This invention relates, generally, to the use and structure of removable electronic circuit cards having different mechanical and/or electrical interfaces, and, more specifically, to the use of non-volatile memory cards according to the related MultiMediaCard (“MMC”) and Secure Digital (“SD”) Memory Card interfaces and cards having an interface according to a standard of the International Organization for Standardization (“ISO”) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (“IEC”), an example being the ISO/IEC 7816 standard.
The physical and electrical specifications for the MMC are given in “The MultiMediaCard System Specification” that is updated and published from time-to-time by the MultiMediaCard Association (“MMCA”) of Cupertino, Calif. Versions 2.11 and 2.2 of that Specification, dated June 1999 and January 2000, respectively, are expressly incorporated herein by this reference. MMC products having varying storage capacity up to 64 megabytes in a single card are currently available from SanDisk Corporation of Sunnyvale, Calif., assignee of the present application. These products are described in a “MultiMediaCard Product Manual,” Revision 2, dated April 2000, published by SanDisk corporation, which Manual is expressly incorporated herein by this reference. Certain aspects of the electrical operation of the MMC products are also described in co-pending patent applications of Thomas N. Toombs and Micky Holtzman, Ser. Nos. 09/185,649 and 09/186,064, both filed Nov. 4, 1998, and assigned to SanDisk Corporation. The physical card structure and a method of manufacturing it are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,040,622, assigned to SanDisk Corporation. Both of these applications and patent are also expressly incorporated herein by this reference.
The newer SD Card is similar to the MMC card, having the same size except for an increased thickness that accommodates an additional memory chip. A primary difference between them is that the SD Card includes additional data contacts in order to enable faster data transfer between the card and a host. The other contacts of the SD Card are the same as those of the MMC card in order that sockets designed to accept the SD Card will also accept the MMC card. The electrical interface with the SD card is further made to be, for the most part, backward compatible with the MMC product described in version 2.11 of its specification referenced above, in order that few changes to the operation of the host need be made in order to accommodate both types of card.
Cards made according to the ISO/IEC 7816 standard are of a different shape, have surface contacts in different positions, and a different electrical interface than the MMC and SD Cards. The ISO/IEC 7816 standard has the general title of “Identification cards—Integrated Circuit(s) Cards with Contacts,” and consists of parts 1-10 that carry individual dates from 1994 through 2000. This standard, copies of which are available from the ISO/IIEC in Geneva, Switzerland, is expressly incorporated herein by this reference. ISO/IEC 7816 cards are particularly useful in applications where data must be stored in a secure manner that makes it extremely difficult or impossible for the data to be read in an unauthorized manner.
One general use of the small ISO/IEC 7816 cards is for security against the theft and/or unauthorized use of electronic systems, in which case the card stores a security code personal to the user or the electronic system. A radio installed in a vehicle is one type of electronic system, for example, where a security code personal to the radio needs to be input at times in order for the radio to operate. In one arrangement, circuitry within the radio is provided that renders it inoperable when battery power has be disconnected. Entry of a unique security code is then required to again allow the radio to operate. One way to deliver the security code is to store it on a small ISO/IEC 7816 card and provide a card slot in the radio into which the card is inserted. Circuits are included in the radio to read the code from the card, compare it with a unique code for the particular radio and, if the codes match, re-enable operation of the radio after the battery has been reconnected.
A single card receptacle of a host electronic system can interact with one or more removably insertable cards according to two or more different existing card standards that are incompatible with each other as to their physical card shapes, arrangements of external contacts and electrical signal interfaces. For example, some data, such as a unique security code, are readable by the system according to the ISO/IEC 7816 card standard that is best adapted to handle such data, and other data, such as user data or operating programs, are readable by the system according to either of the MMC or SD Card standards for which those standards have been designed. The present invention is not limited, however, to the use of any particular card standard or types of data stored according to existing card standards.
In one specific embodiment, the physical standards of one type of card are altered to conform to those of another type of card, and each type of card is then separately formed in a package that has the physical characteristics of the other type of card. For example, a card according to the ISO/IEC 7816 standard is physically altered to have the same shape and pin locations specified by either of the related MMC or SD Card standards, with the receptacle of the electronic system conforming to that card standard. The two or more cards are then accepted by a single receptacle of the electronic system.
In another specific embodiment, the functions according to two or more card standards are combined on a single card having the physical dimensions and electrical contact locations of one of those standards. For example, a card according to either of the related MMC or SD Card standards can be modified to include the circuitry of a card according to the ISO/IEC 7816 standard, with the two or more electrical functions of the different standards sharing a common set of card contacts.
There are many applications of these embodiments. For example, in a vehicle radio, a card receptacle is adapted to receive both a card containing a security code and a memory card containing data of music that may be reproduced through the vehicle's audio system when enabled by the correct security code. In another example, a portable electronic device, such as a hand held computer, personal organizer, cellular telephone, or the like, has a card slot that receives a card including a part of a utilization program that changes from time-to-time, or data for use with a utilization program, in addition to receiving a card containing a security code that enables the utilization program to operate in the device. In a further example, a GPS receiver card slot receives a card containing a user security code to enable operation of the receiver and a card containing data that are used in the operation of the receiver to locate position and the like. In each case, the utilization data and the security code may alternately be contained on the same card.
In these applications, when separate cards are being used, the security code may be stored on a low capacity, relatively inexpensive memory card which the device owner would normally maintain separate from the electronic device in a safe place. A different one or more memory cards of the same type but of larger storage capacity are then used to store the associated data. Circuits within the electronic device distinguish the security code from the associated data when reading a card placed in its slot and use the data accordingly.
Additional features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, which should be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In order to illustrate one specific application of the invention summarized above, details are given of the automobile radio example.
The radio 11 has a usual assortment of controls and displays. Additionally, a slot 19 is included in the front of the radio to receive a standard non-volatile memory card. Two such cards 21 and 23 are shown. Electrical contacts are included within the slot 19 in the same pattern as contacts on such a memory card, so that an electrical connection between the radio and the contents of the memory card is established as soon as the card is fully inserted into the slot. When the card is removed from the slot, this connection is broken.
One type of memory card that is suitable for use as the cards 21 and 23 is the commercially available MCC. The more recent related SD Card may be used instead. Alternatively, a larger CompactFlash card may be used. Each of these card products includes a semiconductor flash EEPROM system, and is made by a number of manufacturers, including SanDisk Corporation of Sunnyvale, Calif., assignee of the present application. Other types of non-volatile memory cards may alternatively be employed. The mechanical and electrical interface that is provided in the slot 19 is made to conform to the requirements of the selected type of card.
Use of one such card 25 to store a security code is illustrated in
Use of this card facility to input audio data, such as of music, in addition to the security code, is illustrated in
The audio data stored on the memory card 37 is most commonly music, and, in order to store as much music as practical on a single card, is stored in a compressed form, such as by use of the common MP3 compression algorithm. When compressed, the card interface circuits 33 also include a signal processor for decompressing the digital audio data. More than one card slot maybe included in the radio 11 for accepting multiple memory cards that each contain music data files, in order to further increase the length of time that music maybe played without repetition or the replacement of a card.
The audio data card 37 is an alternative to the usual compact disk and tape players, which may also be included in the radio 11. Its use provides a convenient way to deliver music to the car radio 11. Digital music data may be stored on the card 37 by the user downloading the data from the Internet, for example, or transferred from a compact disc or other source. Multiple such cards may be used at one time, each containing data of different music. Each audio data card may be repetitively used by erasing its data and rewriting new data on it. The audio data card preferably has a capacity to store an amount of music that is typically delivered by a compact disk. About one hour's worth of music may be stored on a card that has a 64 megabyte capacity, for example, when the data is compressed to 10 percent of the amount of the original source data. The card 35 containing the security code, however, need have only a very small capacity, such as just one or a few kilobytes. The security code card can thus be quite inexpensive.
Various electronic devices in addition to a vehicle radio can also be provided with a memory card slot capable of such double duty. Something like the card interface circuit block 33 is also included in such other devices to interface both security code data and associated content data that is used by the electronic device to perform a function that is enabled by the security code. The security code is applied to a security circuit and the associated data is applied to a portion of the electronic device that carries out the function or operation that is enabled by receipt of the proper security code.
A description is given with respect to
The MMC and SD Cards, as shown in
For the MMC card, data is serially transferred between a card and a host over a single line connected to contact no. 7 while four data lines are individually connectable to contacts nos. 1, 7, 8 & 9 of the SD card. The SD Card is also capable of operating over a single data line connected to its contact no. 7, however, in order to be compatible with systems designed for the MMC card and elsewhere where a high data transfer rate is unnecessary. A single line connected to contact no. 2 of each card carries operating commands from a host and returns responses (status) of the card to the host. A clock signal is provided by the host to contact no. 5 of each card but the clock rate may be different. The remaining contacts nos. 3, 4 & 6 receive operating voltages from the host.
A card according to the ISO/IEC 7816 standard, as shown in
It will be noted that the high and low voltage supply contacts C1 and C5, and the clock signal contact C3 according to the ISO/IEC 7816 standard, are connected to the same external MMC or SD Card contacts nos. 3, 4, 5 & 6 in
The operable reset and input/output signal contacts C2 and C7 of the ISO/IEC 7816 standard, as shown in
When the circuit of
As an alternative to utilizing separate cards according to two different standards, the functions of the cards of
Although the present invention has been described with respect to a specific embodiment, it will be understood that the invention is entitled to protection within the full scope of the appended claims.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/886,309, filed on Jul. 6, 2004, which in turn is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/633,089, filed on Aug. 4, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,824,063, issued on Nov. 30, 2004, which applications are incorporated herein in their entirety by this reference.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
4709136 | Watanabe | Nov 1987 | A |
4734896 | Soma et al. | Mar 1988 | A |
4882473 | Bergeron et al. | Nov 1989 | A |
5093862 | Scwartz | Mar 1992 | A |
5126548 | Sekiguchi | Jun 1992 | A |
5278395 | Benezet | Jan 1994 | A |
5375084 | Begun et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
5434395 | Storck et al. | Jul 1995 | A |
5486687 | Le Roux | Jan 1996 | A |
5625608 | Grewe et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
5694516 | Grewe et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
5696928 | Grewe et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
5724482 | Grewe et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
5742226 | Szabo et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
5773812 | Kreft | Jun 1998 | A |
5847372 | Kreft | Dec 1998 | A |
5852290 | Chaney | Dec 1998 | A |
5877488 | Klatt et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
5887145 | Harari et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
5895903 | Abe et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
5928347 | Jones | Jul 1999 | A |
5933328 | Wallace et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
5936226 | Aucsmith | Aug 1999 | A |
6000607 | Ohki et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
6002605 | Iwasaki et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
6010066 | Itou et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
6040622 | Wallace | Mar 2000 | A |
6073855 | MacKenthun | Jun 2000 | A |
6097605 | Klatt et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6137710 | Iwasaki et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
6151647 | Sarat | Nov 2000 | A |
6199128 | Sarat | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6216955 | Le Roux et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6226202 | Kikuchi | May 2001 | B1 |
6377160 | Groeger | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6460772 | Stahl | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6496381 | Groeger | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6612498 | Lipponen et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6669487 | Nishizawa et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6824063 | Wallace et al. | Nov 2004 | B1 |
7090124 | Wallace et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2417505 | Jan 2001 | CN |
0898254 | Feb 1999 | EP |
1037159 | Sep 2000 | EP |
1 305 717 | May 2003 | EP |
0329513 | Apr 1994 | FR |
WO 9805532 | Feb 1998 | WO |
WO 9812825 | Mar 1998 | WO |
WO 9909662 | Feb 1999 | WO |
WO 9949415 | Sep 1999 | WO |
WO 0070553 | Nov 2000 | WO |
WO 0070554 | Nov 2000 | WO |
WO 0184490 | Aug 2001 | WO |
WO 02013021 | Feb 2002 | WO |
WO 02013021 | Feb 2002 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20060202034 A1 | Sep 2006 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 10886309 | Jul 2004 | US |
Child | 11383928 | US | |
Parent | 09633089 | Aug 2000 | US |
Child | 10886309 | US |