The present patent document relates generally to user interface design and more particularly to the design of user interfaces for applications running on handheld communication devices.
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by any one of the patent document or patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
Handheld devices such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), cellular phones, portable computing devices and other two-way data and/or voice communication devices, are increasing in popularity as they have become more feature-rich at an ever decreasing cost to the consumer. In particular, handheld devices that allow both voice and data communication are almost indispensable tools in certain businesses and government agencies. The need to maintain electronic mail communication as well as a variety of related information management applications such as electronic calendars, contacts and address books, without impeding mobility are among the critical factors driving the demand for handheld communication devices. Popular handheld devices include those supplied by Research In Motion Ltd. of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
However, some applications running on handheld devices may be cumbersome to use. This is partly due to the limitations of the hardware although user interface design also plays a part. Handheld devices must, by definition, be easily portable and convenient to carry around. This entails that the handheld devices must have a small form-factor and be sufficiently light for mobile use. Unfortunately, the small size of a mobile handheld device limits the available physical means for data entry, data output and general interaction with a user. Both the data entry pad or keyboard and viewable screen size of a handheld device are necessarily small compared with personal computers or workstations. Moreover, the use of a peripheral input device such as a mouse is awkward or impractical for handheld devices, as the peripheral is often almost as large as the handheld itself. In addition, handheld devices are often battery operated. Battery operated devices must pay particular attention to power consumption as power is a very limited resource. It is thus advantageous, for power conservation purposes, to minimize the number of components that consume power.
Therefore it is often challenging for applications running on handheld devices to offer user interface features that are as rich and as convenient to use as those offered by their counterparts running on PCs and workstations. PCs have much larger screens, bigger keyboards and may easily use additional peripheral input devices such as a mouse. Conventional applications running on handheld devices thus typically offer user interfaces that are less familiar and may sometimes be confusing to use. Approaches to solve user interface problems have tended to focus on the design of small form-factor keyboard layouts for optimal thumb-based data entry, such as the solution taught by U.S. Pat. No. 6,867,763 granted to Research In Motion Ltd.
However, the visual aspects of data entry interfaces in handheld devices for common applications, such as email client software, still tend to be different from those offered by the desktop equivalents, due primarily to the limitations of screen size. These differences in the user interfaces between handheld versions and desktop versions of similar applications are disadvantageous. For example, the typical handheld user is almost always familiar with a desktop email client and is therefore likely to be inconvenienced by a user interface on a handheld that is very different. Further, composing an email message using conventional email clients on handhelds often entails an excessive use of menu driven input. Accordingly, there is a need for applications running on handheld devices that mimic some of the desirable aspects of user interfaces of corresponding desktop applications. Advantageously, a better user interface would make handheld devices more convenient and enjoyable to use.
Aspects and features of the disclosed device and method will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying figures. In the figures which illustrate example embodiments:
A handheld device and method for composing an email message to be sent over a wireless network environment is disclosed. In accordance with one aspect, a method of operation of a handheld device is disclosed. According to the method, upon receipt of a user request to compose an e-mail, a screen is displayed with a recipient field for a recipient address, an associated label to indicate that the recipient field is for a recipient address, and a message body field for holding message content. The method further includes, upon each keystroke entry of text to the recipient field, looking up entries from an address book which match the text, and displaying a selection menu representing addresses from at least a portion of the entries. In accordance with another aspect, a handheld device loaded with an email client is disclosed. The email client includes processor executable instructions that allow a user to compose an email message to send to a server computer over a network. The email client on the handheld device displays a screen with a recipient field for a recipient address, an associated label to indicate that the recipient field is for a recipient address, and a message body field for holding message content. The device further looks up entries from an address book which match text typed into the recipient field, and displays a selection menu representing addresses from at least a portion of the entries.
A radio frequency (RF) base station 112 provides a communication link between WAN 106, which may be the public Internet, and a communications network 110, which may be a wireless network. Handheld device 200 accesses data from server 104 or desktop computer 102 through the communications network 110 and WAN 106. In some network architectures, a firewall may be implemented between WAN 106 and server computer 104 to gate access to LAN, 114 which may be a corporate LAN.
Handheld device 200 is loaded with email client software that accesses email messages, stored in mail server software such as Microsoft Exchange or Lotus Domino software, running on server 104. To facilitate data access by handheld device 200, server 104 may be loaded with specialized software to provide compression, encryption and a data interface with the mail server software.
The housing may be elongated vertically, or may take on other sizes and shapes (including clamshell housing structures). The keyboard may include a mode selection key, or other hardware or software for switching between text entry and telephony entry.
In addition to the microprocessor 228, other parts of the handheld device 200 are shown schematically in
Operating system software executed by the microprocessor 228 is preferably stored in a persistent store, such as the flash memory 216, but may be stored in other types of memory devices, such as a read only memory (ROM) or similar storage element. In addition, system software, specific device applications, or parts thereof, may be temporarily loaded into a volatile store, such as the RAM 218. Communication signals received by the handheld device may also be stored to the RAM 218.
The microprocessor 228, in addition to its operating system functions, enables execution of software applications on the handheld device 200. A predetermined set of software applications that control basic device operations, such as a voice communications module 230A and a data communications module 230B, are installed on the handheld device 200 during manufacture. The data communications module 230B allows the handling of email messages. In addition, a personal information manager (PIM) application module 230C is also installed on the handheld device 200 during manufacture. The PIM application is capable of organizing and managing data items, such as e-mail, calendar events, voice mails, appointments, and task items. The PIM application is also capable of sending and receiving data items via wireless network 110. The data items managed by the PIM application are seamlessly integrated, synchronized and updated via the wireless network with the device user's corresponding data items stored or associated with a host computer system. As well, additional software modules, illustrated as other software modules 230N, may be installed during manufacture.
Communication functions, including data and voice communications, are performed through the communication subsystem 270, and possibly through the short-range communications subsystem 202. The communication subsystem 270 includes a receiver 250, a transmitter 252 and one or more antennas, illustrated as a receive antenna 254 and a transmit antenna 256. In addition, the communication subsystem 270 also includes a processing module, such as a digital signal processor (DSP) 258, and local oscillators (LOs) 260. The specific design and implementation of the communication subsystem 270 is dependent upon the communication network in which the handheld device 200 is intended to operate. For example, the communication subsystem 270 of the handheld device 200 may be designed to operate with the Mobitex™, DataTAC™ or General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) mobile data communication networks and also designed to operate with any of a variety of voice communication networks, such as Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Code Division Multiple Access CDMA, Personal Communications Service (PCS), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), etc. Other types of data and voice networks, both separate and integrated, may also be utilized with the handheld device 200.
Network access requirements vary depending upon the type of communication system. For example, in the Mobitex™ and DataTAC™ networks, handheld devices are registered on the network using a unique Personal Identification Number (PIN) associated with each device. In GPRS networks, however, network access is associated with a subscriber or user of a device. A GPRS device therefore requires a subscriber identity module, commonly referred to as a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card, in order to operate on a GPRS network.
When required network registration or activation procedures have been completed, the handheld device 200 may send and receive communication signals over the communication network 110. Signals received from the communication network 110 by the receive antenna 254 are routed to the receiver 250, which provides for signal amplification, frequency down conversion, filtering, channel selection, etc., and may also provide analog to digital conversion. Analog-to-digital conversion of the received signal allows the DSP 258 to perform more complex communication functions, such as demodulation and decoding. In a similar manner, signals to be transmitted to the network 110 are processed (e.g., modulated and encoded) by the DSP 258 and are then provided to the transmitter 252 for digital to analog conversion, frequency up conversion, filtering, amplification and transmission to the communication network 110 (or networks) via the transmit antenna 256.
In addition to processing communication signals, the DSP 258 provides for control of the receiver 250 and the transmitter 252. For example, gains applied to communication signals in the receiver 250 and the transmitter 252 may be adaptively controlled through automatic gain control algorithms implemented in the DSP 258.
In a data communication mode, a received signal, such as a text message or web page download, is processed by the communication subsystem 270 and is input to the microprocessor 228. The received signal is then further processed by the microprocessor 228 for an output to the display 226, or alternatively to some other auxiliary I/O devices 207. A device user may also compose data items, such as e-mail messages, using the keyboard 214, a trackwheel 206 (as for example a thumbwheel) and/or some other auxiliary I/O device 207, such as a touchpad, a rocker switch, or some other type of input device. The composed data items may then be transmitted over the communication network 110 via the communication subsystem 270.
In a voice communication mode, overall operation of the device is substantially similar to the data communication mode, except that received signals are output to a speaker 211, and signals for transmission are generated by a microphone 212. Alternative voice or audio I/O subsystems, such as a voice message recording subsystem, may also be implemented on the device 200. In addition, the display 226 may also be utilized in voice communication mode, for example, to display the identity of a calling party, the duration of a voice call, or other voice call related information.
The short-range communications subsystem 202 enables communication between the handheld device 200 and other proximate systems or devices, which need not necessarily be similar devices. For example, the short-range communications subsystem may include an infrared device and associated circuits and components, or a Bluetooth™ communication module to provide for communication with similarly-enabled systems and devices.
Handheld device 200, when operating under the control of known software and device code (firmware), may be used to compose an electronic mail message to a recipient in the manner illustrated in
With reference to
The address selection list is a list of the first entries in the local address book stored in handheld device 200 headed with a ‘[Use Once]’ entry. If the address book is empty or the intended recipient's address is not in the address book, only the ‘[Use Once]’ option and a message line that reads ‘*No Addresses*’ is displayed indicating that the address book is empty. The message line itself may be selectable and if selected it may prompt for a new address using a new email address entry window (not shown).
If the address book is not empty the user may select the entry 340 with the name of a recipient in the address list 338 as shown in
If the ‘[Use Once]’ entry 336 (
It can be easily appreciated that the sequence of actions to arrive at screenshot 360 is not very intuitive or as straightforward as possible. In that regard, new users who have not synchronized their local address book in their handheld device 200 will have to undertake the steps represented by the sequence of user interfaces shown in
As mentioned earlier, the sequence of user interaction described thus far results from handheld device 200 operating with known software. Several variations exist consequent upon different known software loads. However, these variations nonetheless exhibit at least some of the disadvantageous characteristics identified.
One approach to solve the user interface problems identified is to have the handheld device mimic, to the extent possible, standard user interfaces used in popular desktop applications. Conveniently, handheld device 200 may be adapted to operate in exemplary inventive manners by the way of new software loaded onto device 200.
In this regard, returning to
Software applications 240, such as applications according to embodiments of this disclosure may easily be implemented using a standard programming language such as the Java™ programming language, targeting a virtual machine executing in handheld device 200. To make use of a virtual machine, an application development platform, such as the Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME), along with a development environment which may be a variant of the Java Development Environment (JDE) from Sun Microsystems Inc., may be used to develop applications. Application developer guides for a specific development platform may be consulted to develop an application with user interfaces as disclosed herein. JDE for a particular handheld device, for example, provides a set of application programming interfaces (API) which provides access to device features including user interface, networking, localization and other capabilities. Thus, using the above resources and related hardware, software and documentation, the descriptions of embodiments of the user interface layouts provided hereinafter and associated features can be implemented in a straightforward manner by those with ordinary skill in the art. Alternately, many other programming approaches, languages and platforms may be used. For instance, the application may target the operating system of device 200 directly, or another programming language such as C or C++ may be used. The approach outlined above is thus only exemplary and in no way limiting.
A handheld device 200 operated in exemplary inventive manners may start out by launching a start up screen similar to that in
Exemplary screenshots of handheld device 200 when loaded with software so as to operate in accordance with the present disclosure are depicted in
Screenshot 400 is an exemplary email composition screen. Screenshot 400 includes labels 402, 406 and 410 which read “To:”, “Cc:” and “Subject”, respectively. Recipient field 404 is a freeform field in which a recipient may be entered. Field 408 is a freeform field in which copied recipients are entered. Field 412 is a free form field in which the subject heading for the email is entered while field 414 allows the message content of the email to be keyed in.
As the user types text in to field 404, any matching names may be selected from the address book and displayed in a selection menu 456 as shown in
As the user types in more letters the list of matching names may become shorter, since names that do not match the typed text are successively removed from selection menu 456 with each keystroke entry of text into field 404. If the user selects an entry in selection menu 456, the selected entry will be inserted into field 404, field 404 is changed to become a non-freeform field, and the selection menu 456 disappears. If the selected entry contains no email address, a warning is displayed indicating that the entry does not contain an email address. Conversely, if the selected entry contains multiple email addresses, a dialog or menu (not shown) is displayed with a list of possible email addresses for the recipient, to allow the user to select one.
In one embodiment, if an escape key is pressed, while the selection menu 456 has focus, the menu disappears and field 404 receives focus again. In alternate embodiments the user can close selection menu 456 by continuing to scroll up after the top item in selection menu 456 has received focus. In other embodiments, if a user changes a field (e.g. field 404) while menu 456 is not visible, either by keystroke or using the trackwheel, then menu 456 reappears.
After an address is selected, and inserted into recipient field 404, a new input field of the same type (‘To:’, ‘Cc:’ or ‘Bcc:’) appears. For example, as shown in
The possibility exists that the intended e-mail recipient is not in the address book but the user knows the e-mail address of the recipient. To facilitate entry of an e-mail address, as text characters are typed in recipient field 404 or 404B (
The email composition screen as shown in
An exemplary result of a remote or global address lookup is displayed in screenshot 462 in
A detailed, step-by-step, example of using one embodiment of a user interface for composing and sending an email message is described below with reference to
Turning to
While focus is on the ‘Send Using’ field, the user may press trackwheel 206 on obtain pop-up menu 820 (
For example, if a user changes the option to the ‘Desktop’ entry (representing the enterprise email service) then, as shown in
Selection menu 1120 is dynamically updated upon each keystroke entry of text into recipient field 1008, by displaying in the selection menu 1120 a filtered list of names containing the typed text. Thus, in
If the user focuses on the recipient represented by entry 1230 in menu 1220, as shown in
Upon the user selecting a particular email address, as seen in
Trackwheel 206 may be used to invoke pop-up menu 820 (
Upon selection of a Bcc recipient—as shown in
If the intended recipient is not in the address book, as depicted in
The user may also enter the recipient address directly into the recipient field (which is useful if the recipient address is neither in the address book nor in the global address list). For example, if the user wants to send an email to batman@rimcom, the user can type “batman@rimcom” or “batman rim com” into the second recipient field 1532 (
Once the recipient is specified in the second recipient field 1532, a third recipient field 2636 and associated label 2634 are added to the email composition screen as shown in
It may be that a user, after typing a text string into one of the recipient fields, such as “lazaridis”, inadvertently selects the option “Email lazaridis” from the selection menu 1620 (
The process of matching the typed text in a recipient field to entries in the address book is done by comparing the typed text to both the name of a recipient in an address book entry and also other attributes in the address book entry such as company names. Accordingly, with reference to
In an alternate embodiment illustrated in
The described approach and user interfaces may also be used with messaging services other than e-mail such as a Personal Identification Number (PIN) based addressing service, a short messaging service (SMS), a multimedia messaging service (MMS) or an instant messaging (IM) service. Where handheld device 200 may operate using one or more of these services, the user may select a particular service to use.
For example, a handheld device 200 may have a personal identification number (PIN) associated with it and a service may exist to allow addressing messages with a PIN. When two such devices communicate using a PIN-based addressing service, one device may send a message using a recipient's PIN (instead of an email address). Using handheld device 200 operating according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a user may arrive at a screen similar to screenshot 400 (
A step-by-step, example of using one embodiment of the user interface for composing and sending a PIN message is described below with reference to
An exemplary PIN composition window is shown in
Selection menu 3220 is dynamically updated upon each keystroke entry of text into PIN recipient field 3104, by displaying in the selection menu 3220 a filtered list of names containing the typed text. Thus, as a result of the user typing ‘jac’ into the recipient field 3104 in
As is the case with other input fields discussed above, upon selection of a PIN recipient as shown in
In an alternate embodiment, keyboard 214 (
To enable a user to make use of the multiple letters, digits, and the like on any given key, various keystroke interpretation systems have been provided. For instance, a “multi-tap” system allows a user to substantially unambiguously specify a particular character on a key by pressing the same key a number of times equivalent to the position of the desired character on the key.
In another keystroke interpretation system, a user presses keys to which the desired characters, amongst others, have been assigned, generally pressing each key one time for each desired letter, and disambiguation software attempts to predict the intended input.
Accordingly, in one embodiment, multiple characters appear on each key of the keyboard of the handheld and the user interface software includes disambiguation software that predicts the intended input of the user from a potentially ambiguous input. A step-by-step example of email composition using one embodiment employing a disambiguation engine is depicted in
In
In
In another embodiment, short messaging service (SMS) may be used to send a text message to a recipient. Here, instead of an email address or a PIN, a phone number is used to specify recipients. A phone number associated with an SMS-enabled device may be specified as a recipient directly or through selection of a name in the address book associated with a phone number. Again, using handheld device 200, a user may arrive at an SMS composition screen by selecting the ‘Messages’ icon (
In yet another embodiment, multimedia messaging service (MMS) may be used to send a text message and multimedia attachments to a recipient. Here, either a phone number or an email address is used to specify recipients. A phone number associated with an MMS-enabled device may be specified as a recipient. Using handheld device 200 a user may arrive at an MMS composition screen by selecting the ‘Messages’ icon (
In yet another embodiment, instant messaging (IM) may be used to send and receive text messages to a recipient in real time. Here, a buddy name is used to specify recipients and a buddy name from a contact list associated with an instant messaging service is used to select a recipient. Using an instant messaging client on handheld device 200 a user arrives at an instant messaging screen. Instant messaging requires the user to log into an IM server. Once logged in, the user may initiate two-way communication with another user (a buddy) who is also logged in to the IM server. Similar to what was described for email composition, when a user types in text to the input field, matching buddy name entries from the list of contacts that are online (buddy names), may appear in a selection menu similar to selection menu 456 allowing the user to select one. After the user selects a name, the selected entry is displayed in a field, such as field 404, and the user may then send and receive messages in real time. Rather than selecting a name from a contact list (buddy list), the user has the option of keying in a known buddy name.
In alternate implementations of instant messaging, a buddy name may be associated with address book entries. Using an instant messaging client on handheld device 200 a user may arrive at an instant messaging screen. As described for email composition, when a user types in text to the input field 404, matching recipient names from the address book are displayed in selection menu 456 allowing the user to select one. After the user selects a name, the selected entry may be displayed in a field, such as field 404, and the user may send and receive messages in real time. However, if the selected entry does not have an associated buddy name, the user is warned. Once again, the user may have the option of keying in a known buddy name into a recipient input field.
As may be appreciated by an ordinary user of popular desktop applications, the layout of screenshot 400 shown in
Of course, the above described embodiments are intended to be illustrative only and in no way limiting. The described embodiments are susceptible to many modifications of form, arrangement of parts, details and order of operation. The disclosed embodiments are rather intended to encompass all such modification within the scope, as defined by the claims.
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