Patent Grant
8886037
The present invention relates to a waveform reconstruction device and the like which reconstruct a time waveform of an optical signal.
In recent years, obtaining accurate information on a time waveform of an optical signal is significantly important in working toward a practical use of information and communication systems utilizing a nonlinear optical effect. Thus, an intensity distribution of the time waveform of an optical signal is measured using an optical sampling oscilloscope, autocorrelator, and so on, in order to obtain accurate information on the time waveform of the optical signal. As a result, amplitude information of the optical signal is obtained from the measured intensity distribution. However, phase information of the optical signal cannot be obtained from the measured intensity distribution. More specifically, information on the time waveform of the optical signal cannot be obtained by merely measuring the intensity distribution of the optical signal.
In view of the above, various methods have been proposed for obtaining a phase of an optical signal (see Non Patent Literatures 1 and 2, for example). The methods disclosed by Non Patent Literatures 1 and 2 are methods for obtaining a phase of an optical signal based on time-resolved spectroscopy. More specifically, the phase of an optical signal is obtained using an ultrafast time gate or a reference light source in the methods according to Non Patent Literatures 1 and 2. Then, the time waveform of the optical signal is reconstructed using the obtained phase.
However, the above-described conventional methods need the ultrafast time gate or the reference light source, and thus a significantly high technical level is required, such as temporal adjustment for an optical signal and gate and ensuring stability and a signal-noise (SN) ratio, and so on.
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a waveform reconstruction device capable of easily reconstructing a time waveform of an optical signal.
In order to achieve the object described above, a waveform reconstruction device according to an aspect of the present invention is a waveform reconstruction device which reconstructs a time waveform of an input optical signal, the waveform reconstruction device comprising: an input spectrum obtaining unit configured to obtain a power spectrum of the input optical signal; an output spectrum obtaining unit configured to obtain, as a measured power spectrum, a power spectrum for each of a plurality of intensities of the input optical signal, the power spectrum being obtained by measuring an output optical signal that is output after the input optical signal propagates through an optical fiber that induces self-phase modulation; a phase spectrum calculation unit configured to (i) calculate as a calculated power spectrum, for each of the plurality of intensities of the input optical signal, a power spectrum of the output optical signal when a phase spectrum of the input optical signal having the plurality of intensities is assumed to have a given phase spectrum, by simulating the propagation of the input optical signal through the optical fiber using a parameter related to the self-phase modulation of the optical fiber, and (ii) calculate as the phase spectrum of the input optical signal, the given phase spectrum when a difference value between the calculated power spectrum and the measured power spectrum is equal to or less than a threshold; and a waveform reconstruction unit configured to reconstruct a time waveform of the input optical signal by performing frequency-time transform on the phase spectrum calculated by the phase spectrum calculation unit and the power spectrum obtained by the input spectrum obtaining unit.
The above-described configuration allows reconstruction of the time waveform of an input optical signal using the power spectrum of an output optical signal that is output after the input optical signal propagates through the optical fiber which induces self-phase modulation, and thus it is possible to easily reconstruct the time waveform of an optical signal.
In addition, the phase spectrum calculation unit may search, changing the given phase spectrum according to a predetermined algorithm, for the given phase spectrum when the difference value becomes equal to or less than the threshold so as to calculate the phase spectrum of the input optical signal.
This allows searching, while changing the phase spectrum according to a predetermined algorithm, for the difference value equal to or less than a threshold and thus it is possible to obtain a phase spectrum with high accuracy in a relatively short amount of time.
In addition, a waveform reconstruction system according to an aspect of the present invention is a waveform reconstruction system for reconstructing a time waveform of an input optical signal, the waveform reconstruction system comprising: an intensity adjuster which changes an intensity of the input optical signal into a plurality of intensities different from each other; an optical fiber which induces self-phase modulation of an optical signal that propagates through the optical fiber and which has a known parameter related to the self-phase modulation; a spectral measurement device which measures a power spectrum of an output optical signal for each of the plurality of intensities, the output optical signal being output after the input optical signal whose intensity has been changed by the intensity adjuster propagates through the optical fiber; and the above-described waveform reconstruction device according to claim 1, wherein the output spectrum obtaining unit is configured to obtain, as the measured power spectrum, the power spectrum measured by the spectral measurement device.
This allows reconstruction of the time waveform of the input optical signal only with the optical fiber having the known parameter and the spectrometer, and thus the ultrafast time gate or the reference light need not necessarily be included. This means that it is possible to easily reconstruct the time waveform of the optical signal.
In addition, it is preferable that the optical fiber has known parameters related to self-phase modulation of at least second-order dispersion, third-order dispersion, and fourth-order dispersion.
This allows reconstruction of the time waveform of the optical signal with higher accuracy.
It is to be noted that the present invention can be implemented not only as a waveform reconstruction device as described above but also as a waveform reconstruction method including, as steps, operations performed by characteristic elements included in the waveform reconstruction device. Furthermore, the present invention can be implemented as a program which causes a computer to execute each of the steps included in the waveform reconstruction method. It should be understood that such a program can be distributed via a recording medium such as a compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM) and a transmission medium such as the Internet.
As clearly described above, the waveform reconstruction device according to an aspect of the present invention can reconstruct the time waveform of an input optical signal using a power spectrum of an output optical signal that is output after the input optical signal propagates through an optical fiber which induces self-phase modulation, and thus it is possible to easily reconstruct the time waveform of an optical signal.
A waveform reconstruction system and a waveform reconstruction device according to an aspect of the present invention reconstruct a time waveform of an input optical signal, utilizing the characteristics of a nonlinear optical effect; that is, the time waveform corresponding to a combination of spectrum changes is restricted. More specifically, the waveform reconstruction system and the waveform reconstruction device compare, between a measured value and a calculated value, spectrum changes caused by the nonlinear optical effect and obtained when changing the intensity of an input optical signal, and reconstruct the time waveform of the input optical signal using the comparison result. The phase spectrum necessary for reconstructing the time waveform is determined by changing the phase spectrum such that a calculated power spectrum (calculated value), which is calculated through simulation according to an optimization algorithm such as simulated annealing, approximates a measured power spectrum (measured value).
The following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The intensity adjuster 110 changes an intensity of an input optical signal generated by an input optical signal generation device 200.
The highly nonlinear optical fiber 120, which is an example of an optical fiber, induces self-phase modulation of an optical signal that propagates through the highly nonlinear optical fiber 120. Here, the self-phase modulation is an example of a nonlinear optical effect. A refractive index of a medium such as an optical fiber slightly changes in proportion to the intensity of an optical signal that propagates therethrough, and thus phase modulation occurs in the optical signal itself. The phase modulation which occurs in the above-described manner is referred to as self-phase modulation.
In addition, the highly nonlinear optical fiber 120 is a fiber having a known parameter related to the self-phase modulation. More specifically, the highly nonlinear optical fiber 120 is, for example, an optical fiber having known parameters indicating, in addition to a second-order and a third-order, a fourth-order dispersion. An input optical signal whose intensity is changed by the intensity adjuster 110 propagates through the highly nonlinear optical fiber 120.
The spectrometer 130, which is an example of a spectral measurement device, generates a power spectrum represented by a digital value, by decomposing an output optical signal by wavelength into lights and performing optical-to-electrical (O/E) conversion and analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion on the lights decomposed per wavelength. This means that the spectrometer 130 measures a power spectrum of an output optical signal. It is to be noted here that the output optical signal is an optical signal that is output after an input optical signal propagates through the highly nonlinear optical fiber 120.
The waveform reconstruction device 140 is implemented as, for example, a computer shown in
The input optical signal generation device 200 is a device which generates an input optical signal. More specifically, the input optical signal generation device 200 includes, for example, a mode-locked laser diode (MLLD), a single mode fiber (SMF), and an erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). The input optical signal generation device 200 performs dispersion compensation on a light pulse output from the MLLD using the SMF and amplifies the light pulse using the EDFA.
The input spectrum obtaining unit 141 obtains a power spectrum of the input optical signal generated by the input optical signal generation device 200. For example, when the power spectrum of the input optical signal generated by the input optical signal generation device 200 is a known power spectrum, the input spectrum obtaining unit 141 obtains the power spectrum of the input optical signal by reading data on the power spectrum which is stored in storage means and the like. On the other hand, when the power spectrum of the input optical signal generated by the input optical signal generation device 200 is an unknown power spectrum, the input spectrum obtaining unit 141 obtains the power spectrum of the input optical signal, which is measured using a not-illustrated spectrometer or the like. It is to be noted that the power spectrum obtained by the input spectrum obtaining unit 141 is data indicating an optical intensity for each of the wavelengths of the input optical signal.
The output spectrum obtaining unit 142 obtains, as a measured power spectrum, a power spectrum which (i) is a power spectrum of an output optical signal that is output after the input optical signal propagates through the highly nonlinear optical fiber 120 and (ii) is measured by the spectrometer 130, for each of a plurality of intensities of the input optical signal. Here, the measured power spectrum is data that indicates an optical intensity for each of the wavelengths of the output optical signal.
The phase spectrum calculation unit 143 calculates, as a calculated power spectrum, a power spectrum of the output optical signal when a phase spectrum of the input optical signal having the plurality of intensities is assumed to have a given phase spectrum, by simulating the propagation of the input optical signal through the highly nonlinear optical fiber 120, using a parameter. Then, the phase spectrum calculation unit 143 calculates, as the phase spectrum of the input optical signal, a given phase spectrum when the difference value between the calculated power spectrum for each of the plurality of intensities and the measured power spectrum for each of the plurality of intensities obtained by the output spectrum obtaining unit 142 is equal to or less than a threshold. More specifically, the phase spectrum calculation unit 143 searches for the given phase spectrum when the difference value becomes equal to or less than the threshold while changing the given phase spectrum according to simulated annealing, thereby calculating the phase spectrum of the input optical signal.
It is to be noted that the phase spectrum calculated by the phase spectrum calculation unit 143 is data indicating a phase of each of the wavelengths of the optical signal. In addition, the parameter is a parameter related to self-phase modulation and unique to the highly nonlinear optical fiber 120. Furthermore, the simulation performed by the phase spectrum calculation unit 143 is a pulse propagation simulation using, for example, a split-step method. More specifically, the simulation performed by the phase spectrum calculation unit 143 is an optical signal propagation simulation for calculating a power spectrum of an output optical signal by using a known parameter unique to the highly nonlinear optical fiber 120.
In addition, the threshold described above may be a constant value that is specified in advance or maybe a value that dynamically changes during the simulation. For example, the threshold may be a difference value obtained when a convergence condition of a solution for which sequentially searched by simulated annealing is satisfied (when the rate of change of the solution becomes equal to or less than a predetermined rate of change, for example). Furthermore, the threshold may be, for example, a difference value that is obtained when a solution is searched for, for predetermined times.
The waveform reconstruction unit 144 performs frequency-time transform on the phase spectrum calculated by the phase spectrum calculation unit 143 and the power spectrum obtained by the input spectrum obtaining unit 141, thereby reconstructing a time waveform of the input optical signal. More specifically, the waveform reconstruction unit 144 reconstructs the time waveform by performing, for example, inverse Fourier transform on the phase spectrum and the power spectrum.
The following describes various operations performed by the waveform reconstruction device 140 configured as described above.
First, the input spectrum obtaining unit 141 obtains a power spectrum of an input optical signal generated by the input optical signal generation device 200 (Step S101). Subsequently, the output spectrum obtaining unit 142 obtains, as measured power spectrums, power spectrums of the output optical signal which corresponds to a plurality of intensities of the input optical signal and is measured by the spectrometer 130 (Step S102).
Next, the phase spectrum calculation unit 143 determines a phase spectrum that is an initial value (Step S103). The phase spectrum calculation unit 143 determines, for example, an arbitrary phase spectrum as the initial value. Or, the phase spectrum calculation unit 143 may determine, as the initial value, a phase spectrum that is obtained when the input optical signal is assumed to have a pulse of a predetermined type, for example.
Then the phase spectrum calculation unit 143 simulates the propagation of the input optical signal through the highly nonlinear optical fiber 120, using the parameter related to self-phase modulation of the highly nonlinear optical fiber 120. With this, the phase spectrum calculation unit 143 calculates as a calculated power spectrum, for each of a plurality of intensities of the input optical signal, a power spectrum of the output optical signal when the input optical signal having the plurality of intensities is assumed to have the phase spectrum determined in Step S103 or Step S106 (Step S104).
Next, the phase spectrum calculation unit 143 determines whether or not a total of the difference value for each of the plurality of intensities between the calculated power spectrum for each of the plurality of intensities and the measured power spectrum for each of the plurality of intensities measured by the spectrometer 130 (obtained in Step S102) is equal to or less than the threshold (Step S105).
When it is determined that the total of the difference value is larger than the threshold (No in Step S105), the phase spectrum calculation unit 143 determines a new phase spectrum to be used for simulation, according to the simulated annealing (Step S106). Then, processes starting from Step S104 are repeated.
On the other hand, when it is determined that the difference value is equal to or less than the threshold (Yes in Step S105), the phase spectrum used for the simulation is calculated as a phase spectrum of the input optical signal (Step S107).
Lastly, a time waveform of the input optical signal is reconstructed by performing the frequency-time transform on the power spectrum of the input optical signal and the calculated phase spectrum (Step S108), and the process is terminated.
Through the processes described above, the waveform reconstruction device 140 can easily reconstruct the time waveform of the optical signal using the power spectrum of the output optical signal that is output after the input optical signal propagates through the optical fiber which induces self-phase modulation.
The following describes an experimental result obtained by the waveform reconstruction system 100 described above.
In the experiment, the input optical signal generation device 200 performed dispersion compensation using the SMF of 65 m on a light pulse of 1.3 ps output from the MLLD with a period of 10 GHz, and then amplified the light pulse using the EDFA. The input optical signal generation device 200 output, as the input optical signal, the light pulse amplified by the EDFA as described above.
A variable optical attenuator (VOA) was used as the intensity adjuster 110. The intensity adjuster 110 changed the intensity of the input optical signal generated by the input optical signal generation device 200 into ten different types of intensities, by increasing electrical power by 10.3 mW starting from 17.2 mW. Then the intensity adjuster 110 output, to the highly nonlinear optical fiber 120, the input optical signal whose intensity had been changed.
An optical fiber having a parameter indicated in Table 1, in which the fourth-order dispersion in addition to the second-order dispersion and the third-order dispersion was considered, was used as the highly nonlinear optical fiber 120.
(a) to (j) in
In the present experiment, the phase spectrum calculation unit 143 included in the waveform reconstruction device 140 searched for a phase spectrum when an evaluation function becomes the smallest, while changing the phase spectrum according to the simulated annealing. The evaluation function is the difference value between the measured values of the power spectrums of the output optical signal, each of which has a corresponding one of the seven types of intensities (shown in (a) to (g) in
The waveform reconstruction unit 144 included in the waveform reconstruction device 140 reconstructs the time waveform of the input optical signal, using the phase spectrum 602 and the power spectrum 601 of the input optical signal which are calculated as shown in
Next, the validity of the simulation performed by the phase spectrum calculation unit 143 and the calculated phase spectrum in the above-described experiment is verified.
As shown in (a) to (g) in
As shown in (a) to (g) in
As described above, the waveform reconstruction system 100 and the waveform reconstruction device 140 according to the above-described embodiment are capable of reconstructing the time waveform of the input optical signal, using the power spectrum of the output optical signal that is output after the input optical signal propagates through the optical fiber which induces self-phase modulation. Therefore, data of time-resolved spectroscopy is not necessarily essential for the waveform reconstruction system 100 and the waveform reconstruction device 140. More specifically, the waveform reconstruction system 100 needs not necessarily include, for reconstructing the time waveform of an optical signal, an ultrafast time gate or a reference light source which are necessary for obtaining data of time-resolved spectroscopy, and thus it is possible to easily reconstruct the time waveform of the optical signal.
In addition, the waveform reconstruction system 100 and the waveform reconstruction device 140 are capable of searching for a difference value equal to or less than a threshold while changing the phase spectrum according to the simulated annealing which is a known technique, and thus it is possible to calculate a phase spectrum with high accuracy in a relatively short amount of time.
The waveform reconstruction device and the waveform reconstruction system according to an aspect of the present invention have been described above based on an embodiment; however, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. Other forms in which various modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are applied to the embodiment are included within the scope of the present invention, unless such changes and modifications depart from the scope of the present invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the phase spectrum calculation unit 143 calculates the phase spectrum of the input optical signal by searching for a phase spectrum when the difference value becomes equal to or less than a threshold while changing the phase spectrum according to simulated annealing; however, the waveform reconstruction device and the waveform reconstruction system according to an aspect of the present invention are not limited to the waveform reconstruction device and the waveform reconstruction system described above. For example, the phase spectrum calculation unit 143 may search for the phase spectrum when the difference value becomes equal to or less than a threshold while changing the phase spectrum according to a genetic algorithm. More specifically, for the waveform reconstruction device and the waveform reconstruction system according to an aspect of the present invention, any algorithm can be used as long as the algorithm is for calculation of the phase spectrum when the evaluation function becomes the smallest in the case where the difference value equal to or less than a threshold is the evaluation function. In addition, the phase spectrum calculation unit 143, for example, may search for the phase spectrum when the difference value becomes equal to or less than a threshold while changing the phase spectrum in a random manner without using an algorithm.
Furthermore, the highly nonlinear optical fiber 120 is an optical fiber having known parameters in which up to the fourth-order dispersion is considered in the above-described embodiment; however the optical fiber may have known parameters in which higher order dispersion is considered.
Furthermore, the present invention can be implemented as a waveform reconstruction method for executing processes performed by characteristic elements of the waveform reconstruction device described above. In addition, the present invention can be implemented as a program which causes a computer as shown in
The computer 500 includes: a central processing unit (CPU) 501; a read only memory (ROM) 502; a random access memory (RAM) 503; a hard disk 504; a communication interface 505, and so on.
The CPU 501 executes a program read via the CD-ROM device 514 or a program received via the communication interface 505. More specifically, the CPU 501 develops, into the RAM 503, the program read via the CD-ROM device 514 or the program received via the communication interface 505. Then the CPU 501 executes each coded instruction in the program developed into the RAM 503.
The ROM 502 is a read-only memory which stores a program and data necessary for operation of the computer 500. The RAM 503 is used as a work area when the CPU 501 executes the program. More specifically, the RAM 503 temporarily stores data such as a parameter for executing the program, for example. The hard disk 504 stores the program, the data, and so on.
The communication interface 505 performs communication with other computers via a network. A bus 506 interconnects the CPU 501, the ROM 502, the RAM 503, the hard disk 504, the communication interface 505, a display 511, a keyboard 512, a mouse 513 and the CD-ROM device 514.
A waveform reconstruction device and a waveform reconstruction system according to an aspect of the present invention can be used as a measurement device for a time waveform of an ultrafast light pulse used in a research field such as optical communications. Particularly, utilization of an optical communication coding which uses a phase and the nonlinear optical signal processing that is sensitive to the status of an light pulse have particularly been actively researched or used in recent years. Therefore, the waveform reconstruction device and the waveform reconstruction system according to an aspect of the present invention which are capable of easily measuring an accurate time waveform are highly useful not only in an industrial field but also in a field of the fundamental science.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009-048608 | Mar 2009 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2010/001397 | 3/2/2010 | WO | 00 | 9/2/2011 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010/100891 | 9/10/2010 | WO | A |
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