

The term administration as used herein refers to a pharmaceutical preparation of a substance and the delivery of that preparation to a recipient.

The term neuregulin as used herein refers to the glial growth factors, the heregulins, neu differentiation factor, acetylcholine receptor inducing activity, and erbB2, 3 and 4 binding proteins. A more complete definition of neuregulins can be found in the specification herein and in the following materials: U.S. Pat. No. 5,237,056; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/249,322; WO 92/20798; EPO 0 505 148 A1; Marchionni, et al., Nature 362:313, 1993; Benveniste, et al., PNAS82:3930-3934, 1985; Kimura, et al., Nature (1990) 348:257-260; Davis and Stroobant, J. Cell. Biol. (1990) 110:1353-1360; Wen, et al., Cell (1992) 69:559; Yarden and Ullrich, Ann. Rev. Biochem. (1988) 57:443,; Holmes, et al., Science 256:1205, 1992; Dobashi, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 88:8582, 1991; Lupu, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (1992) 89:2287; Peles and Yarden, BioEssays (1993) 15:815, Mudge, Current Biology (1993) 3:361, all hereby incorporated by reference.

The term first cell type as used herein refers to the cell type that interacts with a neuregulin. The first cell type includes but is not limited to one or more of the following: neuron, glial cell, Schwann cell, astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, myoblast, muscle cell, satellite cell, skin cell, sensory organ cell, inflammatory cell such as macrophage, neutrophil, T-cell, eosinophil, mast cell, basophil and stromal cell such as fibroblasts or endothelial cells. Bloom and Fawcett, A Textbook of Histology, tenth ed. (1975), W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pa.

The term second cell type as used herein refers to the cell type that interacts with and responds to Product A. The second cell type includes but is not limited to one or more of the following: neuron, glial cell, Schwann cell, astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, myoblast, muscle cell, satellite cell, skin cell, sensory organ cell, inflammatory cell such as macrophage, neutrophil, T-cell, eosinophil, mast cell, basophil and stromal cell such as fibroblasts or endothelial cells. A more complete definition may be found in Bloom and Fawcett, A Textbook of Histology, tenth ed. (1975), W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pa.

The term third cell type as used herein refers to a cell type that interacts with and responds to Product B. The third cell type may be identical to the first cell type. The third cell type includes but is not limited to one or more of the following: neuron, glial cell, Schwann cell, astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, myoblast, muscle cell, satellite cell, skin cell, sensory organ cell, inflammatory cell such as macrophage, neutrophil, T-cell, eosinophil, mast cell, basophil and stromal cell such as fibroblasts or endothelial cells. A more complete definition may be found in Bloom and Fawcett, A Textbook of Histology, tenth ed. (1975), W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pa.

The term production as used herein refers to induced or constitutive synthesis and/or release of a Product from a cell.

The term Product as used herein refers to any substance as defined herein as Product A or Product B.

The term Product A as used herein refers to the substances whose synthesis and release are induced in the first cell type by neuregulin. Such substances include but are not limited to one or more of the following: nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, leukemia inhibiting factor, interleukin 6, platelet derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factors, transforming growth factor .beta., epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor .alpha., neuregulins, insulin like growth factor, matrix molecules, adhesion molecules, growth factor receptors, low affinity NGF receptor, proteases, protease inhibitors, and antioxidants.

The term Product B as used herein refers to the substances whose synthesis and release are induced in the second cell type by Product A. Such substances include but are not limited to one or more of the following: nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, leukemia inhibiting factor, interleukin 6, platelet derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factors, transforming growth factor .beta., epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor .alpha., neuregulins, glial derived neurotrophic factor, insulin like growth factor, matrix molecules, adhesion molecules, growth factor receptors, low affinity NGF receptor (p75), proteases, protease inhibitors and antioxidants.

The term function as used herein refers to any activity or response of a cell. These include but are not limited to proliferation, differentiation, growth, survival, changes in the pattern of gene expression and secretion, and metabolic changes.

The term glial cell as used herein refers to connective and support tissues of the nervous system and includes ectodermally derived astrocytes, oligodendroglia, Schwann cells and mesodermally derived microglia and their progenitors. A more complete definition of glial cells and their progenitors can be found in the following materials: Anderson, FASEB J. (1994) 8:707-713; Reynolds and Weiss, Science (1992) 255:1707-1710; Reynolds, Tetzlaff, and Weiss, J. Neurosci (1992) 12:4565-4574; and Kandel, et al., Principles of Neuroscience, third ed. (1991), Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Conn.

The termastrocyte as used herein refers to a neuroglial cell of ectodermal origin and its progenitor cells. This cell has a round nucleus and a "star shaped" body and many long processes that end as vascular foot plates on the small blood vessels of the CNS and is associated with other structures. A more complete definition of astrocyte and its progenitors can be found in the following materials: Reynolds and Weiss, Science (1992) 255:1707-1710; Reynolds, Tetzlaff, and Weiss, J. Neurosci (1992) 12:4565-4574; and Kandel, et al., Principles of Neuroscience, third ed. (1991), Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Conn.

The term skin cell as used herein refers to the cellular components of the skin and includes fibroblasts, keratinocytes, epidermal cells, hair follicle cells, melanocytes, myoepithelial sweat gland cells, and sebaceous gland cells and their progenitors. A more complete definition of skin cells and their progenitors can be found in, Wheater, et al., Functional Histology (1987), Churchill Livingstone, New York, N.Y.

The term Schwann cell as used herein refers to the neuroglial cell composing the neurolemma of peripheral nerve fibers and its progenitors. A more complete definition of Schwann cells and their progenitors can be found in the following materials: Anderson, FASEB J. (1994) 8:707-713; Kandel, et al., Principles of Neuroscience, third ed. (1991), Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Conn.

The term oligodendrocyte as used herein refers to the neuroglial cells, of ectodermal origin, with small oval nuclei and fine cytoplasmic processes that are responsible for the formation of myelin in the CNS. The progenitors of oligodendrocytes are also included. A more complete definition of oligodendrocytes and their progenitors can be found in, Kandel, et al., Principles of Neuroscience, third ed. (1991), Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Conn.

The term sensory organ cell as used herein refers to a primary sensory cell contained within a sensory organ and its progenitors and includes but is not limited to one or more of the following: taste cells, olfactory epithelial cell, rod and cone photoreceptors, Meisner corpuscle, Ruffini corpuscle, Merckel receptor, Pacinian corpuscle, muscle spindle cell, cochleovestibular hair cells and joint mechanoreceptor cells. A more complete definition of sensory organ cells and their progenitors can be found in, Wheater, et al., Functional Histology (1987), Churchill Livingstone, New York, N.Y.; Mahanthappa and Schwarting, Neuron (1993) 10:293-305; Forge, Li, Corwin and Nevill, Science (1993) 259:1616-1622; Tsue, Watling, Weisleder, Coltrera and Rubel, J. Neurosci (1994) 14:140-152.

The term neurotrophic agent as used herein refers to a substance that elicits a trophic effect in one or more neuronal subtypes. These effects include but are not limited to survival, sprouting and differentiation.

The term neuron as used herein refers to a complete nerve cell, including the cell body and all of its processes, and its progenitors. A more complete definition of neuron and its progenitors can be found in the following materials: Reynolds and Weiss, Science (1992) 255:1707-1710; Reynolds, Tetzlaff, and Weiss, J. Neurosci (1992) 12:4565-4574; Ray, Peterson, Schinstine, and Gage, PNAS (1993) 90:3602-3606; and Kandel, et al., Principles of Neuroscience, third ed. (1991), Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Conn.

The term matrix molecule as used herein refers to a chemical component of the insoluble meshwork of extracellular proteins that mediate adhesive interactions between cells and modulate the functions of cells.

The term muscle cell as used herein refers to a cellular component of skeletal, smooth or cardiac muscle, including but not limited to myofibrils, satellite cells, and myoepithelial cells and their progenitors. A more complete definition of muscle cells can be found in, Wheater, et al., Functional Histology (1987), Churchill Livingstone, New York, N.Y.; and Myology, ed. by Engel and Franzini-Armstrong, second ed. (1994) McGraw Hill, New York, N.Y.

The term protease as used herein refers to an enzyme that hydrolyses peptide bonds in a protein molecule.

The term protease inhibitor as used herein refers to a molecule that inhibits the activity and/or function of a protease.

The term differentiation as used herein refers to a morphological and/or chemical change that results in the generation of a different cell type or state of specialization. The differentiation of cells as used herein refers to the induction of a cellular developmental program which specifies one or more components of a cell type. The therapeutic usefulness of differentiation can be seen, in increases in quantity of any component of a cell type in diseased tissue by at least 10% or more, more preferably by 50% or more, and most preferably by more than 100% relative to the equivalent tissue in a similarly treated control animal.

The term mitosis as used herein refers to the division of a cell where each daughter nucleus receives identical complements of the numbers of chromosomes characteristic of the somatic cells of the species. Mitosis as used herein refers to any cell division which results in the production of new cells in the patient. More specifically, a useful therapeutic is defined in vitro as an increase in mitotic index relative to untreated cells of 50%), more preferably 100%, and most preferably 300%, when the cells are exposed to labeling agent for a time equivalent to two doubling times. The mitotic index is the fraction of cells in the culture which have labeled nuclei when grown in the presence of a tracer which only incorporates during S phase (i.e., BrdU) and the doubling time is defined as the average time required for the number of cells in the culture to increase by a factor of two.

An effect on mitosis in vivo is defined as an increase in satellite cell activation as measured by the appearance of labeled satellite cells in the muscle tissue of a mammal exposed to a tracer which only incorporates during S phase (i.e., BrdU). A useful therapeutic is defined in vivo as a compound which increases satellite cell activation relative to a control mammal by at least 10%, more preferably by at least 50%, and most preferably by more than 200% when the mammal is exposed to labeling agent for a period of greater than 15 minutes and tissues are assayed between 10 hours and 24 hours after administration of the mitogen at the therapeutic dose.

The term survival as used herein refers to any process where a cell avoids death. The term survival as used herein also refers to the prevention of cell loss as evidenced by necrosis or apoptosis or the prevention of other mechanisms of cell loss. Survival as used herein indicates a decrease in the rate of cell death of at least 10%, more preferably by at least 50%, and most preferably by the least 300% relative to an untreated control. The rate of survival may be measured by counting cells stainable with a dye specific for dead cells (such as propidium iodide) in culture when the cells are 8 days post-differentiation (i.e., 8 days after the media is changed from 20% to 0.5% serum).

The term disorder as used herein refers to a disturbance of function and/or structure of a living organism, resulting from an external source, a genetic predisposition, a physical or chemical trauma, or a combination of the above, including but not limited to any mammalian disease.

The term treating as used herein may refer to a procedure (e.g. medical procedure) designed to exert a beneficial effect on a disorder. Treating as used herein means any administration of a substance described herein for the purpose of increasing cellular communication of products. Most preferably, the treating is for the purpose of reducing or diminishing the symptoms or progression of a disease or disorder of cells. Treating as used herein also means the administration of a substance to increase or alter the cells in healthy individuals. The treating may be brought about by the contacting of the cells which are sensitive or responsive to the neuregulins described herein with an effective amount of the neuregulin.

The term mammal as used herein describes a member of the Class Mammalia (Subphylum Vertebrata).

The term neurological disorder as described herein refers to a disorder of the nervous system.

The term administration as used herein refers to the act of delivering a substance, including but not limited to the following routes: parenteral, intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraorbital, ophthalmic, intraventricular, intracranial, intracapsular, intraspinal, intracisternal, intraperitoneal, topical, intranasal, aerosol, scarification, orally, buccal, rectal or vaginal.

The term therapeutically effective amount as used herein refers to that amount which will produce a desirable result upon administration and which will vary depending upon a number of issues, including the dosage to be administered, and the route of administration.

The term peripheral neuropathy as used herein refers to functional disturbances and/or pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system.

The term amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as used herein refers to a motor neuron disease characterized by a progressive degeneration of the neurons that give rise to the corticospinal tract that results in a deficit in upper and lower motor neurons.

The term spinal muscular atrophy as used herein refers to a progressive disease of upper and lower motor neurons, usually present in childhood.

The term Alzheimer's Disease as used herein refers to a progressive central neurodegeneration involving loss of cortical and other neurons, and associated with neurofibrillary tangles and .beta.-amyloid deposits.

The term Parkinson's Disease as used herein refers to a progressive central neurodegeneration involving dopaminergic neurons.

The term trophic as used herein refers to an effect of a substance on a cell, including but not limited to proliferation, growth, sprouting, differentiation or survival.

The term neuregulin producing cell as used herein refers to a cell that produces a neuregulin. The term refers to all producer cells including cells that produce recombinant neuregulins.

The term nervous system cell as used herein includes nervous system support cells and neurons.

Neuregulins

A novel aspect of the present invention relates to the ability of neuregulins to affect cellular communication between different and similar cell types. Neuregulins are the products of a gene which produce a number of variably-sized, differentially-spliced RNA transcripts that give rise to a series of proteins. These proteins are of different lengths and contain some common peptide sequences and some unique peptide sequences. The conclusion that these factors are encoded by a single gene is supported by the differentially-spliced RNA sequences which are recoverable from bovine posterior pituitary, human spinal chord and human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Further support for this conclusion derives from the size range of proteins which act as ligands for the p185.sup.erbB2 receptor (see below).

Further evidence to support the fact that the genes encoding GGF/p185.sup.erbB2 binding proteins are homologous comes from nucleotide sequence comparison. Holmes et al., (Science (1992) 256:1205-1210) demonstrate the purification of a 45-kilodalton human protein (Heregulin-.alpha.) which specifically interacts with the receptor protein p185.sup.erbB2. Peles et al., (Cell (1992) 69:559) describe a complementary DNA isolated from rat cells encoding a protein call "neu differentiation factor" (NDF). The translation product of the NDF cDNA has p185.sup.erbB binding activity. Several other groups have reported the purification of proteins of various molecular weights with p185.sup.erbB2 binding activity. These groups include the following: Lupu et al., (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:2287; Yarden and Peles, (1991) Biochemistry 30:3543; Lupu et al., (1990) Science 249:1552; Dobashi et al., (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 179:1536; and Huang et al., (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 257:11508-11512.

We have found that p185.sup.erbB2 and related receptor binding proteins (i.e., p185.sup.erbB3 and p185.sup.erbB4) affect cellular communication. This effect results in the production of a product from a first cell type, where the product, in turn affects the function of a second cell type. The affect in a function of the second cell type and can result in the production of other products which also can affect functions of other cell types. For example, neuregulins can interact with Schwann cells, which as a result of this interaction produce neurotrophic agents. These agents, in turn, interact with neurons to promote their neuronal regeneration. Alternatively, in the central nervous system, a first cell type, being a neuron, could produce a neuregulin, which in turn, affects a second cell type which is a neuron also.

These neuregulins may be identified using the protocols described herein (Examples 1 and 2) and in Holmes et al., Science (1992) 256: 1205; Peles et al., Cell (1992) 69:205; Wen et al., Cell (1992) 69:559; Lupu et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1992) 89:2287; Yarden and Peles, Biochemistry (1991) 30:3543; Lupu et al., Science (1990) 249:1552; Dobashi et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. (1991) 179:1536; Huang et al., J. Biol. Chem. (1992) 257:11508-11512; Marchionni et al., Nature (1993) 362:313; and in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/931,041, filed Aug. 17, 1992, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Specifically, the invention provides for use of polypeptides of a specified formula, and DNA sequences encoding those polypeptides. The polypeptides have the formula

WYBAZCX wherein WYBAZCX is composed of the amino acid sequences shown in FIGS. 13A-13D and 13F-13R (SEQ ID NOs: 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, and 52); wherein W comprises the polypeptide segment F, or is absent; wherein Y comprises the polypeptide segment E, or is absent; wherein Z comprises the polypeptide segment G or is absent; and wherein X comprises the polypeptide segments C/D HKL, C/D H, C/D HL, C/D D, C/D' HL, C/D' HKL, C/D' H, C/D' D, C/D C/D' HKL, C/D C/D' H, C/D C/D' HL, C/D C/D' D, C/D D' H, C/D D' HL, C/D D' HKL, C/D' D' H, C/D' D' HL, C/D' D' HKL, C/D C/D' D' H, C/D C/D' D' HL, or C/D C/D' D' HKL; provided that, either a) at least one of F, Y, B, A, Z, C, or X is of bovine origin; or b) Y comprises the polypeptide segment E; or c) X comprises the polypeptide segments C/D HKL, C/D D, C/D' HKL, C/D C/D' HKL, C/D C/D' D, C/D D' H, C/D D' HL, C/D D' HKL, C/D' D' H, C/D' D' HKL, C/D C/D' D' H, C/D C/D' D' HL, C/D C/D' D' HKL, C/D' H, C/D C/D' H, or C/D C/D' HL.

In addition, the invention includes the use of the DNA sequence comprising coding segments .sup.5' FBA.sup.3' as well as the with corresponding polypeptide segments having the amino acid sequences shown in FIGS. 13A, 13C, and 13D (SEQ ID NOs: 7-10 and 13-20);

the DNA sequence comprising the coding segments .sup.5' FBA'.sup.3' as well as the corresponding polypeptide segments having the amino acid sequences shown in FIGS. 13A, 13C, and 13E (SEQ ID NOs; 7-10, 13-16, 21, and 22); the DNA sequence comprising the coding segments .sup.5' FEBA'.sup.3' as well as the corresponding polypeptide segments having the amino acid sequences shown in FIGS. 13A-13D and 13R (SEQ ID NOs: 7-20, 51, and 52); the DNA sequence comprising the coding segments .sup.5' FEBA'.sup.3' as well as the corresponding polypeptide segments having the amino acid sequences shown in FIGS. 13A-13C, 13E, and 13R (SEQ ID NOs: 7-16, 21, 22, 51, and 52).

the DNA sequence comprising the polypeptide coding segments of the GGF2HBS5 cDNA clone (ATCC Deposit No. 75298, deposited Sep. 2, 1992), also known as GGF-II (SEQ ID NO: 72).

The invention further includes the use of peptides of the formula FBA, FEBA, FBA' FEBA' and DNA sequences encoding these peptides wherein the polypeptide segments correspond to amino acid sequences shown in FIGS. 13A-13E and 13R (SEQ ID NOs: 7-10 and 13-20), (SEQ ID NOs; 7-10, 13-16, 21, and 22), (SEQ ID NOs: 7-20, 51, and 52), and (SEQ ID NOs: 7-20, 51, and 52). The polypeptide purified GGF-II polypeptide (SEQ ID NO: 72) is also included as part of the invention.

Also included in this invention is the mature GGF peptide and the DNA encoding said peptide, exclusive of the N-terminal signal sequence, which is also useful for treatment of conditions involving abnormalities in cellular communication.

Furthermore, the invention includes a method of cellular communication by the application to a vertebrate of a

-30 kD polypeptide factor isolated from the MDA-MB 231 human breast cell line; or -35 kD polypeptide factor isolated from the rat I-EJ transformed fibroblast cell line to the glial cell; or -75 kD polypeptide factor isolated from the SKBR-3 human breast cell line; or -44 kD polypeptide factor isolated from the rat I-EJ transformed fibroblast cell line, or -25 kD polypeptide factor isolated from activated mouse peritoneal macrophages; or -45 kD polypeptide factor isolated from the MDA-MB 231 human breast cell; or -7 to 14 kD polypeptide factor isolated from the ATL-2 human T-cell line to the glial cell; or -25 kD polypeptide factor isolated from the bovine kidney cell; or -42 kD polypeptide factor (ARIA) isolated from brains.

The invention further includes a method for the use of the EGFL1, EGFL2, EGFL3, EGFL4, EGFL5, and EGFL6 polypeptides, FIG. 18 to 23 and (SEQ ID NOs: 60, 62, 64, 66, 68 and 70) respectively, for the methods of affecting cellular communication in vivo and in vitro.

Also included in the invention is the administration of the GGF-II polypeptide whose sequence is shown in FIG. 24 (SEQ ID NO: 72) for affecting cellular communication.

An additional aspect of the invention includes the use of the above-referenced peptides for the purpose of stimulating Schwann cells to produce growth factors which may, in turn, be harvested for scientific or therapeutic use.

Thus, the invention further embraces a polypeptide factor capable of affecting cellular communication and including an amino acid sequence encoded by:

(a) a DNA sequence shown in FIG. 11A-11E (SEQ ID NOs: 1,3, and 5); (b) a DNA sequence shown in FIG. 27 (SEQ ID NO: 76); (c) the DNA sequence represented by nucleotides 281-557 of the sequences shown in FIG. 11A-11E (SEQ ID NOs: 1,3, and 5); or (d) a DNA sequence hybridizable to any one of the DNA sequences according to (a), (b) or (c).

The invention further includes sequences which have greater than 60%, preferably 80%, sequence identity of homology to the sequences indicated above.

While the present invention is not limited to a particular set of hybridization conditions, the following protocol gives general guidance which may, if desired, be followed:

DNA probes may be labeled to high specific activity (approximately 10.sup.8 to 10.sup.9 32 Pdmp/.mu.g) by nick-translation or by PCR reactions according to Schowalter and Sommer (Anal. Biochem. (1989) 177:90-94) and purified by desalting on G-150 Sephadex columns. Probes may be denatured (10 minutes in boiling water followed by immersion into ice water), then added to hybridization solutions of 80% buffer B (2 g polyvinylpyrolidine, 2 g Ficoll-400, 2 g bovine serum albumin, 50 ml 1 M Tris HCL (pH 7.5), 58 g NaCl, 1 g sodium pyrophosphate, 10 g sodium dodecyl sulfate, 950 ml H.sub.2 O) containing 10% dextran sulfate at 10.sup.6 dpm .sup.32 P per ml and incubated overnight (approximately 16 hours) at 60.degree. C. The filters may then be washed at 60.degree. C. first in buffer B for 15 minutes followed by three 20-minute washes in 2.times.SSC, 0.1% SDS then one for 20 minutes in 1.times.SSC, 0.1% SDS.

In other respects, the invention provides:

(a) a basic polypeptide factor which has, if obtained from bovine pituitary material, an observed molecular weight, whether in reducing conditions or not, of from about 30 kD to about 36 kD on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using the following molecular weight standards: ______________________________________Lysozyme (hen egg white) 14,400Soybean trypsin inhibitor 21,500Carbonic anhydrase (bovine) 31,000Ovalbumin (hen egg white) 45,000Bovine serum albumin 66,200Phosphorylase B (rabbit muscle) 97,400;______________________________________ which factor has glial cell mitogenic activity including stimulating the division of rat Schwann cells in the presence of fetal calf plasma, and when isolated using reversed-phase HPLC retains at least 50% of said activity after 10 weeks incubation in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid at 4.degree. C.; and (b) a basic polypeptide factor which has, if obtained from bovine pituitary material, an observed molecular weight, under non-reducing conditions, or from about 55 kD to about 63 kD on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using the following molecular weight standards: ______________________________________Lysozyme (hen egg white) 14,400Soybean trypsin inhibitor 21,500Carbonic anhydrase (bovine) 31,000Ovalbumin (hen egg white) 45,000Bovine serum albumin 66,200Phosphorylase B (rabbit muscle) 97,400;______________________________________ which factor the human equivalent of which is encoded by DNA clone GGF2HBS5 described herein and is capable of affecting cellular communication.

For convenience of description only, the lower molecular weight and higher molecular weight factors of this invention are referred to hereafter as "GGF-I" and "GGF-II", respectively. The "GGF2" designation is used for all clones isolated with peptide sequence data derived from GGF-II protein (i.e., GGF2HBS5, GGF2BPP3).

It will be appreciated that the molecular weight range limits quoted are not exact, but are subject to slight variations depending upon the source of the particular polypeptide factor. A variation of, say, about 10% would not, for example, be impossible for material from another source.

Another important aspect of the invention is a DNA sequence encoding a polypeptide capable of affecting cellular communication and comprising:

(a) a DNA sequence shown FIG. 11A-11E (SEQ ID NOs: 1,3, and 5); (b) a DNA sequence shown in FIG. 27 (SEQ ID NO: 76); (c) the DNA sequence represented by nucleotides 281-557 of the sequence shown in FIG. 11A-11E (SEQ ID NO: 1,3, and 5); or (d) a DNA sequence hybridizable to any one of the DNA sequences according to (a), (b) or (c).

Thus other important aspects of the invention are:

(a) A series of human and bovine polypeptide factors capable of affecting cellular communication. These peptide sequences are shown in FIGS. 13, 14, 15 and 16 (SEQ ID NOs: 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, and 58) respectively. (b) A series of polypeptide factors capable of affecting cellular communication and purified and characterized according to the procedures outlined by Lupu et al., Science (1990) 249:1552; Lupu et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA (1992) 89: 2287; Holmes et al., Science (1992) 256:1205; Peles et al., Cell (1992) 69:205; Yarden and Peles, Biochemistry (1991) 30:3543; Dobashi et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (1991) 88: 8582; Davis et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1991) 179:1536; Beaumont et al., Patent Application PCT/US91/03443 (1990); Greene et al., Patent Application PCT/US91/02331 (1990); Usdin and Fischbach, J. Cell. Biol. (1986) 103:493-507; Falls et al., Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. (1990) 55:397-406; Harris et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1991) 88:7664-7668; and Falls et al., Cell (1993) 72:801-815. (c) A polypeptide factor (GGFBPP5) is capable of affecting cellular communication. The amino acid sequence is shown in FIG. 14A-14B (SEQ ID NO: 54), and is encoded by the bovine DNA sequence shown in FIG. 14A-14B (SEQ ID NO: 53).

The novel human peptide sequences described above and presented FIGS. 13, 14, 15, and 16 in FIGS. 13A, 13C, 13D, 13F-13M, 13O-13R (SEQ ID NOs: 10, 16, 20, 26, 30, 34, 36, 38, 40, 44, 50, and 52), respectively, represent a series of splicing variants which can be isolated as full length complementary DNAs (cDNAs) from natural sources (cDNA libraries prepared from the appropriate tissues) or can be assembled as DNA constructs with individual exons (e.g., derived as separate exons) by someone skilled in the art.

Other compounds in particular, peptides, which bind specifically to the p185.sup.erbB2 receptor and related receptors can also be used according to the invention as affections of cellular communication. A candidate compound can be routinely screened for p185.sup.erbB2 binding, and, if it binds, can then be screened for affecting cellular communication using the methods described herein.

The invention includes any modifications or equivalents of the above polypeptide factors which do not exhibit a significantly reduced activity. For example, modifications in which amino acid content or sequence is altered without substantially adversely affecting activity are included. By way of illustration, in EP-A 109748 mutations of native proteins are disclosed in which the possibility of unwanted disulfide bonding is avoided by replacing any cysteine in the native sequence which is not necessary for biological activity with a neutral amino acid. The statements of effect and use contained herein are therefore to be construed accordingly, with such uses and effects employing modified or equivalent factors being part of the invention.

The new sequences of the invention open up the benefits of recombinant technology. The invention thus also includes the following aspects:

(a) DNA constructs comprising DNA sequences as defined above in operable reading frame position within vectors (positioned relative to control sequences so as to permit expression of the sequences) in chosen host cells after transformation thereof by the constructs (preferably the control sequence includes regulatable promoters, e.g. Trp). It will be appreciated that the selection of a promoter and regulatory sequences (if any) are matters of choice for those of skill in the art: (b) host cells modified by incorporating constructs as defined in (a) immediately above so that said DNA sequences may be expressed in said host cells--the choice of host is not critical, and chosen cells may be prokaryotic or eukaryotic and may be genetically modified to incorporate said constructs by methods known in the art; and, (c) a process for the preparation of factors as defined above comprising cultivating the modified host cells under conditions permitting expression of the DNA sequences. These conditions can be readily determined, for any particular embodiment, by those of skill in the art of recombinant DNA technology. Glial cell mitogens prepared by this means are included in the present invention.

None of the factors described in the art has the combination of characteristics possessed by the present new polypeptide factors.

The invention also includes a neuregulin as defined above, by extracting vertebrate brain material to obtain protein, subjecting the resulting extract to chromatographic purification by hydroxyapatite HPLC and then subjecting these fractions to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The fraction which as an observed molecular weight of about 30 kD to 36 kD and/or the fraction which has an observed molecular weight of about 55 kD to 63 kD is collected. In either case, the fraction is subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using the following molecular weight standards:

______________________________________Lysozyme (hen egg white) 14,400Soybean trypsin inhibitor 21,500Carbonic anhydrase (bovine) 31,000Ovalbumin (hen egg white) 45,000Bovine serum albumin 66,200Phosphorylase B (rabbit muscle) 97,400______________________________________ In the case of the smaller molecular weight fraction, the SDS-polyacrylamide gel is run in non-reducing conditions in reducing conditions or, and in the case of the larger molecular weight fraction the gel is run under non-reducing conditions. The fractions are then tested for activity stimulating the division of rat Schwann cells against a background of fetal calf plasma.

Preferably, the above process starts by isolating a relevant fraction obtained by carboxymethyl cellulose chromatography, e.g. from bovine pituitary material. It is also preferred that hydroxyapatite HPLC, cation exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and/or reversed-phase HPLC be employed prior to the SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. At each stage in the process, activity may be determined using Schwann cell incorporation of radioactive iododeoxyuridine as a measure in an assay generally as described by Brockes in Meth. Enz. (1987) 147:217-225, but modified by substituting 10% FCP for 10% FCS. As already noted, such as assay is an aspect of the invention in its own substance for CNS or PNS cell, e.g. Schwann cell, mitogenic effects.

Compounds may be assayed for their usefulness in vitro using the methods provided in the description and examples below. Following the in vitro demonstration of the effect of neuregulins on cellular communication between various cell types, the in vivo therapeutic benefit of the effect can be accomplished by the administration of neuregulins, neuregulin producing cells or DNA encoding neuregulins to a vertebrate requiring therapy. In a specific example, in vivo testing can be demonstrated as described in Example 3.

The invention includes the use of the above named family of proteins (i.e. neuregulins) as extracted from natural sources (tissues or cell lines) or as prepared by recombinant means.

Other compounds in particular, peptides, which bind specifically to the p185.sup.erbB2 and related receptor binding proteins (i.e., p185.sup.erbB3 and p185.sup.erbB4) can also be used according to the invention as affectors of cellular communication. A candidate compound can be routinely screened for p185.sup.erbB2, p185.sup.erbB3 and p185.sup.erbB4 binding, and if it binds, can then be screened for affecting cellular communication using the methods described herein.

The invention includes use of any modifications or equivalents of the above polypeptide factors which do not exhibit a significantly reduced activity related to affecting cellular communication. For example, modifications in which amino acid content or sequence is altered without substantially adversely affecting activity are included. The statements of effect and use contained herein are therefore to be construed accordingly, with such uses and effects employing modified or equivalent factors being part of the invention.

The human peptide sequences described above represent a series of splicing variants which can be isolated as full length complementary DNAs (cDNAS) from natural sources (cDNA libraries prepared from the appropriate tissues) or can be assembled as DNA constructs with individual exons (e.g., derived as separate exons) by someone skilled in the art.

The invention includes methods for the use of any protein which is substantially homologous to the coding segments in FIGS. 13A-13R (SEQ ID NOs: 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, and 52), as well as other naturally occurring GGF polypeptides for the purpose of inducing muscle mitogenesis. Also included are the use of: allelic variations; natural mutants; induced mutants; proteins encoded by DNA that hybridizes under high or low stringency conditions to a nucleic acid naturally occurring (for definitions of high and low stringency see Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, (1989) John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 6.3.1-6.3.6, hereby incorporated by reference); and the use of polypeptides or proteins specifically bound by antisera to GGF polypeptides. The term also includes the use of chimeric polypeptides that include the GGF polypeptides comprising sequences from FIGS. 13A-13R (SEQ ID NOs: 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38,40, 42, 44, 46,48, 50, and 52).

Use of Neuregulins

A novel aspect of the invention involves the use of neuregulins as factors to promote cell communication by inducing the production of products. These Products affect the function of these cells. Treatment of the cells to achieve these effects may be achieved by contacting cells with a polypeptide described herein.

The methods of the invention may also be used to treat a patient suffering from a disease caused by a lack of trophic factor(s). The lack of trophic factor(s) is defined by a decreased amount of trophic factor(s) relative to that of an unaffected individual sufficient to cause detectable alteration in the biological effect of those trophic factor(s). The neurotrophic factor(s) may be present at levels 10% below those observed in unaffected individuals. More preferably, the factor(s) are present at levels 20% lower than that observed in unaffected individuals, and most preferably the levels are lowered by 80% relative to unaffected individuals under similar circumstances.

The methods of the invention make use of the fact that the neuregulin proteins are encoded by the same gene. A variety of messenger RNA splicing variants (and their resultant proteins) are derived from this gene and many of these products show binding to p185.sup.erbB2 and related receptors and activation of the same. This invention provides a use for all of the known products of the neuregulin gene (described herein and in the references listed above). Most preferably, recombinant human GGF2 (rhGGF2) is used in these methods.

The invention also relates to the use of other, not yet naturally isolated, splicing variants of the neuregulin gene. FIG. 12 shows the known patterns of splicing. These patterns are derived from polymerase chain reaction experiments (on reverse transcribed RNA), analysis of cDNA clones (as presented within), and analysis of published sequences encoding neuregulins (Peles et al., Cell (1992) 69:205 and Wen et al., Cell (1992) 69:559). These patterns, as well as additional patterns disclosed herein, represent probable splicing variants which exist. The splicing variants are fully described in Goodearl et al., U.S. Ser. No. 08/036,555, filed Mar. 24, 1993, incorporated herein by reference.

More specifically, effects on cell communication may be achieved by contacting cells with a polypeptide defined by the formula

WYBAZCX wherein WYBAZCX is composed of the polypeptide segments shown in FIGS. 13A-13D and 13F-13R (SEQ ID NOs: 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, and 52); wherein W comprises the polypeptide segment F, or is absent wherein Y comprises the polypeptide segment E, or is absent; wherein Z comprises the polypeptide segment G or is absent; and wherein X comprises the polypeptide segment C/D HKL, C/D H, C/D HL, C/D D, C/D' HL, C/D' HKL, C/D' H, C/D' D,C/D C/D' HKL, C/DC/D' H,C/D C/D' HL,C/D C/D' D,C/D D' H, C/D D' HL, C/D D' HKL, C/D' D' H, C/D' D' HL, C/D' D' HKL, C/D C/D' D' H, C/D C/D' D' HL, or C/D C/D' D' HKL.

Furthermore, the invention includes a method of treating muscle cells by the application to the muscle cell of a

-30 kD polypeptide factor isolated from the MDA-MB 231 human breast cell line; or -35 kD polypeptide factor isolated from the rat I-EJ transformed fibroblast cell line to the glial cell; or -75 kD polypeptide factor isolated from SKBR-3 human breast cell line; or -44 kD polypeptide factor isolated from the rat I-EJ transformed fibroblast cell line; or -25 kD polypeptide factor isolated from activated mouse peritoneal macrophages; or -45 kD polypeptide factor isolated from the MDA-MB 231 human breast cell; or -7 to 14 kD polypeptide factor isolated from the ATL-2 human T-cell line to the glial cell; or -25 kD polypeptide factor isolated from the bovine kidney cells; or -42 kD ARIA polypeptide factor isolated from brain; or -46-47 kD polypeptide factor which stimulates 0-2A glial progenitor cells; or -43-45 kD polypeptide factor, GGFIII, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/931,041, filed Aug. 17, 1992, incorporated herein by reference.

The invention includes use of any modifications or equivalents of the above polypeptide factors which do not exhibit a significantly reduced activity. For example, modifications in which amino acid content or sequence is altered without substantially adversely affecting activity are included. The statements of effect and use contained herein are therefore to be construed accordingly, with such uses and effects employing modified or equivalent factors being part of the invention.

The human peptide sequences described above and presented in FIGS. 13A, 13C, 13D, 13F-13M, 13O-13R (SEQ ID NOs: 10, 16, 20, 26, 30, 34, 36, 38, 40, 44, 50, and 52), respectively, represent a series of splicing variants which can be isolated as full-length complementary DNAs (cDNAs) from natural sources (cDNA libraries prepared from the appropriate tissues) or can be assembled as DNA constructs with individual exons (e.g., derived as separate exons) by someone skilled in the art.

Another aspect of the invention is the use of a pharmaceutical or veterinary formulation comprising any factor as defined above formulated for pharmaceutical or veterinary use, respectively, optionally together with an acceptable diluent, carrier or excipient and/or in unit dosage form. In using the factors of the invention, conventional pharmaceutical or veterinary practice may be employed to provide suitable formulations or compositions.

A medicament is made by administering the polypeptide with a pharmaceutically effective carrier.

Thus, the formulations to be used as a part of the invention can be applied to parenteral administration, for example, intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraorbital, ophthalmic, intraventricular, intracranial, intracapsular, intraspinal, intracisternal, intraperitoneal, topical, intranasal, aerosol, scarification, transdermal and by other slow release devices (i.e., osmotic pump-driven devices; see also U.S. Ser. No. 08/293,465, hereby incorporated by reference) and also oral, buccal, rectal or vaginal administration.

The formulations of this invention may also be administered by the transplantation into the patient of host cells expressing the DNA encoding polypeptides which are effective for the methods of the invention or by the use of surgical implants which release the formulations of the invention.

Parenteral formulations may be in the form of liquid solutions or suspensions; for oral administration, formulations may be in the form of tablets or capsules; and for intranasal formulations, in the form of powders, nasal drops, or aerosols.

Methods well-known in the art for making formulations are to be found in, for example, "Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences." Formulations for parenteral administration may, for example, contain as excipients sterile water or saline, polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, oils of vegetable origin, or hydrogenated naphthalenes, biocompatible, biodegradable lactide polymer, or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers may be used to control the release of the present factors. Other potentially useful parenteral delivery systems for the factors include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer particles, osmotic pumps, implantable infusion systems, and liposomes. Formulations for inhalation may contain as excipients, for example, lactose, or may be aqueous solutions containing, for example, polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether, glycocholate and deoxycholate, or may be oily solutions for administration in the form of nasal drops, or as a gel to be applied intranasally. Formulations for parenteral administration may also include glycocholate for buccal administration, methoxysalicylate for rectal administration, or citric acid for vaginal administration.

The present factors can be used as the sole active agents, or can be used in combination with other active ingredients, e.g., other growth factors which could facilitate neuronal survival in neurological diseases, or peptidase or protease inhibitors.

The concentration of the present factors in the formulations of the invention will vary depending upon a number of issues, including the dosage to be administered, and the route of administration.

In general terms, the factors of this invention may be provided in an aqueous physiological buffer solution containing about 0.1 to 10% w/v compound for parenteral administration. General dose ranges are from about 1 .mu.g/kg to about 1 g/kg of body weight per day; a preferred dose range is from about 0.01 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg of body weight per day. The preferred dosage to be administered is likely to depend upon the type and extent of progression of the pathophysiological condition being addressed, the overall health of the patient, the make up of the formulation, and the route of administration.

A further general aspect of the invention is the use of a factor of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament, preferably for the treatment of a disease or disorder. The "GGF2" designation is used for all clones which were previously isolated with peptide sequence data derived from GGF-II protein (i.e., GF2HBS5, GGF2BPP3) and, when present alone (i.e., GGF2 OR rhGGF2), to indicate recombinant human protein encoded by plasmids isolated with peptide sequence data derived from the GGF-II protein (i.e., as produced in insect cells from the plasmid HBS5). Recombinant human GGF from the GGFHBS5 clone is called GGF2, rhGGF2 and GGF2HBS5 polypeptide.

Methods for treatment of diseases or disorders using neuregulins in this manner are also part of the invention. Administration of neuregulins to induce the production of a substance or substances from a neuregulin responsive cell can be used in any disorder where an increase in a neuregulin inducible substance that is trophic for the disease affected neurons would be of benefit. In peripheral nerve injury or peripheral nerve disorders such as the neuropathies administration of neuregulins will elicit the production of neurotrophic substances from known neuregulin target tissues such as Schwann cells and muscle. These induced substances can enhance axonal repair. Alzheimer's disease is another target for neuregulin therapy. In the brain, neuregulins are detectable in cholinergic motor neurons (Chen, et al., J. Comparative Neurology (1994) 349:389-400), these neurons degenerate in Alzheimer's disease and many show trophic responses to neurotrophic factors such as NGF. Neuregulins can be used to induce the synthesis of neurotrophic factors in those neurons that interact with cholinergic neurons. Similar therapeutic approaches may be used in other neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy or any disease where stimulation of the synthesis of substances that are trophic for disease affected neurons might be of benefit.

Methods for treatment of diseases or disorders using nucleic acid constructs encoding neuregulins or neuregulin producer cells are also part of the invention.

Delivery of DNA to a cell or tissue that will take up the DNA, express the DNA and produce neuregulin as shown by Wolff et al., (Science (1990) 247:1465) and Ascadi et al., (Nature (1991) 352:815) is an aspect of the invention. The neuregulin produced by this method will act on the first cell type and elicit the responses described above. Genetic modification of cultured cells (or their precursors) such as fibroblasts (as shown by Wolff et al. Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci. USA (1988) 86:1575 ) or such as those derived from the nervous system (as shown by Weiss et al. International Patent Application number PCT/US94/01053; publication number WO 94/16718) to induce the production of neuregulin from the cultured cells is another aspect of this invention. The genetically modified neuregulin producer cells can be transplanted to a position near the first cell type and elicit the responses described above.

Assays for Determining Neuregulin Effect(s) on Cellular Communication

Described below are generic methods for detecting the ability of a neuregulin to induce in a first cell type, the production of a product (Product A) that is trophic for a second cell type. A general reference on cell and tissue culture is Cell and Tissue Culture: Laboratory Procedures (Ed. by A. Doyle, J. B. Griffiths, and D. G. Newell, John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1994). General references on the culture of neural cells and tissues are Methods in Neurosciences, Vol. 2 (Ed. by P. M. Conn. Academic Press, Sand Diego, Calif., 1990) and Culturing Nerve Cells (Ed. by G. Banker and K. Goslin, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1991). General references of immunocytochemistry are Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual (E. Harlow and D. Lane, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1988), and Immunocytochemistry II (Ed. by A. C. Cuello, John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1993).

The vertebrate cells used in this invention may be cultured in a variety of media. Commercially available media such as Ham's F10(Sigma), Minimal Essential Medium ([MEM], Sigma), RPMI-1640 (Sigma), and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium ([DMEM], Sigma) are suitable for culturing the host cells. In addition, any of the media described in Ham and Wallace, Meth. Enz. (1979) 58:44; Barnes and Sato, Anal. Biochem. (1980) 102:255; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,767,704; 4,657,866; 4,927,762; or 4,560,655; WO 90/03430; WO 87/00195 and U.S. Pat. Re. 30,985, may be used as culture media for the host cells. Any of these media may be supplemented as necessary with hormones and/or other growth factors (such as insulin, transferrin, or epidermal growth factor), salts (such as sodium chloride, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate), buffers (such as HEPES), nucleosides (such as adenosine and thymidine), antibiotics (such as Gentamycin.TM. drug), trace elements (defined as inorganic compounds usually present at final concentrations in the micromolar range), and glucose or an equivalent energy source. Any other necessary supplements may also be included at appropriate concentrations that would be known to those skilled in the art. The culture conditions, such as temperature, pH, and the like, are those previously used with the host cell selected for expression and will be apparent to the ordinarily skilled artisan.

Method I

The use of separate cultures of a first cell type and a second cell type, to demonstrate that neuregulin induces the first cell type to produce a secreted substance that is trophic for the second cell type.

1. Establish cultures of cells from the tissue of interest (e.g. spinal cord, pancreas, gut, etc.). These cultures are enriched for the first cell type such that preferably greater than 90% of the cells can be demonstrated to be the same cell type through the use of immunocytochemical and/or enzymatic markers (e.g. tubulin b3 for neurons (A. Banerjee, M. C. Roach, P. Trcka, and R. F. Luduena Increased microtubule assembly in bovine brain tubulin lacking the type III isotype of b tubulin. J. Biol. Chem. (1990) 265:1794-1799), Islet-1 for pancreatic islet cells (O. Karlsson, S. Thor, T. Norbert, H. Ohlsson, and T. Edlund Insulin gene enhanced binding protein Isl-1 is a member of a novel class of proteins containing both a homeo and a Cys-His domain. Nature (1990) 344:879-882)).

2. Establish cultures of cells from the same tissue of interest as in step 1. These cultures are enriched for the second cell type such that preferably greater than 90% of the cells can be demonstrated to be the same cell type through the use of immunocytochemical and/or enzymatic markers.

3. Expose the first cell type cultures to varying doses of neuregulin for varying periods of time, preferably greater than 1 minute and less than 7 days. At the end of the culture period, collect the conditioned culture medium, remove debris by centrifugation (200 g, 10 minutes) and filtration (nylon filter, 0.22 mm pore size). This medium (conditioned medium) will contain the secreted product(s) of the first cell type , Product A.

4. Replace or supplement the medium of the second cell type cultures with media prepared as in step 3. Include among these medium samples, medium that has been conditioned by the first cell type cultures in the absence of neuregulin (control conditioned medium). Include among the medium samples, media containing neuregulin that have not been conditioned by the first cell type cultures (non-conditioned medium).

5. Maintain the second cell type cultures as described in step 4 for varying periods of time preferably greater than 1 day and less than 7 days. Assess various aspects of cellular phenotype such as, but not limited to, cell survival, morphology, production of enzymes and secreted products, etc.

6. Assess the effects of the neuregulin. The neuregulin is trophic for the first cell type in a manner that promotes the production of products trophic for the second cell type if:

a. Medium conditioned by the first cell type cultures in the presence of neuregulin maintains or increases desired aspects of cellular phenotype such as, but not limited to cell survival, morphology, production of enzymes and secreted products, etc.; b. equal volumes of control conditioned medium lack the activity described in criterion (a.), or demonstrate lesser degrees of the activity described in criterion (a.); and c. equal volumes of non-conditioned medium lack the activity described in criterion (a.), or demonstrate lesser degrees of the activity described in criterion (a.).

The induction by neuregulin of a secreted product, Product A, such that Product A affects a third cell type, can also be tested as in Method I. Establish cultures of cells from the same tissue of interest as in step 1. These cultures are enriched for the third cell type, such that preferably greater than 90% of the cells can be demonstrated to be the same cell type through the use of immunocytochemical and/or enzymatic markers. Substitute the third cell type cultures for the second cell type cultures in steps 4-6.

If Product A is not secreted, but is bound to the surface of the first cell type, or is bound to insoluble extracellular matrix associated with the first cell type, an alternative procedure is to be used:

Method II

The use of separate cultures of the first and second cell types, to demonstrate that neuregulin induces the first cell type to produce a substance on its surface that is trophic for the second cell type.

1. Establish cultures of cells from the tissue of interest (e.g. spinal cord, pancreas, gut, etc.). These cultures are enriched for the first cell type such that preferably greater than 90% of the cells can be demonstrated to be the same cell type through the use of immunocytochemical and/or enzymatic markers (e.g. tubulin b3 for neurons, Islet-1 for pancreatic islet cells).

2. Expose the first cell type cultures to varying doses of neuregulin for varying periods of time, preferably greater than 1 hour and less than 7 days. At the end of the culture period, remove the culture medium and establish a co-culture of the first and second cell types as follows. Rinse the first cell type cultures 3 times with fresh culture medium lacking neuregulin so as to rinse away residual neuregulin. Add back a suspension of the second cell type, from the same tissue of interest as in step 1 in fresh medium lacking neuregulin. The suspension is enriched for the second cell type, such that preferably greater than 90% of the cells can be demonstrated to be the same cell type through the use of immunocytochemical and/or enzymatic markers.

3. In parallel to step 2, plate the same suspension of cells of the second cell type on the first cell type cultures that have not been treated with neuregulin (control co-cultures).

4. Maintain the first cell type/second cell type co-cultures for varying periods of time preferably greater than 1 day and less than 7 days. Assess various aspects of cellular phenotype of the second cell type such as, but not limited to, cell survival, morphology, production of enzymes and secreted products, etc.

5. Assess the effects of neuregulin. Neuregulin is trophic for the first cell type in a manner that promotes the production of products trophic for the second cell type if:

a. The first cell type cultures pre-treated with neuregulin maintain or increase desired aspects of cellular phenotype of the second cell type such as, but not limited to cell survival, morphology, production of enzymes and secreted products, etc.; and b. The first cell type cultures that have not been pre-treated with Product A lack the activity described in criterion (a.), or demonstrate lesser degrees of the activity described in criterion (a.).

The induction by neuregulin of a cell surface-bound or extracellular matrix-bound product, Product A, such that Product A affects a third cell type, can also be tested as in Method II. In steps 2-4, use a suspension of the third cell type rather than the second cell type such that preferably greater than 90% of the cells can be demonstrated to be the third cell type through the use of immunocytochemical and/or enzymatic markers.

Described below are methods for detecting the activities of a neuregulin that induces neuronally-associated tissues to produce a neurotrophic product or product(s) (Product A):

Method III

The use of separate cultures of neurons and neuronally associated tissues, to demonstrate that neuregulin induces a neuronally associated tissue (the first cell type) to produce a secreted product that is trophic for neurons (the second cell type).

1. Establish neuron-free cultures of neuronally-associated cell types (e.g. glia, fibroblasts). These cultures are enriched for a single cell type (the first cell type) such that preferably greater than 90% of the cells can be demonstrated to be the same cell type through the use of immunocytochemical and/or enzymatic markers (e.g. S-100 for peripheral glia (K. R. Jessen and R. Mirsky Schwann cell: early lineage, regulation of proliferation and control of myelin formation. Curr. Op. Neurobiol. (1992) 2:575-581), fibronectin for fibroblasts (K. M. Yamada Cell surface interactions with extracellular materials. Ann. Rev. Biochem. (1983) 52:761-799)).

2. Establish cultures of neurons from the neuronal tissue of interest (e.g. superior cervical ganglion, spinal motor column). These cultures are enriched for neurons (the second cell type) such that preferably greater than 90% of the cells can be demonstrated to be the same cell type through the use of immunocytochemical and/or enzymatic markers (e.g. tubulin b3 for all neurons, choline acetyltransferase for cholinergic neurons (J.C. Martinou, A. L. V. Thai, G. Cassar, F. Roubinet, and M. J. Weber Characterization of two factors enhancing choline acetyltransferase in cultures of purified rat motoneurons. J. Neurosci. (1989) 9:3645-3656)).

3. Expose the first cell type cultures to varying doses of neuregulin for varying periods of time, preferably greater than 1 hour and less than 7 days. At the end of the culture period, collect the conditioned culture medium, remove debris by centrifugation (200 g, 10 minutes) and filtration (nylon filter, 0.22 mm pore size).

4. Replace or supplement the medium of the second cell type cultures with media prepared as in step 3. Include among these medium samples, medium that has been conditioned by the first cell type cultures in the absence of neuregulin (control conditioned medium). Include among the medium samples, media containing neuregulin that have not been conditioned by the first cell type cultures (non-conditioned medium).

5. Maintain the second cell type cultures as described in step 4 for varying periods of time preferably greater than 1 day and less than 7 days. Assess various aspects of neuronal phenotype such as, but not limited to cell survival, neurite (axon or dendrite) outgrowth, neurotransmitter phenotype, etc.

6. Assess the effects of neuregulin. Neuregulin is trophic for neuronally-associated tissues in a manner that promotes the production of neurotrophic products if:

a. Medium conditioned by the first cell type cultures in the presence of neuregulin maintains or increases desired aspects of neuronal phenotype such as, but not limited to cell survival, increased neurite (axon or dendrite) outgrowth, neurotransmitter synthesis, etc.; b. equal volumes of control conditioned medium lack the activity described in criterion (a.), or demonstrate lesser degrees of the activity described in criterion (a.); and c. equal volumes of non-conditioned medium lack the activity described in criterion (a.), or demonstrate lesser degrees of the activity described in criterion (a.).

If Product A is not secreted, but is bound to the surface of the first cell type, or is bound to insoluble extracellular matrix associated with the first cell type, an alternative procedure is to be used:

Method IV

The use of separate cultures of neurons and neuronally associated tissues, to demonstrate that neuregulin induces a neuronally associated tissue (the first cell type) to produce a substance on its surface that is trophic for neurons.

1. Establish neuron-free cultures of neuronally-associated cell types (e.g. glia, fibroblasts). These cultures are enriched for a single cell type (the first cell type) such that preferably greater than 90% of the cells can be demonstrated to be the same cell type through the use of immunocytochemical and/or enzymatic markers (e.g. S-100 for peripheral glia, fibronectin for fibroblasts).

2. Expose the first cell type cultures to varying doses of neuregulin for varying periods of time, preferably greater than 1 hour and less than 7 days. At the end of the culture period, remove the culture medium and establish a co-culture of the first cell type and neurons (the second cell type) as follows. Rinse the first cell type cultures 3 times with fresh culture medium lacking neuregulin so as to rinse away residual neuregulin. Add back a suspension of neurons from the neuronal tissue of interest (e.g. superior cervical ganglion, spinal motor column) in fresh medium lacking neuregulin. The suspension is enriched for the second cell type such that preferably greater than 90% of the cells can be demonstrated to be the same cell type through the use of immunocytochemical and/or enzymatic markers (e.g. tubulin b3 for all neurons, choline acetyltransferase for cholinergic neurons).

3. In parallel to step 2, plate the same suspension of the second cell type cells on the first cell type cultures that have not been treated with Product A (control co-cultures).

4. Maintain the first cell type/second cell type co-cultures for varying periods of time preferably greater than I day and less than 7 days. Assess various aspects of neuronal phenotype such as, but not limited to cell survival, neurite (axon or dendrite) outgrowth, neurotransmitter phenotype, etc.

5. Assess the effects of neuregulin. Neuregulin is trophic for the first cell type in a manner that promotes the production of products trophic for the second cell type if:

a. The first cell type cultures pre-treated with neuregulin maintain or increase desired aspects of neuronal phenotype such as, but not limited to cell survival, neurite (axon or dendrite) outgrowth, neurotransmitter phenotype, etc.; and b. The first cell type cultures that have not been pre-treated with Product A lack the activity described in criterion (a.), or demonstrate lesser degrees of the activity described in criterion (a.).

If cultures of non-neuronal cells of interest greater than 90% pure have not been established, the following method can be used:

Method V

The use of a mixed culture, to demonstrate that neuregulins induce the first cell type (neuronally associated cell types) to produce a product (Product A) that affects the second cell type.

1. Establish undissociated, explant cultures of the neuronal tissue of interest (e.g. superior cervical ganglion, spinal motor column). These cultures are not enriched for various cell types and are constituted of both neurons (the second cell type) and neuronally-associated cell types (the first cell type) as demonstrated through the use of immunocytochemical and/or enzymatic markers (e.g. tubulin b3 for all neurons, acetylcholinesterase for cholinergic neurons, S-100 for peripheral glia, fibronectin for fibroblasts).

2. Expose explant cultures to varying doses of neuregulin for varying periods of time, preferably greater than 1 hour and less than 7 days. At the end of the culture period, assess various aspects of neuronal phenotype such as, but not limited to neuron survival, neurite (axon or dendrite) outgrowth, neurotransmitter phenotype, etc.

3. Establish cultures of neurons from the neuronal tissue of interest (e.g. superior cervical ganglion, spinal motor column). These cultures are enriched for neurons (the second cell type) such that preferably greater than 90% of the cells can be demonstrated to be the same cell type through the use of immunocytochemical and/or enzymatic markers (e.g. tubulin b3 for all neurons, choline acetyltransferase for cholinergic neurons).

4. Expose the second cell type cultures to varying doses of neuregulin for varying periods of time, preferably greater than 1 hour and less than 7 days. At the end of the culture period, assess various aspects of neuronal phenotype such as, but not limited to neuron survival, neurite (axon or dendrite) outgrowth, neurotransmitter phenotype, etc.

5. Assess the effects of neuregulin. Neuregulin is trophic for neuronally-associated tissues in a manner that promotes the production of neurotrophic products if:

a. in explant cultures the presence of neuregulin maintains or increases desired aspects of neuronal phenotype such as, but not limited to neuron survival, neurite (axon or dendrite) outgrowth, neurotransmitter synthesis, etc.; and b. in the second cell type cultures, neuregulin lacks the activity described in criterion (a.), or demonstrates lesser degrees of the activity described in criterion (a.)

EXAMPLES

Example 1

The Effect of Recombinant Human Glial Growth Factor 2 on Sympathetic Ganglion Outgrowth in an In Vitro Model of Peripheral Nerve Gap Entubulation

Purpose

One approach to the repair of injuries in which a peripheral nerve has been severed is to suture the nerve endings together via a biocompatible tube, a procedure referred to as entubulation. The tube may be filled with various agents thought to improve the growth and regeneration of the nerve. Peripheral nerves contain a variety of cell types: neurons (or more appropriately, the axons emanating from neuron cell bodies located in the spinal cord and associated ganglia), Schwann cells (peripheral glia), fibroblasts, and resident macrophages. Axons regenerate from the side of the nerve gap proximal to the spinal cord and associated ganglia; other cell types contribute to regeneration by migrating in from both sides of the gap and proliferating.

In an effort to devise an in vitro model of entubulation, a technique was developed in which fragments of the rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) are cultured in segments of surgical tubing used in whole animal models of peripheral nerve entubulation. SCG neurons are homogenous in their trophic requirements and project axons exclusively through peripheral nerves; SCG fragments also contain Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages. In this model the SCG fragments serve as surrogate proximal nerve endings, and the outgrowth of axons and supporting cell types can be observed in a simplified environment. The focus of this example was to examine the effects of rhGGF2 on Schwann cell and axon behavior in this in vitro model of peripheral nerve entubulation.

Methods and Materials

Tube Preparation

Tubing used for this study was polyethylene tubing with an internal diameter of 1.19 mm and outer diameter of 1.70 mm (Intramedic.RTM.; Becton Dickinson and Company; Parsippany, N.J.). A length of tubing somewhat longer than actually needed was cut in a sterile tissue culture hood, immersed in 70% ethanol, and flushed repeatedly with 70% ethanol using a syringe with a 19-gauge needle. After soaking the tubing for approximately 30 minutes, it was flushed again with air, and allowed to dry in the hood. After drying, the tubing was cut into 10 mm segments with a sterile scalpel, and stored in a sterile Petri dish.

Culture Medium

Culture medium was made freshly on the day of culture assembly. All components were kept cold (either 4.degree. C. or on ice), as was the final solution until culture assembly was completed.

______________________________________Sterile Water 2.60Sodium bicarbonate (2% w/v) 1.50Penicillin/Streptomycin stock* 0.15L-Glutamine (200 mM) 0.15Fetal Bovine Serum** 0.75Sodium hydroxide (0.1 M) 0.9010x Medium*** 1.50Collagen solution**** 7.40TOTAL 15.00 ml______________________________________ *5000 units/ml penicillin, 5 mg/ml streptomycin **heat inactivated (Hyclone; Logan, UT) ***one packet of low glucose Dulbecco's Modified Essential Medium (DMEM: Gibco/BRL; Grand Island, NY) meant to make 1 liter of medium dissolved in 100 ml of sterile water ****3 mg/ml Vitrogen100 .RTM. (Celtrix Pharmaceuticals; Santa Clara, CA) Medium was used as is, or was supplemented with rhGGF2 as indicated. Tube Culture Assembly

A schematic diagram of culture assembly is shown in FIG. 1. SCGs were dissected from postnatal day 0-2 rats on the day of assembly, cleaned of connective tissues and proximal nerve stumps, bisected, and stored in physiological saline at 4.degree. till needed. Since the collagen-containing medium gels at room temperature or higher, it is necessary to assemble the cultures in 4.degree. cold room. Working with watchman's forceps under a dissection microscope at total magnification of 8x, individual segments of cleaned tubing were picked up and filled with culture medium using a syringe with a 27-gauge needle. A single piece of bisected SCG was then placed at the very end of each tube, and each tube placed in an individual well of a 24-well tissue culture plate. Only the central eight wells of a 24-well plate were used for tube placement, and the remaining wells were filled with sterile water to maintain plate humidity. The plate was then placed in a 37.degree., 10% carbon dioxide incubator. After allowing the cultures to gel and equilibrate with the incubator atmosphere, the plates were sealed with paraffin film to further protect the culture assemblies from dehydration, and returned to the incubator until preparation for immunocytochemistry and analysis.

Immunocytochemistry

After 2, 5, and 10 days in vitro, the contents of individual tube cultures were extruded into phosphate buffered saline (PBS) using a PBS-filled syringe with a blunt-ended 18-gauge needle. The collagen gels retained structural integrity and were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 30 minutes at room temperature. After 3 washes with PBS, the cultures were blocked in 1% goat serum/0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 30 minutes. After blocking, the solution was changed to 1% goat serum in PBS (GPBS) containing 1:4 rabbit anti-S-100 (a Schwann cell marker; Incstar; Stillwater, Minn.) and 1:400 mouse anti-tubulin b3 (an axon marker; Sigma; St. Louis, Mo.). After incubating the samples in primary antibody for 1 hour at room temperature, they were washed 3 times with PBS, and incubated for an additional hour in GPBS containing 1:200 peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin, and 1:200 alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (Pierce Chemical; Rockford, Ill.). The samples were then washed 3 times with PBS, and the stains developed. The S-100 was first developed using stable pre-mixed NBT/BCIP (Gibco/BRL) to yield a blue stain, and after rinsing with PBS, the tubulin b3 was developed using 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC; Sigma) per manufacturer's directions. After final rinsing with PBS, the samples were mounted on microscope slides using aqueous mounting medium. After the mounting medium dried, the cellular outgrowth could be analyzed.

Scoring and Analysis

As schematized in FIG. 2, a grid reticule was placed in the microscope ocular, and at a total magnification of 160.times., the total number of S-100.sup.+ Schwann cells in each column (referred to as "bins") was counted. Each bin has width of 50 mm as determined using a stage micrometer. And as noted, the number tubulin-b3.sup.+ neurites intersecting every vertical line was also counted. The actual grid was not large enough to cover the entire length of cellular outgrowth and was shifted along as needed by translational movement of the microscope stage. All data points represent the average.+-.the standard error of the mean (n=6 to 7 for every data point).

Results

First shown is the analysis of Schwann cell number as a function of distance from the SCG explant (FIG. 3A-D). It is clear that the presence of rhGGF2 affects the behavior of Schwann cells relative to the control condition. There does not appear to be any difference among the 3 doses of rhGGF2. Generally, by 5 days in rhGGF2, there is a large increase in the number of Schwann cells proximal to the explant, but the Schwann cells appear to have moved only about as far as they have in the control case (somewhat further at the highest dose). By 10 days in rhGGF2 the overall number of Schwann cells has decreased, but the cells still present have definitely migrated farther than in the absence of rhGGF2. In the absence of rhGGF2, the controls look no different between days 5 and 10. The total number of Schwann cells in the various conditions is shown in FIG. 4. Again, there is a decrease in cell number at day 10, but there is no obvious difference between the different doses of rhGGF2. The day 10 tubes contain more debris, and this is probably due to cell death. This is due to the culture situation since 10 days appears to be the longest that one can maintain these tube cultures without overt signs of dehydration and nutrient depletion in the limited volume of culture medium (approximately 10 .mu.l per tube).

A difference is apparent when neurites are scored in the various doses of rhGGF2 (FIG. 5). At doses of rhGGF2 greater than or equal to 50 ng/ml, a profound increase takes place in the number of neurites and the extent to which they have grown away from the explant.

Discussion and Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the dose range in which there are observable effects on Schwann cell proliferation and emigration from the explant is different from that which causes a major increase in neurite outgrowth. In the case of the former, it appears that the effect has plateaued at the lowest dose tested, 5 ng/ml. As for the requirement of.gtoreq.50 ng/ml rhGGF2 to boost neurite regeneration, there are two possible mechanisms to account for this. One is that rhGGF2 is acting directly upon the neurons, and the other is that rhGGF2 induces a non-neuronal cell type to produce a neurite promoting factor (e.g. NGF, secreted extracellular matrix proteins, proteases, and/or protease inhibitors). As is demonstrated in Example 2, the first hypothesis is not likely since rhGGF2 has no effect upon neuronal survival or outgrowth in low density cultures of dissociated SCG neurons. This lack of a direct effect on neurons implies that the rhGGF2 promotion of neurite outgrowth is due to rhGGF2 induced production of neurite promoting factors by non-neuronal cells.

Example 2

The Promotion of Axon Outgrowth by Recombinant Human Glial Growth Factor 2 is Not Due to a Direct Effect on Neurons

Purpose

As demonstrated in Example 1, rhGGF2 not only promotes Schwann cell proliferation and migration in an in vitro model of peripheral nerve entubulation, but also promotes robust axonal outgrowth. To test whether this may be due to direct effects of rhGGF2 on SCG neurons, low density cultures of dissociated SCG neurons were established in which the effects of rhGGF2 could be examined. SCG neurons are normally dependent upon nerve growth factor (NGF) for survival, so rhGGF2 was tested for direct neuronal effects in the simultaneous presence of a wide range of NGF concentrations.

Methods and Materials

Cell Culture

SCGs were dissected from postnatal day 0-2 rats, cleaned of connective tissue and proximal nerve stumps, and dissociated by enzymatic digestion and trituration. Enzymatic digestion was performed using 1 mg/ml trypsin (Sigma; St. Louis, Mo.) and 1 mg/ml collagenase (Boehringer-Mannheim; Indianapolis, IN) in calcium- and magnesium-free Hanks's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS; Gibco/BRL; Grand Island, N.Y.), for 1 hour at 37.degree. C. Trituration was performed using a flame-polished Pasteur pipet. Dissociated neurons were taken up in plating medium and pre-plated in tissue culture dishes for 1 hour to remove the majority of the rapidly adherent, non-neuronal cells. Plating medium consisted of low glucose DMEM (Gibco/BRL) supplemented with glutamine, penicillin/streptomycin, and fetal bovine serum to the same concentrations as described in Example 1. Non-adherent cells (primarily neurons), were pelleted by centrifugation and resuspended in plating medium. These cells were finally plated at a density of 5000 cells per well in collagen-coated, 24-well plates such that the cells were exposed to a 2-dimensional dose-response matrix of NGF and rhGGF2 (FIG. 6A). Plates were set up in duplicate on 2 different dates; at the completion of both experiments N=4 for each of the 24 conditions. The cultures were only allowed to progress for 2 days since this is a time frame in which any contaminating Schwann cells could have only undergone a single doubling, and sufficient for ascertaining whether the factors have promoted neuronal survival.

Staining and Scoring of the Cultures

After 2 days, the cultures were fixed and stained for tubulin b3 as described in Example 1. The tubulin b3-positive, neurite-bearing cells were counted in each well at a total magnification of 100.times.. Due to meniscus effects, and incubator vibration during the initial plating period, cells tend to preferentially concentrate in the center of the well. Thus in order to get a reasonably representative count of cell number 5 fields per well were counted: the center most field and four flanking fields (FIG. 6B). This manner of counting was used on all wells and is sufficiently consistent for the purpose of comparing the effects of different growth factor concentrations and combinations. The number of cells counted in every well was normalized such that the average number counted in the wells that eceived 0 ng/ml rhGGF2, and 100 ng/ml NGF equals a value of 100.

Results

It is clear from the results presented in FIG. 7, that rhGGF2 has no direct effect on the survival of SCG neurons. All surviving neurons exhibited robust axon outgrowth, and there was no noticeable effect on the extent of axon outgrowth. As expected in the absence of rhGGF2, the number of neurons reaches a plateau at 10 ng/ml. The presence or absence of rhGGF2 appears to make no difference at the 3 doses tested.

Discussion and Conclusions

In light of the results presented in Example 1, it was necessary to examine whether the effect of rhGGF2 on axon outgrowth could be attributed to a direct effect of rhGGF2 on the neurons in question. The results of Example 2 make it clear that this is not the case. Thus one must conclude that the effect of rhGGF2 on axon outgrowth observed in the tube paradigm is due to a "bystander effect" rather than a direct action on the neurons. Thus rhGGF2 can promote the healing response of injured neurons by inducing the production of neurite promoting factors by non-neuronal support cells.

Example 3

Increase in Myelinated Axon Growth in an Animal Model of Peripheral Nerve Injury Mediated by a Neuregulin

An animal model of peripheral nerve repair was used to test the ability of a neuregulin (rhGGF2) to increase the number of regenerating axons. The rationale is that added rhGGF2 will induce increases in Schwann cell (the first cell type) numbers as well as increases in the levels of trophic factors (Product A) produced by Schwann cells that, in turn, will affect a second cell type, the regenerating axons (the second cell type) as measured by increases in the number of myelinated axons (response).

Fisher 344 rats (male, 195-250 g) were surgically prepared and one sciatic nerve was transected resulting in a 10mm gap. Polyethylene guide tubes (13mm in length, 1.1 mm internal diameter) were prepared. These tubes contained a flat sliver of a collagen coated Immobilon filter (1.0.times.10 mm) containing immobilized rhGGF2 and were prepared as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/293,465, filed on Aug. 19, 1994, hereby incorporated by reference. The strips were inserted into the lumen of the guide tubes. RhGGF2 was used at a concentration of 162 ug/uL (in phosphate buffered saline), 2.5 uL of this solution was added per strip. Control tubes were prepared containing collagen coated Immobilon strips treated with phosphate buffered saline alone. Tubes were secured with a single suture at the proximal and distal ends after filling the lumen with physiological saline and sealing the ends with vaseline.

Animals (10 rhGGF2 treated, 10 controls) were sacrificed at 28 days and the section of sciatic nerve containing the tube was excised, the nerve was removed from the tube and a cross section was taken from the mid point of the tube and prepared for histological analysis. The material was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde for 24 h and then post fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and embedded in glycomethacrylate One micron cross sections were taken and stained with 1 uM toluidine blue.

A histological analysis of a section from the mid point of the tube was performed and measurements were made of the total number of myelinated axons in a section and the total endoneurial area in each section. The data are shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B.

The rhGGF2 treated animals showed a 2.1 fold increase in the number of myelinated axons over the control animals.

The results of this study demonstrate a positive effect of exogenously added rhGGF2 on the growth of myelinated axons. In consideration of the data discussed in example 1 where rhGGF2 acts on Schwann cells to induce the synthesis of products that are trophic for regenerating axons in an in vitro paradigm it is concluded that a similar mechanism is responsible for the rhGGF2 mediated enhancement of the growth of axons in vivo.

__________________________________________________________________________# SEQUENCE LISTING- <160> NUMBER OF SEQ ID NOS: 87- <210> SEQ ID NO 1<211> LENGTH: 744<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (8)...(625)- <400> SEQUENCE: 1#ggc ttg aag aag gac 49 gcg aaa gcc ggg#Lys Ala Gly Gly Leu Lys Lys Asp# 10- tcg ctg ctc acc gtg cgc ctg ggc gcc tgg gg - #c cac ccc gcc ttc ccc 97Ser Leu Leu Thr Val Arg Leu Gly Ala Trp Gl - #y His Pro Ala Phe Pro# 30- tcc tgc ggg cgc ctc aag gag gac agc agg ta - #c atc ttc ttc atg gag 145Ser Cys Gly Arg Leu Lys Glu Asp Ser Arg Ty - #r Ile Phe Phe Met Glu# 45- ccc gag gcc aac agc agc ggc ggg ccc ggc cg - #c ctt ccg agc ctc ctt 193Pro Glu Ala Asn Ser Ser Gly Gly Pro Gly Ar - #g Leu Pro Ser Leu Leu# 60- ccc ccc tct cga gac ggg ccg gaa cct caa ga - #a gga ggt cag ccg ggt 241Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Gly Pro Glu Pro Gln Gl - #u Gly Gly Gln Pro Gly# 75- gct gtg caa cgg tgc gcc ttg cct ccc cgc tt - #g aaa gag atg aag agt 289Ala Val Gln Arg Cys Ala Leu Pro Pro Arg Le - #u Lys Glu Met Lys Ser# 90- cag gag tct gtg gca ggt tcc aaa cta gtg ct - #t cgg tgc gag acc agt 337Gln Glu Ser Val Ala Gly Ser Lys Leu Val Le - #u Arg Cys Glu Thr Ser#110- tct gaa tac tcc tct ctc aag ttc aag tgg tt - #c aag aat ggg agt gaa 385Ser Glu Tyr Ser Ser Leu Lys Phe Lys Trp Ph - #e Lys Asn Gly Ser Glu# 125- tta agc cga aag aac aaa cca gaa aac atc aa - #g ata cag aaa agg ccg 433Leu Ser Arg Lys Asn Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Ly - #s Ile Gln Lys Arg Pro# 140- ggg aag tca gaa ctt cgc att agc aaa gcg tc - #a ctg gct gat tct gga 481Gly Lys Ser Glu Leu Arg Ile Ser Lys Ala Se - #r Leu Ala Asp Ser Gly# 155- gaa tat atg tgc aaa gtg atc agc aaa cta gg - #a aat gac agt gcc tct 529Glu Tyr Met Cys Lys Val Ile Ser Lys Leu Gl - #y Asn Asp Ser Ala Ser# 170- gcc aac atc acc att gtg gag tca aac ggt aa - #g aga tgc cta ctg cgt 577Ala Asn Ile Thr Ile Val Glu Ser Asn Gly Ly - #s Arg Cys Leu Leu Arg175 1 - #80 1 - #85 1 -#90- gct att tct cag tct cta aga gga gtg atc aa - #g gta tgt ggt cac act 625Ala Ile Ser Gln Ser Leu Arg Gly Val Ile Ly - #s Val Cys Gly His Thr# 205- tgaatcacgc aggtgtgtga aatctcattg tcaacaaata aaaatcatga aa - #ggaaaaaa 685- aaaaaaaaaa aatcgatgtc gactcgagat gtggctgcag gtcgactcta ga - #ggatccc 744- <210> SEQ ID NO 2<211> LENGTH: 206<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 2- His Gln Val Trp Ala Ala Lys Ala Gly Gly Le - #u Lys Lys Asp Ser Leu# 15- Leu Thr Val Arg Leu Gly Ala Trp Gly His Pr - #o Ala Phe Pro Ser Cys# 30- Gly Arg Leu Lys Glu Asp Ser Arg Tyr Ile Ph - #e Phe Met Glu Pro Glu# 45- Ala Asn Ser Ser Gly Gly Pro Gly Arg Leu Pr - #o Ser Leu Leu Pro Pro# 60- Ser Arg Asp Gly Pro Glu Pro Gln Glu Gly Gl - #y Gln Pro Gly Ala Val#80- Gln Arg Cys Ala Leu Pro Pro Arg Leu Lys Gl - #u Met Lys Ser Gln Glu# 95- Ser Val Ala Gly Ser Lys Leu Val Leu Arg Cy - #s Glu Thr Ser Ser Glu# 110- Tyr Ser Ser Leu Lys Phe Lys Trp Phe Lys As - #n Gly Ser Glu Leu Ser# 125- Arg Lys Asn Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Lys Ile Gl - #n Lys Arg Pro Gly Lys# 140- Ser Glu Leu Arg Ile Ser Lys Ala Ser Leu Al - #a Asp Ser Gly Glu Tyr145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Met Cys Lys Val Ile Ser Lys Leu Gly Asn As - #p Ser Ala Ser Ala Asn# 175- Ile Thr Ile Val Glu Ser Asn Gly Lys Arg Cy - #s Leu Leu Arg Ala Ile# 190- Ser Gln Ser Leu Arg Gly Val Ile Lys Val Cy - #s Gly His Thr# 205- <210> SEQ ID NO 3<211> LENGTH: 1193<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 3- cctgcagcat caagtgtggg cggcgaaagc cgggggcttg aagaaggact cg - #ctgctcac 60- cgtgcgcctg ggcgcctggg gccaccccgc cttcccctcc tgcgggcgcc tc - #aaggagga 120- cagcaggtac atcttcttca tggagcccga ggccaacagc agcggcgggc cc - #ggccgcct 180- tccgagcctc cttcccccct ctcgagacgg gccggaacct caagaaggag gt - #cagccggg 240- tgctgtgcaa cggtgcgcct tgcctccccg cttgaaagag atgaagagtc ag - #gagtctgt 300- ggcaggttcc aaactagtgc ttcggtgcga gaccagttct gaatactcct ct - #ctcaagtt 360- caagtggttc aagaatggga gtgaattaag ccgaaagaac aaaccagaaa ac - #atcaagat 420- acagaaaagg ccggggaagt caggacttcg cattagcaaa gcgtcactgg ct - #gattctgg 480- agaatatatg tgcaaagtga tcagcaaact aggaaatgac agtgcctctg cc - #aacatcac 540- cattgtggag tcaaacgcca catccacatc tacagctggg acaagccatc tt - #gtcaagtg 600- tgcagagaag gagaaaactt tctgtgtgaa tggaggcgag tgcttcatgg tg - #aaagacct 660- ttcaaatccc tcaagatact tgtgcaagtg ccaacctgga ttcactggag cg - #agatgtac 720- tgagaatgtg cccatgaaag tccaaaccca agaaagtgcc caaatgagtt ta - #ctggtgat 780- cgctgccaaa actacgtaat ggccagcttc tacagtacgt ccactccctt tc - #tgtctctg 840- cctgaatagc gcatctcagt cggtgccgct ttcttgttgc cgcatctccc ct - #cagattcc 900- tcctagagct agatgcgttt taccaggtct aacattgact gcctctgcct gt - #cgcatgag 960- aacattaaca caagcgattg tatgacttcc tctgtccgtg actagtgggc tc - #tgagctac1020- tcgtaggtgc gtaaggctcc agtgtttctg aaattgatct tgaattactg tg - #atacgaca1080- tgatagtccc tctcacccag tgcaatgaca ataaaggcct tgaaaagtca aa - #aaaaaaaa1140- aaaaaaaaaa aatcgatgtc gactcgagat gtggctgcag gtcgactcta ga - #g1193- <210> SEQ ID NO 4<211> LENGTH: 263<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 4- His Gln Val Trp Ala Ala Lys Ala Gly Gly Le - #u Lys Lys Asp Ser Leu# 15- Leu Thr Val Arg Leu Gly Ala Trp Gly His Pr - #o Ala Phe Pro Ser Cys# 30- Gly Arg Leu Lys Glu Asp Ser Arg Tyr Ile Ph - #e Phe Met Glu Pro Glu# 45- Ala Lys Ser Ser Gly Gly Pro Gly Arg Leu Pr - #o Ser Leu Leu Pro Pro# 60- Ser Arg Asp Gly Pro Glu Pro Gln Glu Gly Gl - #y Gln Pro Gly Ala Val#80- Gln Arg Cys Ala Leu Pro Pro Arg Leu Lys Gl - #u Met Lys Ser Gln Glu# 95- Ser Val Ala Gly Ser Lys Leu Val Leu Arg Cy - #s Glu Thr Ser Ser Glu# 110- Tyr Ser Ser Leu Lys Phe Lys Trp Phe Lys As - #n Gly Ser Glu Leu Ser# 125- Arg Lys Asn Lys Gly Gly Asn Ile Lys Ile Gl - #n Lys Arg Pro Gly Lys# 140- Ser Gly Leu Arg Ile Ser Lys Ala Ser Leu Al - #a Asp Ser Gly Glu Tyr145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Met Cys Lys Val Ile Ser Lys Leu Gly Asn As - #p Ser Ala Ser Ala Asn# 175- Ile Thr Ile Val Glu Ser Asn Ala Thr Ser Th - #r Ser Thr Ala Gly Thr# 190- Ser His Leu Val Lys Ser Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 205- Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 220- Leu Cys Lys Cys Gln Pro Gly Phe Thr Gly Al - #a Arg Cys Thr Glu Asn225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- Val Pro Met Lys Val Gln Thr Gln Glu Ser Al - #a Gln Met Ser Leu Leu# 255- Val Ile Ala Ala Lys Thr Thr 260- <210> SEQ ID NO 5<211> LENGTH: 1108<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (8)...(778)- <400> SEQUENCE: 5#ggc ttg aag aag gac 49 gcg aaa gcc ggg#Lys Ala Gly Gly Leu Lys Lys Asp# 10- tcg ctg ctc acc gtg cgc ctg ggc gcc tgg gg - #c cac ccc gcc ttc ccc 97Ser Leu Leu Thr Val Arg Leu Gly Ala Trp Gl - #y His Pro Ala Phe Pro# 30- tcc tgc ggg cgc ctc aag gag gac agc agg ta - #c atc ttc ttc atg gag 145Ser Cys Gly Arg Leu Lys Glu Asp Ser Arg Ty - #r Ile Phe Phe Met Glu# 45- ccc gag gcc aac agc agc ggc ggg ccc ggc cg - #c ctt ccg agc ctc ctt 193Pro Glu Ala Asn Ser Ser Gly Gly Pro Gly Ar - #g Leu Pro Ser Leu Leu# 60- ccc ccc tct cga gac ggg ccg gaa cct caa ga - #a gga ggt cag ccg ggt 241Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Gly Pro Glu Pro Gln Gl - #u Gly Gly Gln Pro Gly# 75- gct gtg caa cgg tgc gcc ttg cct ccc cgc tt - #g aaa gag atg aag agt 289Ala Val Gln Arg Cys Ala Leu Pro Pro Arg Le - #u Lys Glu Met Lys Ser# 90- cag gag tct gtg gca ggt tcc aaa cta gtg ct - #t cgg tgc gag acc agt 337Gln Glu Ser Val Ala Gly Ser Lys Leu Val Le - #u Arg Cys Glu Thr Ser#110- tct gaa tac tcc tct ctc aag ttc aag tgg tt - #c aag aat ggg agt gaa 385Ser Glu Tyr Ser Ser Leu Lys Phe Lys Trp Ph - #e Lys Asn Gly Ser Glu# 125- tta agc cga aag aac aaa cca gaa aac atc aa - #g ata cag aaa agg ccg 433Leu Ser Arg Lys Asn Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Ly - #s Ile Gln Lys Arg Pro# 140- ggg aag tca gaa ctt cgc att agc aaa gcg tc - #a ctg gct gat tct gga 481Gly Lys Ser Glu Leu Arg Ile Ser Lys Ala Se - #r Leu Ala Asp Ser Gly# 155- gaa tat atg tgc aaa gtg atc agc aaa cta gg - #a aat gac agt gcc tct 529Glu Tyr Met Cys Lys Val Ile Ser Lys Leu Gl - #y Asn Asp Ser Ala Ser# 170- gcc aac atc acc att gtg gag tca aac gcc ac - #a tcc aca tct aca gct 577Ala Asn Ile Thr Ile Val Glu Ser Asn Ala Th - #r Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala175 1 - #80 1 - #85 1 -#90- ggg aca agc cat ctt gtc aag tgt gca gag aa - #g gag aaa act ttc tgt 625Gly Thr Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Ly - #s Glu Lys Thr Phe Cys# 205- gtg aat gga ggc gag tgc ttc atg gtg aaa ga - #c ctt tca aat ccc tca 673Val Asn Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys As - #p Leu Ser Asn Pro Ser# 220- aga tac ttg tgc aag tgc cca aat gag ttt ac - #t ggt gat cgc tgc caa 721Arg Tyr Leu Cys Lys Cys Pro Asn Glu Phe Th - #r Gly Asp Arg Cys Gln# 235- aac tac gta atg gcc agc ttc tac agt acg tc - #c act ccc ttt ctg tct 769Asn Tyr Val Met Ala Ser Phe Tyr Ser Thr Se - #r Thr Pro Phe Leu Ser# 250- ctg cct gaa tagcgcatct cagtcggtgc cgctttcttg ttgccgcat - #c 818Leu Pro Glu255- tcccctcaga ttccgcctag agctagatgc gttttaccag gtctaacatt ga - #ctgcctct 878- gcctgtcgca tgagaacatt aacacaagcg attgtatgac ttcctctgtc cg - #tgactagt 938- gggctctgag ctactcgtag gtgcgtaagg ctccagtgtt tctgaaattg at - #cttgaatt 998- actgtgatac gacatgatag tccctctcac ccagtgcaat gacaataaag gc - #cttgaaaa1058# 1108aaaaaa aaaaatcgat gtcgactcga gatgtggctg- <210> SEQ ID NO 6<211> LENGTH: 257<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 6- His Gln Val Trp Ala Ala Lys Ala Gly Gly Le - #u Lys Lys Asp Ser Leu# 15- Leu Thr Val Arg Leu Gly Ala Trp Gly His Pr - #o Ala Phe Pro Ser Cys# 30- Gly Arg Leu Lys Glu Asp Ser Arg Tyr Ile Ph - #e Phe Met Glu Pro Glu# 45- Ala Asn Ser Ser Gly Gly Pro Gly Arg Leu Pr - #o Ser Leu Leu Pro Pro# 60- Ser Arg Asp Gly Pro Glu Pro Gln Glu Gly Gl - #y Gln Pro Gly Ala Val#80- Gln Arg Cys Ala Leu Pro Pro Arg Leu Lys Gl - #u Met Lys Ser Gln Glu# 95- Ser Val Ala Gly Ser Lys Leu Val Leu Arg Cy - #s Glu Thr Ser Ser Glu# 110- Tyr Ser Ser Leu Lys Phe Lys Trp Phe Lys As - #n Gly Ser Glu Leu Ser# 125- Arg Lys Asn Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Lys Ile Gl - #n Lys Arg Pro Gly Lys# 140- Ser Glu Leu Arg Ile Ser Lys Ala Ser Leu Al - #a Asp Ser Gly Glu Tyr145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Met Cys Lys Val Ile Ser Lys Leu Gly Asn As - #p Ser Ala Ser Ala Asn# 175- Ile Thr Ile Val Glu Ser Asn Ala Thr Ser Th - #r Ser Thr Ala Gly Thr# 190- Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 205- Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 220- Leu Cys Lys Cys Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr Gly As - #p Arg Cys Gln Asn Tyr225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- Val Met Ala Ser Phe Tyr Ser Thr Ser Thr Pr - #o Phe Leu Ser Leu Pro# 255- Glu- <210> SEQ ID NO 7<211> LENGTH: 559<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: N is unknown.- <400> SEQUENCE: 7- agtttccccc cccaacttgt cggaactctg ggctcgcgcg cagggcagga gc - #ggagcggc 60- ggcggctgcc caggcgatgc gagcgcgggc cggacggtaa tcgcctctcc ct - #cctcgggc 120- tgcgagcgcg ccggaccgag gcagcgacag gagcggaccg cggcgggaac cg - #aggactcc 180- ccagcggcgc gccagcagga gccaccccgc gagncgtgcg accgggacgg ag - #cgcccgcc 240- agtcccaggt ggcccggacc gcacgttgcg tccccgcgct ccccgccggc ga - #caggagac 300- gctccccccc acgccgcgcg cgcctcggcc cggtcgctgg cccgcctcca ct - #ccggggac 360- aaacttttcc cgaagccgat cccagccctc ggacccaaac ttgtcgcgcg tc - #gccttcgc 420- cgggagccgt ccgcgcagag cgtgcacttc tcgggcgaga tgtcggagcg ca - #gagaaggc 480- aaaggcaagg ggaagggcgg caagaaggac cgaggctccg ggaagaagcc cg - #tgcccgcg 540#559 cag- <210> SEQ ID NO 8<211> LENGTH: 34<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 8- Met Ser Glu Arg Arg Glu Gly Lys Gly Lys Gl - #y Lys Gly Gly Lys Lys# 15- Asp Arg Gly Ser Gly Lys Lys Pro Val Pro Al - #a Ala Gly Gly Pro Ser# 30- Pro Ala- <210> SEQ ID NO 9<211> LENGTH: 231<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (132)...(231)- <400> SEQUENCE: 9- cgcgagcgcc tcagcgcggc cgctcgctct ccccctcgag ggacaaactt tt - #cccaaacc 60- cgatccgagc ccttggacca aactcgcctg cgccgagagc cgtccgcgta ga - #gcgctccg 120#ggc aaa ggg aag ggc 170gc aaa gaa ggc aga#Arg Lys Glu Gly Arg Gly Lys Gly Lys Gly# 10- aag aag aag gag cga ggc tcc ggc aag aag cc - #g gag tcc gcg gcg ggc 218Lys Lys Lys Glu Arg Gly Ser Gly Lys Lys Pr - #o Glu Ser Ala Ala Gly# 25# 231Ser Gln Ser Pro 30- <210> SEQ ID NO 10<211> LENGTH: 33<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 10- Met Ser Glu Arg Lys Glu Gly Arg Gly Lys Gl - #y Lys Gly Lys Lys Lys# 15- Glu Arg Gly Ser Gly Lys Lys Pro Glu Ser Al - #a Ala Gly Ser Gln Ser# 30- Pro- <210> SEQ ID NO 11<211> LENGTH: 252<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (3)...(251)<221> NAME/KEY: variation<222> LOCATION: (8)...(8)<223> OTHER INFORMATION: n can be a or g.<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is unknown.- <400> SEQUENCE: 11- cc cat can gtg tgg gcg gcg aaa gcc ggg ggc - # ttg aag aag gac tcg 47#Gly Leu Lys Lys Asp Serla Lys Ala Gly# 15- ctg ctc acc gtg cgc ctg ggc gcc tgg ggc ca - #c ccc gcc ttc ccc tcc 95Leu Leu Thr Val Arg Leu Gly Ala Trp Gly Hi - #s Pro Ala Phe Pro Ser# 30- tgc ggg cgc ctc aag gag gac agc agg tac at - #c ttc ttc atg gag ccc 143Cys Gly Arg Leu Lys Glu Asp Ser Arg Tyr Il - #e Phe Phe Met Glu Pro# 45- gag gcc aac agc agc ggc ggg ccc ggc cgc ct - #t ccg agc ctc ctt ccc 191Glu Ala Asn Ser Ser Gly Gly Pro Gly Arg Le - #u Pro Ser Leu Leu Pro# 60- ccc tct cga gac ggg ccg gaa cct caa gaa gg - #a ggt cag ccg ggt gct 239Pro Ser Arg Asp Gly Pro Glu Pro Gln Glu Gl - #y Gly Gln Pro Gly Ala# 75# 252Val Gln Arg Cys 80- <210> SEQ ID NO 12<211> LENGTH: 83<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 12- His Gln Val Trp Ala Ala Lys Ala Gly Gly Le - #u Lys Lys Asp Ser Leu# 15- Leu Thr Val Arg Leu Gly Ala Trp Gly His Pr - #o Ala Phe Pro Ser Cys# 30- Gly Arg Leu Lys Glu Asp Ser Arg Tyr Ile Ph - #e Phe Met Glu Pro Glu# 45- Ala Asn Ser Ser Gly Gly Pro Gly Arg Leu Pr - #o Ser Leu Leu Pro Pro# 60- Ser Arg Asp Gly Pro Glu Pro Gln Glu Gly Gl - #y Gln Pro Gly Ala Val#80- Gln Arg Cys- <210> SEQ ID NO 13<211> LENGTH: 178<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 13- ccttgcctcc ccgcttgaaa gagatgaaga gtcaggagtc tgtggcaggt tc - #caaactag 60- tgcttcggtg cgagaccagt tctgaatact cctctctcaa gttcaagtgg tt - #caagaatg 120- ggagtgaatt aagccgaaag aacaaaccac aaaacatcaa gatacagaaa ag - #gccggg 178- <210> SEQ ID NO 14<211> LENGTH: 59<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 14- Leu Pro Pro Arg Leu Lys Glu His Lys Ser Gl - #n Glu Ser Val Ala Gly# 15- Ser Lys Leu Val Leu Arg Cys Glu Thr Ser Se - #r Glu Tyr Ser Ser Leu# 30- Lys Phe Lys Trp Phe Lys Asn Gly Ser Glu Le - #u Ser Arg Lys Asn Lys# 45- Pro Gly Asn Ile Lys Ile Gln Lys Arg Pro Gl - #y# 55- <210> SEQ ID NO 15<211> LENGTH: 178<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (3)...(178)- <400> SEQUENCE: 15- cc ttg cct ccc cga ttg aaa gag atg aaa agc - # cag gaa tcg gct gca 47#Ser Gln Glu Ser Ala Alays Glu Met Lys# 15- ggt tcc aaa cta gtc ctt cgg tgt gaa acc ag - #t tct gaa tac tcc tct 95Gly Ser Lys Leu Val Leu Arg Cys Glu Thr Se - #r Ser Glu Tyr Ser Ser# 30- ctc aga ttc aag tgg ttc aag aat ggg aat ga - #a ttg aat cga aaa aac 143Leu Arg Phe Lys Trp Phe Lys Asn Gly Asn Gl - #u Leu Asn Arg Lys Asn# 45# 178aa aat atc aag ata caa aaa aag cc - #a ggLys Pro Gln Asn Ile Lys Ile Gln Lys Lys Pr - #o# 55- <210> SEQ ID NO 16<211> LENGTH: 58<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 16- Leu Pro Pro Arg Leu Lys Glu Met Lys Ser Gl - #n Glu Ser Ala Ala Gly# 15- Ser Lys Leu Val Leu Arg Cys Glu Thr Ser Se - #r Glu Tyr Ser Ser Leu# 30- Arg Phe Lys Trp Phe Lys Asn Gly Asn Glu Le - #u Asn Arg Lys Asn Lys# 45- Pro Gln Asn Ile Lys Ile Gln Lys Lys Pro# 55- <210> SEQ ID NO 17<211> LENGTH: 122<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (2)...(121)- <400> SEQUENCE: 17#ctg gct gat tct gga gaa 49 aaa gcg tca Lys Ser Glu Leu Arg Ile Ser Lys Ala S - #er Leu Ala Asp Ser Gly Glu# 15- tat atg tgc aaa gtg atc agc aaa cta gga aa - #t gac agt gcc tct gcc 97Tyr Met Cys Lys Val Ile Ser Lys Leu Gly As - #n Asp Ser Ala Ser Ala# 30# 122 tg gag tca aac gAsn Ile Thr Ile Val Glu Ser Asn# 40- <210> SEQ ID NO 18<211> LENGTH: 41<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 18- Lys Ser Glu Leu Arg Ile Ser Lys Ala Ser Le - #u Ala Asp Ser Gly Glu# 15- Tyr Met Cys Lys Val Ile Ser Lys Leu Gly As - #n Asp Ser Ala Ser Ala# 30- Asn Ile Thr Ile Val Glu Ser Asn Ala# 40- <210> SEQ ID NO 19<211> LENGTH: 122<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (2)...(122)- <400> SEQUENCE: 19#ctg gct gat tct gga gag 49 aaa gca tca Lys Ser Glu Leu Arg Ile Asn Lys Ala S - #er Leu Ala Asp Ser Gly Glu# 15- tat atg tgc aaa gtg atc agc aaa tta gga aa - #t gac agt gcc tct gcc 97Tyr Met Cys Lys Val Ile Ser Lys Leu Gly As - #n Asp Ser Ala Ser Ala# 30# 122 tg gaa tca aac gAsn Ile Thr Ile Val Glu Ser Asn# 40- <210> SEQ ID NO 20<211> LENGTH: 41<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 20- Lys Ser Glu Leu Arg Ile Asn Lys Ala Ser Le - #u Ala Asp Ser Gly Glu# 15- Tyr Met Cys Lys Val Ile Ser Lys Leu Gly As - #n Asp Ser Ala Ser Ala# 30- Asn Ile Thr Ile Val Glu Ser Asn Ala# 40- <210> SEQ ID NO 21<211> LENGTH: 417<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (84)...(272)- <400> SEQUENCE: 21- tctaaaacta cagagactgt attttcatga tcatcatagt tctgtgaaat at - #acttaaac 60- cgctttggtc ctgatcttgt agg aag tca gaa ctt cgc at - #t agc aaa gcg tca 113#Ser Lys Ala Ser Glu Leu Arg Ile# 10- ctg gct gat tct gga gaa tat atg tgc aaa gt - #g atc agc aaa cta gga 161Leu Ala Asp Ser Gly Glu Tyr Met Cys Lys Va - #l Ile Ser Lys Leu Gly# 25- aat gac agt gcc tct gcc aac atc acc att gt - #g gag tca aac ggt aag 209Asn Asp Ser Ala Ser Ala Asn Ile Thr Ile Va - #l Glu Ser Asn Gly Lys# 40- aga tgc cta ctg cgt gct att tct cag tct ct - #a aga gga gtg atc aag 257Arg Cys Leu Leu Arg Ala Ile Ser Gln Ser Le - #u Arg Gly Val Ile Lys# 55- gta tgt ggt cac act tgaatcacgc aggtgtgtga aatctcatt - #g tgaacaaata 312Val Cys Gly His Thr 60- aaaatcatga aaggaaaact ctatgtttga aatatcttat gggtcctcct gt - #aaagctct 372# 417ta gacctgaaat atatatagat tattt- <210> SEQ ID NO 22<211> LENGTH: 63<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus & Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 22- Lys Ser Glu Leu Arg Ile Ser Lys Ala Ser Le - #u Ala Asp Ser Gly Glu# 15- Tyr Met Cys Lys Val Ile Ser Lys Leu Gly As - #n Asp Ser Ala Ser Ala# 30- Asn Ile Thr Ile Val Glu Ser Asn Gly Lys Ar - #g Cys Leu Leu Arg Ala# 45- Ile Ser Gln Ser Leu Arg Gly Val Ile Lys Va - #l Cys Gly His Thr# 60- <210> SEQ ID NO 23<211> LENGTH: 102<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (3)...(101)- <400> SEQUENCE: 23- ag atc acc act ggc atg cca gcc tca act gag - # aca gcg tat gtg tct 47#Glu Thr Ala Tyr Val Serro Ala Ser Thr# 15- tca gag tct ccc att aga ata tca gta tca ac - #a gaa gga aca aat act 95Ser Glu Ser Pro Ile Arg Ile Ser Val Ser Th - #r Glu Gly Thr Asn Thr# 30# 102Ser Ser- <210> SEQ ID NO 24<211> LENGTH: 35<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 24- Glu Ile Thr Thr Gly Met Pro Ala Ser Thr Gl - #u Thr Ala Tyr Val Ser# 15- Ser Glu Ser Pro Ile Arg Ile Ser Val Ser Th - #r Glu Gly Thr Asn Thr# 30- Ser Ser Ser 35- <210> SEQ ID NO 25<211> LENGTH: 102<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (1)...(60)- <400> SEQUENCE: 25- aga tca tca ctg gta tgc cag cct caa ctg aa - #g gag cat atg tgt ctt 48Arg Ser Ser Leu Val Cys Gln Pro Gln Leu Ly - #s Glu His Met Cys Leu# 15- cag agt ctc cca ttagaatatc agtatccaca gaaggagcaa at - #acttcttc 100Gln Ser Leu Pro 20# 102- <210> SEQ ID NO 26<211> LENGTH: 35<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 26- Glu Ile Ile Thr Gly Met Pro Ala Ser Thr Gl - #u Gly Ala Tyr Val Ser# 15- Ser Glu Ser Pro Ile Arg Ile Ser Val Ser Th - #r Glu Gly Thr Asn Thr# 30- Ser Ser Ser 35- <210> SEQ ID NO 27<211> LENGTH: 128<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (3)...(125)- <400> SEQUENCE: 27- cc aca tcc aca tct aca gct ggg aca agc cat - # ctt gtc aag tgt gca 47#His Leu Val Lys Cys Alala Gly Thr Ser# 15- gag aag gag aaa act ttc tgt gtg aat gga gg - #c gag tgc ttc atg gtg 95Glu Lys Glu Lys Thr Phe Cys Val Asn Gly Gl - #y Glu Cys Phe Met Val# 30# 128t tca aat ccc tca aga tac ttg tg - #cLys Asp Leu Ser Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr Leu# 40- <210> SEQ ID NO 28<211> LENGTH: 42<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 28- Thr Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Gly Thr Ser His Le - #u Val Lys Cys Ala Glu# 15- Lys Glu Lys Thr Phe Cys Val Asn Gly Gly Gl - #u Cys Phe Met Val Lys# 30- Asp Leu Ser Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr Leu Cys# 40- <210> SEQ ID NO 29<211> LENGTH: 128<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (3)...(128)- <400> SEQUENCE: 29- ct aca tct aca tcc acc act ggg aca agc cat - # ctt gta aaa tgt gcg 47#His Leu Val Lys Cys Alahr Gly Thr Ser# 15- gag aag gag aaa act ttc tgt gtg aat gga gg - #g gag tgc ttc atg gtg 95Glu Lys Glu Lys Thr Phe Cys Val Asn Gly Gl - #y Glu Cys Phe Met Val# 30# 128t tca aac ccc tcg aga tac ttg tg - #cLys Asp Leu Ser Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr Leu Cy - #s# 40- <210> SEQ ID NO 30<211> LENGTH: 42<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 30- Thr Ser Thr Ser Thr Thr Gly Thr Ser His Le - #u Val Lys Cys Ala Glu# 15- Lys Glu Lys Thr Phe Cys Val Asn Gly Gly Gl - #u Cys Phe Met Val Lys# 30- Asp Leu Ser Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr Leu Cys# 40- <210> SEQ ID NO 31<211> LENGTH: 69<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (1)...(69)- <400> SEQUENCE: 31- aag tgc caa cct gga ttc act gga gcg aga tg - #t act gag aat gtg ccc 48Lys Cys Gln Pro Gly Phe Thr Gly Ala Arg Cy - #s Thr Glu Asn Val Pro# 15#69 cc caa gaaMet Lys Val Gln Thr Gln Glu 20- <210> SEQ ID NO 32<211> LENGTH: 23<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 32- Lys Cys Gln Pro Gly Phe Thr Gly Ala Arg Cy - #s Thr Glu Asn Val Pro# 15- Met Lys Val Gln Thr Gln Glu 20- <210> SEQ ID NO 33<211> LENGTH: 69<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (1)...(69)- <400> SEQUENCE: 33- aag tgc caa cct gga ttc act gga gca aga tg - #t act gag aat gtg ccc 48Lys Cys Gln Pro Gly Phe Thr Gly Ala Arg Cy - #s Thr Glu Asn Val Pro# 15#69 ac caa gaaMet Lys Val Gln Asn Gln Glu 20- <210> SEQ ID NO 34<211> LENGTH: 23<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 34- Lys Cys Gln Pro Gly Phe Thr Gly Ala Arg Cy - #s Thr Glu Asn Val Pro# 15- Met Lys Val Gln Asn Gln Glu 20- <210> SEQ ID NO 35<211> LENGTH: 60<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus and Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (1)...(60)- <400> SEQUENCE: 35- aag tgc cca aat gag ttt act ggt gat cgc tg - #c caa aac tac gta atg 48Lys Cys Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr Gly Asp Arg Cy - #s Gln Asn Tyr Val Met# 15# 60Ala Ser Phe Tyr 20- <210> SEQ ID NO 36<211> LENGTH: 20<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus & Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 36- Lys Cys Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr Gly Asp Arg Cy - #s Gln Asn Tyr Val Met# 15- Ala Ser Phe Tyr 20- <210> SEQ ID NO 37<211> LENGTH: 36<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus and Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 37# 36 ttct gtctctgcct gaatag- <210> SEQ ID NO 38<211> LENGTH: 11<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus & Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 38- Ser Thr Ser Thr Pro Phe Leu Ser Leu Pro Gl - #u# 10- <210> SEQ ID NO 39<211> LENGTH: 27<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (1)...(27)- <400> SEQUENCE: 39# 27 tt gaa ttt atg gagLys His Leu Gly Ile Glu Phe Met Glu 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 40<211> LENGTH: 9<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 40- Lys His Leu Gly Ile Glu Phe Met Glu 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 41<211> LENGTH: 569<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (1)...(565)- <400> SEQUENCE: 41- aaa gcg gag gag ctc tac cag aag aga gtg ct - #c acc att acc ggc att 48Lys Ala Glu Glu Leu Tyr Gln Lys Arg Val Le - #u Thr Ile Thr Gly Ile# 15- tgc atc gcg ctg ctc gtg gtt ggc atc atg tg - #t gtg gtg gtc tac tgc 96Cys Ile Ala Leu Leu Val Val Gly Ile Met Cy - #s Val Val Val Tyr Cys# 30- aaa acc aag aaa caa cgg aaa aag ctt cat ga - #c cgg ctt cgg cag agc 144Lys Thr Lys Lys Gln Arg Lys Lys Leu His As - #p Arg Leu Arg Gln Ser# 45- ctt cgg tct gaa aga aac acc atg atg aac gt - #a gcc aac ggg ccc cac 192Leu Arg Ser Glu Arg Asn Thr Met Met Asn Va - #l Ala Asn Gly Pro His# 60- cac ccc aat ccg ccc ccc gag aac gtg cag ct - #g gtg aat caa tac gta 240His Pro Asn Pro Pro Pro Glu Asn Val Gln Le - #u Val Asn Gln Tyr Val# 80- tct aaa aat gtc atc tct agc gag cat att gt - #t gag aga gag gcg gag 288Ser Lys Asn Val Ile Ser Ser Glu His Ile Va - #l Glu Arg Glu Ala Glu# 95- agc tct ttt tcc acc agt cac tac act tcg ac - #a gct cat cat tcc act 336Ser Ser Phe Ser Thr Ser His Tyr Thr Ser Th - #r Ala His His Ser Thr# 110- act gtc act cag act ccc agt cac agc tgg ag - #c aat gga cac act gaa 384Thr Val Thr Gln Thr Pro Ser His Ser Trp Se - #r Asn Gly His Thr Glu# 125- agc atc att tcg gaa agc cac tct gtc atc gt - #g atg tca tcc gta gaa 432Ser Ile Ile Ser Glu Ser His Ser Val Ile Va - #l Met Ser Ser Val Glu# 140- aac agt agg cac agc agc ccg act ggg ggc cc - #g aga gga cgt ctc aat 480Asn Ser Arg His Ser Ser Pro Thr Gly Gly Pr - #o Arg Gly Arg Leu Asn145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- ggc ttg gga ggc cct cgt gaa tgt aac agc tt - #c ctc agg cat gcc aga 528Gly Leu Gly Gly Pro Arg Glu Cys Asn Ser Ph - #e Leu Arg His Ala Arg# 175# 569acc cct gac tcc tac cga gac tct cct ca - #t agt g aaagGlu Thr Pro Asp Ser Tyr Arg Asp Ser Pro Hi - #s Ser# 185- <210> SEQ ID NO 42<211> LENGTH: 190<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 42- Lys Ala Glu Glu Leu Tyr Gln Lys Arg Val Le - #u Thr Ile Thr Gly Ile# 15- Cys Ile Ala Leu Leu Val Val Gly Ile Met Cy - #s Val Val Val Tyr Cys# 30- Lys Thr Lys Lys Gln Arg Lys Lys Leu His As - #p Arg Leu Arg Gln Ser# 45- Leu Arg Ser Glu Arg Asn Thr Met Met Asn Va - #l Ala Asn Gly Pro His# 60- His Pro Asn Pro Pro Pro Glu Asn Val Gln Le - #u Val Asn Gln Tyr Val#80- Ser Lys Asn Val Ile Ser Ser Glu His Ile Va - #l Glu Arg Glu Ala Glu# 95- Ser Ser Phe Ser Thr Ser His Tyr Thr Ser Th - #r Ala His His Ser Thr# 110- Thr Val Thr Gln Thr Pro Ser His Ser Trp Se - #r Asn Gly His Thr Glu# 125- Ser Ile Ile Ser Glu Ser His Ser Val Ile Va - #l Met Ser Ser Val Glu# 140- Asn Ser Arg His Ser Ser Pro Thr Gly Gly Pr - #o Arg Gly Arg Leu Asn145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Gly Leu Gly Gly Pro Arg Glu Cys Asn Ser Ph - #e Leu Arg His Ala Arg# 175- Glu Thr Pro Asp Ser Tyr Arg Asp Ser Pro Hi - #s Ser Glu Arg# 190- <210> SEQ ID NO 43<211> LENGTH: 569<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (1)...(569)- <400> SEQUENCE: 43- aag gcg gag gag ctg tac cag aag aga gtg ct - #g acc ata acc ggc atc 48Lys Ala Glu Glu Leu Tyr Gln Lys Arg Val Le - #u Thr Ile Thr Gly Ile# 15- tgc atc gcc ctc ctt gtg gtc ggc atc atg tg - #t gtg gtg gcc tac tgc 96Cys Ile Ala Leu Leu Val Val Gly Ile Met Cy - #s Val Val Ala Tyr Cys# 30- aaa acc aag aaa cag cgg aaa aag ctg cat ga - #c cgt ctt cgg cag agc 144Lys Thr Lys Lys Gln Arg Lys Lys Leu His As - #p Arg Leu Arg Gln Ser# 45- ctt cgg tct gaa cga aac aat atg atg aac at - #t gcc aat ggg cct cac 192Leu Arg Ser Glu Arg Asn Asn Met Met Asn Il - #e Ala Asn Gly Pro His# 60- cat cct aac cca ccc ccc gag aat gtc cag ct - #g gtg aat caa tac gta 240His Pro Asn Pro Pro Pro Glu Asn Val Gln Le - #u Val Asn Gln Tyr Val# 80- tct aaa aac gtc atc tcc agt gag cat att gt - #t gag aga gaa gca gag 288Ser Lys Asn Val Ile Ser Ser Glu His Ile Va - #l Glu Arg Glu Ala Glu# 95- aca tcc ttt tcc acc agt cac tat act tcc ac - #a gcc cat cac tcc act 336Thr Ser Phe Ser Thr Ser His Tyr Thr Ser Th - #r Ala His His Ser Thr# 110- act gtc acc cag act cct agc cac agc tgg ag - #c aac gga cac act gaa 384Thr Val Thr Gln Thr Pro Ser His Ser Trp Se - #r Asn Gly His Thr Glu# 125- agc atc ctt tcc gaa agc cac tct gta atc gt - #g atg tca tcc gta gaa 432Ser Ile Leu Ser Glu Ser His Ser Val Ile Va - #l Met Ser Ser Val Glu# 140- aac agt agg cac agc agc cca act ggg ggc cc - #a aga gga cgt ctt aat 480Asn Ser Arg His Ser Ser Pro Thr Gly Gly Pr - #o Arg Gly Arg Leu Asn145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- ggc aca gga ggc cct cgt gaa tgt aac agc tt - #c ctc agg cat gcc aga 528Gly Thr Gly Gly Pro Arg Glu Cys Asn Ser Ph - #e Leu Arg His Ala Arg# 175# 569acc cct gat tcc tac cga gac tct cct ca - #t agt gaa agGlu Thr Pro Asp Ser Tyr Arg Asp Ser Pro Hi - #s Ser Glu# 185- <210> SEQ ID NO 44<211> LENGTH: 190<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 44- Lys Ala Glu Glu Leu Tyr Gln Lys Arg Val Le - #u Thr Ile Thr Gly Ile# 15- Cys Ile Ala Leu Leu Val Val Gly Ile Met Cy - #s Val Val Ala Tyr Cys# 30- Lys Thr Lys Lys Gln Arg Lys Lys Leu His As - #p Arg Leu Arg Gln Ser# 45- Leu Arg Ser Glu Arg Asn Asn Met Met Asn Il - #e Ala Asn Gly Pro His# 60- His Pro Asn Pro Pro Pro Glu Asn Val Gln Le - #u Val Asn Gln Tyr Val#80- Ser Lys Asn Val Ile Ser Ser Glu His Ile Va - #l Glu Arg Glu Ala Glu# 95- Thr Ser Phe Ser Thr Ser His Tyr Thr Ser Th - #r Ala His His Ser Thr# 110- Thr Val Thr Gln Thr Pro Ser His Ser Trp Se - #r Asn Gly His Thr Glu# 125- Ser Ile Leu Ser Glu Ser His Ser Val Ile Va - #l Met Ser Ser Val Glu# 140- Asn Ser Arg His Ser Ser Pro Thr Gly Gly Pr - #o Arg Gly Arg Leu Asn145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Gly Thr Gly Gly Pro Arg Glu Cys Asn Ser Ph - #e Leu Arg His Ala Arg# 175- Glu Thr Pro Asp Ser Tyr Arg Asp Ser Pro Hi - #s Ser Glu Arg# 190- <210> SEQ ID NO 45<211> LENGTH: 141<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (2)...(139)- <400> SEQUENCE: 45#aag gcc cac aga tcc aaa 49 agg aga aac His Asn Leu Ile Ala Glu Leu Arg Arg A - #sn Lys Ala His Arg Ser Lys# 15- tgc atg cag atc cag ctt tcc gca act cat ct - #t aga gct tct tcc att 97Cys Met Gln Ile Gln Leu Ser Ala Thr His Le - #u Arg Ala Ser Ser Ile# 30- ccc cat tgg gct tca ttc tct aag acc cct tg - #g cct tta gga# 139Pro His Trp Ala Ser Phe Ser Lys Thr Pro Tr - #p Pro Leu Gly# 45# 141- <210> SEQ ID NO 46<211> LENGTH: 47<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 46- His Asn Leu Ile Ala Glu Leu Arg Arg Asn Ly - #s Ala His Arg Ser Lys# 15- Cys Met Gln Ile Gln Leu Ser Ala Thr His Le - #u Arg Ala Ser Ser Ile# 30- Pro His Trp Ala Ser Phe Ser Lys Thr Pro Tr - #p Pro Leu Gly Arg# 45- <210> SEQ ID NO 47<211> LENGTH: 730<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (2)...(652)- <400> SEQUENCE: 47#atg tca cct gta gat ttc 49 ccg gct cgt Tyr Val Ser Ala Met Thr Thr Pro Ala A - #rg Met Ser Pro Val Asp Phe# 15- cac acg cca agc tcc ccc aag tca ccc cct tc - #g gaa atg tcc ccg ccc 97His Thr Pro Ser Ser Pro Lys Ser Pro Pro Se - #r Glu Met Ser Pro Pro# 30- gtg tcc agc acg acg gtc tcc atg ccc tcc at - #g gcg gtc agt ccc ttc 145Val Ser Ser Thr Thr Val Ser Met Pro Ser Me - #t Ala Val Ser Pro Phe# 45- gtg gaa gag gag aga ccc ctg ctc ctt gtg ac - #g cca cca cgg ctg cgg 193Val Glu Glu Glu Arg Pro Leu Leu Leu Val Th - #r Pro Pro Arg Leu Arg# 60- gag aag tat gac cac cac gcc cag caa ttc aa - #c tcg ttc cac tgc aac 241Glu Lys Tyr Asp His His Ala Gln Gln Phe As - #n Ser Phe His Cys Asn# 80- ccc gcg cat gag agc aac agc ctg ccc ccc ag - #c ccc ttg agg ata gtg 289Pro Ala His Glu Ser Asn Ser Leu Pro Pro Se - #r Pro Leu Arg Ile Val# 95- gag gat gag gaa tat gaa acg acc cag gag ta - #c gaa cca gct caa gag 337Glu Asp Glu Glu Tyr Glu Thr Thr Gln Glu Ty - #r Glu Pro Ala Gln Glu# 110- ccg gtt aag aaa ctc acc aac agc agc cgg cg - #g gcc aaa aga acc aag 385Pro Val Lys Lys Leu Thr Asn Ser Ser Arg Ar - #g Ala Lys Arg Thr Lys# 125- ccc aat ggt cac att gcc cac agg ttg gaa at - #g gac aac aac aca ggc 433Pro Asn Gly His Ile Ala His Arg Leu Glu Me - #t Asp Asn Asn Thr Gly# 140- gct gac agc agt aac tca gag agc gaa aca ga - #g gat gaa aga gta gga 481Ala Asp Ser Ser Asn Ser Glu Ser Glu Thr Gl - #u Asp Glu Arg Val Gly145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- gaa gat acg cct ttc ctg gcc ata cag aac cc - #c ctg gca gcc agt ctc 529Glu Asp Thr Pro Phe Leu Ala Ile Gln Asn Pr - #o Leu Ala Ala Ser Leu# 175- gag gcg gcc cct gcc ttc cgc ctg gtc gac ag - #c agg act aac cca aca 577Glu Ala Ala Pro Ala Phe Arg Leu Val Asp Se - #r Arg Thr Asn Pro Thr# 190- ggc ggc ttc tct ccg cag gaa gaa ttg cag gc - #c agg ctc tcc ggt gta 625Gly Gly Phe Ser Pro Gln Glu Glu Leu Gln Al - #a Arg Leu Ser Gly Val# 205- atc gct aac caa gac cct atc gct gtc taaaaccga - #a atacacccat 672Ile Ala Asn Gln Asp Pro Ile Ala Val# 215- agattcacct gtaaaacttt attttatata ataaagtatt ccaccttaaa tt - #aaacaa 730- <210> SEQ ID NO 48<211> LENGTH: 217<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 48- Tyr Val Ser Ala Met Thr Thr Pro Ala Arg Me - #t Ser Pro Val Asp Phe# 15- His Thr Pro Ser Ser Pro Lys Ser Pro Pro Se - #r Glu Met Ser Pro Pro# 30- Val Ser Ser Thr Thr Val Ser Met Pro Ser Me - #t Ala Val Ser Pro Phe# 45- Val Glu Glu Glu Arg Pro Leu Leu Leu Val Th - #r Pro Pro Arg Leu Arg# 60- Glu Lys Tyr Asp His His Ala Gln Gln Phe As - #n Ser Phe His Cys Asn#80- Pro Ala His Glu Ser Asn Ser Leu Pro Pro Se - #r Pro Leu Arg Ile Val# 95- Glu Asp Glu Glu Tyr Glu Thr Thr Gln Glu Ty - #r Glu Pro Ala Gln Glu# 110- Pro Val Lys Lys Leu Thr Asn Ser Ser Arg Ar - #g Ala Lys Arg Thr Lys# 125- Pro Asn Gly His Ile Ala His Arg Leu Glu Me - #t Asp Asn Asn Thr Gly# 140- Ala Asp Ser Ser Asn Ser Glu Ser Glu Thr Gl - #u Asp Glu Arg Val Gly145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Glu Asp Thr Pro Phe Leu Ala Ile Gln Asn Pr - #o Leu Ala Ala Ser Leu# 175- Glu Ala Ala Pro Ala Phe Arg Leu Val Asp Se - #r Arg Thr Asn Pro Thr# 190- Gly Gly Phe Ser Pro Gln Glu Glu Leu Gln Al - #a Arg Leu Ser Gly Val# 205- Ile Ala Asn Gln Asp Pro Ile Ala Val# 215- <210> SEQ ID NO 49<211> LENGTH: 730<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 49- gtatgtgtca gccatgacca ccccggctcg tatgtcacct gtagatttcc ac - #acgccaag 60- ctcccccaaa tcgccccctt cggaaatgtc tccacccgtg tccagcatga cg - #gtgtccat 120- gccttccatg gcggtcagcc ccttcatgga agaagagaga cctctacttc tc - #gtgacacc 180- accaaggctg cgggagaaga agtttgacca tcaccctcag cagttcagct cc - #ttccacca 240- caaccccgcg catgacagta acagcctccc tgctagcccc ttgaggatag tg - #gaggatga 300- ggagtatgaa acgacccaag agtacgagcc agcccaagag cctgttaaga aa - #ctcgccaa 360- tagccggcgg gccaaaagaa ccaagcccaa tggccacatt gctaacagat tg - #gaagtgga 420- cagcaacaca agctcccaga gcagtaactc agagagtgaa acagaagatg aa - #agagtagg 480- tgaagatacg cctttcctgg gcatacagaa ccccctggca gccagtcttg ag - #gcaacacc 540- tgccttccgc ctggctgaca gcaggactaa cccagcaggc cgcttctcga ca - #caggaaga 600- aatccaggcc aggctgtcta gtgtaattgc taaccaagac cctattgctg ta - #taaaacct 660- aaataaacac atagattcac ctgtaaaact ttattttata taataaagta tt - #ccacctta 720# 730- <210> SEQ ID NO 50<211> LENGTH: 217<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 50- Tyr Val Ser Ala Met Thr Thr Pro Ala Arg Me - #t Ser Pro Val Asp Phe# 15- His Thr Pro Ser Ser Pro Lys Ser Pro Pro Se - #r Glu Met Ser Pro Pro# 30- Val Ser Ser Met Thr Val Ser Met Pro Ser Me - #t Ala Val Ser Pro Phe# 45- Met Glu Glu Glu Arg Pro Leu Leu Leu Val Th - #r Pro Pro Arg Leu Arg# 60- Glu Lys Lys Phe Asp His His Pro Gln Gln Ph - #e Ser Ser Phe His His#80- Asn Pro Ala His Asp Ser Asn Ser Leu Pro Al - #a Ser Pro Leu Arg Ile# 95- Val Glu Asp Glu Glu Tyr Glu Thr Thr Gln Gl - #u Tyr Glu Pro Ala Gln# 110- Glu Pro Val Lys Lys Leu Ala Asn Ser Arg Ar - #g Ala Lys Arg Thr Lys# 125- Pro Asn Gly His Ile Ala Asn Arg Leu Glu Va - #l Asp Ser Asn Thr Ser# 140- Ser Gln Ser Ser Asn Ser Glu Ser Glu Thr Gl - #u Asp Glu Arg Val Gly145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Glu Asp Thr Pro Phe Leu Gly Ile Gln Asn Pr - #o Leu Ala Ala Ser Leu# 175- Glu Ala Thr Pro Ala Phe Arg Leu Ala Asp Se - #r Arg Thr Asn Pro Ala# 190- Gly Arg Phe Ser Thr Gln Glu Glu Ile Gln Al - #a Arg Leu Ser Ser Val# 205- Ile Ala Asn Gln Asp Pro Ile Ala Val# 215- <210> SEQ ID NO 51<211> LENGTH: 745<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (1)...(744)- <400> SEQUENCE: 51- atg aga tgg cga cgc gcc ccg cgc cgc tcc gg - #g cgt ccc ggc ccc cgg 48Met Arg Trp Arg Arg Ala Pro Arg Arg Ser Gl - #y Arg Pro Gly Pro Arg# 15- gcc cag cgc ccc ggc tcc gcc gcc cgc tcg tc - #g ccg ccg ctg ccg ctg 96Ala Gln Arg Pro Gly Ser Ala Ala Arg Ser Se - #r Pro Pro Leu Pro Leu# 30- ctg cca cta ctg ctg ctg ctg ggg acc gcg gc - #c ctg gcg ccg ggg gcg 144Leu Pro Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu Gly Thr Ala Al - #a Leu Ala Pro Gly Ala# 45- gcg gcc ggc aac gag gcg gct ccc gcg ggg gc - #c tcg gtg tgc tac tcg 192Ala Ala Gly Asn Glu Ala Ala Pro Ala Gly Al - #a Ser Val Cys Tyr Ser# 60- tcc ccg ccc agc gtg gga tcg gtg cag gag ct - #a gct cag cgc gcc gcg 240Ser Pro Pro Ser Val Gly Ser Val Gln Glu Le - #u Ala Gln Arg Ala Ala# 80- gtg gtg atc gag gga aag gtg cac ccg cag cg - #g cgg cag cag ggg gca 288Val Val Ile Glu Gly Lys Val His Pro Gln Ar - #g Arg Gln Gln Gly Ala# 95- ctc gac agg aag gcg gcg gcg gcg gcg ggc ga - #g gca ggg gcg tgg ggc 336Leu Asp Arg Lys Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly Gl - #u Ala Gly Ala Trp Gly# 110- ggc gat cgc gag ccg cca gcc gcg ggc cca cg - #g gcg ctg ggg ccg ccc 384Gly Asp Arg Glu Pro Pro Ala Ala Gly Pro Ar - #g Ala Leu Gly Pro Pro# 125- gcc gag gag ccg ctg ctc gcc gcc aac ggg ac - #c gtg ccc tct tgg ccc 432Ala Glu Glu Pro Leu Leu Ala Ala Asn Gly Th - #r Val Pro Ser Trp Pro# 140- acc gcc ccg gtg ccc agc gcc ggc gag ccc gg - #g gag gag gcg ccc tat 480Thr Ala Pro Val Pro Ser Ala Gly Glu Pro Gl - #y Glu Glu Ala Pro Tyr145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- ctg gtg aag gtg cac cag gtg tgg gcg gtg aa - #a gcc ggg ggc ttg aag 528Leu Val Lys Val His Gln Val Trp Ala Val Ly - #s Ala Gly Gly Leu Lys# 175- aag gac tcg ctg ctc acc gtg cgc ctg ggg ac - #c tgg ggc cac ccc gcc 576Lys Asp Ser Leu Leu Thr Val Arg Leu Gly Th - #r Trp Gly His Pro Ala# 190- ttc ccc tcc tgc ggg agg ctc aag gag gac ag - #c agg tac atc ttc ttc 624Phe Pro Ser Cys Gly Arg Leu Lys Glu Asp Se - #r Arg Tyr Ile Phe Phe# 205- atg gag ccc gac gcc aac agc acc agc cgc gc - #g ccg gcc gcc ttc cga 672Met Glu Pro Asp Ala Asn Ser Thr Ser Arg Al - #a Pro Ala Ala Phe Arg# 220- gcc tct ttc ccc cct ctg gag acg ggc cgg aa - #c ctc aag aag gag gtc 720Ala Ser Phe Pro Pro Leu Glu Thr Gly Arg As - #n Leu Lys Lys Glu Val225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40# 745 gc aag cgg tgc gSer Arg Val Leu Cys Lys Arg Cys 245- <210> SEQ ID NO 52<211> LENGTH: 248<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 52- Met Arg Trp Arg Arg Ala Pro Arg Arg Ser Gl - #y Arg Pro Gly Pro Arg# 15- Ala Gln Arg Pro Gly Ser Ala Ala Arg Ser Se - #r Pro Pro Leu Pro Leu# 30- Leu Pro Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu Gly Thr Ala Al - #a Leu Ala Pro Gly Ala# 45- Ala Ala Gly Asn Glu Ala Ala Pro Ala Gly Al - #a Ser Val Cys Tyr Ser# 60- Ser Pro Pro Ser Val Gly Ser Val Gln Glu Le - #u Ala Gln Arg Ala Ala#80- Val Val Ile Glu Gly Lys Val His Pro Gln Ar - #g Arg Gln Gln Gly Ala# 95- Leu Asp Arg Lys Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly Gl - #u Ala Gly Ala Trp Gly# 110- Gly Asp Arg Glu Pro Pro Ala Ala Gly Pro Ar - #g Ala Leu Gly Pro Pro# 125- Ala Glu Glu Pro Leu Leu Ala Ala Asn Gly Th - #r Val Pro Ser Trp Pro# 140- Thr Ala Pro Val Pro Ser Ala Gly Glu Pro Gl - #y Glu Glu Ala Pro Tyr145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Leu Val Lys Val His Gln Val Trp Ala Val Ly - #s Ala Gly Gly Leu Lys# 175- Lys Asp Ser Leu Leu Thr Val Arg Leu Gly Th - #r Trp Gly His Pro Ala# 190- Phe Pro Ser Cys Gly Arg Leu Lys Glu Asp Se - #r Arg Tyr Ile Phe Phe# 205- Met Glu Pro Asp Ala Asn Ser Thr Ser Arg Al - #a Pro Ala Ala Phe Arg# 220- Ala Ser Phe Pro Pro Leu Glu Thr Gly Arg As - #n Leu Lys Lys Glu Val225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- Ser Arg Val Leu Cys Lys Arg Cys 245- <210> SEQ ID NO 53<211> LENGTH: 1652<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (459)...(1181)- <400> SEQUENCE: 53- agtttccccc cccaacttgt cggaactctg ggctcgcgcg cagggcagga gc - #ggagcggc 60- ggcggctgcc caggcgatgc gagcgcgggc cggacggtaa tcgcctctcc ct - #cctcgggc 120- tgcgagcgcg ccggaccgag gcagcgacag gagcggaccg cggcgggaac cg - #aggactcc 180- ccagcggcgc gccagcagga gccaccccgc gagcgtgcga ccgggacgga gc - #gcccgcca 240- gtcccaggtg gcccggaccg cacgttgcgt ccccgcgctc cccgccggcg ac - #aggagacg 300- ctccccccca cgccgcgcgc gcctcggccc ggtcgctggc ccgcctccac tc - #cggggaca 360- aacttttccc gaagccgatc ccagccctcg gacccaaact tgtcgcgcgt cg - #ccttcgcc 420#cgc aga gaa 476gagc gtgcacttct cgggcgag atg tcg gag# Met Ser Glu Arg Arg Glu# 5 1- ggc aaa ggc aag ggg aag ggc ggc aag aag ga - #c cga ggc tcc ggg aag 524Gly Lys Gly Lys Gly Lys Gly Gly Lys Lys As - #p Arg Gly Ser Gly Lys# 20- aag ccc gtg ccc gcg gct ggc ggc ccg agc cc - #a gcc ttg cct ccc cgc 572Lys Pro Val Pro Ala Ala Gly Gly Pro Ser Pr - #o Ala Leu Pro Pro Arg# 35- ttg aaa gag atg aag atg cag gag tct gtg gc - #a ggt tcc aaa cta gtg 620Leu Lys Glu Met Lys Met Gln Glu Ser Val Al - #a Gly Ser Lys Leu Val# 50- ctt cgg tgc gag acc agt tct gaa tac tcc tc - #t ctc aag ttc aag tgg 668Leu Arg Cys Glu Thr Ser Ser Glu Tyr Ser Se - #r Leu Lys Phe Lys Trp# 70- ttc aag aat ggg agt gaa tta agc cga aag aa - #c aaa cca caa aac atc 716Phe Lys Asn Gly Ser Glu Leu Ser Arg Lys As - #n Lys Pro Gln Asn Ile# 85- aag ata cag aaa agg ccg ggg aag tca gaa ct - #t cgc att agc aaa gcg 764Lys Ile Gln Lys Arg Pro Gly Lys Ser Glu Le - #u Arg Ile Ser Lys Ala# 100- tca ctg gct gat tct gga gaa tat atg tgc aa - #a gtg atc agc aaa cta 812Ser Leu Ala Asp Ser Gly Glu Tyr Met Cys Ly - #s Val Ile Ser Lys Leu# 115- gga aat gac agt gcc tct gcc aac atc acc at - #t gtg gag tca aac gag 860Gly Asn Asp Ser Ala Ser Ala Asn Ile Thr Il - #e Val Glu Ser Asn Glu# 130- atc acc act ggc atg cca gcc tca act gag ac - #a gcg tat gtg tct tca 908Ile Thr Thr Gly Met Pro Ala Ser Thr Glu Th - #r Ala Tyr Val Ser Ser135 1 - #40 1 - #45 1 -#50- gag tct ccc att aga ata tca gta tca aca ga - #a gga aca aat act tct 956Glu Ser Pro Ile Arg Ile Ser Val Ser Thr Gl - #u Gly Thr Asn Thr Ser# 165- tca tcc aca tcc aca tct aca gct ggg aca ag - #c cat ctt gtc aag tgt1004Ser Ser Thr Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Gly Thr Se - #r His Leu Val Lys Cys# 180- gca gag aag gag aaa act ttc tgt gtg aat gg - #a ggc gag tgc ttc atg1052Ala Glu Lys Glu Lys Thr Phe Cys Val Asn Gl - #y Gly Glu Cys Phe Met# 195- gtg aaa gac ctt tca aat ccc tca aga tac tt - #g tgc aag tgc cca aat1100Val Lys Asp Leu Ser Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr Le - #u Cys Lys Cys Pro Asn# 210- gag ttt act ggt gat cgc tgc caa aac tac gt - #a atg gcc agc ttc tac1148Glu Phe Thr Gly Asp Arg Cys Gln Asn Tyr Va - #l Met Ala Ser Phe Tyr215 2 - #20 2 - #25 2 -#30- agt acg tcc act ccc ttt ctg tct ctg cct ga - #a taggcgcatg ctcagtcggt1201Ser Thr Ser Thr Pro Phe Leu Ser Leu Pro Gl - #u# 240- gccgctttct tgttgccgca tctcccctca gattcaacct agagctagat gc - #gttttacc1261- aggtctaaca ttgactgcct ctgcctgtcg catgagaaca ttaacacaag cg - #attgtatg1321- acttcctctg tccgtgacta gtgggctctg agctactcgt aggtgcgtaa gg - #ctccagtg1381- tttctgaaat tgatcttgaa ttactgtgat acgacatgat agtccctctc ac - #ccagtgca1441- atgacaataa aggccttgaa aagtctcact tttattgaga aaataaaaat cg - #ttccacgg1501- gacagtccct cttctttata aaatgaccct atccttgaaa aggaggtgtg tt - #aagttgta1561- accagtacac acttgaaatg atggtaagtt cgcttcggtt cagaatgtgt tc - #tttctgac1621# 1652 aaaa aaaaaaaaaa a- <210> SEQ ID NO 54<211> LENGTH: 241<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 54- Met Ser Glu Arg Arg Glu Gly Lys Gly Lys Gl - #y Lys Gly Gly Lys Lys# 15- Asp Arg Gly Ser Gly Lys Lys Pro Val Pro Al - #a Ala Gly Gly Pro Ser# 30- Pro Ala Leu Pro Pro Arg Leu Lys Glu Met Ly - #s Met Gln Glu Ser Val# 45- Ala Gly Ser Lys Leu Val Leu Arg Cys Glu Th - #r Ser Ser Glu Tyr Ser# 60- Ser Leu Lys Phe Lys Trp Phe Lys Asn Gly Se - #r Glu Leu Ser Arg Lys#80- Asn Lys Pro Gln Asn Ile Lys Ile Gln Lys Ar - #g Pro Gly Lys Ser Glu# 95- Leu Arg Ile Ser Lys Ala Ser Leu Ala Asp Se - #r Gly Glu Tyr Met Cys# 110- Lys Val Ile Ser Lys Leu Gly Asn Asp Ser Al - #a Ser Ala Asn Ile Thr# 125- Ile Val Glu Ser Asn Glu Ile Thr Thr Gly Me - #t Pro Ala Ser Thr Glu# 140- Thr Ala Tyr Val Ser Ser Glu Ser Pro Ile Ar - #g Ile Ser Val Ser Thr145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Glu Gly Thr Asn Thr Ser Ser Ser Thr Ser Th - #r Ser Thr Ala Gly Thr# 175- Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 190- Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 205- Leu Cys Lys Cys Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr Gly As - #p Arg Cys Gln Asn Tyr# 220- Val Met Ala Ser Phe Tyr Ser Thr Ser Thr Pr - #o Phe Leu Ser Leu Pro225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- Glu- <210> SEQ ID NO 55<211> LENGTH: 1140<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (1)...(840)<223> OTHER INFORMATION: n is unknown.<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is unknown.- <400> SEQUENCE: 55- cat can gtg tgg gcg gcg aaa gcc ggg ggc tt - #g aag aag gac tcg ctg 48His Xaa Val Trp Ala Ala Lys Ala Gly Gly Le - #u Lys Lys Asp Ser Leu# 15- ctc acc gtg cgc ctg ggc gcc tgg ggc cac cc - #c gcc ttc ccc tcc tgc 96Leu Thr Val Arg Leu Gly Ala Trp Gly His Pr - #o Ala Phe Pro Ser Cys# 30- ggg cgc ctc aag gag gac agc agg tac atc tt - #c ttc atg gag ccc gag 144Gly Arg Leu Lys Glu Asp Ser Arg Tyr Ile Ph - #e Phe Met Glu Pro Glu# 45- gcc aac agc agc ggc ggg ccc ggc cgc ctt cc - #g agc ctc ctt ccc ccc 192Ala Asn Ser Ser Gly Gly Pro Gly Arg Leu Pr - #o Ser Leu Leu Pro Pro# 60- tct cga gac ggg ccg gaa cct caa gaa gga gg - #t cag ccg ggt gct gtg 240Ser Arg Asp Gly Pro Glu Pro Gln Glu Gly Gl - #y Gln Pro Gly Ala Val# 80- caa cgg tgc gcc ttg cct ccc cgc ttg aaa ga - #g atg aag agt cag gag 288Gln Arg Cys Ala Leu Pro Pro Arg Leu Lys Gl - #u Met Lys Ser Gln Glu# 95- tct gtg gca ggt tcc aaa cta gtg ctt cgg tg - #c gag acc agt tct gaa 336Ser Val Ala Gly Ser Lys Leu Val Leu Arg Cy - #s Glu Thr Ser Ser Glu# 110- tac tcc tct ctc aag ttc aag tgg ttc aag aa - #t ggg agt gaa tta agc 384Tyr Ser Ser Leu Lys Phe Lys Trp Phe Lys As - #n Gly Ser Glu Leu Ser# 125- cga aag aac aaa cca gaa aac atc aag ata ca - #g aaa agg ccg ggg aag 432Arg Lys Asn Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Lys Ile Gl - #n Lys Arg Pro Gly Lys# 140- tca gaa ctt cgc att agc aaa gcg tca ctg gc - #t gat tct gga gaa tat 480Ser Glu Leu Arg Ile Ser Lys Ala Ser Leu Al - #a Asp Ser Gly Glu Tyr145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- atg tgc aaa gtg atc agc aaa cta gga aat ga - #c agt gcc tct gcc aac 528Met Cys Lys Val Ile Ser Lys Leu Gly Asn As - #p Ser Ala Ser Ala Asn# 175- atc acc att gtg gag tca aac gcc aca tcc ac - #a tct aca gct ggg aca 576Ile Thr Ile Val Glu Ser Asn Ala Thr Ser Th - #r Ser Thr Ala Gly Thr# 190- agc cat ctt gtc aag tgt gca gag aag gag aa - #a act ttc tgt gtg aat 624Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 205- gga ggc gag tgc ttc atg gtg aaa gac ctt tc - #a aat ccc tca aga tac 672Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 220- ttg tgc aag tgc caa cct gga ttc act gga gc - #g aga tgt act gag aat 720Leu Cys Lys Cys Gln Pro Gly Phe Thr Gly Al - #a Arg Cys Thr Glu Asn225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- gtg ccc atg aaa gtc caa acc caa gaa aag tg - #c cca aat gag ttt act 768Val Pro Met Lys Val Gln Thr Gln Glu Lys Cy - #s Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr# 255- ggt gat cgc tgc caa aac tac gta atg gcc ag - #c ttc tac agt acg tcc 816Gly Asp Arg Cys Gln Asn Tyr Val Met Ala Se - #r Phe Tyr Ser Thr Ser# 270- act ccc ttt ctg tct ctg cct gaa tagcgcatct ca - #gtcggtgc cgctttcttg 870Thr Pro Phe Leu Ser Leu Pro Glu# 280- ttgccgcatc tcccctcaga ttccncctag agctagatgc gttttaccag gt - #ctaacatt 930- gactgcctct gcctgtcgca tgagaacatt aacacaagcg attgtatgac tt - #cctctgtc 990- cgtgactagt gggctctgag ctactcgtag gtgcgtaagg ctccagtgtt tc - #tgaaattg1050- atcttgaatt actgtgatac gacatgatag tccctctcac ccagtgcaat ga - #caataaag1110# 1140 aaaa aaaaaaaaaa- <210> SEQ ID NO 56<211> LENGTH: 280<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 56- His Gln Val Trp Ala Ala Lys Ala Gly Gly Le - #u Lys Lys Asp Ser Leu# 15- Leu Thr Val Arg Leu Gly Ala Trp Gly His Pr - #o Ala Phe Pro Ser Cys# 30- Gly Arg Leu Lys Glu Asp Ser Arg Tyr Ile Ph - #e Phe Met Glu Pro Glu# 45- Ala Asn Ser Ser Gly Gly Pro Gly Arg Leu Pr - #o Ser Leu Leu Pro Pro# 60- Ser Arg Asp Gly Pro Glu Pro Gln Glu Gly Gl - #y Gln Pro Gly Ala Val#80- Gln Arg Cys Ala Leu Pro Pro Arg Leu Lys Gl - #u Met Lys Ser Gln Glu# 95- Ser Val Ala Gly Ser Lys Leu Val Leu Arg Cy - #s Glu Thr Ser Ser Glu# 110- Tyr Ser Ser Leu Lys Phe Lys Trp Phe Lys As - #n Gly Ser Glu Leu Ser# 125- Arg Lys Asn Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Lys Ile Gl - #n Lys Arg Pro Gly Lys# 140- Ser Glu Leu Arg Ile Ser Lys Ala Ser Leu Al - #a Asp Ser Gly Glu Tyr145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Met Cys Lys Val Ile Ser Lys Leu Gly Asn As - #p Ser Ala Ser Ala Asn# 175- Ile Thr Ile Val Glu Ser Asn Ala Thr Ser Th - #r Ser Thr Ala Gly Thr# 190- Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 205- Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 220- Leu Cys Lys Cys Gln Pro Gly Phe Thr Gly Al - #a Arg Cys Thr Glu Asn225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- Val Pro Met Lys Val Gln Thr Gln Glu Lys Cy - #s Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr# 255- Gly Asp Arg Cys Gln Asn Tyr Val Met Ala Se - #r Phe Tyr Ser Thr Ser# 270- Thr Pro Phe Leu Ser Leu Pro Glu# 280- <210> SEQ ID NO 57<211> LENGTH: 1764<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (2)...(1681)- <400> SEQUENCE: 57#ctg gct gat tct gga gaa 49 aaa gcg tca Lys Ser Glu Leu Arg Ile Ser Lys Ala S - #er Leu Ala Asp Ser Gly Glu# 15- tat atg tgc aaa gtg atc agc aaa cta gga aa - #t gac agt gcc tct gcc 97Tyr Met Cys Lys Val Ile Ser Lys Leu Gly As - #n Asp Ser Ala Ser Ala# 30- aac atc acc att gtg gag tca aac gcc aca tc - #c aca tct aca gct ggg 145Asn Ile Thr Ile Val Glu Ser Asn Ala Thr Se - #r Thr Ser Thr Ala Gly# 45- aca agc cat ctt gtc aag tgt gca gag aag ga - #g aaa act ttc tgt gtg 193Thr Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Gl - #u Lys Thr Phe Cys Val# 60- aat gga ggc gac tgc ttc atg gtg aaa gac ct - #t tca aat ccc tca aga 241Asn Gly Gly Asp Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Le - #u Ser Asn Pro Ser Arg# 80- tac ttg tgc aag tgc caa cct gga ttc act gg - #a gcg aga tgt act gag 289Tyr Leu Cys Lys Cys Gln Pro Gly Phe Thr Gl - #y Ala Arg Cys Thr Glu# 95- aat gtg ccc atg aaa gtc caa acc caa gaa aa - #a gcg gag gag ctc tac 337Asn Val Pro Met Lys Val Gln Thr Gln Glu Ly - #s Ala Glu Glu Leu Tyr# 110- cag aag aga gtg ctc acc att acc ggc att tg - #c atc gcg ctg ctc gtg 385Gln Lys Arg Val Leu Thr Ile Thr Gly Ile Cy - #s Ile Ala Leu Leu Val# 125- gtt ggc atc atg tgt gtg gtg gtc tac tgc aa - #a acc aag aaa caa cgg 433Val Gly Ile Met Cys Val Val Val Tyr Cys Ly - #s Thr Lys Lys Gln Arg# 140- aaa aag ctt cat gac cgg ctt cgg cag agc ct - #t cgg tct gaa aga aac 481Lys Lys Leu His Asp Arg Leu Arg Gln Ser Le - #u Arg Ser Glu Arg Asn145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- acc atg atg aac gta gcc aac ggg ccc cac ca - #c ccc aat ccg ccc ccc 529Thr Met Met Asn Val Ala Asn Gly Pro His Hi - #s Pro Asn Pro Pro Pro# 175- gag aac gtg cag ctg gtg aat caa tac gta tc - #t aaa aat gtc atc tct 577Glu Asn Val Gln Leu Val Asn Gln Tyr Val Se - #r Lys Asn Val Ile Ser# 190- agc gag cat att gtt gag aga gag gcg gag ag - #c tct ttt tcc acc agt 625Ser Glu His Ile Val Glu Arg Glu Ala Glu Se - #r Ser Phe Ser Thr Ser# 205- cac tac act tcg aca gct cat cat tcc act ac - #t gtc act cag act ccc 673His Tyr Thr Ser Thr Ala His His Ser Thr Th - #r Val Thr Gln Thr Pro# 220- agt cac agc tgg agc aat gga cac act gaa ag - #c atc att tcg gaa agc 721Ser His Ser Trp Ser Asn Gly His Thr Glu Se - #r Ile Ile Ser Glu Ser225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- cac tct gtc atc gtg atg tca tcc gta gaa aa - #c agt agg cac agc agc 769His Ser Val Ile Val Met Ser Ser Val Glu As - #n Ser Arg His Ser Ser# 255- ccg act ggg ggc ccg aga gga cgt ctc aat gg - #c ttg gga ggc cct cgt 817Pro Thr Gly Gly Pro Arg Gly Arg Leu Asn Gl - #y Leu Gly Gly Pro Arg# 270- gaa tgt aac agc ttc ctc agg cat gcc aga ga - #a acc cct gac tcc tac 865Glu Cys Asn Ser Phe Leu Arg His Ala Arg Gl - #u Thr Pro Asp Ser Tyr# 285- cga gac tct cct cat agt gaa aga cat aac ct - #t ata gct gag cta agg 913Arg Asp Ser Pro His Ser Glu Arg His Asn Le - #u Ile Ala Glu Leu Arg# 300- aga aac aag gcc cac aga tcc aaa tgc atg ca - #g atc cag ctt tcc gca 961Arg Asn Lys Ala His Arg Ser Lys Cys Met Gl - #n Ile Gln Leu Ser Ala305 3 - #10 3 - #15 3 -#20- act cat ctt aga gct tct tcc att ccc cat tg - #g gct tca ttc tct aag1009Thr His Leu Arg Ala Ser Ser Ile Pro His Tr - #p Ala Ser Phe Ser Lys# 335- acc cct tgg cct tta gga agg tat gta tca gc - #a atg acc acc ccg gct1057Thr Pro Trp Pro Leu Gly Arg Tyr Val Ser Al - #a Met Thr Thr Pro Ala# 350- cgt atg tca cct gta gat ttc cac acg cca ag - #c tcc ccc aag tca ccc1105Arg Met Ser Pro Val Asp Phe His Thr Pro Se - #r Ser Pro Lys Ser Pro# 365- cct tcg gaa atg tcc ccg ccc gtg tcc agc ac - #g acg gtc tcc atg ccc1153Pro Ser Glu Met Ser Pro Pro Val Ser Ser Th - #r Thr Val Ser Met Pro# 380- tcc atg gcg gtc agt ccc ttc gtg gaa gag ga - #g aga ccc ctg ctc ctt1201Ser Met Ala Val Ser Pro Phe Val Glu Glu Gl - #u Arg Pro Leu Leu Leu385 3 - #90 3 - #95 4 -#00- gtg acg cca cca cgg ctg cgg gag aag tat ga - #c cac cac gcc cag caa1249Val Thr Pro Pro Arg Leu Arg Glu Lys Tyr As - #p His His Ala Gln Gln# 415- ttc aac tcg ttc cac tgc aac ccc gcg cat ga - #g agc aac agc ctg ccc1297Phe Asn Ser Phe His Cys Asn Pro Ala His Gl - #u Ser Asn Ser Leu Pro# 430- ccc agc ccc ttg agg ata gtg gag gat gag ga - #a tat gaa acg acc cag1345Pro Ser Pro Leu Arg Ile Val Glu Asp Glu Gl - #u Tyr Glu Thr Thr Gln# 445- gag tac gaa cca gct caa gag ccg gtt aag aa - #a ctc acc aac agc agc1393Glu Tyr Glu Pro Ala Gln Glu Pro Val Lys Ly - #s Leu Thr Asn Ser Ser# 460- cgg cgg gcc aaa aga acc aag ccc aat ggt ca - #c att gcc cac agg ttg1441Arg Arg Ala Lys Arg Thr Lys Pro Asn Gly Hi - #s Ile Ala His Arg Leu465 4 - #70 4 - #75 4 -#80- gaa atg gac aac aac aca ggc gct gac agc ag - #t aac tca gag agc gaa1489Glu Met Asp Asn Asn Thr Gly Ala Asp Ser Se - #r Asn Ser Glu Ser Glu# 495- aca gag gat gaa aga gta gga gaa gat acg cc - #t ttc ctg gcc ata cag1537Thr Glu Asp Glu Arg Val Gly Glu Asp Thr Pr - #o Phe Leu Ala Ile Gln# 510- aac ccc ctg gca gcc agt ctc gag gcg gcc cc - #t gcc ttc cgc ctg gtc1585Asn Pro Leu Ala Ala Ser Leu Glu Ala Ala Pr - #o Ala Phe Arg Leu Val# 525- gac agc agg act aac cca aca ggc ggc ttc tc - #t ccg cag gaa gaa ttg1633Asp Ser Arg Thr Asn Pro Thr Gly Gly Phe Se - #r Pro Gln Glu Glu Leu# 540- cag gcc agg ctc tcc ggt gta atc gct aac ca - #a gac cct atc gct gtc1681Gln Ala Arg Leu Ser Gly Val Ile Ala Asn Gl - #n Asp Pro Ile Ala Val545 5 - #50 5 - #55 5 -#60- taaaaccgaa atacacccat agattcacct gtaaaacttt attttatata at - #aaagtatt1741# 1764aaaa aaa- <210> SEQ ID NO 58<211> LENGTH: 560<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 58- Lys Ser Glu Leu Arg Ile Ser Lys Ala Ser Le - #u Ala Asp Ser Gly Glu# 15- Tyr Met Cys Lys Val Ile Ser Lys Leu Gly As - #n Asp Ser Ala Ser Ala# 30- Asn Ile Thr Ile Val Glu Ser Asn Ala Thr Se - #r Thr Ser Thr Ala Gly# 45- Thr Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Gl - #u Lys Thr Phe Cys Val# 60- Asn Gly Gly Asp Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Le - #u Ser Asn Pro Ser Arg#80- Tyr Leu Cys Lys Cys Gln Pro Gly Phe Thr Gl - #y Ala Arg Cys Thr Glu# 95- Asn Val Pro Met Lys Val Gln Thr Gln Glu Ly - #s Ala Glu Glu Leu Tyr# 110- Gln Lys Arg Val Leu Thr Ile Thr Gly Ile Cy - #s Ile Ala Leu Leu Val# 125- Val Gly Ile Met Cys Val Val Val Tyr Cys Ly - #s Thr Lys Lys Gln Arg# 140- Lys Lys Leu His Asp Arg Leu Arg Gln Ser Le - #u Arg Ser Glu Arg Asn145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Thr Met Met Asn Val Ala Asn Gly Pro His Hi - #s Pro Asn Pro Pro Pro# 175- Glu Asn Val Gln Leu Val Asn Gln Tyr Val Se - #r Lys Asn Val Ile Ser# 190- Ser Glu His Ile Val Glu Arg Glu Ala Glu Se - #r Ser Phe Ser Thr Ser# 205- His Tyr Thr Ser Thr Ala His His Ser Thr Th - #r Val Thr Gln Thr Pro# 220- Ser His Ser Trp Ser Asn Gly His Thr Glu Se - #r Ile Ile Ser Glu Ser225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- His Ser Val Ile Val Met Ser Ser Val Glu As - #n Ser Arg His Ser Ser# 255- Pro Thr Gly Gly Pro Arg Gly Arg Leu Asn Gl - #y Leu Gly Gly Pro Arg# 270- Glu Cys Asn Ser Phe Leu Arg His Ala Arg Gl - #u Thr Pro Asp Ser Tyr# 285- Arg Asp Ser Pro His Ser Glu Arg His Asn Le - #u Ile Ala Glu Leu Arg# 300- Arg Asn Lys Ala His Arg Ser Lys Cys Met Gl - #n Ile Gln Leu Ser Ala305 3 - #10 3 - #15 3 -#20- Thr His Leu Arg Ala Ser Ser Ile Pro His Tr - #p Ala Ser Phe Ser Lys# 335- Thr Pro Trp Pro Leu Gly Arg Tyr Val Ser Al - #a Met Thr Thr Pro Ala# 350- Arg Met Ser Pro Val Asp Phe His Thr Pro Se - #r Ser Pro Lys Ser Pro# 365- Pro Ser Glu Met Ser Pro Pro Val Ser Ser Th - #r Thr Val Ser Met Pro# 380- Ser Met Ala Val Ser Pro Phe Val Glu Glu Gl - #u Arg Pro Leu Leu Leu385 3 - #90 3 - #95 4 -#00- Val Thr Pro Pro Arg Leu Arg Glu Lys Tyr As - #p His His Ala Gln Gln# 415- Phe Asn Ser Phe His Cys Asn Pro Ala His Gl - #u Ser Asn Ser Leu Pro# 430- Pro Ser Pro Leu Arg Ile Val Glu Asp Glu Gl - #u Tyr Glu Thr Thr Gln# 445- Glu Tyr Glu Pro Ala Gln Glu Pro Val Lys Ly - #s Leu Thr Asn Ser Ser# 460- Arg Arg Ala Lys Arg Thr Lys Pro Asn Gly Hi - #s Ile Ala His Arg Leu465 4 - #70 4 - #75 4 -#80- Glu Met Asp Asn Asn Thr Gly Ala Asp Ser Se - #r Asn Ser Glu Ser Glu# 495- Thr Glu Asp Glu Arg Val Gly Glu Asp Thr Pr - #o Phe Leu Ala Ile Gln# 510- Asn Pro Leu Ala Ala Ser Leu Glu Ala Ala Pr - #o Ala Phe Arg Leu Val# 525- Asp Ser Arg Thr Asn Pro Thr Gly Gly Phe Se - #r Pro Gln Glu Glu Leu# 540- Gln Ala Arg Leu Ser Gly Val Ile Ala Asn Gl - #n Asp Pro Ile Ala Val545 5 - #50 5 - #55 5 -#60- <210> SEQ ID NO 59<211> LENGTH: 198<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (1)...(195)- <400> SEQUENCE: 59- agc cat ctt gtc aag tgt gca gag aag gag aa - #a act ttc tgt gtg aat 48Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 15- gga ggc gag tgc ttc atg gtg aaa gac ctt tc - #a aat ccc tca aga tac 96Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 30- ttg tgc aag tgc cca aat gag ttt act ggt ga - #t cgc tgc caa aac tac 144Leu Cys Lys Cys Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr Gly As - #p Arg Cys Gln Asn Tyr# 45- gta atg gcc agc ttc tac agt acg tcc act cc - #c ttt ctg tct ctg cct 192Val Met Ala Ser Phe Tyr Ser Thr Ser Thr Pr - #o Phe Leu Ser Leu Pro# 60# 198- <210> SEQ ID NO 60<211> LENGTH: 65<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 60- Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 15- Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 30- Leu Cys Lys Cys Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr Gly As - #p Arg Cys Gln Asn Tyr# 45- Val Met Ala Ser Phe Tyr Ser Thr Ser Thr Pr - #o Phe Leu Ser Leu Pro# 60- Glu65- <210> SEQ ID NO 61<211> LENGTH: 192<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (1)...(189)- <400> SEQUENCE: 61- agc cat ctt gtc aag tgt gca gag aag gag aa - #a act ttc tgt gtg aat 48Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 15- gga ggc gag tgc ttc atg gtg aaa gac ctt tc - #a aat ccc tca aga tac 96Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 30- ttg tgc aag tgc caa cct gga ttc act gga gc - #g aga tgt act gag aat 144Leu Cys Lys Cys Gln Pro Gly Phe Thr Gly Al - #a Arg Cys Thr Glu Asn# 45- gtg ccc atg aaa gtc caa acc caa gaa aaa gc - #g gag gag ctc tac 18 - #9Val Pro Met Lys Val Gln Thr Gln Glu Lys Al - #a Glu Glu Leu Tyr# 60# 192- <210> SEQ ID NO 62<211> LENGTH: 63<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 62- Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 15- Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 30- Leu Cys Lys Cys Gln Pro Gly Phe Thr Gly Al - #a Arg Cys Thr Glu Asn# 45- Val Pro Met Lys Val Gln Thr Gln Glu Lys Al - #a Glu Glu Leu Tyr# 60- <210> SEQ ID NO 63<211> LENGTH: 183<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (1)...(180)- <400> SEQUENCE: 63- agc cat ctt gtc aag tgt gca gag aag gag aa - #a act ttc tgt gtg aat 48Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 15- gga ggc gag tgc ttc atg gtg aaa gac ctt tc - #a aat ccc tca aga tac 96Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 30- ttg tgc aag tgc cca aat gag ttt act ggt ga - #t cgc tgc caa aac tac 144Leu Cys Lys Cys Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr Gly As - #p Arg Cys Gln Asn Tyr# 45# 183g gcc agc ttc tac aaa gcg gag gag ct - #c tac taaVal Met Ala Ser Phe Tyr Lys Ala Glu Glu Le - #u Tyr# 60- <210> SEQ ID NO 64<211> LENGTH: 60<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 64- Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 15- Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 30- Leu Cys Lys Cys Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr Gly As - #p Arg Cys Gln Asn Tyr# 45- Val Met Ala Ser Phe Tyr Lys Ala Glu Glu Le - #u Tyr# 60- <210> SEQ ID NO 65<211> LENGTH: 210<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (1)...(207)- <400> SEQUENCE: 65- agc cat ctt gtc aag tgt gca gag aag gag aa - #a act ttc tgt gtg aat 48Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 15- gga ggc gag tgc ttc atg gtg aaa gac ctt tc - #a aat ccc tca aga tac 96Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 30- ttg tgc aag tgc cca aat gag ttt act ggt ga - #t cgc tgc caa aac tac 144Leu Cys Lys Cys Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr Gly As - #p Arg Cys Gln Asn Tyr# 45- gta atg gcc agc ttc tac aag cat ctt ggg at - #t gaa ttt atg gag aaa 192Val Met Ala Ser Phe Tyr Lys His Leu Gly Il - #e Glu Phe Met Glu Lys# 60# 210 ac taaAla Glu Glu Leu Tyr 65- <210> SEQ ID NO 66<211> LENGTH: 69<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 66- Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 15- Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 30- Leu Cys Lys Cys Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr Gly As - #p Arg Cys Gln Asn Tyr# 45- Val Met Ala Ser Phe Tyr Lys His Leu Gly Il - #e Glu Phe Met Glu Lys# 60- Ala Glu Glu Leu Tyr65- <210> SEQ ID NO 67<211> LENGTH: 267<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (1)...(264)- <400> SEQUENCE: 67- agc cat ctt gtc aag tgt gca gag aag gag aa - #a act ttc tgt gtg aat 48Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 15- gga ggc gag tgc ttc atg gtg aaa gac ctt tc - #a aat ccc tca aga tac 96Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 30- ttg tgc aag tgc caa cct gga ttc act gga gc - #g aga tgt act gag aat 144Leu Cys Lys Cys Gln Pro Gly Phe Thr Gly Al - #a Arg Cys Thr Glu Asn# 45- gtg ccc atg aaa gtc caa acc caa gaa aag tg - #c cca aat gag ttt act 192Val Pro Met Lys Val Gln Thr Gln Glu Lys Cy - #s Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr# 60- ggt gat cgc tgc caa aac tac gta atg gcc ag - #c ttc tac agt acg tcc 240Gly Asp Arg Cys Gln Asn Tyr Val Met Ala Se - #r Phe Tyr Ser Thr Ser# 80# 267 ct ctg cct gaa tagThr Pro Phe Leu Ser Leu Pro Glu 85- <210> SEQ ID NO 68<211> LENGTH: 88<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 68- Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 15- Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 30- Leu Cys Lys Cys Gln Pro Gly Phe Thr Gly Al - #a Arg Cys Thr Glu Asn# 45- Val Pro Met Lys Val Gln Thr Gln Glu Lys Cy - #s Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr# 60- Gly Asp Arg Cys Gln Asn Tyr Val Met Ala Se - #r Phe Tyr Ser Thr Ser#80- Thr Pro Phe Leu Ser Leu Pro Glu 85- <210> SEQ ID NO 69<211> LENGTH: 252<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (1)...(249)- <400> SEQUENCE: 69- agc cat ctt gtc aag tgt gca gag aag gag aa - #a act ttc tgt gtg aat 48Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 15- gga ggc gag tgc ttc atg gtg aaa gac ctt tc - #a aat ccc tca aga tac 96Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 30- ttg tgc aag tgc caa cct gga ttc act gga gc - #g aga tgt act gag aat 144Leu Cys Lys Cys Gln Pro Gly Phe Thr Gly Al - #a Arg Cys Thr Glu Asn# 45- gtg ccc atg aaa gtc caa acc caa gaa aag tg - #c cca aat gag ttt act 192Val Pro Met Lys Val Gln Thr Gln Glu Lys Cy - #s Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr# 60- ggt gat cgc tgc caa aac tac gta atg gcc ag - #c ttc tac aaa gcg gag 240Gly Asp Arg Cys Gln Asn Tyr Val Met Ala Se - #r Phe Tyr Lys Ala Glu# 80# 252Glu Leu Tyr- <210> SEQ ID NO 70<211> LENGTH: 83<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 70- Ser His Leu Val Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Ly - #s Thr Phe Cys Val Asn# 15- Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Se - #r Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr# 30- Leu Cys Lys Cys Gln Pro Gly Phe Thr Gly Al - #a Arg Cys Thr Glu Asn# 45- Val Pro Met Lys Val Gln Thr Gln Glu Lys Cy - #s Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr# 60- Gly Asp Arg Cys Gln Asn Tyr Val Met Ala Se - #r Phe Tyr Lys Ala Glu#80- Glu Leu Tyr- <210> SEQ ID NO 71<211> LENGTH: 2003<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: CDS<222> LOCATION: (265)...(1530)<221> NAME/KEY: variation<222> LOCATION: (31)...(32)<223> OTHER INFORMATION: n can be a or g.- <400> SEQUENCE: 71- ggaattcctt tttttttttt tttttttctt nntttttttt tgcccttata cc - #tcttcgcc 60- tttctgtggt tccatccact tcttccccct cctcctccca taaacaactc tc - #ctacccct 120- gcacccccaa taaataaata aaaggaggag ggcaaggggg gaggaggagg ag - #tggtgctg 180- cgaggggaag gaaaagggag gcagcgcgag aagagccggg cagagtccga ac - #cgacagcc 240- agaagcccgc acgcacctcg cacc atg aga tgg cga cgc g - #cc ccg cgc cgc 291#Ala Pro Arg Argg Trp Arg Arg# 5 1- tcc ggg cgt ccc ggc ccc cgg gcc cag cgc cc - #c ggc tcc gcc gcc cgc 339Ser Gly Arg Pro Gly Pro Arg Ala Gln Arg Pr - #o Gly Ser Ala Ala Arg# 25- tcg tcg ccg ccg ctg ccg ctg ctg cca cta ct - #g ctg ctg ctg ggg acc 387Ser Ser Pro Pro Leu Pro Leu Leu Pro Leu Le - #u Leu Leu Leu Gly Thr# 40- gcg gcc ctg gcg ccg ggg gcg gcg gcc ggc aa - #c gag gcg gct ccc gcg 435Ala Ala Leu Ala Pro Gly Ala Ala Ala Gly As - #n Glu Ala Ala Pro Ala# 55- ggg gcc tcg gtg tgc tac tcg tcc ccg ccc ag - #c gtg gga tcg gtg cag 483Gly Ala Ser Val Cys Tyr Ser Ser Pro Pro Se - #r Val Gly Ser Val Gln# 70- gag cta gct cag cgc gcc gcg gtg gtc atc ga - #g gga aag gtg cac ccg 531Glu Leu Ala Gln Arg Ala Ala Val Val Ile Gl - #u Gly Lys Val His Pro# 85- cag cgg cgg cag cag ggg gca ctc gac agg aa - #g gcg gcg gcg gcg gcg 579Gln Arg Arg Gln Gln Gly Ala Leu Asp Arg Ly - #s Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala#105- ggc gag gca ggg gcg tgg ggc ggc gat cgc ga - #g ccg cca gcc gcg ggc 627Gly Glu Ala Gly Ala Trp Gly Gly Asp Arg Gl - #u Pro Pro Ala Ala Gly# 120- cca cgg gcg ctg ggg ccg ccc gcc gag gag cc - #g ctg ctc gcc gcc aac 675Pro Arg Ala Leu Gly Pro Pro Ala Glu Glu Pr - #o Leu Leu Ala Ala Asn# 135- ggg acc gtg ccc tct tgg ccc acc gcc ccg gt - #g ccc agc gcc ggc gag 723Gly Thr Val Pro Ser Trp Pro Thr Ala Pro Va - #l Pro Ser Ala Gly Glu# 150- ccc ggg gag gag gcg ccc tat ctg gtg aag gt - #g cac cag gtg tgg gcg 771Pro Gly Glu Glu Ala Pro Tyr Leu Val Lys Va - #l His Gln Val Trp Ala# 165- gtg aaa gcc ggg ggc ttg aag aag gac tcg ct - #g ctc acc gtg cgc ctg 819Val Lys Ala Gly Gly Leu Lys Lys Asp Ser Le - #u Leu Thr Val Arg Leu170 1 - #75 1 - #80 1 -#85- ggg acc tgg ggc cac ccc gcc ttc ccc tcc tg - #c ggg agg ctc aag gag 867Gly Thr Trp Gly His Pro Ala Phe Pro Ser Cy - #s Gly Arg Leu Lys Glu# 200- gac agc agg tac atc ttc ttc atg gag ccc ga - #c gcc aac agc acc agc 915Asp Ser Arg Tyr Ile Phe Phe Met Glu Pro As - #p Ala Asn Ser Thr Ser# 215- cgc gcg ccg gcc gcc ttc cga gcc tct ttc cc - #c cct ctg gag acg ggc 963Arg Ala Pro Ala Ala Phe Arg Ala Ser Phe Pr - #o Pro Leu Glu Thr Gly# 230- cgg aac ctc aag aag gag gtc agc cgg gtg ct - #g tgc aag cgg tgc gcc1011Arg Asn Leu Lys Lys Glu Val Ser Arg Val Le - #u Cys Lys Arg Cys Ala# 245- ttg cct ccc caa ttg aaa gag atg aaa agc ca - #g gaa tcg gct gca ggt1059Leu Pro Pro Gln Leu Lys Glu Met Lys Ser Gl - #n Glu Ser Ala Ala Gly250 2 - #55 2 - #60 2 -#65- tcc aaa cta gtc ctt cgg tgt gaa acc agt tc - #t gaa tac tcc tct ctc1107Ser Lys Leu Val Leu Arg Cys Glu Thr Ser Se - #r Glu Tyr Ser Ser Leu# 280- aga ttc aag tgg ttc aag aat ggg aat gaa tt - #g aat cga aaa aac aaa1155Arg Phe Lys Trp Phe Lys Asn Gly Asn Glu Le - #u Asn Arg Lys Asn Lys# 295- cca caa aat atc aag ata caa aaa aag cca gg - #g aag tca gaa ctt cgc1203Pro Gln Asn Ile Lys Ile Gln Lys Lys Pro Gl - #y Lys Ser Glu Leu Arg# 310- att aac aaa gca tca ctg gct gat tct gga ga - #g tat atg tgc aaa gtg1251Ile Asn Lys Ala Ser Leu Ala Asp Ser Gly Gl - #u Tyr Met Cys Lys Val# 325- atc agc aaa tta gga aat gac agt gcc tct gc - #c aat atc acc atc gtg1299Ile Ser Lys Leu Gly Asn Asp Ser Ala Ser Al - #a Asn Ile Thr Ile Val330 3 - #35 3 - #40 3 -#45- gaa tca aac gct aca tct aca tcc acc act gg - #g aca agc cat ctt gta1347Glu Ser Asn Ala Thr Ser Thr Ser Thr Thr Gl - #y Thr Ser His Leu Val# 360- aaa tgt gcg gag aag gag aaa act ttc tgt gt - #g aat gga ggg gag tgc1395Lys Cys Ala Glu Lys Glu Lys Thr Phe Cys Va - #l Asn Gly Gly Glu Cys# 375- ttc atg gtg aaa gac ctt tca aac ccc tcg ag - #a tac ttg tgc aag tgc1443Phe Met Val Lys Asp Leu Ser Asn Pro Ser Ar - #g Tyr Leu Cys Lys Cys# 390- cca aat gag ttt act ggt gat cgc tgc caa aa - #c tac gta atg gcc agc1491Pro Asn Glu Phe Thr Gly Asp Arg Cys Gln As - #n Tyr Val Met Ala Ser# 405- ttc tac agt acg tcc act ccc ttt ctg tct ct - #g cct gaa taggagcatg1540Phe Tyr Ser Thr Ser Thr Pro Phe Leu Ser Le - #u Pro Glu410 4 - #15 4 - #20- ctcagttggt gctgctttct tgttgctgca tctcccctca gattccacct ag - #agctagat1600- gtgtcttacc agatctaata ttgactgcct ctgcctgtcg catgagaaca tt - #aacaaaag1660- caattgtatt acttcctctg ttcgcgacta gttggctctg agatactaat ag - #gtgtgtga1720- ggctccggat gtttctggaa ttgatattga atgatgtgat acaaattgat ag - #tcaatatc1780- aagcagtgaa atatgataat aaaggcattt caaagtctca cttttattga ta - #aaataaaa1840- atcattctac tgaacagtcc atcttcttta tacaatgacc acatcctgaa aa - #gggtgttg1900- ctaagctgta accgatatgc acttgaaatg atggtaagtt aattttgatt ca - #gaatgtgt1960# 200 - #3taaaagga aaaaaaaaaa aaa- <210> SEQ ID NO 72<211> LENGTH: 422<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 72- Met Arg Trp Arg Arg Ala Pro Arg Arg Ser Gl - #y Arg Pro Gly Pro Arg# 15- Ala Gln Arg Pro Gly Ser Ala Ala Arg Ser Se - #r Pro Pro Leu Pro Leu# 30- Leu Pro Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu Gly Thr Ala Al - #a Leu Ala Pro Gly Ala# 45- Ala Ala Gly Asn Glu Ala Ala Pro Ala Gly Al - #a Ser Val Cys Tyr Ser# 60- Ser Pro Pro Ser Val Gly Ser Val Gln Glu Le - #u Ala Gln Arg Ala Ala#80- Val Val Ile Glu Gly Lys Val His Pro Gln Ar - #g Arg Gln Gln Gly Ala# 95- Leu Asp Arg Lys Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly Gl - #u Ala Gly Ala Trp Gly# 110- Gly Asp Arg Glu Pro Pro Ala Ala Gly Pro Ar - #g Ala Leu Gly Pro Pro# 125- Ala Glu Glu Pro Leu Leu Ala Ala Asn Gly Th - #r Val Pro Ser Trp Pro# 140- Thr Ala Pro Val Pro Ser Ala Gly Glu Pro Gl - #y Glu Glu Ala Pro Tyr145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Leu Val Lys Val His Gln Val Trp Ala Val Ly - #s Ala Gly Gly Leu Lys# 175- Lys Asp Ser Leu Leu Thr Val Arg Leu Gly Th - #r Trp Gly His Pro Ala# 190- Phe Pro Ser Cys Gly Arg Leu Lys Glu Asp Se - #r Arg Tyr Ile Phe Phe# 205- Met Glu Pro Asp Ala Asn Ser Thr Ser Arg Al - #a Pro Ala Ala Phe Arg# 220- Ala Ser Phe Pro Pro Leu Glu Thr Gly Arg As - #n Leu Lys Lys Glu Val225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- Ser Arg Val Leu Cys Lys Arg Cys Ala Leu Pr - #o Pro Gln Leu Lys Glu# 255- Met Lys Ser Gln Glu Ser Ala Ala Gly Ser Ly - #s Leu Val Leu Arg Cys# 270- Glu Thr Ser Ser Glu Tyr Ser Ser Leu Arg Ph - #e Lys Trp Phe Lys Asn# 285- Gly Asn Glu Leu Asn Arg Lys Asn Lys Pro Gl - #n Asn Ile Lys Ile Gln# 300- Lys Lys Pro Gly Lys Ser Glu Leu Arg Ile As - #n Lys Ala Ser Leu Ala305 3 - #10 3 - #15 3 -#20- Asp Ser Gly Glu Tyr Met Cys Lys Val Ile Se - #r Lys Leu Gly Asn Asp# 335- Ser Ala Ser Ala Asn Ile Thr Ile Val Glu Se - #r Asn Ala Thr Ser Thr# 350- Ser Thr Thr Gly Thr Ser His Leu Val Lys Cy - #s Ala Glu Lys Glu Lys# 365- Thr Phe Cys Val Asn Gly Gly Glu Cys Phe Me - #t Val Lys Asp Leu Ser# 380- Asn Pro Ser Arg Tyr Leu Cys Lys Cys Pro As - #n Glu Phe Thr Gly Asp385 3 - #90 3 - #95 4 -#00- Arg Cys Gln Asn Tyr Val Met Ala Ser Phe Ty - #r Ser Thr Ser Thr Pro# 415- Phe Leu Ser Leu Pro Glu 420- <210> SEQ ID NO 73<211> LENGTH: 69<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 73- Met Ser Glu Arg Lys Glu Gly Arg Gly Lys Gl - #y Lys Gly Lys Lys Lys# 15- Glu Arg Gly Ser Gly Lys Lys Pro Glu Ser Al - #a Ala Gly Ser Gln Ser# 30- Pro Arg Glu Ile Ile Thr Gly Met Pro Ala Se - #r Thr Glu Gly Ala Tyr# 45- Val Ser Ser Glu Ser Pro Ile Arg Ile Ser Va - #l Ser Thr Glu Gly Ala# 60- Asn Thr Ser Ser Ser65- <210> SEQ ID NO 74<211> LENGTH: 19<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens- <400> SEQUENCE: 74- Arg Lys Gly Asp Val Pro Gly Pro Arg Val Ly - #s Ser Ser Arg Ser Thr# 15- Thr Thr Ala- <210> SEQ ID NO 75<211> LENGTH: 6<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens & Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 75# 6- <210> SEQ ID NO 76<211> LENGTH: 417<212> TYPE: DNA<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 76- tctaaaacta cagagactgt attttcatga tcatcatagt tctgtgaaat at - #acttaaac 60- cgctttggtc ctgatcttgt aggaagtcag aacttcgcat tagcaaagcg tc - #actggctg 120- attctggaga atatatgtgc aaagtgatca gcaaactagg aaatgacagt gc - #ctctgcca 180- acatcaccat tgtggagtca aacggtaaga gatgcctact gcgtgctatt tc - #tcagtctc 240- taagaggagt gatcaaggta tgtggtcaca cttgaatcac gcaggtgtct ga - #aatctcat 300- tgtgaacaaa taaaaatcat gaaaggaaaa ctctatgttt gaaatatctt at - #gggtcctc 360- ctgtaaagct cttcactcca taaggtgaaa tagacctgaa atatatatag at - #tattt 417- <210> SEQ ID NO 77<211> LENGTH: 137<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<221> NAME/KEY: VARIANT<222> LOCATION: (14)...(135)<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa in positions 14, 2 - #3, 90, 100, 126, and135 is unknown.- <400> SEQUENCE: 77- Asn Tyr Arg Asp Cys Ile Phe Met Ile Ile Il - #e Val Leu Xaa Asn Ile# 15- Leu Lys Pro Leu Trp Ser Xaa Ser Cys Arg Ly - #s Ser Glu Leu Arg Ile# 30- Ser Lys Ala Ser Leu Ala Asp Ser Gly Glu Se - #r Met Cys Lys Val Ile# 45- Ser Lys Leu Gly Asn Asp Ser Ala Ser Ala As - #n Ile Arg Ile Val Glu# 60- Ser Asn Gly Lys Arg Cys Leu Leu Arg Ala Il - #e Ser Gln Ser Leu Arg#80- Gly Val Ile Lys Val Cys Gly His Thr Xaa Il - #e Thr Gln Val Ser Glu# 95- Ile Ser Cys Xaa Thr Asn Lys Asn His Glu Ar - #g Lys Thr Leu Cys Leu# 110- Lys Tyr Leu Met Gly Pro Pro Val Lys Leu Ph - #e Thr Pro Xaa Gly Glu# 125- Ile Asp Leu Lys Tyr Ile Xaa Ile Ile# 135- <210> SEQ ID NO 78<211> LENGTH: 8<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 78- Val His Glu Val Trp Ala Ala Lys 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 79<211> LENGTH: 13<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa in 10 is unknown.- <400> SEQUENCE: 79- Tyr Ile Phe Phe Met Glu Pro Glu Ala Xaa Se - #r Ser Gly# 10- <210> SEQ ID NO 80<211> LENGTH: 13<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is unknown.- <400> SEQUENCE: 80- Leu Gly Ala Trp Gly Pro Pro Ala Phe Pro Va - #l Xaa Tyr# 10- <210> SEQ ID NO 81<211> LENGTH: 8<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 81- Trp Phe Val Val Ile Glu Gly Lys 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 82<211> LENGTH: 15<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 82- Ala Ser Pro Val Ser Val Gly Ser Val Gln Gl - #u Leu Val Gln Arg# 15- <210> SEQ ID NO 83<211> LENGTH: 11<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 83- Val Cys Leu Leu Thr Val Ala Ala Leu Pro Pr - #o# 10- <210> SEQ ID NO 84<211> LENGTH: 9<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 84- Lys Val His Glu Val Trp Ala Ala Lys 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 85<211> LENGTH: 13<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is unknown.- <400> SEQUENCE: 85- Lys Ala Ser Leu Ala Asp Ser Gly Glu Tyr Me - #t Xaa Lys# 10- <210> SEQ ID NO 86<211> LENGTH: 6<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus<220> FEATURE:<223> OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is unknown.- <400> SEQUENCE: 86- Asp Leu Leu Leu Xaa Val 1 5- <210> SEQ ID NO 87<211> LENGTH: 4<212> TYPE: PRT<213> ORGANISM: Bos taurus- <400> SEQUENCE: 87- Leu Val Leu Arg__________________________________________________________________________

Claims

1. A method of affecting cellular communication between neuronal-associated cells and neuronal cells in a vertebrate, comprising administration of a neuregulin with p185.sup.erbB2, p185.sup.erbB3 or p185.sup.erbB4 binding activity to said vertebrate wherein said neuregulin interacts with said neuronal-associated cells, resulting in production of at least one neurotrophic agent by said neuronal-associated cells and said neurotrophic agent or agents affect the mitotic activity, survival, differentiation or neurite outgrowth of said neuronal cells.

2. A method of claim 1 wherein said vertebrate is a human.

3. A method of claim 1 wherein said neuronal-associated cells are nervous system support cells.

4. A method of claim 3 wherein said nervous system support cells are glial cells.

5. A method of claim 1 wherein said neuronal-associated cells are sensory organ cells.

6. A method of claim 1 wherein said neuronal-associated cells are muscle cells.

7. A method of claim 1 wherein said neuronal cells are cholinergic neurons.

8. A method of claim 1 wherein said neuronal cells are non-cholinergic neurons.

9. A method of claim 1 wherein said neuregulin is rhGGF2.

10. A method of affecting cellular communication between neuronal-associated cells and neuronal cells in the peripheral nervous system of a vertebrate, comprising administration of a neuregulin with p185.sup.erbB2, p185.sup.erbB3 or p185.sup.erbB4 binding activity to said vertebrate wherein said neuregulin interacts with said neuronal-associated cells, resulting in production of at least one neurotrophic agent by said neuronal-associated cells and said neurotrophic agent or agents affect the mitotic activity, survival, differentiation or neurite outgrowth of said neuronal cells.

11. A method of claim 10 wherein said neuronal associated cells are Schwann cells.

12. A method of claim 10 wherein said neuronal-associated cells are muscle cells.

13. A method of claim 10 wherein said neuronal-associated cells are skeletal muscle cells.

14. A method of claim 10 wherein said neuronal-associated cells are cardiac muscle cells.

15. A method of claim 10 wherein said neuronal-associated cells are smooth muscle cells.

16. A method of claim 10 wherein said neuronal-associated cells are sensory organ cells.

17. A method of claim 10 wherein said neuronal cells are cholinergic neurons.

18. A method of claim 10 wherein said neuronal cells are non-cholinergic neurons.

19. A method of treating a neurological disorder involving neuronal degeneration in the peripheral nervous system of a mammal, comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a neuregulin with p185.sup.erbB2, p185.sup.erbB3 or p185.sup.erbB4 binding activity to said mammal wherein said neuregulin interacts with neuronal-associated cells, resulting in the production of at least one neurotrophic agent which affects the mitotic activity, survival, differentiation or neurite outgrowth of neuronal cells.

20. A method of treating peripheral neuropathy and peripheral nerve injury comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a neuregulin with p185.sup.erbB2, p185.sup.erbB3 or p185.sup.erbB4 binding activity wherein said neuregulin interacts with a neuronal-associated cells, resulting in production of at least one neurotrophic agent by said neuronal-associated cells and said neurotrophic agent or agents affect the mitotic activity, survival, differentiation or neurite outgrowth of neuronal cells.