Patent Grant
11468625
The present disclosure relates generally to computer user interfaces, and more specifically to techniques for managing user interfaces for simulated depth effects.
At present, a user cannot capture an image or photo with precise depth-of-field properties without the aid of a bulky camera. Furthermore, a user cannot quickly and easily make precise adjustments to depth-of-field properties of a stored image or photo.
Some techniques for simulating depth effects using electronic devices, however, are generally cumbersome and inefficient. For example, some existing techniques use a complex and time-consuming user interface, which may include multiple key presses or keystrokes. Existing techniques require more time than necessary, wasting user time and device energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices.
Accordingly, the present technique provides electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for simulated depth effects. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace other methods for simulated depth effects. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. Such methods and interfaces also enable easy application and editing of applied depth effects using only the electronic device without the aid of another device, thereby enhancing user efficiency and convenience.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method performed at an electronic device with a display and one or more input devices is described. The method comprises: displaying, on the display, a representation of image data; while displaying the representation of image data with a simulated depth effect as modified by a first value of a plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first input; in response to detecting the first input, displaying, on the display, an adjustable slider associated with manipulating the representation of image data, wherein the adjustable slider includes: a plurality of option indicators corresponding to a plurality of the selectable values for the simulated depth effect; and a selection indicator indicating that the first value is a currently-selected simulated depth effect value; while displaying the adjustable slider, detecting, via the one or more input devices, an input directed to the adjustable slider; and in response to detecting the input directed to the adjustable slider: moving the adjustable slider to indicate that a second value, of the plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, is the currently-selected simulated depth effect value; and changing an appearance of the representation of image data in accordance with the simulated depth effect as modified by the second value.
In accordance with some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is described. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display and one or more input devices, the one or more programs including instructions for: displaying, on the display, a representation of image data; while displaying the representation of image data with a simulated depth effect as modified by a first value of a plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first input; in response to detecting the first input, displaying, on the display, an adjustable slider associated with manipulating the representation of image data, wherein the adjustable slider includes: a plurality of option indicators corresponding to a plurality of the selectable values for the simulated depth effect; and a selection indicator indicating that the first value is a currently-selected simulated depth effect value; while displaying the adjustable slider, detecting, via the one or more input devices, an input directed to the adjustable slider; and in response to detecting the input directed to the adjustable slider: moving the adjustable slider to indicate that a second value, of the plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, is the currently-selected simulated depth effect value; and changing an appearance of the representation of image data in accordance with the simulated depth effect as modified by the second value.
In accordance with some embodiments, a transitory computer-readable storage medium is described. The transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display and one or more input devices, the one or more programs including instructions for: displaying, on the display, a representation of image data; while displaying the representation of image data with a simulated depth effect as modified by a first value of a plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first input; in response to detecting the first input, displaying, on the display, an adjustable slider associated with manipulating the representation of image data, wherein the adjustable slider includes: a plurality of option indicators corresponding to a plurality of the selectable values for the simulated depth effect; and a selection indicator indicating that the first value is a currently-selected simulated depth effect value; while displaying the adjustable slider, detecting, via the one or more input devices, an input directed to the adjustable slider; and in response to detecting the input directed to the adjustable slider: moving the adjustable slider to indicate that a second value, of the plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, is the currently-selected simulated depth effect value; and changing an appearance of the representation of image data in accordance with the simulated depth effect as modified by the second value.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device is described. The electronic device comprises a display, one or more input devices, one or more processors, and memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: displaying, on the display, a representation of image data; while displaying the representation of image data with a simulated depth effect as modified by a first value of a plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first input; in response to detecting the first input, displaying, on the display, an adjustable slider associated with manipulating the representation of image data, wherein the adjustable slider includes: a plurality of option indicators corresponding to a plurality of the selectable values for the simulated depth effect; and a selection indicator indicating that the first value is a currently-selected simulated depth effect value; while displaying the adjustable slider, detecting, via the one or more input devices, an input directed to the adjustable slider; and in response to detecting the input directed to the adjustable slider: moving the adjustable slider to indicate that a second value, of the plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, is the currently-selected simulated depth effect value; and changing an appearance of the representation of image data in accordance with the simulated depth effect as modified by the second value.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device is described. The electronic device comprises a display; one or more input devices; means for displaying, on the display, a representation of image data; means, while displaying the representation of image data with a simulated depth effect as modified by a first value of a plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, for detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first input; and means, in response to detecting the first input, for displaying, on the display, an adjustable slider associated with manipulating the representation of image data, wherein the adjustable slider includes: a plurality of option indicators corresponding to a plurality of the selectable values for the simulated depth effect; and a selection indicator indicating that the first value is a currently-selected simulated depth effect value; means, while displaying the adjustable slider, for detecting, via the one or more input devices, an input directed to the adjustable slider; and means, in response to detecting the input directed to the adjustable slider, for: moving the adjustable slider to indicate that a second value, of the plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, is the currently-selected simulated depth effect value; and changing an appearance of the representation of image data in accordance with the simulated depth effect as modified by the second value.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method performed at an electronic device with a display and one or more input devices is described. The method comprises: receiving, via the one or more input devices, a request to apply a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data, wherein depth data for a subject within the representation of image data is available; and in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect, including: distorting a first portion of the representation of image data that has a first depth in a first manner, wherein the first manner is determined based on a distance of the first portion from a predefined portion of the representation of image data; and distorting a second portion of the representation of image data that has the first depth in a second manner that is different from the first manner, wherein the second manner is determined based on a distance of the second portion from the predefined portion of the representation of image data.
In accordance with some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is described. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display and one or more input devices, the one or more programs including instructions for: receiving, via the one or more input devices, a request to apply a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data, wherein depth data for a subject within the representation of image data is available; and in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect, including: distorting a first portion of the representation of image data that has a first depth in a first manner, wherein the first manner is determined based on a distance of the first portion from a predefined portion of the representation of image data; and distorting a second portion of the representation of image data that has the first depth in a second manner that is different from the first manner, wherein the second manner is determined based on a distance of the second portion from the predefined portion of the representation of image data.
In accordance with some embodiments, a transitory computer-readable storage medium is described. The transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display and one or more input devices, the one or more programs including instructions for: receiving, via the one or more input devices, a request to apply a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data, wherein depth data for a subject within the representation of image data is available; and in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect, including: distorting a first portion of the representation of image data that has a first depth in a first manner, wherein the first manner is determined based on a distance of the first portion from a predefined portion of the representation of image data; and distorting a second portion of the representation of image data that has the first depth in a second manner that is different from the first manner, wherein the second manner is determined based on a distance of the second portion from the predefined portion of the representation of image data.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device is described. The electronic device comprises a display, one or more input devices, one or more processors, and memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: receiving, via the one or more input devices, a request to apply a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data, wherein depth data for a subject within the representation of image data is available; and in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect, including: distorting a first portion of the representation of image data that has a first depth in a first manner, wherein the first manner is determined based on a distance of the first portion from a predefined portion of the representation of image data; and distorting a second portion of the representation of image data that has the first depth in a second manner that is different from the first manner, wherein the second manner is determined based on a distance of the second portion from the predefined portion of the representation of image data.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device is described. The electronic device comprises a display; one or more input devices; means for receiving, via the one or more input devices, a request to apply a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data, wherein depth data for a subject within the representation of image data is available; and means, in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data, for displaying, on the display, the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect, including: distorting a first portion of the representation of image data that has a first depth in a first manner, wherein the first manner is determined based on a distance of the first portion from a predefined portion of the representation of image data; and distorting a second portion of the representation of image data that has the first depth in a second manner that is different from the first manner, wherein the second manner is determined based on a distance of the second portion from the predefined portion of the representation of image data.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method performed at an electronic device with a display and one or more sensors, including one or more cameras, is described. The method comprises: while displaying, on the display, a user interface of a camera application, detecting, via the one or more sensors, external interference that will impair operation of a respective function of the one or more cameras; and in response to detecting the interference external to the electronic device: in accordance with a determination that a first criteria has been satisfied, displaying, on the display, a notification indicating that an operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed to reduce an impact of the external interference on the respective function of the one or more cameras; and in accordance with a determination that the first criteria has not been satisfied, forgoing displaying, on the display, the notification indicating that the operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed.
In accordance with some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is described. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display and one or more sensors, including one or more cameras, the one or more programs including instructions for: while displaying, on the display, a user interface of a camera application, detecting, via the one or more sensors, external interference that will impair operation of a respective function of the one or more cameras; and in response to detecting the interference external to the electronic device: in accordance with a determination that a first criteria has been satisfied, displaying, on the display, a notification indicating that an operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed to reduce an impact of the external interference on the respective function of the one or more cameras; and in accordance with a determination that the first criteria has not been satisfied, forgoing displaying, on the display, the notification indicating that the operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed.
In accordance with some embodiments, a transitory computer-readable storage medium is described. The transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display and one or more sensors, including one or more cameras, the one or more programs including instructions for: while displaying, on the display, a user interface of a camera application, detecting, via the one or more sensors, external interference that will impair operation of a respective function of the one or more cameras; and in response to detecting the interference external to the electronic device: in accordance with a determination that a first criteria has been satisfied, displaying, on the display, a notification indicating that an operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed to reduce an impact of the external interference on the respective function of the one or more cameras; and in accordance with a determination that the first criteria has not been satisfied, forgoing displaying, on the display, the notification indicating that the operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device is described. The electronic device comprises a display, one or more sensors, including one or more cameras, one or more processors, and memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: while displaying, on the display, a user interface of a camera application, detecting, via the one or more sensors, external interference that will impair operation of a respective function of the one or more cameras; and in response to detecting the interference external to the electronic device: in accordance with a determination that a first criteria has been satisfied, displaying, on the display, a notification indicating that an operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed to reduce an impact of the external interference on the respective function of the one or more cameras; and in accordance with a determination that the first criteria has not been satisfied, forgoing displaying, on the display, the notification indicating that the operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed.
In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device is described. The electronic device comprises a display; one or more sensors, including one or more cameras; means, while displaying, on the display, a user interface of a camera application, for detecting, via the one or more sensors, external interference that will impair operation of a respective function of the one or more cameras; and means, in response to detecting the interference external to the electronic device, for: in accordance with a determination that a first criteria has been satisfied, displaying, on the display, a notification indicating that an operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed to reduce an impact of the external interference on the respective function of the one or more cameras; and in accordance with a determination that the first criteria has not been satisfied, forgoing displaying, on the display, the notification indicating that the operation mode of the one or more cameras has been changed.
Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a transitory computer-readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors.
Thus, devices are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for adjusting image effects, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace other methods for adjusting image effects.
For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.
The following description sets forth exemplary methods, parameters, and the like. It should be recognized, however, that such description is not intended as a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure but is instead provided as a description of exemplary embodiments.
There is a need for electronic devices that provide efficient methods and interfaces for simulating depth effects. For example, there is a need for a device that can capture a live feed image/photo or display a stored image/photo and enable a user to quickly and easily make precise adjustments to depth-of-field properties of the image/photo. Such techniques can reduce the cognitive burden on a user who accesses displayed content associated with adjusting image effects, thereby enhancing productivity. Further, such techniques can reduce processor and battery power otherwise wasted on redundant user inputs.
Below,
Although the following description uses terms “first,” “second,” etc. to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by the terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first touch could be termed a second touch, and, similarly, a second touch could be termed a first touch, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first touch and the second touch are both touches, but they are not the same touch.
The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
The term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context.
Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touchpad).
In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse, and/or a joystick.
The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application.
The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user.
Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.
As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure, and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a user input allows for user access to additional device functionality that may otherwise not be accessible by the user on a reduced-size device with limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on a touch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or a physical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button).
As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user's sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user's hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user.
It should be appreciated that device 100 is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device 100 optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in
Memory 102 optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Memory controller 122 optionally controls access to memory 102 by other components of device 100.
Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU 120 and memory 102. The one or more processors 120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory 102 to perform various functions for device 100 and to process data. In some embodiments, peripherals interface 118, CPU 120, and memory controller 122 are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip 104. In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips.
RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry 108 optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The RF circuitry 108 optionally includes well-known circuitry for detecting near field communication (NFC) fields, such as by a short-range communication radio. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols, and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, and/or IEEE 802.11ac), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document.
Audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide an audio interface between a user and device 100. Audio circuitry 110 receives audio data from peripherals interface 118, converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker 111. Speaker 111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 also receives electrical signals converted by microphone 113 from sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface 118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108 by peripherals interface 118. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 110 also includes a headset jack (e.g., 212,
I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device 100, such as touch screen 112 and other input control devices 116, to peripherals interface 118. I/O subsystem 106 optionally includes display controller 156, optical sensor controller 158, depth camera controller 169, intensity sensor controller 159, haptic feedback controller 161, and one or more input controllers 160 for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers 160 receive/send electrical signals from/to other input control devices 116. The other input control devices 116 optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s) 160 are, optionally, coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, an infrared port, a USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g., 208,
A quick press of the push button optionally disengages a lock of touch screen 112 or optionally begins a process that uses gestures on the touch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, U.S. Pat. No. 7,657,849, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A longer press of the push button (e.g., 206) optionally turns power to device 100 on or off. The functionality of one or more of the buttons are, optionally, user-customizable. Touch screen 112 is used to implement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards.
Touch-sensitive display 112 provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller 156 receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen 112. Touch screen 112 displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output optionally corresponds to user-interface objects.
Touch screen 112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor, or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch screen 112 and display controller 156 (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory 102) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen 112 and convert the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages, or images) that are displayed on touch screen 112. In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between touch screen 112 and the user corresponds to a finger of the user.
Touch screen 112 optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch screen 112 and display controller 156 optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen 112. In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone® and iPod Touch® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.
A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen 112 is, optionally, analogous to the multi-touch sensitive touchpads described in the following U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932 (Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However, touch screen 112 displays visual output from device 100, whereas touch-sensitive touchpads do not provide visual output.
A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen 112 is described in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2, 2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30, 2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
Touch screen 112 optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user optionally makes contact with touch screen 112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user.
In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device 100 optionally includes a touchpad for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen 112 or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.
Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the various components. Power system 162 optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more optical sensors 164.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more depth camera sensors 175.
In some embodiments, a depth map (e.g., depth map image) contains information (e.g., values) that relates to the distance of objects in a scene from a viewpoint (e.g., a camera, an optical sensor, a depth camera sensor). In one embodiment of a depth map, each depth pixel defines the position in the viewpoint's z-axis where its corresponding two-dimensional pixel is located. In some embodiments, a depth map is composed of pixels wherein each pixel is defined by a value (e.g., 0-255). For example, the “0” value represents pixels that are located at the most distant place in a “three dimensional” scene and the “255” value represents pixels that are located closest to a viewpoint (e.g., a camera, an optical sensor, a depth camera sensor) in the “three dimensional” scene. In other embodiments, a depth map represents the distance between an object in a scene and the plane of the viewpoint. In some embodiments, the depth map includes information about the relative depth of various features of an object of interest in view of the depth camera (e.g., the relative depth of eyes, nose, mouth, ears of a user's face). In some embodiments, the depth map includes information that enables the device to determine contours of the object of interest in a z direction.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors 166.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators 167.
Device 100 optionally also includes one or more accelerometers 168.
In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory 102 include operating system 126, communication module (or set of instructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 130, graphics module (or set of instructions) 132, text input module (or set of instructions) 134, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions) 135, and applications (or sets of instructions) 136. Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory 102 (
Operating system 126 (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, iOS, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components.
Communication module 128 facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports 124 and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry 108 and/or external port 124. External port 124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with, the 30-pin connector used on iPod® (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices.
Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects contact with touch screen 112 (in conjunction with display controller 156) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module 130 includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module 130 receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156 detect contact on a touchpad.
In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device 100). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined threshold values without changing the trackpad or touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations, a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter).
Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (liftoff) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (liftoff) event.
Graphics module 132 includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch screen 112 or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast, or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including, without limitation, text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations, and the like.
In some embodiments, graphics module 132 stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module 132 receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller 156.
Haptic feedback module 133 includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s) 167 to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device 100 in response to user interactions with device 100.
Text input module 134, which is, optionally, a component of graphics module 132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141, browser 147, and any other application that needs text input).
GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone 138 for use in location-based dialing; to camera 143 as picture/video metadata; and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).
Applications 136 optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
Examples of other applications 136 that are, optionally, stored in memory 102 include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication.
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, contacts module 137 are, optionally, used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state 192 of contacts module 137 in memory 102 or memory 370), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone 138, video conference module 139, e-mail 140, or IM 141; and so forth.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, telephone module 138 are optionally, used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in contacts module 137, modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation, and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols, and technologies.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, optical sensor 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, contacts module 137, and telephone module 138, video conference module 139 includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, e-mail client module 140 includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module 144, e-mail client module 140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module 143.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, the instant messaging module 141 includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages, and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in an MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS).
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, map module 154, and music player module, workout support module 142 includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data: calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store, and transmit workout data.
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and image management module 144, camera module 143 includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory 102, modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory 102.
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and camera module 143, image management module 144 includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, browser module 147 includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, calendar module 148 includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to-do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, widget modules 149 are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget 149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, and dictionary widget 149-5) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget 149-6). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo!Widgets).
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, the widget creator module 150 are, optionally, used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget).
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, search module 151 includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory 102 that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, and browser module 147, video and music player module 152 includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present, or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen 112 or on an external, connected display via external port 124). In some embodiments, device 100 optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.).
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, notes module 153 includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to-do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, and browser module 147, map module 154 are, optionally, used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions, data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location, and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions.
In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, online video module 155 includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port 124), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module 141, rather than e-mail client module 140, is used to send a link to a particular online video. Additional description of the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20, 2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
Each of the above-identified modules and applications corresponds to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. For example, video player module is, optionally, combined with music player module into a single module (e.g., video and music player module 152,
In some embodiments, device 100 is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device 100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device 100 is, optionally, reduced.
The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device 100 to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device 100. In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad.
Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines the application 136-1 and application view 191 of application 136-1 to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter 170 includes event monitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174. In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes application internal state 192, which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitive display 112 when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state 157 is used by event sorter 170 to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state 192 is used by event sorter 170 to determine application views 191 to which to deliver event information.
In some embodiments, application internal state 192 includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application 136-1 resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application 136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user.
Event monitor 171 receives event information from peripherals interface 118. Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display 112, as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface 118 transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem 106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor 166, accelerometer(s) 168, and/or microphone 113 (through audio circuitry 110). Information that peripherals interface 118 receives from I/O subsystem 106 includes information from touch-sensitive display 112 or a touch-sensitive surface.
In some embodiments, event monitor 171 sends requests to the peripherals interface 118 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface 118 transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripherals interface 118 transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).
In some embodiments, event sorter 170 also includes a hit view determination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer determination module 173.
Hit view determination module 172 provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views when touch-sensitive display 112 displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display.
Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.
Hit view determination module 172 receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module 172 identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (e.g., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module 172, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view.
Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173 determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views.
Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module 173, event dispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module 173. In some embodiments, event dispatcher module 174 stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver 182.
In some embodiments, operating system 126 includes event sorter 170. Alternatively, application 136-1 includes event sorter 170. In yet other embodiments, event sorter 170 is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory 102, such as contact/motion module 130.
In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes a plurality of event handlers 190 and one or more application views 191, each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application's user interface. Each application view 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more event recognizers 180. Typically, a respective application view 191 includes a plurality of event recognizers 180. In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers 180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit or a higher level object from which application 136-1 inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, object updater 177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from event sorter 170. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater 176, object updater 177, or GUI updater 178 to update the application internal state 192. Alternatively, one or more of the application views 191 include one or more respective event handlers 190. Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included in a respective application view 191.
A respective event recognizer 180 receives event information (e.g., event data 179) from event sorter 170 and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer 180 includes event receiver 182 and event comparator 184. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 also includes at least a subset of: metadata 183, and event delivery instructions 188 (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions).
Event receiver 182 receives event information from event sorter 170. The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device.
Event comparator 184 compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 includes event definitions 186. Event definitions 186 contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1 (187-1), event 2 (187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event (187) include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first liftoff (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second liftoff (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event 2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display 112, and liftoff of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers 190.
In some embodiments, event definition 187 includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display 112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display 112, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler 190, the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler 190 should be activated. For example, event comparator 184 selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test.
In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event (187) also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.
When a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions 186, the respective event recognizer 180 enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.
In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 includes metadata 183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.
In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 activates event handler 190 associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 delivers event information associated with the event to event handler 190. Activating an event handler 190 is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process.
In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 188 include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process.
In some embodiments, data updater 176 creates and updates data used in application 136-1. For example, data updater 176 updates the telephone number used in contacts module 137, or stores a video file used in video player module. In some embodiments, object updater 177 creates and updates objects used in application 136-1. For example, object updater 177 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater 178 prepares display information and sends it to graphics module 132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.
In some embodiments, event handler(s) 190 includes or has access to data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178. In some embodiments, data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included in a single module of a respective application 136-1 or application view 191. In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules.
It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices 100 with input devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc. on touchpads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized.
Device 100 optionally also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button 204. As described previously, menu button 204 is, optionally, used to navigate to any application 136 in a set of applications that are, optionally, executed on device 100. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen 112.
In some embodiments, device 100 includes touch screen 112, menu button 204, push button 206 for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s) 208, subscriber identity module (SIM) card slot 210, headset jack 212, and docking/charging external port 124. Push button 206 is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device 100 also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone 113. Device 100 also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensity of contacts on touch screen 112 and/or one or more tactile output generators 167 for generating tactile outputs for a user of device 100.
Each of the above-identified elements in
Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces that are, optionally, implemented on, for example, portable multifunction device 100.
It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in
Although some of the examples that follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display 112 (where the touch-sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in
Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse-based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously.
Exemplary techniques for detecting and processing touch intensity are found, for example, in related applications: International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040061, titled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application,” filed May 8, 2013, published as WIPO Publication No. WO/2013/169849, and International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/069483, titled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display Output Relationships,” filed Nov. 11, 2013, published as WIPO Publication No. WO/2014/105276, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In some embodiments, device 500 has one or more input mechanisms 506 and 508. Input mechanisms 506 and 508, if included, can be physical. Examples of physical input mechanisms include push buttons and rotatable mechanisms. In some embodiments, device 500 has one or more attachment mechanisms. Such attachment mechanisms, if included, can permit attachment of device 500 with, for example, hats, eyewear, earrings, necklaces, shirts, jackets, bracelets, watch straps, chains, trousers, belts, shoes, purses, backpacks, and so forth. These attachment mechanisms permit device 500 to be worn by a user.
Input mechanism 508 is, optionally, a microphone, in some examples. Personal electronic device 500 optionally includes various sensors, such as GPS sensor 532, accelerometer 534, directional sensor 540 (e.g., compass), gyroscope 536, motion sensor 538, and/or a combination thereof, all of which can be operatively connected to I/O section 514.
Memory 518 of personal electronic device 500 can include one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage mediums, for storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by one or more computer processors 516, for example, can cause the computer processors to perform the techniques described below, including processes 700, 900, and 1100 (
As used here, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object that is, optionally, displayed on the display screen of devices 100, 300, and/or 500 (
As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad 355 in
As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristic intensity” of a contact refers to a characteristic of the contact based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. The characteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number of intensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during a predetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting the contact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or after detecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an end of the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity of the contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionally, based on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of the contact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an average value of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value of the intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of the intensities of the contact, or the like. In some embodiments, the duration of the contact is used in determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of the intensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds optionally includes a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. In this example, a contact with a characteristic intensity that does not exceed the first threshold results in a first operation, a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensity threshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results in a second operation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the second threshold results in a third operation. In some embodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity and one or more thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective operation or forgo performing the respective operation), rather than being used to determine whether to perform a first operation or a second operation.
In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. For example, a touch-sensitive surface optionally receives a continuous swipe contact transitioning from a start location and reaching an end location, at which point the intensity of the contact increases. In this example, the characteristic intensity of the contact at the end location is, optionally, based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact, and not the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipe contact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithm is, optionally, applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior to determining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: an unweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothing algorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponential smoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithms eliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contact for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity.
The intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, characterized relative to one or more intensity thresholds, such as a contact-detection intensity threshold, a light press intensity threshold, a deep press intensity threshold, and/or one or more other intensity thresholds. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with a characteristic intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures.
An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold and the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold and the light press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold is zero. In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold is greater than zero.
In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., a “down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input).
In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances).
For ease of explanation, the descriptions of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting either: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and/or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold.
Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that are implemented on an electronic device, such as portable multifunction device 100, device 300, or device 500.
Electronic device 600 optionally also includes one or more depth camera sensors (e.g., similar to one or more depth camera sensors 175 described with reference to
In some embodiments, a depth map (e.g., depth map image) contains information (e.g., values) that relates to the distance of objects in a scene from a viewpoint (e.g., a camera, an optical sensor, a depth camera sensor). In one embodiment of a depth map, each depth pixel defines the position in the viewpoint's z-axis where its corresponding two-dimensional pixel is located. In some embodiments, a depth map is composed of pixels wherein each pixel is defined by a value (e.g., 0-255). For example, the “0” value represents pixels that are located at the most distant place in a “three dimensional” scene and the “255” value represents pixels that are located closest to a viewpoint (e.g., a camera, an optical sensor, a depth camera sensor) in the “three dimensional” scene. In other embodiments, a depth map represents the distance between an object in a scene and the plane of the viewpoint. In some embodiments, the depth map includes information about the relative depth of various features of an object of interest in view of the depth camera (e.g., the relative depth of eyes, nose, mouth, ears of a user's face). In some embodiments, the depth map includes information that enables the device to determine contours of the object of interest in a z direction.
In
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Electronic device 600 displays, in an image display region 616 of user interface 614 of the image capture application, an image representation 618 of the image data received via rear-facing camera 608. In this example, image representation 618 includes a subject 620 (e.g., a view of a person that includes the face of the person and at least a portion of the upper body of the person). In this example, image representation 618 also includes a light-emitting object 622A (corresponding to a real light-emitting object in the real environment), light-emitting objects 622B (corresponding to real light-emitting objects in the real environment), and light-emitting objects 622C (corresponding to real light-emitting objects in the real environment). In this example, image representation 618 also includes a non-light emitting object 624 (corresponding to a real non-light-emitting object in the real environment).
User interface 614 of the image capture application also includes a first menu region 628A and a second menu region 628B. First menu region 628A includes a plurality of affordances associated with adjusting image effects and/or properties. Second menu region 628B includes a plurality of image capture mode options (e.g., photo mode, video mode, portrait mode, square mode, slow-motion mode). In
In
Further, in portrait mode, electronic device 600 applies a simulated depth effect (e.g., a Bokeh effect, a depth-of-field effect, with a default 4.5 f-number) to image representation 618 displayed in image display region 616. In some embodiments, the simulated depth effect is applied to the background of image representation 618, with subject 620 as the focal point. In some embodiments, the simulated depth effect is applied throughout image representation 618 based on a focal point within subject 620 (e.g., the center region of the face of subject 620, such as the nose of subject 620).
As shown in
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Depth adjustment slider 632 includes a plurality of tickmarks 634 corresponding to f-numbers and a needle 636 indicating the currently-selected tickmark (and thus the currently-selected f-number). Depth adjustment slider 632 also includes a f-number indicator 638 (e.g., located over or adjacent to needle 636) indicating the value of the currently-selected f-number. As previously mentioned, in some embodiments, the default f-number is 4.5. In some embodiments, in addition to displaying the current f-number in f-number indicator 638, electronic device 600 also displays the current f-number in depth effect affordance 630.
In
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As shown by f-number indicator 638 (and, in some embodiments, also by depth effect affordance 630), the current f-number (3.9) is decreased from the previous (default) f-number (4.5) as a result of swipe gesture 609. Light-emitting objects 622A, 622B, and 622C are more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape in
Additionally, the shape of each object is further distorted based on each object's distance from the focal point (e.g., the nose of subject 620) of image representation 618 (e.g., if image representation 618 is viewed as an x, y-plane with the focal point being the center of the plane, the distance is measured as the straight line distance from the center of an object to the center of the plane). For example, the degree of shape distortion of object 622B-1 is more drastic (e.g., such that the object is less circular and more oval/stretched) than the degree of shape distortion of object 622B-2. Similarly, the degree of shape distortion of object 622C-1 is more drastic (e.g., such that the object is less circular and more oval/stretched) than the degree of shape distortion of object 622C-2. As mentioned, the changes in the depth-of-field properties of objects within the image representation are described in greater detail below with reference to
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As shown by f-number indicator 638 (and, in some embodiments, also by depth effect affordance 630), the current f-number (1.6) is further decreased from the previous f-number (3.9) as a result of swipe gesture 611. Light-emitting objects 622A, 622B, and 622C are more blurred, larger, brighter, more saturated, and/or with a more distorted shape in
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In response to detecting activation 613 of image capture affordance 640, electronic device 600 stores (e.g., in a local memory of the device and/or a remote server accessible by the device) image data corresponding to image representation 618 with the simulated depth effect (with a 1.6 f-number) applied.
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As shown by f-number indicator 638, the current f-number (4.9) is increased from the previous (stored) f-number (1.6) as a result of swipe gesture 619. As such, light-emitting objects 652A, 652B, and 652C are less blurred, smaller, less bright, less saturated, and/or with a less distorted shape (and more “sharp”) in
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As shown by f-number indicator 638, the current f-number (8.7) is increased from the previous f-number (4.9) as a result of swipe gesture 621. As such, light-emitting objects 652A, 652B, and 652C are less blurred, smaller, less bright, less saturated, and/or with a less distorted shape (and sharper, and thus closer to its real shape without any image distortion) in
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In some examples, depth adjustment slider 698 can be adjusted via vertical swipe gestures such that tickmarks 699 are moved relative to an affixed needle 697. In some examples, depth adjustment slider 698 can be adjusted via vertical swipe gestures such that needle 697 is moved relative to affixed tickmarks 699.
In some examples, electronic device 690 also displays (e.g., in a region of user interface 694 adjacent to image representation 696, in a region of user interface 694 adjacent to image representation 696 and opposite from depth adjustment slider 698), a plurality of lighting settings 693 corresponding to various lighting/light filtering options that can be applied to image representation 696, and can be changed via vertical swipe gestures. In some examples, depth adjustment slider 698 and lighting settings 693 can concurrently be adjusted and the concurrent adjustments can simultaneously be reflected in image representation 696.
As described below, method 700 provides an intuitive way for managing user interfaces for simulated depth effects. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user for managing and navigating user interfaces for simulated depth effects, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to navigate user interfaces faster and more efficiently by providing easy management of user interfaces for simulating depth effects conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The electronic device (e.g., 600) displays (702), on the display (e.g., 602), a representation of image data (e.g., 618, a displayed image corresponding to the image data, a portrait image of a person/subject).
In some embodiments, the representation of image data (e.g., 618) is a live-feed image currently being captured by one or more cameras of the electronic device (e.g., 600). In some embodiments, the representation of image data (e.g., 648) is a previously-taken image stored in and retrieved from memory (of the electronic device or an external server). In some embodiments, the depth data of the image can be adjusted/manipulated to apply a depth effect to the representation of image data.
In some embodiments, the image data includes at least two components: an RGB component that encodes the visual characteristics of a captured image, and depth data that encodes information about the relative spacing relationship of elements within the captured image (e.g., the depth data encodes that a user is in the foreground, and background elements, such as a tree positioned behind the user, are in the background).
In some embodiments, the depth data is a depth map. In some embodiments, a depth map (e.g., depth map image) contains information (e.g., values) that relates to the distance of objects in a scene from a viewpoint (e.g., a camera). In one embodiment of a depth map, each depth pixel defines the position in the viewpoint's z-axis where its corresponding two-dimensional pixel is located. In some examples, a depth map is composed of pixels wherein each pixel is defined by a value (e.g., 0-255). For example, the “0” value represents pixels that are located at the most distant place in a “three dimensional” scene and the “255” value represents pixels that are located closest to a viewpoint (e.g., camera) in the “three dimensional” scene. In other examples, a depth map represents the distance between an object in a scene and the plane of the viewpoint. In some embodiments, the depth map includes information about the relative depth of various features of an object of interest in view of the depth camera (e.g., the relative depth of eyes, nose, mouth, ears of a user's face). In some embodiments, the depth map includes information that enables the device to determine contours of the object of interest in a z direction. In some embodiments, the depth data has a second depth component (e.g., a second portion of depth data that encodes a spatial position of the background in the camera display region; a plurality of depth pixels that form a discrete portion of the depth map, such as a background), separate from the first depth component, the second depth aspect including the representation of the background in the camera display region. In some embodiments, the first depth aspect and second depth aspect are used to determine a spatial relationship between the subject in the camera display region and the background in the camera display region. This spatial relationship can be used to distinguish the subject from the background. This distinction can be exploited to, for example, apply different visual effects (e.g., visual effects having a depth component) to the subject and background. In some embodiments, all areas of the image data that do not correspond to the first depth component (e.g., areas of the image data that are out of range of the depth camera) are adjusted based on different degrees of blurriness/sharpness, size, brightness, saturation, and/or shape-distortion in order to simulate a depth effect, such as a Bokeh effect.
In some embodiments, displaying, on the display, the representation of image data further comprises, in accordance with a determination that the representation of image data corresponds to stored image data (e.g., that of a stored/saved image or a previously-captured image), displaying the representation of image data with a prior simulated depth effect as previously modified by a prior first value for the simulated depth effect. In some embodiments, the representation of image data (e.g., 648) corresponds to stored image data when a camera/image application for displaying representations of image data is in an edit mode (e.g., a mode for editing existing/previously-captured images or photos). In some embodiments, if the representation of image data corresponds to stored image data with a prior simulated depth effect, the electronic device (e.g., 600) automatically displayed the adjustable slider upon (e.g., concurrently with) displaying the representation of image data (e.g., within a camera/image application). Thus, in some embodiments, the adjustable slider (e.g., 632) is displayed with the representation of image data without the first input. In some embodiments, whether the adjustable slider is automatically displayed upon displaying the representation of image data (if the image data is already associated with a prior simulated depth effect) depends on the type of the electronic device (e.g., whether the electronic device is a smartphone, a smartwatch, a laptop computer, or a desktop computer).
While displaying the representation of image data (e.g., 618, 648) with a simulated depth effect (e.g., a depth effect, such as a Bokeh effect, that is applied to the representation based on a manipulation of the underlying data to artificially generate the effect) as modified by a first value of a plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, the electronic device (e.g., 600) detects (706), via the one or more input devices, a first input (e.g., 605, 607, an activation of an affordance displayed on the display, a gesture, such as a slide-up gesture on the image, detected via the touch-sensitive surface of the display).
In some embodiments, while displaying, on the display (e.g., 602), the representation of image data (e.g., 618, 648), the electronic device (e.g., 600) displays (704), on the display (e.g., in an affordances region (e.g., 628A) corresponding to different types of effects that can be applied to the representation of image data), a simulated depth effect adjustment affordance (e.g., 630), wherein the first input is an activation (e.g., 605, a tap gesture) of the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance. In some embodiments, the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance includes a symbol indicating that the affordance relates to depth effects, such as a f-number symbol. Displaying the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance while displaying the representation of image data and including a symbol indicating that the affordance relates to depth effects improves visual feedback by enabling a user to quickly and easily recognize that adjustments to depth-of-field properties can be made to the representation of image data. Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments, the simulated depth effect is “simulated” in that the effect is (artificially) generated based on a manipulation of the underlying image data to create and apply the effect to the corresponding representation of image data (e.g., 618, 648) (e.g., as opposed to being a “natural” effect that is based on underlying data as originally captured via one or more cameras).
In some embodiments, prior to detecting the first input (e.g., 605, 607), the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance (e.g., 630) is displayed with a first visual characteristic (e.g., a particular color indicating that the affordance is not currently selected, such as a default color or a white color). In some embodiments, after detecting the first input, the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance is displayed with a second visual characteristic (e.g., a particular color indicating that the affordance is currently selected, such as a highlight color or a yellow color) different from the first visual characteristic. Changing a visual characteristic of the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance improves visual feedback by enabling the user to quickly and easily recognize that the simulated depth effect feature is active. Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments, displaying the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance (e.g., 630) comprises, in accordance with a determination that the currently-selected depth effect value corresponds to a default depth effect value (e.g., a default f-number value determined/set by the electronic device), forgoing displaying, in the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance, the currently-selected depth effect value. In some embodiments, the default depth effect value is a 4.5 f-number. In some embodiments, displaying the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance comprises, in accordance with a determination that the currently-selected depth effect value corresponds to a non-default depth effect value (e.g., any f-number value within a range of available f-number values that does not correspond to the default f-number value), displaying, in the simulated depth effect adjustment affordance (e.g., adjacent to a f-number symbol), the currently-selected depth effect value.
In some embodiments, prior to detecting the first input (e.g., 605, 607), the electronic device (e.g., 600) displays, on the display (e.g., 602), one or more mode selector affordances (e.g., a region with one or more affordances for changing a camera-related operation mode of the electronic device, such as a camera mode selector affordance), wherein displaying the adjustable slider (e.g., 632) comprises replacing display of the one or more mode selector affordances with the adjustable slider. Replacing display of the one or more mode selector affordances with the adjustable slider improves visual feedback and enabling the user to quickly and easily recognize that the device is now in a depth effect adjustment mode. Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments, prior to detecting the first input, the electronic device (e.g., 600) displays, on the display (e.g., 602), a zoom control element (e.g., a region with one or more affordances for changing a zoom level of the camera), wherein displaying the adjustable slider (e.g., 632) comprises replacing display of the zoom control element.
In some embodiments, the first input (e.g., 607) is a swipe gesture in a first direction in a first portion of the user interface (e.g., 614, a swipe-up gesture on the touch-sensitive surface of the display). In some embodiments, the swipe gesture is a swipe-up gesture on a region of the display corresponding to the representation of image data. In some embodiments, the swipe gesture is a swipe-up gesture on a region of the display corresponding to a bottom edge of the representation image data (e.g., 618). In some embodiments, if the swipe is in a second direction, the adjustable slider is not displayed and, optionally, a different operation is performed (e.g., switching camera modes or performing a zoom operation). In some embodiments, if the swipe is in a second portion of the user interface, the adjustable slider is not displayed and, optionally, a different operation is performed. Providing additional control options (without cluttering the user interface with additional displayed controls) enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In response to detecting the first input (e.g., 605, 607), the electronic device (e.g., 600) displays (708), on the display (e.g., 602) (e.g., below the representation of image data, adjacent to the representation of image data), an adjustable slider (e.g., 632) (e.g., a horizontal or vertical slider comprising a plurality of tick marks and a needle) associated with manipulating the representation of image data (e.g., manipulating a depth effect of the representation of image data, a depth-of-field effect of the representation of image data). The adjustable slider includes (710) a plurality of option indicators (e.g., 634, represented as tick marks, gauge marks) corresponding to a plurality of the selectable values for the simulated depth effect (e.g., (simulated) depth-of-field, f-number/f-stop). In some embodiments, the plurality of option indicators are slidable (e.g., horizontally or vertically) within the adjustable slider. The adjustable slider also includes (712) a selection indicator (e.g., 636, represented as a needle) indicating that the first value is a currently-selected simulated depth effect value.
In some embodiments, the position of the selection indicator (e.g., 636, needle) is fixed and the plurality of option indicators (e.g., 634, tickmarks) are adjustable within the slider (e.g., 632) such that the plurality of option indicators are moved relative to the selection indicator to adjust the currently-selected depth-of-field value. In some embodiments, only a subset of all of the available option indicators are concurrently displayed within the slider-option indicators that are not displayed are displayed within the slider in response to an adjustment of the slider (e.g., a user input moving the option indicators in a horizontal or vertical direction).
In some embodiments, the plurality of option indicators (e.g., 634) are fixed and the position of the selection indicator (e.g., 636) is adjustable within the slider such that the selection indicator is moved relative to the plurality of option indicators to adjust the currently-selected depth-of-field value.
In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first input (e.g., 605, 607), the electronic device (e.g., 600) slides (714) (e.g., vertically, sliding up by a predetermined amount) the representation of image data (e.g., 618) on the display (e.g., 602) to display (e.g., reveal) the adjustable slider (e.g., 632) (e.g., sliding the representation of the image data in a direction corresponding to a direction of a swipe input).
While displaying the adjustable slider (e.g., 632), the electronic device (e.g., 600) detects (716) via the one or more input devices, an input directed to the adjustable slider.
In some embodiments, the input (e.g., 609, 611, 619, 621) directed to the adjustable slider (e.g., 632) is a (horizontal) swipe gesture (e.g., a swipe-left gesture or a swipe-right gesture) on the adjustable slider, wherein the swipe gesture includes a user movement (e.g., using a finger) in a first direction having at least a first velocity (greater than a threshold velocity) at an end of the swipe gesture (e.g., a velocity of movement of a contact performing the swipe gesture at or near when the contact is lifted-off from the touch-sensitive surface).
In response to detecting (718) the input (e.g., 609, 611, 619, 621) directed to the adjustable slider (e.g., 632) (e.g., a tap or swipe at a location corresponding to the adjustable slider), the electronic device (e.g., 600) moves (720) the adjustable slider to indicate that a second value, of the plurality of selectable values for the simulated depth effect, is the currently-selected simulated depth effect value.
In response to detecting (718) the input directed to the adjustable slider (e.g., a tap or swipe at a location corresponding to the adjustable slider), the electronic device (e.g., 600) changes (722) an appearance of the representation of image data (e.g., 618, 648) in accordance with the simulated depth effect as modified by the second value. Changing an appearance of the representation of image data in response to detecting the input directed to the adjustable slider improves visual feedback by enabling the user to quickly and easily view changes to the representation of image data that is caused by the user's input. Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments, moving the adjustable slider (e.g., 632) comprises moving the plurality of option indicators (e.g., 634, represented as tick marks) while the selection indicator (e.g., 636, represented as a needle) remains fixed. Thus, in some embodiments, moving the adjustable slider comprises sliding the plurality of tick marks corresponding to f-values while the needle stays fixed in the same location within the slider. In some embodiments, moving the adjustable slider comprises moving the selection indicator (e.g., represented as a needle) while the plurality of option indicators remain fixed (e.g., represented as tick marks). Thus, in some embodiments, moving the adjustable slider comprises sliding the needle back and forth over the plurality of tick marks corresponding to f-values while the tick marks stay fixed in the same location within the slider.
In some embodiments, while moving the adjustable slider (e.g., 632) (e.g., by moving the plurality of option indicators relative to a fixed selection indicator, or by moving the selection indicator relative to fixed option indicators), the electronic device (e.g., 600) generates (724) (e.g., via one or more tactile output generators and/or one or more speakers of the electronic device) a first type of output (e.g., tactile output, audio output) in sync with the movement of the adjustable slider as different values are selected for a parameter controlled by the adjustable slider. In some embodiments, the electronic device generates a discrete output (e.g., a discrete tactile output, a discrete audio output) each time the selection indicator aligns with or passes an option indicator of the plurality of option indicators. Generating a first type of output (e.g., tactile output, audio output) in sync with the movement of the adjustable slider as different values are selected for a parameter controlled by the adjustable slider improves feedback by providing a coordinated response to the user's input. Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments, while moving the adjustable slider (e.g., 632), in accordance with a determination that the representation of image data (e.g., 618, 648) corresponds to stored image data (e.g., that of a stored/saved image or a previously-captured image), the first type of output includes (726) audio output (e.g., generated via one or more speakers of the electronic device and/or generated via one or more tactile output generators of the electronic device). In some embodiments, while moving the adjustable slider, in accordance with a determination that the representation of image data corresponds to a live preview of image data being captured by the one or more cameras, the first type of output does not include (728) audio output (e.g., generated via one or more speakers of the electronic device and/or generated via one or more tactile output generators of the electronic device). In some embodiments, the representation of image data corresponds to stored image data when a camera/image application for displaying representations of image data is in an edit mode (e.g., a mode for editing existing/previously-captured images or photos).
Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method 700 (e.g.,
Electronic device 600 also displays, in image display region 806, an image representation 808 of image data captured via rear-facing camera 608. In this example, image representation 808 does not include a subject (e.g., a person), as a subject is not within the field-of-view of rear-facing camera 608.
In portrait mode, electronic device 600 displays, in image representation 808, subject markers 812 indicating that a subject need to be placed within the general region of image representation 808 occupied by the markers to properly enable portrait mode. Because a subject is not currently detected, electronic device 600 displays (e.g., in a top portion of image display region 806), a message 814 requesting that a subject be placed in the environment corresponding to the region of image representation 808 occupied by subject markers 812.
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In some embodiments, if a subject is detected but is too far away from electronic device 600 (e.g., more than a predefined distance away from the device, such as more than 10 feet away from the device) to fully enable portrait mode, electronic device 600 displays a notification indicating that the subject be placed closer to the device. In some embodiments, if a subject is detected but is too close to electronic device 600 (e.g., less than a predefined distance away from the device, such as closer than 1 foot from the device) to fully enable portrait mode, electronic device 600 displays a notification indicating that the subject be placed farther away from the device.
Upon detecting subject 816 within the general region of image representation 808 indicated by subject markers 812, electronic device 600 activates portrait mode. Upon activation of portrait mode, electronic device 600 adjusts image representation 812 by applying, based on a focal point within image representation 808 (e.g. the nose of subject 816), a simulated depth effect (e.g., a Bokeh effect, the simulated depth effect described above with respect to image representation 618) to objects within image representation 808 with the default f-number (e.g., 4.5). In this example, image representation 808 includes light-emitting objects 818A, 818B, 818C, and 818D and non-light-emitting objects 820A and 820B. In some embodiments, the simulated depth effect is also applied to portions of subject 816 that do not correspond to the focal point (e.g., portions of subject 816 other than the nose of the subject).
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Further, the degree of distortion (e.g., the degree of blurriness, the size, the degree of brightness, the degree of saturation, and/or the degree of distortion in the shape of the object relative to the focal point) of the objects differs based on the distance of each object to the focal point of image representation 808 (e.g., the nose of subject 816). Specifically, if each depth pixel (e.g., comprising a particular object) in image representation 808 defines the position in the viewpoint's z-axis where its corresponding two-dimensional pixel is located, and each pixel is defined by a value (e.g., 0-255, where the “0” value represents pixels that are located at the most distant place in a “three dimensional” scene and the “255” value represents pixels that are located closest to a viewpoint (e.g., camera) in the “three dimensional” scene), then the degree of blurriness/sharpness, the size, the degree of brightness, the degree of saturation, and/or the degree of shape-distortion is dependent upon the distance in the z-axis direction (the value between 0-255). That is, the more distant depth pixels in an object are in the z-direction, the more “blurry” the object will appear in image representation 808, and closer depth pixels in an object are in the z-direction, the sharper the object will appear in image representation 808. Meanwhile, if image representation 808 is viewed as a two-dimensional x, y-plane with the focal point (e.g., the nose of subject 820) as the center (e.g., the origin) of the plane, the straight-line distance from the (x, y) point of the pixels constituting an object in image representation 808 to the center of the plane affects the degree of shape distortion of the object—the greater the distance of the pixels from the center (the focal point), the greater the degree of shape distortion, and the closer the distance of the pixels from the center, the more minimal the shape distortion.
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Further, the degree of distortion (e.g., the degree of blurriness, difference in size, the degree of brightness, the degree of saturation, and/or the degree of distortion in the shape of the object relative to the focal point) of the objects differs based on the type of the object-whether the object corresponds to a light-emitting object or a non-light-emitting object. The resulting change in distortion is generally greater for light-emitting objects than for non-light-emitting objects for the same adjustment in depth-of-field.
In some embodiments, the depth-of-field characteristic of the objects are adjusted continuously as depth adjustment slider 822 is navigated (e.g., from 4.5 in
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As already discussed above, the degree of distortion (e.g., the degree of blurriness, the difference in size, the degree of brightness, the degree of saturation, the degree of distortion in the shape of the object relative to the focal point) of the objects differs based on the distance of each object to the focal point of image representation 808 (e.g., the nose of subject 816). Thus, for example, in
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As described below, method 900 provides an intuitive way for managing user interfaces for simulated depth effects. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user for managing and navigating user interfaces for simulated depth effects, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to navigate user interfaces faster and more efficiently by providing easy management of user interfaces for simulating depth effects conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
The electronic device (e.g., 600) receives (902), via the one or more input devices, a request to apply a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data (e.g., 808, a displayed image corresponding to the image data, a portrait image of a person/subject), wherein depth data for a subject within the representation of image data is available.
In some embodiments, the representation of image data (e.g., 808) is a live-feed image currently being captured by one or more cameras of the electronic device. In some embodiments, the representation of image data is a previously-taken image stored in and retrieved from memory (of the electronic device or an external server). In some embodiments, the depth data of the image can be adjusted/manipulated to apply a depth effect to the representation of image data.
In some embodiments, the image data includes at least two components: an RGB component that encodes the visual characteristics of a captured image, and depth data that encodes information about the relative spacing relationship of elements within the captured image (e.g., the depth data encodes that a user is in the foreground, and background elements, such as a tree positioned behind the user, are in the background).
In some embodiments, the depth data is a depth map. In some embodiments, a depth map (e.g., depth map image) contains information (e.g., values) that relates to the distance of objects in a scene from a viewpoint (e.g., a camera). In one embodiment of a depth map, each depth pixel defines the position in the viewpoint's z-axis where its corresponding two-dimensional pixel is located. In some examples, a depth map is composed of pixels wherein each pixel is defined by a value (e.g., 0-255). For example, the “0” value represents pixels that are located at the most distant place in a “three dimensional” scene and the “255” value represents pixels that are located closest to a viewpoint (e.g., camera) in the “three dimensional” scene. In other examples, a depth map represents the distance between an object in a scene and the plane of the viewpoint. In some embodiments, the depth map includes information about the relative depth of various features of an object of interest in view of the depth camera (e.g., the relative depth of eyes, nose, mouth, ears of a user's face). In some embodiments, the depth map includes information that enables the device to determine contours of the object of interest in a z direction. In some embodiments, the depth data has a second depth component (e.g., a second portion of depth data that encodes a spatial position of the background in the camera display region; a plurality of depth pixels that form a discrete portion of the depth map, such as a background), separate from the first depth component, the second depth aspect including the representation of the background in the camera display region. In some embodiments, the first depth aspect and second depth aspect are used to determine a spatial relationship between the subject in the camera display region and the background in the camera display region. This spatial relationship can be used to distinguish the subject from the background. This distinction can be exploited to, for example, apply different visual effects (e.g., visual effects having a depth component) to the subject and background. In some embodiments, all areas of the image data that do not correspond to the first depth component (e.g., areas of the image data that are out of range of the depth camera) are adjusted based on different degrees of blurriness/sharpness, the size, the degree of brightness, the degree of saturation, and/or the degree of shape-distortion in order to simulate a depth effect, such as a Bokeh effect.
In some embodiments, the request corresponds to an adjustment (e.g., a sliding gesture in a horizontal or vertical direction) of an adjustable slider (e.g., 822) associated with modifying/adjusting the simulated depth effect applied to/being applied to the representation of image data (e.g., 808). Applying a simulated depth effect to a representation of image data using an adjustable slider enhances visual feedback by enabling the user to quickly and easily view adjustments being made by the user. Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments, the simulated depth effect is “simulated” in that the effect is (artificially) generated based on a manipulation of the underlying image data to create and apply the effect to the corresponding representation of image data (e.g., 808) (e.g., as opposed to being a “natural” effect that is based on underlying data as originally captured via one or more cameras).
In some embodiments, receiving, via the one or more input devices, the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data (e.g., 808) comprises detecting, via the one or more input devices, one or more inputs selecting a value of an image distortion parameter, wherein distorting (a portion of) the representation of image data is based on (and is responsive to) one or more user inputs selecting a value of an image distortion parameter (e.g., via a movement of the adjustable slider for controlling the parameter). In some embodiments, the adjustable slider is adjusted to distort (e.g., apply a simulated depth effect to) the representation of image data, as described above with reference to
In some embodiments, selecting a different value for the image distortion parameter causes a first change to the first portion of the representation of the image data and causes a second change to the second portion of the representation of the image data, wherein the first change is different from the second change and the first change and the second change both include the same type of change (e.g., an increase or decrease in blurriness, size, brightness, saturation, and/or shape-distortion).
In response to receiving (904) the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data (e.g., 808), the electronic device (e.g., 600) displays, on the display (e.g., 602), the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect. Displaying the representation of image data with the simulated depth effect in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data enables a user to quickly and easily view and respond to the adjustments being made to the representation of image data. Providing convenient control options and reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
Displaying, on the display (e.g., 602), the representation of image data (e.g., 808) with the simulated depth effect includes distorting (906) a first portion of the representation of image data that has a first depth in a first manner (e.g., a first particular blurriness/sharpness, a first particular size, a first particular brightness, a first particular saturation, and/or a first particular shape), wherein the first manner is determined based on a distance of the first portion from a predefined portion of the representation of image data (e.g., a center of a field of view of a camera or a point of focus of the camera). Enabling a user to adjust a representation of image data to apply an accurate simulated depth effect enhances user convenience/efficiency and operability and versatility of the device by allowing the user create a similar image/photo to what the user would have otherwise only been able to obtain using a larger and/or more expensive piece of hardware (e.g., a professional-level camera). That is, the simulated depth effect (a software effect) enables the user to utilize a device that is relatively smaller and less expensive to apply a depth effect to an image/photo (e.g., as opposed to if the user was using a camera sensor and lens included in/attached to the device that is capable of producing the depth effect via optical distortion). This is turn enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
Displaying, on the display (e.g., 602), the representation of image data (e.g., 808) with the simulated depth effect also includes distorting a second portion of the representation of image data that has the first depth in a second manner (e.g., a second particular blurriness/sharpness, a second particular size, a second particular brightness, a second particular saturation, and/or a second particular shape) that is different from the first manner, wherein the second manner is determined based on a distance of the second portion from the predefined portion of the representation of image data. Enabling a user to adjust a representation of image data to apply an accurate simulated depth effect enhances user convenience/efficiency and operability and versatility of the device by allowing the user create a similar image/photo to what the user would have otherwise only been able to obtain using a larger and/or more expensive piece of hardware (e.g., a professional-level camera). That is, the simulated depth effect (a software effect) enables the user to utilize a device that is relatively smaller and less expensive to apply a depth effect to an image/photo (e.g., as opposed to if the user was using a camera sensor and lens included in/attached to the device that is capable of producing the depth effect via optical distortion). This is turn enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments, displaying, on the display (e.g., 602), the representation of image data (e.g., 808) with the simulated depth effect further includes distorting (910) a third portion of the representation of image data that is a same distance from the predefined portion as the first portion and has a second depth that is different from the first depth in the first manner with a magnitude (e.g., of blurriness/sharpness) determined based on the second depth (e.g., the depth of the third portion). Enabling a user to adjust a representation of image data to apply an accurate simulated depth effect enhances user convenience/efficiency and operability and versatility of the device by allowing the user create a similar image/photo to what the user would have otherwise only been able to obtain using a larger and/or more expensive piece of hardware (e.g., a professional-level camera). That is, the simulated depth effect (a software effect) enables the user to utilize a device that is relatively smaller and less expensive to apply a depth effect to an image/photo (e.g., as opposed to if the user was using a camera sensor and lens included in/attached to the device that is capable of producing the depth effect via optical distortion). This is turn enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments, displaying, on the display (e.g., 602), the representation of image data (e.g., 808) with the simulated depth effect further includes distorting (912) a fourth portion of the representation of image data that is a same distance from the predefined portion as the second portion and has the second depth in the second manner with a magnitude (e.g., of blurriness/sharpness) determined based on the second depth (e.g., the depth of the fourth portion). Enabling a user to adjust a representation of image data to apply an accurate simulated depth effect enhances user convenience/efficiency and operability and versatility of the device by allowing the user create a similar image/photo to what the user would have otherwise only been able to obtain using a larger and/or more expensive piece of hardware (e.g., a professional-level camera). That is, the simulated depth effect (a software effect) enables the user to utilize a device that is relatively smaller and less expensive to apply a depth effect to an image/photo (e.g., as opposed to if the user was using a camera sensor and lens included in/attached to the device that is capable of producing the depth effect via optical distortion). This is turn enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments, displaying, on the display (e.g., 602), the representation of image data (e.g., 808) with the simulated depth effect further includes distorting (914) one or more portions of the representation of image data, that is a same distance from the predefined portion (e.g., a reference point or focus point within the representation of image data) as the first portion and has the first depth, in the first manner. Thus, in some embodiments, portion of the representation of image data that have the same depth and are the same distance away from the predefined portion of the representation of image data are distorted in the same way. Enabling a user to adjust a representation of image data to apply an accurate simulated depth effect enhances user convenience/efficiency and operability and versatility of the device by allowing the user create a similar image/photo to what the user would have otherwise only been able to obtain using a larger and/or more expensive piece of hardware (e.g., a professional-level camera). That is, the simulated depth effect (a software effect) enables the user to utilize a device that is relatively smaller and less expensive to apply a depth effect to an image/photo (e.g., as opposed to if the user was using a camera sensor and lens included in/attached to the device that is capable of producing the depth effect via optical distortion). This is turn enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments, distorting the first portion of the representation of image data (e.g., 808) in the first manner comprises distorting the first portion based on (e.g., by applying) a first distortion shape (e.g., a circular shape or a lemon/oval-type shape). In some embodiments, distorting the second portion of the representation of image data in the second manner comprises distorting the second portion based on (e.g., by applying) a second distortion shape (e.g., a more circular shape or a more lemon/oval-type shape) different from the first distortion shape. In some embodiments, if the second portion is at a greater distance (farther) from the predefined portion than the first portion, one or more objects (e.g., light-emitting objects) within the second portion are shape-distorted to a more lemon/oval shape than one or more objects (e.g., light-emitting objects) within the first portion.
In some embodiments, distorting the first portion of the representation of image data (e.g., 808) in the first manner comprises distorting the first portion by a first degree of distortion (e.g., a degree of distortion of a shape of one or more objects within the first portion). In some embodiments, distorting the second portion of the representation of image data in the second manner comprises distorting the second portion by second degree of distortion (e.g., a degree of distortion of a shape of one or more objects within the second portion) that is greater than the first degree of distortion, wherein the second portion is at a greater distance (farther) from the predefined portion (e.g., a reference point or focus point within the representation of image data) than the first portion. In some embodiments, objects in the periphery of the representation of image data are distorted to be more lemon/oval in shape, whereas objects closer to the predefined portion (e.g., a center portion, a focus portion) are less distorted. In some embodiments, the degree of distortion changes (e.g., increases or decreases) gradually as the distance from the predefined portion of the changes.
In some embodiments, distorting the first portion in the first manner comprises blurring (e.g., asymmetrically blurring/changing the sharpness of) the first portion by a first magnitude. In some embodiments, distorting the first portion in the first manner comprises distorting the second portion in the second manner comprises blurring (e.g., asymmetrically blurring/changing the sharpness of) the second portion by a second magnitude. In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the first portion is a greater distance from the predefined portion than the second distance is from the predefined portion (e.g., a reference point or focus point within the representation of image data), the first magnitude is greater than the second magnitude. In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the second portion is a greater distance from the predefined portion than the first portion is from the predefined portion, the second magnitude is greater than the first magnitude.
In some embodiments, prior to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data (e.g., 808), the electronic device (e.g., 600) displays, on the display (e.g., 602), the representation of image data. In some embodiments, while displaying the representation of image data, the electronic device (e.g., 600) detects, using the image data (e.g., via an analysis of the image data and/or based on a user input identifying that the region of the representation of image data includes a subject, such as a tap input in a live preview of camera data), a presence of the subject (e.g., a person, at least a portion of the person, such as the face of a person or a face and upper body of a person) within the representation of image data.
In some embodiments, displaying, on the display (e.g., 602), the representation of image data (e.g., 808) with the simulated depth effect further comprises distorting the first portion of the image and the second portion of the image without distorting (916) a portion of the representation of image data corresponding to (a center portion/region of) the subject. In some embodiments, the portion of the representation of image data corresponding to the subject is distorted less than the first portion of the image and the second portion of the image.
In some embodiments, distorting the first portion of the representation of image data includes distorting the first portion in accordance with a determination that the first portion does not correspond to (a center portion/region of) the subject. In some embodiments, distorting the second portion of the representation of image data includes distorting the second portion in accordance with a determination that the second portion does not correspond to (a center portion/region of) the subject.
In some embodiments, in response to receiving the request to apply the simulated depth effect to the representation of image data (e.g., 808), the electronic device (e.g., 600) identifies (918), based on the image data (e.g., via an analysis of the image data), one or more objects within the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects (e.g., 818A, 818B, 818C, 818D) (e.g., as opposed to those that are not associated with light-emitting objects).
In some embodiments, displaying, on the display (e.g., 602), the representation of image data (e.g., 808) with the simulated depth effect further comprises changing (920) an appearance of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with (e.g., are identified as) light-emitting objects (e.g., 818A, 818B, 818C, 818D) in a third manner relative to one or more portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with (e.g., are not identified as) light-emitting objects (e.g., 820A, 820B). In some embodiments, the third manner involves blurring/sharpening the objects by a greater magnitude compared to the fourth manner. In some embodiments, the third manner involves distorting the shape of the objects by a greater degree compared to the fourth manner.
In some embodiments, changing the appearance of objects in the representation of image data (e.g., 808) that are associated with light-emitting objects (e.g., 818A, 818B, 818C, 818D) in the third manner includes one or more of: increasing (922) a brightness of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects, increasing (924) a saturation of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects, and increasing (926) a size of the one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects (e.g., 820A, 820B).
In some embodiments, the electronic device (e.g., 600) detects (928), via the one or more input devices, one or more inputs changing a value of an image distortion parameter, wherein distorting (a portion of) the representation of image data (e.g., 808) is based on (and is responsive to) one or more user inputs selecting a value of an image distortion parameter (e.g., via a movement of the adjustable slider for controlling the parameter). In some embodiments, the adjustable slider (e.g., 822) is adjusted to distort (e.g., apply a simulated depth effect to) the representation of image data. In some embodiments, providing an adjustable slider to distort the representation of image data enables a user to quickly and easily provide one or more inputs to change a value of an image distortion parameter to distort the representation of image data. Providing additional control options and reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the one or more inputs (e.g., 803, 805) changing the value of the image distortion parameter, changing (930) the magnitude of change of the appearance of one or more portions of the representation of image data that are associated with light-emitting objects (e.g., 818A, 818B, 818C, 818D) relative to other portions of the representation of image data that are not associated with light-emitting objects (e.g., 820A, 820B) (e.g., gradually increasing a brightness, size, and/or saturation of the objects associated with light-emitting sources relative to other portions of the representation of data as the distortion parameter gradually increases (and the blurriness of regions of time image outside of the simulated focal plane gradually increases), and gradually decreasing a brightness, size, and/or saturation of the objects associated with light-emitting sources relative to other portions of the representation of data as the distortion parameter gradually decreases (and the blurriness of regions of time image outside of the simulated focal plane gradually decreases)).
Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method 900 (e.g.,
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In some embodiments, electronic device 600 displays notification 1014 after having previously detected the presence of the interference (e.g., from magnetic component 1012 of protective case 1010) in a predetermined number of instances (e.g., after having launched the image capture application and detected the interference for 3, 5, or 7 times). Thus, in some embodiments, if there were no previous instances of detection of the interference, electronic device 600 forgoes displaying notification 1014 upon launching the image capture application despite having detected the interference from magnetic component 1012 of protective case 1010.
In some embodiments, if notification 1014 has already previously been presented on the device, electronic device 600 displays a new notification 1014 after detecting the presence of the interference (e.g., from magnetic component 1012 of protective case 1010) in a greater number of instances than when notification 1014 was previously displayed. For example, if previous notification 1014 was displayed after having detected the interference upon 3 previous launches of the image capture application, electronic device 600 forgoes displaying new notification 1014 until having detected the interference in 5 previous launches of the image capture application.
In some embodiments, if notification 1014 has already been presented on the device a predetermined number of times, electronic device 600 forgoes presenting the notification despite subsequent instances of detection of the interference.
In some embodiments, in response to detecting an activation of affordance 1016, electronic device 600 changes a mode of one or more simulated image effects (e.g., including the simulated depth effect) such that one or more features of an image effect becomes unavailable or stripped down for use.
As described below, method 1100 provides an intuitive way for managing user interfaces for simulated depth effects. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user for managing and navigating user interfaces for simulated depth effects, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to navigate user interfaces faster and more efficiently by providing easy management of user interfaces for simulating depth effects conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
While displaying, on the display (e.g., 602), a user interface of a camera application (e.g., 1008), the electronic device (e.g., 600) detects (1102), via the one or more sensors, external interference (e.g., from 1012) that will impair operation of a respective function of the one or more cameras (e.g., 606, 608) (e.g., magnetic interference; an interference that affects one or more camera related functions of the electronic device (e.g., one or more depth effect-related functions)) (e.g., from an accessory attached to, affixed to, covering, or placed near the electronic device, such as a protective case of the device or an external attachment on the device). Automatically detecting the external interference that will impair operation of a respective function of the one or more cameras reduces the number of inputs required from the user to control the device by enabling the user to bypass having to manually check whether there are external interferences affecting one or more functionality of the device. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently. Further, automatically detecting the external interference that will impair operation of a respective function of the one or more cameras and notifying the user of the detection provides the user with the option to correct the issue while still allowing the device to continue to operate at a reduced level of operation. This in turn enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments, the respective function is (1104) a focus function of the one or more cameras (e.g., 606, 608) of the electronic device (e.g., 600).
In some embodiments, the interference is (1106) magnetic interference (e.g., from 1012).
In some embodiments, the interference is (1108) from (e.g., is caused by or is detected because of) an accessory (e.g., 1010) of the electronic device (e.g., 600) (e.g., a protective outer case or cover (e.g., a case or cover that incorporates a battery) for the electronic device, a magnetic sticker or attachment piece affixed to/attached to the electronic device).
In some embodiments, detecting the external interference (e.g. from 1012) that will impair the operation of the respective function of the one or more cameras (e.g., 606, 608) includes detecting the external interference upon displaying a user interface (e.g., 1008) for the camera application (e.g., in response to a user request to display a user interface for the camera application) on the electronic device. In some embodiments, the electronic device (e.g., 600) detects for the external interference that will impair the operation of the respective function of the one or more cameras only when the user interface for the camera application is displayed, and does not detect for the external interference after the user interface for the camera application has been displayed or when the user interface for the camera application is not displayed on the electronic device. Detecting for the external interference only when the user interface for the camera application is displayed, and not detecting for the external interference after the user interface for the camera application has been displayed or when the user interface for the camera application is not displayed reduces power consumption by detecting for the external interference when the functionality that may be affected by the external interference may be used on the device. Reducing power consumption enhances the operability of the device by improving the battery life of the device.
In response to detecting (1110) the interference (e.g., from 1012) external to the electronic device (e.g., 600), in accordance with a determination that a first criteria has been satisfied (e.g., including the current occurrence, at least a predetermined number of previous occurrences of the interference has been detected, such as occurrences detected when the camera application was previously launched on the electronic device), the electronic device displays (1112), on the display (e.g., 602), a notification (e.g., 1014) indicating that an operation mode (e.g., a depth effect mode) of the one or more cameras has been changed to reduce an impact of the external interference on the respective function of the one or more cameras (e.g., 606, 608). Displaying a notification indicating that an operation mode (e.g., a depth effect mode) of the one or more cameras has been changed to reduce an impact of the external interference on the respective function of the one or more cameras improves visual feedback by enabling the user to quickly and easily recognize that the device has changed an operation mode (e.g., a depth effect mode) of the one or more cameras to reduce an impact of the external interference. Providing improved visual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In response to detecting (1110) the interference external to the electronic device (e.g., 600), in accordance with a determination that the first criteria has not been satisfied (e.g., including the current occurrence, fewer than the predetermined number of previous occurrences of the interference has been detected), the electronic device (e.g., 600) forgoes displaying (1120), on the display (e.g., 602), the notification (e.g., 1014) indicating that the operation mode (e.g., a depth effect mode) of the one or more cameras (e.g., 606, 608) has been changed. Forgoing displaying the notification if fewer than the predetermined number of previous occurrences of the interference has been detected enhances improves device functionality by forgoing providing notifications for one-off events of interference detection (as opposed to persistent interference detection from, for example, an accessory of the device). Forgoing providing unnecessary notifications enhances user convenience and the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments, the first criteria includes (1114) a requirement that is met when a first predetermined amount (e.g., 5, 7, 11) of (discrete instances of) occurrences of detecting the external interference (e.g., from 1012) by the electronic device (e.g., 600). Thus, in some embodiments, the predetermined number of discrete detections of the external interface is required to trigger display of the notification. In some embodiments, a discrete occurrence of detection of the external interference occurs when the user attempts to use the camera application in a manner that would make use of the respective function of the one or more cameras and the device checks for external interference to determine whether the device is able to use the respective function of the one or more cameras and determines that the external interference is present. In some embodiments, the device checks for the external interference at predetermined intervals (e.g., once per hour, once per day, the first time each day that the camera application is used).
In some embodiments, the first predetermined number is (1116) dependent on (e.g., changes based on) the number of times the notification (e.g., 1014) has previously been displayed on the electronic device (e.g., 600). In some embodiments, the first predetermined number of detections of the external interface required to trigger the notification progressively increases based on the number of notifications that have already been displayed by the electronic device. For example, if a particular number (e.g., 3) of discrete detections of the external interference is required to trigger display of the first notification, a larger number (e.g., 5) of discrete detections of the external interference is required to trigger display of the second notification, and a yet greater number (e.g., 7 of discrete detections of the external interference is required to trigger display of the third notification. Progressively increasing the first predetermined number of detections of the external interface required to trigger the notification enhances user convenience by forgoing displaying the notification too frequently even when the user may already be aware of the interference (based on the previous notification) but is choosing to ignore the interference. Enhancing user convenience enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.
In some embodiments, displaying, on the display (e.g., 602), the notification (e.g., 1014) includes displaying the notification in accordance with a determination that less than a second predetermined number of the notifications has previously been displayed on the electronic device (e.g., 600). In some embodiments, if at least the second predetermined number of notifications has previously been displayed on the electronic device, the electronic device forgoes displaying the notification (regardless of whether the first criteria has been satisfied).
In some embodiments, the change (1118) to the operation mode of the one or more cameras to reduce the impact of the external interference (e.g., from 1012) on the respective function of the one or more cameras (e.g., 606, 608) includes reducing (or lower, diminishing) the responsiveness of one or more functions (e.g., simulated depth effect-related functions, optical image stabilization, autofocus, and/or operations that require precise movements of mechanical components that can be adversely affected by the presence of strong magnetic fields in the proximity of the mechanical components) of the one or more cameras (or disabling one or more of the functions altogether), wherein the one or more functions correspond to functions that cannot be reliably executed by the one or more cameras while the external interference is being detected by the electronic device.
Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method 1100 (e.g.,
The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the techniques and their practical applications. Others skilled in the art are thereby enabled to best utilize the techniques and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Although the disclosure and examples have been fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as being included within the scope of the disclosure and examples as defined by the claims.
As described above, one aspect of the present technology is the gathering and use of data available from various sources to improve the functionality and versatility of simulated image effect features that can be applied to live feed and/or stored photos and images. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathered data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, twitter IDs, home addresses, data or records relating to a user's health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other identifying or personal information.
The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to recognize a person or subject within a captured image or photo. Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables users to more easily recognize the content of a captured image or photo and to organize such captures images or photos. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For instance, health and fitness data may be used to provide insights into a user's general wellness, or may be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue wellness goals.
The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the US, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained for different personal data types in each country.
Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, in the case of detection and recognition of a person or subject within an image or photo, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services or anytime thereafter. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For instance, a user may be notified upon downloading an app that their personal information data will be accessed and then reminded again just before personal information data is accessed by the app.
Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user's privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data a city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods.
Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing such personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, images or photos can be organized based on non-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personal information or publicly available information, such as the date and time associated with the image or photo.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/729,926, entitled “USER INTERFACES FOR SIMULATED DEPTH EFFECTS,” filed Sep. 11, 2018, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200082599 A1 | Mar 2020 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62729926 | Sep 2018 | US |
