Patent Grant
10900537
The present disclosure generally relates to vibration isolator assemblies and methods of manufacturing vibration isolator assemblies. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to vibration isolator assemblies manufactured using additive manufacturing techniques.
Many industrial, aerospace, and defense applications require components to be protected from environmental conditions such as vibration. One method of vibration protection is provided via the use of a vibration isolator positioned between the component sought to be protected and the condition causing the vibration. An exemplary class of vibration isolators known in the art includes those implementing Honeywell International Inc.'s D-Strut™ technology, which utilizes a three-parameter spring and damper system that is tuned to reduce system vibrations by incorporating hermetically sealed metallic bellows that are flexible and able to compensate for thermal contraction and/or expansions where rubber expansion joints will not work. An exemplary implementation for such vibration isolator assemblies is in the manufacture of gas turbine engines, wherein the vibration isolators are provided to isolate the aero-acoustic and rotor dynamic engine vibrations from an aircraft structure. Other exemplary implementations for vibration isolators include isolating launch vehicles from rocket motor and aerodynamic vibrations and isolating space telescopes from gyroscopic vibrations.
While numerous vibration isolator assemblies are known in the art, they all suffer from common challenges. These challenges include, but are not limited to, high part counts, assembly complexities, the requirement of hermetically sealed bellows, and limitations due to manufacturing constraints that may result in a sub-optimal configuration. Furthermore, fabrication of the bellows is costly, and the cycle time associated with the design and fabrication of the assembly is unacceptably high for many applications.
For example, it is commonly known that the bellows require a seamless and non-porous surface so that pressure can be maintained inside the bellows and dust and/or moisture will not penetrate the seams. Currently, metallic bellows are produced either by expansive-forming or by roll-forming techniques. A limitation of known roll-forming or expansive-forming technologies is the geometry or shape of the metallic bellows. Using existing technology, a bellows can only be circumferential if produced via roll-forming and either round or nearly round if produced via expansive forming.
Hence, there is a need for improved design and manufacturing approaches that enable optimized bellow designs while simultaneously lowering cost and cycle time. The present disclosure addresses at least these needs. Furthermore, other desirable features and characteristics of the vibration isolator assemblies will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the preceding background.
Disclosed are vibration isolator assemblies and methods for manufacturing vibration isolator assemblies. In one embodiment, an exemplary vibration isolator assembly includes a bellows component, a piston component, a shaft component, and a housing component, wherein at least one of the bellows component, the piston component, the shaft component, and the housing component is formed using additive manufacturing techniques.
In another embodiment, an exemplary vibration isolator assembly includes a bellows component, a piston component, a shaft component, and a housing component, wherein the bellows component comprises one or more of a variable radius of curvature, a variable aspect ratio of the convolutes, and a tapering of wall thickness.
In yet another embodiment, an exemplary method for manufacturing a vibration isolator assembly is disclosed, the vibration isolator assembly including at least a bellows component, a piston component, a shaft component, and a housing component, the method including forming at least one of the bellows component, the piston component, the shaft component, and the housing component using manufacturing techniques; and assembling the bellows component, the piston component, the shaft component, and the housing component into a complete vibration isolator assembly.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
The present invention will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the following drawing figures, wherein like numerals denote like elements, and wherein:
The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the invention or the application and uses of the invention. As used herein, the word “exemplary” means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Thus, any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. Furthermore, as used herein, numerical ordinals such as “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., such as first, second, and third components, simply denote different singles of a plurality unless specifically defined by language in the appended claims. All of the embodiments and implementations of the vibration isolator assemblies and methods for the manufacture thereof described herein are exemplary embodiments provided to enable persons skilled in the art to make or use the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention which is defined by the claims. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any expressed or implied theory presented in the preceding technical field, background, brief summary, or the following detailed description.
Disclosed herein is an enhanced vibration isolator assembly that is fabricated using a free-form manufacturing process for its production. Unlike known vibration isolator assemblies, embodiments of the present disclosure utilize a manufacturing process that incorporates a low energy density laser beam, referred to as “direct metal laser sintering” (DMLS) in a powder tank. This “free-form” or additive manufacturing process uses a small, focused beam to build a component by fusing one layer of powder to the fused layer of powder directly beneath it. The manufacturing methods disclosed herein utilize DMLS to build unique designs that are not possible with prior technologies such as investment casting, expansive, or rolled-forming technologies, where costly and time-consuming tooling is required.
Furthermore, DMLS is a manufacturing technology that is able to produce flexible joint assemblies from multiple materials. Manufacturing methods previously known in the art, such as roll-forming or expansion-forming, have limited capabilities. DMLS is a free-form approach to produce complex, novel designs not possible with methods previously known in the art since DMLS does not require tooling in the manufacturing process. For example, DMLS may be utilized to produce the bellows components of a vibration isolator assembly without the need for expansive- or rolled-forming technologies and without the need for complex welding processes that must maintain sealing all around the bellows.
Additionally, the methods of the present disclosure allow for optimization of the damper/spring assembly of a vibration isolator assembly by enabling variable wall thicknesses in the bellows assembly in both the thickness and convolute (turn-around) regions. The result thereof is a lower cost and robust assembly (from a sealing perspective) that may be optimized for an individual implementation much faster than previously available in the art.
Still further, the use of DMLS technology in connection with the manufacturing of vibration isolator assemblies as described herein enables a significant part count reduction from vibration isolator assemblies previously known in the art. Furthermore, by consolidating the entire manufacturing process in one DMLS environment, a fixed process may be employed to reduce variability in the assembly since all units are produced as one (or two) parts from the same machine and process. Multiple parts with their associated tolerance and variability (and defects) are no longer required. The result thereof is a reduced part count, optimized assembly that may be produced with lower cost and reduced cycle time when compared to previously known methods.
It will be appreciated that the methods presented herein can be applied to any vibration isolator assembly configuration to simplify and reduce the cost of the manufacture thereof, and to improve the reliability of the assembly. For purposes of discussion only, an exemplary vibration isolator assembly is described below with regard to
With reference now to
Turning now to
The first bellows 120 is disposed within the assembly housing 118 and is configured to move along the longitudinal axis 142. The first bellows 120 is coupled at one end to a first end plate 148 and at an opposite end to a second end plate 150 to thereby define first bellows interior cavity 152 therebetween. The first end plate 148 sealingly mates with the assembly housing first end 130 and couples the first bellows 120 thereto. The second end plate 150 couples to a support shaft 158 that is disposed within the first bellows interior cavity 152. The support shaft 158 is configured to provide structural support for the first bellows 120 and guides the first bellows 120 along the longitudinal axis 142 during operation. The support shaft 158 may itself include a cavity 160 configured to receive other isolator assembly 110 components therein.
Similar to the first bellows 120, the second bellows 122 is disposed within the assembly housing 118, is coupled to a first and a second end plate 166, 168, and is preferably configured to move along the longitudinal axis 142. The second bellows first end plate 166 sealingly mates with the assembly housing second end 132 and couples the second bellows 122 thereto. The second bellows second end plate 168 is coupled to the opposite end of the second bellows 122 and, together with the first end plate 166 and inner surface of the second bellows 122, defines a interior cavity 170. Just as above, each of the first and second end plates 166, 168 include openings 172, 174 formed therein that are configured to provide space for disposal of components that may extend outside of the assembly housing 118.
The piston assembly 124 is configured to operate with the first and second bellows 120, 122 to damp and isolate vibration received from the pivot 116 (shown in
The piston flange 178 extends radially outward from the piston shaft 176 and may be either formed integrally as part of the piston shaft 176 or may be separately constructed and subsequently attached to the piston shaft 176. The piston flange 178 is sealingly coupled to the second bellows second end plate 168. The piston flange 178 is coupled to the first bellows 120 via another section of the piston 177. The piston section 177, in turn, is coupled to the first bellows second end plate 150.
The isolator assembly 110 components are preferably configured to operate together to sealingly enclose the fluid therein in a fixed volume of space. The volume of space is separated into subvolumes, each of which is disposed in a first chamber 192 and a second chamber 194. The first chamber 192 is defined by a portion of the assembly housing inner surface 134 and an outer surface of the first bellows 120, and the second chamber 194 is defined by another portion of the assembly housing inner surface 134 and an outer surface of the second bellows 122. The first chamber 192, second chamber 194, and restrictive flow passage(s) 198 are filled with fluid. Thus, during the operation of the isolator assembly 110, when a force is exerted on the piston assembly 124, fluid is pushed from the second chamber 194, through the restrictive flow passage 198, into the first chamber 192.
For purposes of discussion only, reference will be made to an exemplary bellows, illustrated in
In addition, the bellows (120, 122) may now be optimized in shape (radius of curvature, variable aspect ratio of the convolutes, tapering of wall thickness or features, etc.) to produce the optimized final assembly. Still further, multiple materials may be utilized in the assembly build, as described in commonly assigned patent application Ser. No. 13/360,126 (“Multi-Material Turbine Components,” the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety), to further optimize the vibration isolator assembly characteristics and cost.
Other recent advances may be combined with embodiments of the present disclosure to produce an enhanced vibration isolator assembly. For example, the deficiencies in prior art additive manufacturing methods have been recently overcome by using DMLS in conjunction with super alloy materials, which may require an encapsulation technology as disclosed in commonly assigned patent application Ser. No. 12/820,652 (“Methods for Manufacturing Turbine Components,” the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety) and commonly assigned patent application Ser. No. 13/235,210 (“Methods for Manufacturing Components From Articles Formed By Additive Manufacturing Techniques,” the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety). DMLS in conjunction with encapsulation, and the ability to electro-chemically machine materials to exact thicknesses, makes it possible to design and manufacture structurally optimized components from graduated materials, as will be appreciated by those having ordinary skill in the art.
In general, it is expected that, based on the teachings herein, a person having ordinary skill in the art will be able to modify the vibration isolator assemblies as above to conform for use in a wide variety of applications, as the selection of size, shape, etc. of working components is generally considered to be within the level of skill of a person having ordinary skill in the art. As such, the various possible implementations of the vibration isolator assemblies should not be considered limited to any of the embodiments presented herein.
Greater detail regarding the additive manufacturing techniques noted above will now be provided, again with reference to the exemplary bellows illustrated in
In a first step 210, a model, such as a design model, of the vibration isolator assembly, or component thereof such as the bellows 120 or 122, may be defined in any suitable manner. For example, the model may be designed with computer aided design (CAD) software and may include three-dimensional (“3D”) numeric coordinates of the entire configuration of the vibration isolator assembly including both external and internal surfaces. In one exemplary embodiment, the model may include a number of successive two-dimensional (“2D”) cross-sectional slices that together form the 3D component.
In step 220 of the method 200, the vibration isolator assembly, or component thereof, is formed according to the model of step 210. In one exemplary embodiment, a portion of the vibration isolator assembly is formed using a rapid prototyping or additive layer manufacturing process. In other embodiments, the entire vibration isolator assembly is formed using a rapid prototyping or additive layer manufacturing process. Although additive layer manufacturing processes are described in greater detail below, in still other alternative embodiments, portions of the vibration isolator assembly may be forged or cast in step 220, for example, with a single-crystal structure.
Some examples of additive layer manufacturing processes include: micro-pen deposition in which liquid media is dispensed with precision at the pen tip and then cured; selective laser sintering in which a laser is used to sinter a powder media in precisely controlled locations; laser wire deposition in which a wire feedstock is melted by a laser and then deposited and solidified in precise locations to build the product; electron beam melting; laser engineered net shaping; and direct metal deposition. In general, additive manufacturing techniques provide flexibility in free-form fabrication without geometric constraints, fast material processing time, and innovative joining techniques. In one particular exemplary embodiment, direct metal laser fusion (DMLF) is used to produce the vibration isolator assembly in step 220. DMLF is a commercially available laser-based rapid prototyping and tooling process by which complex parts may be directly produced by precision melting and solidification of metal powder into successive layers of larger structures, each layer corresponding to a cross-sectional layer of the 3D component. DMLF may include direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), as previously noted above, and is a particularly preferred embodiment of this disclosure.
As such, in one exemplary embodiment, step 220 is performed with DMLF techniques to form the vibration isolator assembly. However, prior to a discussion of the subsequent method steps, reference is made to
Referring to
During operation, a base block 340 may be installed on the fabrication support 314. The fabrication support 314 is lowered and the delivery support 334 is raised. The roller or wiper 336 scrapes or otherwise pushes a portion of the build material 370 from the delivery device 330 to form the working plane 316 in the fabrication device 310. The laser 360 emits a laser beam 362, which is directed by the scanner 340 onto the build material 370 in the working plane 316 to selectively fuse the build material 370 into a cross-sectional layer of the article 350 according to the design. More specifically, the speed, position, and other operating parameters of the laser beam 362 are controlled to selectively fuse the powder of the build material 370 into larger structures by rapidly melting the powder particles that may melt or diffuse into the solid structure below, and subsequently, cool and re-solidify. As such, based on the control of the laser beam 362, each layer of build material 370 may include unfused and fused build material 370 that respectively corresponds to the cross-sectional passages and walls that form the article 350. In general, the laser beam 362 is relatively low power to selectively fuse the individual layer of build material 370. As an example, the laser beam 362 may have a power of approximately 50 to 500 Watts, although any suitable power may be provided.
Upon completion of a respective layer, the fabrication support 314 is lowered and the delivery support 334 is raised. Typically, the fabrication support 314, and thus the article 350, does not move in a horizontal plane during this step. The roller or wiper 336 again pushes a portion of the build material 370 from the delivery device 330 to form an additional layer of build material 370 on the working plane 316 of the fabrication device 310. The laser beam 362 is movably supported relative to the article 350 and is again controlled to selectively form another cross-sectional layer. As such, the article 350 is positioned in a bed of build material 370 as the successive layers are formed such that the unfused and fused material supports subsequent layers. This process is continued according to the modeled design as successive cross-sectional layers are formed into the completed desired portion, e.g., the vibration isolator assembly, or component thereof such as the bellows, of step 220.
The delivery of build material 370 and movement of the article 350 in the vertical direction are relatively constant and only the movement of the laser beam 362 is selectively controlled to provide a simpler and more precise implementation. The localized fusing of the build material 370 enables more precise placement of fused material to reduce or eliminate the occurrence of over-deposition of material and excessive energy or heat, which may otherwise result in cracking or distortion. The unused and unfused build material 370 may be reused, thereby further reducing scrap.
Any suitable laser and laser parameters may be used, including considerations with respect to power, laser beam spot size, and scanning velocity. As a general matter, the build material 370 may be formed by any suitable powder, including powdered metals, such as a stainless steel powder, and alloys and super alloy materials, such as nickel-based or cobalt superalloys. In one exemplary embodiment, the build material 370 is a high temperature nickel base super alloy such as IN718. In other embodiments, MAR-M-247, IN738, titanium, aluminum, titanium-aluminide, or other suitable alloys may be employed. In general, the powder build material 370 may be selected for enhanced strength, durability, and useful life, particularly at high temperatures, although as described below, the powder build material 370 may also be selected based on the intended function of the area being formed.
Returning to
In one exemplary embodiment, the encapsulation layer may be a metal or alloy that is compatible with the substrate and may be applied by a plating or coating process, as described below. In one embodiment, the HIP process may be performed at a processing temperature in a range of about 1000° C. to about 1300° C. and may be performed at a pressure in a range of about 1 ksi to about 25 ksi for a time period of about 1 to about 10 hours. In other embodiments, the HIP processing temperature, pressure, and time may be smaller or larger to form a compacted solid having negligible porosity.
The method 200 has been discussed above with reference to the formation of a single vibration isolator assembly, or component thereof. However, in one exemplary embodiment of the method 200, more than one vibration isolator assembly (or component thereof) may be manufactured simultaneously. Unless otherwise noted, method 200 in this embodiment proceeds as discussed above. In this embodiment of the method 200, the articles are formed on a common base block (e.g., base block 340) to provide a common orientation and a known point of reference and formed as discussed above. Successive layers can be formed for the group of articles simultaneously according to a common module or design. For example, the powdered metal may be deposited across a single working plane and one or more lasers may selectively fuse the layers of each intermediate turbine article, either sequentially or simultaneously. The articles may then be lowered together for the formation of the next layer. Simultaneous fabrication of a number of components may reduce cost and variability of the manufacturing process.
Accordingly, exemplary embodiments may enhance vibration isolator assemblies fabricated with additive manufacturing techniques, including DMLF/DMLS. In particular, the utility, design, durability, manufacturing cost, and life span of the vibration isolator assembly may be improved by manufacturing each portion of the vibration isolator assembly using designs that minimize the structural stresses that will be encountered during operation, especially the convolutes of the bellows which, in previously known techniques, were welded or brazed together, resulting in numerous potential points of weakness. Additionally, rapid prototyping and manufacturing reduces cracks and other issues and reduces costs and cycle time in the system design, particularly in the iterative environment of gas turbine engine component design.
For example, the bellows 120,122 in
As noted in the present disclosure, in implementing the DMLS methods described herein, the components are submerged in a DMLS machine powder bed. The DMLS process is therefore not restrained or limited by conventional roll-forming tooling, which makes this a unique approach to producing the bellows and/or other parts of the vibration isolator assembly. Unlike previously known fabrication techniques, the assembly may now be optimized by utilizing variable wall thickness in the bellows. In addition, the bellows may now be optimized in shape (radius of curvature, variable aspect ratio of the convolutes, tapering of wall thickness or features, etc.) to produce the optimized final assembly.
While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing detailed description, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiments of the vibration isolator assembly are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the invention in any way. Rather, the foregoing detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an exemplary embodiment of the inventive vibration isolator assembly. It is understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
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