Patent Grant
10583747
This disclosure relates generally to automotive systems, and, more particularly, to battery systems for an electric vehicle.
Battery systems in electric vehicles are generally subjected to two types of loads. Normal operation of the vehicle, such as stopping and starting, accelerating, turning, and the like results in the application of nominal loads on the battery system. Many conventional battery mounting systems utilize rigid mounts, a rigid frame, or non-compliant straps. In these types of conventional battery mounting systems, the nominal loads are absorbed by nominal elastic deformations in the battery mounting system and the battery system itself. However, battery systems are also subjected to significantly higher shock loads, such as during extreme braking, vehicle malfunction, or an impact or crash. Such shock loads can overwhelm the elastic resiliency the mounts and straps of conventional mounting systems, whereby the battery system undergoes plastic deformation which can result in damage to the battery system, interruption in the operation of the vehicle, as well as significant safety risks.
Battery mounting systems have been developed that include a carriage or bay mounted on springs that damp shock loads acting on the battery system. However, such carriages are expensive to produce, install, and maintain, reduce access to the battery system, and add undesired weight and complexity to the vehicle.
Therefore, what is needed is a mounting system for mounting a battery system to an underside of an electric vehicle that sufficiently absorbs energy from shock loads without adding undesired weight, expense, or complexity to the electric vehicle.
A vehicle battery system includes a battery housing and a plurality of straps. The housing is configured to housing a battery, and includes a plurality of guides distributed along a first axis. Each of the guides extends at least partially about the battery housing along a second axis that is orthogonal to the first axis, and includes a first channel portion in the battery housing. Each first channel portion extends along a first side of the battery housing lying on a plane defined by the first axis and the second axis, and defines a wall portion perpendicular to the first axis. Each of the straps is associated with a respective one of the guides, and is configured to extend about the battery housing. Each strap includes a first end portion and a second end portion. Each of the first end portions and each of the second end portions is configured to be attached to a vehicle. Each of the straps is configured to deform in response to contact with the wall portion of the respective one of the guides, such that upon application of a shock load to the battery housing along a first axis, the plurality of straps deforms prior to deformation of the battery housing.
In some embodiments, the straps are further configured such that upon application of a shock load to the battery housing along the second axis, the plurality of straps deforms prior to deformation of the battery housing.
In some embodiments, the straps are further configured such that upon application of a shock load to the battery housing along a third axis orthogonal to the first axis and the second axis, the plurality of straps deforms prior to deformation of the battery housing.
In some embodiments, each of the guides further includes a second channel portion in the battery housing. The second channel portion extends along a second side of the battery housing that lies on a plane defined by the first axis and the third axis.
In some embodiments, each of the guides further includes a third channel portion in the battery housing. The third channel portion extends along a third side of the battery housing that lies parallel to the second side.
In some embodiments, the first end portions and the second end portions of the plurality of straps are configured to hold each of the plurality of straps in tension when attached to the vehicle.
In some embodiments, each of the straps defines a U-channel. The U-channel includes a base received in the first channel portion, and a pair of side portions respectively received in the second channel portion and the third channel portion.
In some embodiments, the U-channel has a C-channel cross section, at least in part. The C-channel cross section includes a pair of side portions that extend outwardly away from the battery housing and bear against the wall portion of the first channel portion, and a back portion that extends between the pair of side portions and supports the battery housing. The C-channel is configured to reinforce a stiffness of each strap along at least one axis.
In some embodiments, the straps are further configured to deform to absorb a shock load of at least 50 g's along at least one of the first axis, the second axis, and the third axis prior to deformation of the battery housing.
In some embodiments, the straps are further configured to deform to absorb a shock load of at least 50 g's along each of the first axis, the second axis, and the third axis prior to deformation of the battery housing.
In some embodiments, each of the first end portions and the second end portions defines a hole, and a respective connection member passes through the hole of each of the first end portions and the second end portions to attach the first end portions and second end portions to the vehicle.
In some embodiments, the respective connection member includes at least one of a bolt, a screw, a peg, a clip, and a hook.
In some embodiments, each of the first end portions and the second end portions is attached to an underside of the vehicle.
In some embodiments, the system is positioned at least partially within a recess in the underside of the vehicle.
In some embodiments, the system further includes a cover plate configured to cover a side of the battery housing facing away from the vehicle.
In some embodiments, the cover plate is attached to the underside of the vehicle and is unattached to the battery housing and the plurality of straps.
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the embodiments described herein, reference is now made to the drawings and descriptions in the following written specification. No limitation to the scope of the subject matter is intended by the references. This disclosure also includes any alterations and modifications to the illustrated embodiments and includes further applications of the principles of the described embodiments as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which this document pertains.
In the embodiment illustrated in
The battery housing 104 additionally includes a plurality of guides 128 for defining a position of the straps 108 relative to the battery housing 104, and for facilitating a transfer of forces between the straps 108 and the battery housing 104 as described in more detail below. Each of the plurality of guides 128 extends at least partially about the battery housing 104 along the second axis 114 and defines a wall portion 130 perpendicular to the first axis 112. Each of the plurality of straps 108 is associated with a respective one of the plurality of guides 128 such that each strap 108 is at least partially received in an associated one of the plurality of guides 128.
In the embodiment illustrated in
When the battery housing 104 of
The U-channel 134 has a C-channel cross section 142, at least in part, that includes a pair of side walls 144 that extend outwardly away from an inner side 146 of the U-channel 134, and a base wall 148 that extends between the pair of side walls 144 and that includes the inner side 146. The base wall 148 is configured to fit within at least the first channel region 132 of a corresponding guide 128 such that the side wall(s) 144 abut the wall portion 130 of the first channel region 132. The side wall(s) 144 are also configured to abut wall portions of second and third channel regions of the guide 128, when present.
The system 100 desirably holds the battery housing 104 in place during normal operation of the vehicle. In other words, the plurality of straps 108 is configured to elastically deform along with the battery housing 104 under the application of normal loads during normal operation of the vehicle 102.
The plurality of straps 108 is further configured such that, when each of the first end portions 122 and the second end portions 124 are connected to the vehicle 102, the straps 108 urge the battery housing 104 against the vehicle 102 and are held in tension by the connections between the vehicle 102 and the first end portions 122 and the second end portions 124 respectively.
In some embodiments, the connections between the vehicle 102 and the first end portions 122 and the second end portions 124 are adjustable to modify an amount of tension in the plurality of straps 108. For example, in an embodiment where screws are used to attach a first end portion 122 and second end portion 124 of a strap 108 to the vehicle 102, an amount of tension in the strap 108 is adjustable by tightening or loosening the screw. Tension in the plurality of straps 108 causes the battery housing 104 to be held in compression against the vehicle 102. This ensures that the vehicle 102 and plurality of straps 108 elastically support the battery housing 104 during normal operation of the vehicle. Tension in the straps 108 also affects the deformation behavior in the straps 108 by decreasing an amount of energy needed to cause the straps 108 to yield beyond elastic deformation and being to plastically deform, as described in further detail below.
Desirably, the straps 108 are configured to elastically deform when acted on by normal loads during normal operation of the vehicle, and are further configured to plastically deform when acted on by shock loads. When acted on by a load, an element deforms based on the stiffness of the element and the magnitude of the load. The deformation results from the stress applied to the element and, for continuous elements, is described by Hooke's Law:
σi=E·ϵi
where σ is the stress caused by an applied load, ϵ is the strain, or deformation experienced by the element, E is the elastic modulus of the element corresponding to the stiffness or elasticity of the element, and i is the direction of the acting load and of the deformation ϵ. The stress σ is equal to the force F acting in the direction i divided by the cross-sectional area A viewed along the direction i. The force F is defined by
F=m·a
where m is the mass of the element, and a is the acceleration experienced by the element, for example due to acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle 102. Because different battery housings 104 can have a wide variety of different masses, loads acting on the system 100 can be expressed in terms of acceleration where, for example, a shock load is equal to at least 50 g's, or about 490 m/s2. Thus, the normal acceleration loads experienced during normal operation of the vehicle result in lower stresses, and higher acceleration loads of a shock load result in higher stresses.
The battery system 104 generally has a larger area A than the plurality of straps 108 along any direction, but also generally has a larger mass than the plurality of straps 108. Because the difference in mass is generally larger than the difference in area, the battery housing 104 generally experiences more stress σ than the plurality of straps 108 given a particular acceleration a.
The higher the stress σ acting on an element, the larger the deformation ϵ experienced by that element. This means that, all other factors being equal, because the mass of the battery housing 104 is generally larger than the mass of the plurality of straps 108, the stress in the battery housing 104 will be higher than the stress in the straps 108.
When an applied load is large enough to overcome the elasticity of a material, the material beings to irreversibly plastically deform. Each material has a yield strength, generally defined as an amount of stress which a material can absorb via elastic deformation without plastically deforming. When the stress σ due to the applied load exceeds the yield strength of the material, the material will plastically deform.
The straps 108 are desirably configured to plastically deform prior to plastic deformation of the battery housing 104 in order to protect the battery housing 104 from damage. Because the same acceleration load a is applied to both the straps 108 and the battery housing 104, characteristics of the straps 108 are selected to allow the straps 108 to plastically deform prior to the battery housing 104 when acted on by shock loads along at least one of the first axis 112, the second axis 114, and the third axis 120. In particular, the plurality of the straps 108 is configured to plastically deform under application of a shock load of at least 50 g's along each of the first axis 112, the second axis 114, and the third axis 120 prior to deformation of the battery housing 104.
One adjustable characteristic of the plurality of the straps 108 is the yield strength, which is determined by the properties of the materials selected to form the straps 108. In other words, material(s) can be selected to form the straps 108 that have a lower yield strength such that the stress needed to cause the straps 108 to yield is less than the heightened stress in the battery housing 104 due to its high mass.
Another characteristic of the straps 108 that can be adjusted is the cross-sectional area of the straps 108. As discussed above, the yield strength of a material is expressed in terms of stress, i.e. force per area. Therefore, modifying the thickness of the straps 108 modifies the area distributing the stress. This in turn affects the amount of force, and thus the acceleration load, that can be withstood by the straps 108 before the yield strength is reached. However, changing the thickness of the straps 108 affects the cross-sectional area of the straps 108 along all axes. Additionally, if the straps 108 are too thin, they will fail to support the battery housing 104 during normal operation of the vehicle 102. Further, thickening the straps 108 undesirably increases the weight and cost of the straps 108.
By modifying the shape of the cross section of the straps 108, the cross-sectional area of the straps 108 along a particular axis can be adjusted. The C-channel cross section 142 illustrated in
The side wall(s) 144, as described above, are also configured to abut the wall portion 130 of the first channel region 132. This facilitates a transfer of loads between the plurality of straps 108 and the battery housing 104 which allows the plurality of straps 108 to support the battery housing 104 when acted on by a load on at least the first axis 112. When the load is in the elastic range, the side wall(s) 144 ensure that the plurality of straps 108 and the battery housing 104 move and elastically deform together. When the load is in the plastic range, the side wall(s) 144 ensure that the load acting on the battery housing 104 is transferred to the plurality of straps 108.
The stiffness of the plurality of straps 108 can also be adjusted by modifying the number of straps 108 in the system 100. Because each strap 108 is attached to the vehicle 102 independently from the other straps 108, the straps 108 act in parallel, and thus the stress σ acting on the plurality of straps 108 as a whole is defined by the total force of the applied load divided by the net sum of the cross-sectional areas of all of the straps 108 when viewed in the acting direction of the load i. Therefore, increasing the number of straps 108 increases the force that can be absorbed by the plurality of straps 108 before the yield strength is reached, and decreasing the number of straps 108 decreases the force that can be absorbed by the plurality of straps 108 before the yield strength is reached.
Another characteristic that can be adjusted is the tension of the straps 108. As discussed above, the connections between the first ends 122 and the second ends 124 of the straps 108 and the vehicle 102 can be tightened or loosened in order to adjust an amount of tension in the straps 108. Tension corresponds to an internal stress. Thus, the pre-tension in the straps 108 due to the connections between the straps 108 and the vehicle pre-stresses the straps 108, and reduces the amount of additional stress that the straps 108 can withstand before yielding.
Thus, the plurality of straps 108 can be configured to plastically deform under application of a shock load of at least 50 g's prior to plastic deformation of the battery housing by selecting the thickness of the straps 108, the number of straps 108 in the system, the cross section of the straps 108, the pre-tensioning of the straps, and by selecting material with different yield strengths to form the straps 108. Of course, the design shock load for the straps 108 will vary depending on the configuration (including materials, mass, and structure) of the battery housing 104. These characteristics can also be optimized to minimize a cost and weight of the plurality of straps 108.
Adjusting the tension of the straps 108 also facilitates the transfer of load between the straps 108 and the battery housing 104 along the second axis 114, i.e. between the region of the base portions 138 of the straps 108 abutting the lateral faces 114 and 116 of the battery housing 104. When the straps 108 are held in tension, the regions of the straps 108 abutting the battery housing 104 are urged against the battery housing 104. Similarly, adjusting the tension facilitates the transfer of load between the regions of the base portions 138 of the straps 108 abutting the bottom face 110 of the battery housing.
In a preferred embodiment, the battery housing 104 is mounted to an underside of the vehicle 102 by connecting the first end portions 122 and the second end portion 124 of the straps 108 to connection points on the underside 106 of the vehicle 102. In order to protect the system 100 from inadvertent impacts with, for example, debris on a roadway beneath the vehicle 102 or other obstructions, the connection points on the underside 106 of the vehicle 102 may be recessed from the underside 106 of the vehicle 102 away from the roadway such that the system 100 is at least partially received in a recess on the underside 106 of the vehicle 102. In one embodiment, the system 100 further includes a cover plate (not shown) attached to the vehicle 102 such that the battery housing 104 and the plurality of straps 108 are enclosed by the cover plate and the vehicle 102.
Advantageously, the straps 108 can be formed from a stamping or rolling process such that a material of uniform thickness can be utilized and shaped as desired. In an exemplary embodiment, a strap 108 is approximately ¼ inch thick along the third axis 120, approximately 2 inches wide along the second axis 114, and approximately 6 feet long along the first axis 112, although other lengths, widths, and thicknesses are contemplated, such as to account for battery housings of different weights and sizes.
In a further embodiment, a damper member (not shown) such as a rubber footing is positioned between at least one of (i) the end portions 122 and 124 (ii) the battery housing 104, and (iii) the underside 106 of the vehicle 102. In another embodiment, a damper member (not shown) is positioned between the base portion 138 of the strap(s) 108 and the battery housing 104. The damper member is advantageously configured to damp forces resulting from a shock load and to cushion the battery housing 104 within the system 100. The damper member can be, for example, an elastic material such as rubber, a member that includes springs or that is configured to elastically deform, or the like.
Although the vehicle 102 illustrated in
In a further embodiment, rather than mounting the battery system to an underside of an electric vehicle, the battery mounting system restrains motion of a battery system positioned on top of a surface that forms the underbody of the vehicle. In this embodiment, the straps are held in tension to hold the battery system down on the surface. In one embodiment, the surface is comprised by an under-tray or a plate affixed to the structure of the vehicle.
It will be appreciated that variants of the above-described and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems, applications or methods. Various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art that are also intended to be encompassed by the disclosure.
This application is a 35 U.S.C. § 371 National Stage Application of PCT/US2015/046240, entitled “A VEHICLE BATTERY SYSTEM WITH A PLURALITY OF STRAPS” by Kotik et al., filed Aug. 21, 2015, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/040,474 entitled “STRAPS FOR RESTRAINING A BATTERY SYSTEM” by Kotik et al., filed Aug. 22, 2014, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2015/046240 | 8/21/2015 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016/029084 | 2/25/2016 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20050274556 | Chaney | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20120328925 | Choo | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130295437 | Kreutzer | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20140127552 | Lu | May 2014 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 103269941 | Aug 2013 | CN |
| 2013103635 | May 2013 | JP |
| 2013112160 | Jun 2013 | JP |
| 2014101009 | Jun 2014 | JP |
| 1020120075227 | Jul 2012 | KR |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report and Written Opinion corresponding to PCT Application No. PCT/US2015/046240, dated Nov. 27, 2015 (11 pages). |
| Search Report (English translation) from corresponding CN patent application No. 201580044975.7, dated Jun. 19, 2018 (2 pages). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20170267121 A1 | Sep 2017 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62040474 | Aug 2014 | US |
