Patent Grant
10156867
This invention is in the field of wearable electronic devices.
Wearable electronics are an emerging technology with many applications for the wearer. They can improve lifestyles, ease access to technology and help monitor activity within the wearer's body. However, many current wearable electronics are bulky and can be intrusive or interfere with a person's daily life. In this regard, the wearer may not be comfortable wearing the device for extended periods of time.
This invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a wearable computing device (WCD) in the shape of a ring. The wearable computing device can be worn for extended periods of time and can take many measurements and perform various functions because of its form factor and position on the finger of a user.
One aspect of the disclosure provides a wearable computing device, comprising: an interior wall; an exterior wall; a flexible printed circuit board disposed between the interior wall and the exterior wall; at least one component disposed on the flexible printed circuit board; and wherein at least one of the interior wall and the exterior wall defines a window that facilitates at least one of data transmission, battery recharge, and status indication.
In one example, the window comprises an internal window defined by the interior wall.
In one example, the window comprises an exterior window defined by the exterior wall.
In one example, the window comprises a plurality of exterior windows defined by the exterior wall.
In one example, the plurality of exterior windows comprises a first exterior window and a second exterior window, wherein the first exterior window facilities battery charging and the second exterior window facilities data transmission.
In one example, at least one concentrated photovoltaic cell, an antenna, and at least one LED are accessible via the window.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a wearable computing device, comprising: an internal housing portion configured to be disposed near a finger of a user; a flexible printed circuit board arranged around a portion of a circumference of an interior surface of the internal housing; at least one component disposed on the flexible printed circuit board; and an external housing portion configured to seal the at least one component and the printed circuit board in an internal space defined by the interior surface of the internal housing.
In one example, the external housing portion comprises a substantially transparent external potting.
In one example, the at least one component comprises at least one LED configured to emit at least one of visible light, infrared radiation, and ultraviolet radiation through the external potting.
In one example, the at least one component comprises a concentrated photovoltaic cell configured to receive concentrated light through the transparent external potting.
In one example, the flexible printed circuit board includes a plurality of stiffener elements configured to engage with a corresponding plurality of flanges disposed on the internal housing portion.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a wearable computing device, comprising: an external housing portion; a flexible printed circuit board arranged around a portion of a circumference of an interior surface of the external housing; at least one component disposed on the flexible printed circuit board; and an internal housing portion configured to seal the at least one component and the printed circuit board in an internal space defined by the interior surface of the external housing.
In one example, the internal housing portion comprises a substantially transparent internal potting.
In one example, the at least one component comprises at least one LED configured to emit at least one of visible light, infrared radiation, and ultraviolet radiation through the internal potting.
In one example, the at least one component comprises a concentrated photovoltaic cell configured to receive concentrated light through the transparent internal potting.
In one example, the flexible printed circuit board includes a plurality of stiffener elements configured to engage with a corresponding plurality of flanges disposed on the external housing portion.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a system, comprising: a wearable computing device, including a housing and a photovoltaic element disposed at least partially within the housing; and a base assembly, the base assembly including a concentrated light source directed at the photovoltaic element.
In one example, the wearable computing device includes at least one ferrous element disposed within the housing, and wherein the base assembly includes at least one magnetic element disposed therein.
In one example, the concentrated light source is arranged circumferentially around the wearable computing device when the wearable computing device is engaged with the base assembly.
In one example, the concentrated light source comprises at least one of a laser diode and a light emitting diode (LED).
In one example, a housing of the WCD defines an opening through which the WCD is configured to receive concentrated light.
In one example, the base assembly comprises an optical element for focusing concentrated light emitted from the concentrated light source.
In one example, the optical element comprises a lens and is selected from the group consisting of concave, convex, plano-concave, plano-convex.
In one example, the WCD comprises at least one transparent potting configured to allow concentrated light to pass therethrough.
In one example, the WCD is ring-shaped and the base assembly comprises at least one post configured to engaged with a finger space of the WCD.
In one example, the photovoltaic cell comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides an enclosure for a wearable computing device, the enclosure comprising: a base defining a receptacle for receiving the wearable computing; a lid configured to engage with the base to substantially enclose the wearable computing device, the lid having an optical element configured to direct incident electromagnetic radiation to a photovoltaic cell disposed on the wearable computing device to allow charging thereof.
In one example, the lid includes a plurality of vent holes that prevent overheating within the enclosure.
In one example, the optical element comprises a lens.
In one example, the lens has a focal length and wherein a distance between a central portion of the lens and the photovoltaic cell is greater than or less than the focal length.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a timepiece system, comprising: a timepiece having a substantially planar under surface; and a timepiece computing device adhered to the planar under surface, the timepiece computing device being substantially cylindrical and comprising: a processor; a memory; and at least one sensor.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a wearable computing device system, comprising: a wearable computing device; an attachment frame coupled to the wearable computing device; and an optical element removably coupled to the attachment frame, wherein the optical element is configured to direct electromagnetic radiation to a photovoltaic cell disposed on a surface of the wearable computing device to allow for charging of the wearable computing device.
In one example, the attachment frame is removably coupled to the wearable computing device.
In one example, the attachment frame engages with an inward-facing surface of the wearable computing device.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a method of identifying an authorized user of a wearable computing device, comprising: illuminating a portion of a skin surface of the user; imaging the portion of the skin surface of the user to generate at least one first image; generating a reference capillary map corresponding to the user based at least in part on the at least one image.
In one example, the method further includes rotating the wearable computing device during the illuminating and imaging steps.
In one example, the method further includes imaging the portion of the skin surface of the user to generate at least one second image; and comparing the at least one second image to the reference capillary map in order to authenticate the user.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a method of navigating, comprising: gesturing in a first direction while wearing a wearable computing device; comparing the first direction to a predetermined direction in a predetermined set of directions; providing feedback based on the comparison of the first direction of the predetermined direction.
In one example, the gesture comprises pointing a finger and the first direction comprises a first heading.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a method of regulating temperature, comprising: measuring a skin temperature of a user via a first temperature sensor; measuring an ambient temperature via a second temperature sensor; comparing the skin temperature to a predetermined threshold temperature; and adjusting the ambient temperature based in part on the comparison.
In one example, measuring the skin temperature comprises measuring the skin temperature via a first temperature sensor disposed at an inward facing surface of a wearable computing device.
In one example, measuring the ambient temperature comprises measuring the ambient temperature via a second temperature sensor disposed at an outward facing surface of the wearable computing device.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a method for controlling appliances, comprising: identifying a position of a first appliance in a room; gesturing a first gesture in a direction of the first appliance; identifying the direction of the first direction via a wearable computing device; issuing a controlling command to the first appliance based in part on the identified direction of the gesture.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a method of generating an alert, comprising: authenticating a first wearer of a first wearable computing device as a first authenticated user; transmitting first biometric data associated with the first wearer; associating the first biometric data with a first profile associated with the first wearer of the first wearable computing device; comparing the first biometric data with a group profile comprising aggregated biometric data from a plurality of distinct wearers of a plurality of distinct wearable computing devices; and generating an alert if the first biometric data falls outside of a predetermined threshold set by the aggregated biometric data.
In one example, the biometric data comprises at least one of heart rate; ECG profile; blood sugar, and blood pressure.
In one example, the plurality of distinct wearers share a common trait, resulting in their aggregation into the group profile.
In one example, the common trait comprises at least one of: age, gender, profession, and location.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a method of determine a sampling rate of a wearable computing device, comprising: determining an activity level of a wearer of a wearable computing device based at least in part on data from at least one sensor disposed onboard the wearable computing device; comparing the activity level to a predetermined activity threshold; and increasing a first sensor sampling rate if the activity level is above a predetermined activity threshold.
In one example, the method further includes decreasing the first sensor sampling rate if the activity level is below a predetermined activity threshold.
In one example, the predetermined activity threshold comprises an acceleration measurement.
The invention description below refers to the accompanying drawings, of which:
The present disclosure describes a wearable computing device (WCD) that enables a wearable fitness monitor(s)/computer(s) which is suitable for prolonged usage with accurate results. The WCD can be in the form of a ring that can be worn on the finger of a human (or animal) user. Although the WCD of the present disclosure is depicted as a ring that can be worn on the finger of a user, other shapes, designs, and form factors can be utilized for the WCD. For example, the WCD can be in the form of a wrist band, bracelet, necklace, earring, or any other type of wearable accessory. In this regard, references to the finger of a user in the present application can be considered to apply to other portions of a human body depending on the form of the WCD, such as wrist, neck, ear, etc.
The term “coupled” as used herein means connected directly to or connected through one or more intervening components or circuits. Any of the signals provided over various buses described herein may be time-multiplexed with other signals and provided over one or more common buses. Additionally, the interconnection between circuit elements or software blocks may be shown as buses or as single signal lines. Each of the buses may alternatively be a single signal line, and each of the single signal lines may alternatively be buses, and a single line or bus might represent any one or more of a myriad of physical or logical mechanisms for communication (e.g., a network) between components. The present embodiments are not to be construed as limited to specific examples described herein but rather to include within their scope all embodiments defined by the appended claims.
As previously mentioned, it is recognized in the present disclosure that conventional wearable fitness monitors such as clip-on devices, wristbands, or watch-type monitors still often suffer from inaccuracy mainly because they lack constant and consistent ways to read from the body areas they aim to monitor. It can also be an extra burden for the person to remember and wear such conventional fitness monitors each time the person perform exercises in order to create an accurate history tracking the exercise activities.
Accordingly, the present embodiments of the WCD 110 can function as fitness monitors/computer which is suitable for prolonged usage so as to create accurate results. In addition or as an alternative to fitness monitoring, as will be discussed in more detail below, the WCD 110 can function as a remote input device through, for example, gesture recognition. In some embodiments, the WCD 110 can further function as a sleep monitor, a heart rate sensor, a cardiac monitor a body temperature detector, or the like. It is noted that, for those embodiments which can function as a cardiac monitor (e.g., that measures electrocardiogram (EKG)), it may be necessary to establish a closed loop (e.g., for the electrical measurement of EKG) across the heart. As such, in some of those embodiments, a separate conductive pad can be coupled to the WCD 110 so that a user can pinch the pad with fingers on an opposite hand,
Specifically, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the WCD 110 can be worn by the user (e.g., on a finger) for fitness, physical activity, biological data monitoring as well as for gestural input or other suitable purposes. As shown in
It is noted that the aforementioned modules are intended for purposes of enabling the present embodiments, rather than limiting. As such, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the present disclosure covers apparent alternatives, modifications, and equivalents (e.g., combining or separating the modules) made to the techniques described herein. For example, in some embodiments, a portion of the communication module 250 (e.g., the Bluetooth Chip as shown in
The processor module 210 can have generic characteristics similar to general purpose processors or may be application specific integrated circuitry that provides arithmetic and control functions to the WCD 110. The processor can be any type of processor, such as a processor manufactured by AMtel, Freescale, Nordic Semiconductor, Intel®, AMD®, or an ARM® type processor. The processor module 210 can include a dedicated cache memory (not shown for simplicity). The processor module 210 is coupled to all modules 220-270 in the WCD 110, either directly or indirectly, for data and control signal transmission.
The memory 260 may include any suitable type of storage device including, for example, ROM, such as Mask ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM; NVRAM, such as Flash memory; Early stage NVRAM, such as nvSRAM, FeRAM, MRAM, or PRAM, or any other type, such as, CBRAM, SONOS, RRAM, Racetrack memory, NRAM, Millipede memory, or FJG. Other types of data memory can be employed as such are available in the form factor desired.
In addition to storing instructions which can be executed by the processor module 210, the memory 260 can also store data generated from the processor module 210. It is noted that the memory 260 can be an abstract representation of a generic storage environment. According to some embodiments, the memory 260 may be comprised of one or more actual memory chips or modules. In some embodiments, the memory 260 can function as a temporary storage (e.g., for firmware updates, and/or for avoiding accidental malfunctions (such as so-called “bricking”)).
In accordance with one or more embodiments, the sensor modules 220 can include various sub-modules for the WCD 110 to perform different monitoring or sensing activities. A view 302 of the interior window (e.g., window 130) of a WCD (e.g., WCD 110) with example components exposed is shown in
The temperature sensor can be any type of sensor that detects temperature, such as a thermistor, PTC, NTC, etc. In another example, the temperature sensor can use IR light emitted from an object to calculate a surface temperature of the object in a manner clear to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Together, the processor module 210 and the sensor modules 220 can enable the WCD 110 to perform multiple functions including, for example, pedometer, sleep monitor (e.g., which monitors sleep quality), heart rate sensor, pulse oximetry, skin (and in select embodiments, ambient) temperature. In addition, some embodiments of the WCD 110 can further function as a gesture input device. In particular, the present embodiments recognize that the WCD 110 can detect finger motions or gestures which may be difficult for conventional fitness sensors to detect, such as a tap, a snap, a knock on the table, and the like. In some embodiments, the WCD 110 can utilize the accelerometer to measure the activity level (e.g., arm movement) in conjunction with the measured heart rate to determine if the user is walking horizontally, running, swimming, or climbing stairs. Other activities can be identified by the WCD 110 may include biking or sleeping.
In some embodiments, the WCD 110 can also be programmed to learn particular gestures or physical exercise from the user using, for example, a training mode. For example, the user can instruct (e.g., using a computer or a mobile device of the user) the WCD 110 to enter the training mode and perform the gesture or physical exercise; the WCD 110 can record the readings from the sensor modules 220, recognize patterns therefrom, and store the result in, for example the memory 260, so that such gesture or exercise can be recognized by the WCD 110 after the training. The WCD 110 can be configured (e.g., via a mobile application running on a mobile device of the user) so that the recognized gestures can perform functions designated by the user, such as clicks, swipes, unlocks, or media player controls. In one embodiment, the WCD 110 can include near field communication (NFC) chips so that certain functions (e.g., unlocking a smart phone) can be performed when the WCD 110 touches upon or otherwise be detected by another NFC device. In some embodiments, the unlocking function of the WCD 110 can also unlock a user device (e.g., a phone) via the communication module 250 (e.g., Bluetooth) by the WCD 110 transmitting a proper unlock code.
Moreover, the WCD 110 can function as a key or a control device for keyless access to home, automobile, or other suitable user authentication processes. The WCD 110 can also be integrated with games and game consoles so that it can function as an input device to those games and consoles. In some embodiments, the WCD 110 can be adapted for use in medical and home health monitoring, or as a transportation safety device (e.g., that broadcasts emergency messages to relevant authorities). Additional examples of sensors/functionalities of the WCD 110 can include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) (e.g., for more complex gesture recognition, a near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (e.g., for measuring light absorption and deriving blood glucose/blood alcohol/CO2 content), a Galvanic skin response sensor (e.g., for measuring sweat/nervousness), an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), and so forth.
In some embodiments, the processor module 210 can determine (e.g., based on identified physical activities, routine pattern, and/or time) a frequency at which one or more sensors in the sensor modules 220 should operate. Because it is recognized in the present disclosure that the heart rate of a human being typically does not vary too widely (e.g., beyond a certain percentage of what has been previously measured), in some embodiments, the WCD 110 can automatically adjust the sensor modules 220 (e.g., to slow down) so as to save power. More specifically, some embodiments of the WCD 110 can include a phase-locked loop or logic to predict the pulse width by determining lower and upper ranges in which the heart rate is predicted to be, thus only powering up the sensor modules 220 at the time of the predicted heartbeats. For one example, if the WCD 110 determines that the user is at sleep (e.g., based on the heart rate, the body temperature, together with the movements detected by the accelerometer and/or the vibration detector), the WCD 110 can slow down its heart rate detection frequency (e.g., from 1 measurement per second to 1 measurement per 10 seconds) and skip the measurement of several heartbeats because it is unlikely that the heart rate will change drastically during that period. Conversely, if the WCD 110 determines that the user is performing a high intensity physical exercise, the WCD 110 can increase the frequency of monitoring and recording of the sensor modules 220.
In accordance with one or more embodiments, the WCD 110 also includes various modules coupled to the processor module 210 for, by way of example but not limitation, input/output data transmission, battery recharge, or status indication. A view 300 of the exterior window (e.g., window 120) of a WCD (e.g., WCD 110) with example components exposed is shown in
Specifically, one embodiment of the WCD 110 includes the status indicator module 230 coupled to the processor module 210 to indicate various statuses. In some embodiments, the status indicator module 230 includes a light emitting diode (LED) 330, such as shown in
The WCD 110 can include the power generation and management module 240 for recharging the battery 280 and for providing electrical power to various modules 210-270 in the WCD 110. Particularly, in some embodiments, the power generation and management module 240 includes one or more concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) cells 340, such as shown in
According to some embodiments, the WCD can include one or more sensing or imaging devices that can be any type of device capable of detecting electromagnetic radiation, such as visible light, IR, NIR, UV, etc. In one example, the device is an imaging device, such as a CMOS or CCD camera.
According to some embodiments, the WCD 110 can be placed or docked into a charging station for recharging. A perspective view 900 of an example charging station 910 for the WCD 110 is shown in
Additionally or alternatively, energy source attached to the power generation and management module 240 can be passive; for example, some embodiments provides that a clip with a concentrator lens can be attached to the WCD 110 in a way such that the power generation and management module 240 can charge the battery 280 using natural sunlight. In an alternative embodiment, gemstone(s) (e.g., sapphire, diamond, or other suitable materials) in the shape of a dome or with faceted protrusion can be configured to concentrate/magnify light energy while also serving as a decorative feature.
In some alternative embodiments, the power generation and management module 240 can include electromagnetic induction charging coil so that a WCD (e.g., ring 610) can be charged using an inductive charger.
In order to achieve optimal power management of the WCD, one or more of the components can be selected to minimize power usage. For example, a processor, memory, or any other component can be selected based on rated power usage. In one example, it may be desirable to select components that draw current on the order of microamps in order to extend the battery life of the WCD and to allow the WCD to perform health/activity monitoring functions between charging sessions.
In still some other alternative embodiments, the power generation and management module 240 can include thermoelectric generator (TEG) modules so that a WCD (e.g., WCD 710, 810) can be charged by the difference between the body temperature and the ambient temperature.
The battery can be any type of battery, such as a rechargeable battery. The battery can be a thin, flexible lithium ceramic chemistry battery. In another example, the battery can be a circular formed lithium polymer or lithium ion battery. The battery can provide power to any of the components described above. In one example, the battery can be a lithium cell integrated directly with the flexible PCB described above. Other implementations can integrated the battery directly onto the housing to reduce the volume of space taken up by battery packaging.
The WCD can also include one or more polymer or piezo actuators for providing appropriate haptic or physical feedback and alerts to a user while the user is wearing the ring. The piezo actuator can also provide audible feedback to a user.
As previously mentioned, the WCD 110 can be used with a software application (e.g., a mobile phone application for the Apple iOS or the Google Android OS) which can run on the user's computing device (e.g., a mobile device such as a smart phone). Specifically, the software application can facilitate the mobile device of the user to couple to the WCD 110 (e.g., via the communication module 250) for data communication, such as downloading activity logs, changing configuration and preferences, training the WCD. The software application can also generate a user interface showing the results or readings from the health and fitness tracking performed by the WCD 110.
Further, the WCD 110 can be used for gesture input, and the software application can facilitate the user to customize gesture input and control.
According to some embodiments, the WCD 410 provides a desirable form factor for a user to wear it for a prolonged period of time. The edges and the shape of the WCD 410 can be configured in a way that is comfortable and ergonomic; for example, the finished parts of the embodiments are to be free from burrs and sharp edges. The material which forms the housing portion of the WCD 410 can include medical grade metallic alloys that reduce the likelihood of allergic reactions. Examples of the housing material include stainless steel, tungsten carbide, titanium alloy, silver, platinum or gold.
In the examples shown in
The interior diameter d1 and exterior diameter d2 can be any size to accommodate any finger size. In one example, d2 is determined by d1 plus a thickness of any components and/or flexible circuit boards disposed within the WCD. Additionally, although depicted as being circular, the finger space of the WCD 1200 can be any shape, such as ovular, elliptical, or the like, to accommodate users with atypical finger profiles. In these examples, the dimensions of the interior and/or exterior diameter may be measured according to other variables, such as length, width, major diameter, minor diameter, etc. By way of non-limiting example, the WCD interior diameter d1 (the diameter generally defining the ring size) can be in an approximate range of 12 mm to 24 mm so as to accommodate finger sizes ranging from a small child to a larger adult, and on any acceptable finger, including the thumb. The exterior diameter d2 can also be any reasonable size or shape, and can define an approximate range of between 18 mm and 30 mm. Likewise, the thickness between diameters d1 and d2 can vary widely, but can typically reside in an approximate range of 1.5 mm to 3 mm. The width WR of the WCD along the direction of finger extension (finger longitudinal direction) is widely variable, and can be selected, in part to accommodate internal and external components. In a non-limiting example, the width WR is in a range of approximately 3 mm to 8 mm.
The WCD 1200 can include an overall housing 1210 that includes an internal housing 1212 and an external potting or encapsulant 1214. Together, the internal housing 1212 and external potting 1214 combine to form the overall form factor of the WCD 1200, in addition to providing a housing for one or more electronic components stored within the housing 1210 of the WCD 1200, as will be described in greater detail below.
The internal housing 1212 can be formed of any material, such as a nonconductive material, a conductive material, a ferrous material and/or a nonferrous metal, composite material (e.g. carbon-fiber and/or glass fiber composite) a dielectric material, or a combination of any of the above. In one example, the material of the inner housing 1212 is conductive and nonferrous, such as aluminum, titanium, or stainless steel. In other examples, the internal housing can be formed of a polymer, such as plastic. The external potting 1214 can be formed of any material, solid or gelatinous, that can provide resistance to shock and/or vibration and can prevent moisture and/or debris from entering the housing 1210 of the WCD 1200, such as silicone, epoxy, polyester resin or any other polymer.
In one example, the external potting 1214 can be transparent. In this regard, the transparent external potting can allow electromagnetic radiation, such as visible, IR, or UV light sources from inside the housing 1210 to pass through the external potting 1214 without the need of a window or discontinuity in the external potting 1214 and without changing the optical properties of the radiation. In the same vein, electromagnetic radiation sources, such as visible, IR, or UV light, external to the housing can pass through the external potting 1214 and can be detected by, sensed by, or fall incident upon internal components of the WCD 1200 without the need for a window or discontinuity in the housing and without changing the optical properties of the radiation. In another example, the external potting 1214 can be tinted. The tint can be cosmetic and can prevent the internal components of the WCD to be visible by the user. In this regard, depending on the tint, optical properties of light passing therethough may be slightly changed. For example, certain colors of the light can be filtered and can result in decreased power transmission. The above description regarding external potting 1214 can be applied to any of the pottings described below.
The internal housing 1212 can define a window 1216. In one example, the internal housing is formed of a material that completely or partially prevents light (or other electromagnetic radiation) from passing through the internal housing 1212. In this regard, the internal housing 1212 can define the window 1216 to allow for such radiation to pass through the housing 1212. As shown, the window 1216 can be generally elliptical-shaped, but can be any other suitable shape according to other examples, such as rectangular, circular, ovular, etc. Since the window 116 is defined by the internal housing 1212, the window 1216 can face the finger of the user while the user is wearing the WCD 1200, which can provide many advantageous features and implementations, as will be described in greater detail below.
As shown, the PCB 1240 and the components 1230 can be disposed within the internal space 1220 generally defined by the internal surface 1220a and the flanges 1220b-c. The PCB 1240 can define one or more folding regions 1242 that allow the PCB 1240 to conform to the circumference and/or perimeter of the internal surface 1212a. The PCB 1240 can extend around at least a portion, or up to an entire circumference, of the internal surface 1212a. In one example, the size of the internal diameter d1 of the WCD can determine the portion of the internal surface 1212a around which the PCB 1240 extends. Illustratively, for a larger ring size and a larger internal diameter d1, the PCB 1240 can extend only a portion (an arc) of the overall circumference, while for smaller ring sizes a greater portion (arc) of the circumference can be employed to accommodate PCB 1240 and the internal components 1230. The adjacent portions of PCB can form an arc angle therebetween by virtue of the folding regions disposed therebetween, allowing for the PCB to be conform to the internal surface 1212a.
Illustratively, the external housing 1312 can be formed of the same materials as the internal housing 1212 described above, and the internal potting 1314 can be formed of the same materials as the external potting 1214 described above. As also described above, the internal potting 1314 can be transparent and the external housing 1312 can define one or more windows according to one or more aspects of the disclosure.
The stiffener element 1442 can be formed of any material, such as polyamide or thin FR4, depending on construction of the PCB 1440. In particular, the material of the stiffener can be chosen to be more or less flexible than the PCB 1440. In one example, the stiffener element 1442 can be a polyamide stiffener disposed on a back surface of a flexible PCB. In another example, the stiffener element 1442 can be FR4 and can be substantially flush with respect to the flanges 1412b-c. In this regard, the stiffener element can extend substantially the distance between flanges 1412b-c and may not deform upon insertion into the space 1420. The stiffener element can include surface features disposed on an edge thereof, with the edge facing one of the flanges 1412b-c. The surface features can include a sawtooth profile (e.g., intersecting straight lines at acute angles), or any other type of feature capable of providing an interference fit between flanges 1412b-c.
According to one aspect of the disclosure, the WCD can be charged by an external concentrated light source, e.g., laser light, laser diode, etc. In this regard, the photovoltaic device described above can include a concentrated photovoltaic element (CPV) that is constructed and arranged to receive concentrated light from the concentrated light source, e.g., laser light from a laser diode, light from a light emitting diode (LED), etc., and converting the received concentrated light into an electric current. The photovoltaic device can also generate power from nonconcentrated light sources, such as office lighting and ambient sunlight. The electric current can be used to charge one or more batteries stored within the housing of the WCD.
The base assembly 1750 can define a first opening 1752 at one portion thereof to allow the concentrated light 1780 to exit the housing of the base assembly 1750. As shown in the diagram of
The concentrated light source 1770, as described above, can be any type of light source that is arranged to generate concentrated light, such as an LED or a laser diode. The concentrated light can be any type of concentrated and/or coherent electromagnetic radiation, such as laser light and/or LED light. The concentrated light can have any desired intensity or wavelength, according to the characteristics of the CPV 1730.
In one example, the source 1770 can be a 200 mW laser diode that produces red or green laser light. This can generate approximately 80 mW (or typically less) of power in the WCD where the CPV 1730 includes a plurality of groups of photovoltaics configured in series or in parallel with one another. Each group of photovoltaics can include one or more CPV cells. In another example, the CPV can include a single group of photovoltaics.
The base assembly 1750 described above can include additional components that can interact with the WCD 1700. For example, the base assembly can include one or more antennas that can communicate according to one or more wireless protocols, such as 3G, 4G, WiFi, Bluetooth®, NFC, or the like, for direct or indirect wired or wireless communication with the WCD or mobile device. In addition to the charging methods above, the base assembly can employ inductive charging techniques.
The base assembly includes a first opening 1952 and the WCD includes a second opening 1912 to allow for concentrated light to fall incident upon the CPV 1930. In this example, the second opening is formed on an external housing portion of the WCD. In this arrangement, the base assembly can charge the WCD from an exterior of the WCD, rather than an internal charging method as identified above.
The WCD can include a ferrous or other suitable (e.g. ferromagnetic) material 1920, such as steel, disposed within the housing 1910. In this example, the ferrous material is disposed in a space defined between an internal housing and an external housing. The ferrous material can surround the CPV.
The base assembly can include corresponding magnets 1960 that can cause an attractive force between the WCD and the base assembly into an optimal configuration for charging. The magnets can be disposed within the base assembly and can surround the concentrated light source. The magnets 1960 can be formed of a rare earth material, such as neodymium or any other acceptable material that provides a requisite magnetic field strength.
In some examples, the WCD can be adapted to uniquely identify the wearer of the WCD using, for example biometric features unique to the user.
During the imaging process, the WCD 2100 can be rotated about an axis passing through the center of the finger space and along the longitudinal direction of the finger. In this regard, the imager 2120 can capture a larger swath of the skin surface than if the WCD 2100 were held stationary with respect to the finger during the imaging process.
At the time of first use, or any time thereafter, the user can generate a reference capillary map in order to identify himself/herself as the authorized user of the WCD. As described above, the user can rotate the WCD around the finger to capture image data of an analyzed section of skin 2192 and on or more capillaries 2194 of the user currently wearing the WCD. The image data can correspond to an overall analyzed section of the skin 2196 of the wearer. The image data of the capillaries can be used to generate a reference capillary map of the wearer, which can be stored in the memory, such as flash memory or EEPROM, of the WCD.
When the same user puts the WCD on his or her finger after generation of the reference capillary map, the WCD can capture image data of the wearer's skin surface that can be compared to the reference capillary map stored in the memory. In this regard, the user need not rotate the device around the finger. Instead, the WCD can compare a subset of the gathered image data to a corresponding subset of reference capillary map. If there a match, within a predetermine error tolerance, the WCD can uniquely identify the wearer as an authorized user of the WCD and as the unique individual who generated the reference capillary map. Once authorized, the wearer can have access to certain functions, features, data, or other content that is not otherwise available without authorization. In another example, the identification can be a step in a transaction or other type of authorization, such as an electronic payment, bank transaction, etc. If the gathered data does not match the reference capillary map, then the user may be prevented from accessing certain features on the WCD.
Illustratively, the comparison process between sensed capillaries and some or all of the capillary map can be implemented using basic pattern recognition algorithms (processes) instantiated in the electronics of the WCD. Such processes can rely on edge detection and similar techniques that should be clear to those of skill in the art and can be sourced from various commercial vendors of biometric recognition software.
In another example, the illumination can include NIR illumination and can project radiation into the skin of the finger. The reflected NIR illumination can then be analyzed to determine one or more characteristics of the blood, such as blood alcohol levels, blood glucose levels, and blood oxygenation levels. In this regard, the WCD analyzes the reflected radiation to identify wavelengths that were absorbed from the projected radiation by the blood of the user. Techniques and processed used in conjunction with commercially available venous oximeters (for example) can be employed to undertake certain readings.
The WCD can also serve as a monitor for those who are mobility impaired or who are prone to falls, such as disabled persons and/or retired persons. The accelerometer onboard the WCD detect a fall of the user via a sudden change in acceleration data. The WCD, in conjunction with a mobile device and/or one or more base stations positioned around the home of the user, can determine the position of the user within the house. For example, the mobile device can employ GPS capabilities, and either the mobile device or the base stations can use GPS in combination with WiFi signal strengths to determine the location of the user within the house. The WCD can then issue an alert, either directly on indirectly (via the mobile device or base station) to a third party that a fall has occurred. The alert can be a phone call, text message, e-mail, or any other type of communication. The third party can then take appropriate measures to aid the fallen user.
The WCD can also monitor heart rate and/or temperature, in addition to the other monitored characteristics described above. If any of the monitored characteristics is abnormal, e.g., measured parameters outside of a predetermined threshold range, an alert can be sent to a third party. In some examples, the third party can be a medical health professional, such as a doctor, nurse, caretaker, etc. It is noted that, for those embodiments which can function as a cardiac monitor (e.g., that measures electrocardiogram (EKG)), it can be necessary to establish a closed loop (e.g., for the electrical measurement of EKG) across the heart. As such, in some of those embodiments, a separate conductive pad or other skin-contacting structure/probe can be coupled to the WCD so that a user can pinch the pad with fingers on an opposite hand.
Since the WCD has the form factor of a ring, the WCD is designed to be worn over long periods of time by a user with little to no discomfort or interference. In this regard, the WCD can monitor the above-described, monitored characteristics over long periods of time (e.g. weeks, months, etc.), and determine trends in the data. For example, the WCD can measure heart rate over a long period of time and determine a unique resting heart rate for a user. If the user's heart rate deviates from the resting heart rate, the WCD can be arranged to issue an alert to a third party. In one specific example, the WCD can use appropriate processes to analyze both the trends of monitored characteristics, as well as current accelerometer data. In this way, if a person's heart rate deviates from a resting heart rate, but the accelerometer indicates that the user is exercising and/or engaging in strenuous activity that provides an equivalent workout, then the WCD may not issue an alert in this circumstance.
The WCD 2410 can include one or more temperature sensors. In one example, the WCD can include at least one internal facing temperature sensor 2410a and an at least one outward facing temperature sensor 2410b, as shown at
Based on the measured skin temperature and measured ambient temperature, the WCD can automatically adjust the thermostat 2420 to alter the ambient temperature of the room. In this regard, if a user's skin temperature is too high, the WCD can instruct the thermostat 2420 to lower the ambient temperature. Similarly, if the user's skin temperature is too cold, the WCD can instruct the thermostat 2420 to raise the temperature. The WCD 2410 can instruct the thermostat (and/or an HVAC controller) directly, e.g., via a direct wireless link 2415, or indirectly, e.g., via one or more of the mobile device 2440 and the access point 2430. The WCD can also use historic temperature data to develop trend temperature data.
In another example, the WCD can be part of a system 2400C for controlling home appliances. The system 2400C can include a WCD 2410C, one or more home appliances 2420C, and an access point 2430C. Such home appliances 2420C can include, for example, a television, lights, speakers, microwave, range, stove, oven, etc. Each of the home appliances can include an antenna that allows the respective home appliances to communicate wirelessly with one or more access points 2430C. In one example, the appliances can include a ScenSor DW1000 chip provided by DecaWave. In this way, the locations of the appliances in the room can be determined to an accuracy of approximately 10 cm. The location of the WCD 2410C can also be determined, using the above-referenced chip, or by using signal strengths of one or more base stations.
Having established the position of one or more home appliances and the user in a room, the user can make a gesture to control such home appliances 2420C. For example, the user can point at the TV (while wearing the WCD) in order to turn it on/off. Knowing the position of the user and the position of the TV, the direction of the gesture and the type of gesture can indicate what action to take on which device. The accelerometer and/or magnetometer on the WCD can be used to create a vector to the object to control, and a wireless packet can bet sent to a wireless access point to control the respective appliance.
As shown, the user 2500 is wearing a WCD 2510 and is approaching a locked door 2520 with an access node 2530 associated therewith. The access node 2530 can be a wireless access node of a conventional or custom arrangement, and can communicate wirelessly according to any type of wireless protocol, such as WiFi or Bluetooth. As the user approaches the door 2520, the WCD 2510 can initiate a communication link, e.g., Bluetooth or WiFi, with the access node 2530. In this way, the WCD and the access node can engage in one or more handshaking or query procedures to verify the WCD. For example, the access node 2530 can detect a MAC address, IP address, or other alphanumeric identifier associated with the WCD and compare it to a list of authorized users. Such network-based communication processes should also be clear to those of skill.
Once the MAC address or other identifier is verified, the user can engage in a pre-defined gesture 2550 to complete the authentication procedure. The gesture 2550 can be any type of hand and/or finger motion that can be performed by the user. In this regard, the accelerometer or magnetometer can detect the gesture 2550 performed by the user and provide the gesture information to the access node. If the provided gesture information corresponds with an authorized gesture stored at or accessible by the access node, then the user may be granted authorization and the door can be unlocked. The authorized gesture can be a general authorized gesture for all users, or can be a specific gesture authorized only for the particular MAC address.
In addition to a door, the method above can be use to gain access to other features, such as unlocking a mobile phone, unlocking a car door, starting a car. The authentication technique above is advantageous in that it can eliminate extraneous authentication devices, such as key fobs for a car, a door, keypads for entry control, etc., and can provide a secure two-factor authentication technique to avoid unwanted access. More generally any type of keyless entry system (e.g. a keypad, card-reader, keyless lock, etc.) can be equipped with appropriate communication interfaces (RF, IR, etc.) to communicate with the WCD and operate based on a gesture and/or proximity of the user using the techniques described above. The WCD can also be employed generally in this manner to activate or deactivate a residential or commercial alarm system—substituting, for example, for a key fob used for this purpose.
The integrated battery can be connected to an antenna 2640 disposed on or within the case 2620 that can emit an RF signal, as shown in the block diagram in
A single user can wear a first WCD 2800 on a first finger on a first hand and a second WCD 2810 on a second finger on a second hand. In this regard, the user can measure the relative distance between the first and second fingers using an RSSI via a wireless link 2830 between the WCDs 2800, 2810, such as a BLE connection. This can be used to measure an approximate dimension of an object held in both hands or to estimate a mid-air measurement.
In some examples, a first user can wear a first WCD 2800 and a second user can wear a second WCD 2810. The RSSI can be collected over a period of time and the processor can analyze the data to develop trends or statistics. For example, the RSSI data can indicate that the first and second users have spent a certain amount of time together and can serve as a relationship monitor.
The WCD can also detect when the first user and second user are holding hands.
At block 2910, the user can perform a first gesture. In this example, the user can perform a finger snap. At block 2920, WCD can register the gesture, via the accelerometer and/or the magnetometer. At block 2930, the accelerometer can send an interrupt signal to the processor. At block 2940, the processor can wake from a sleep or default system state. At block 2950, the processor can monitor the accelerometer for a second gesture, at which point the user can perform a second gesture. If the second gesture matches a gesture in the gesture command database, then the WCD can perform the associated command. If not, the WCD can return to the sleep state.
In some examples, the WCD can enable or disable NFC or change the functionality of a NFC device. For example, the WCD can itself engage in NFC with another computing device, or the WCD can be connected via wireless link to a computing device that engages in NFC with a different computing device. In certain existing NFC devices, NFC will connect and begin transmitting data as soon as it is queried. In the present example, NFC is enabled or begin transmitting data exclusively upon performing of a pre-determined gesture. However, a variety of other transmission processes can be implemented—for example a periodic chirp or handshake request by the WCD for communication with appropriate devices.
At block 3210, a NFC capable device is provided. The device can be any type of device, such as a laptop, tablet, mobile device, or dedicated NFC device.
At block 3220, the WCD initiates a connection with the NFC device. The connection can be a direct connection via NFC, or an indirection connection via an intermediate device. At this point, no data has yet been transmitted between the WCD and the NFC device.
At block 3230, a user performs a predetermined gesture that is registered by the WCD. The gesture can be any type of gesture, such as a point, a snap, waving the hand, etc.
At block 3240, data transmission begins between the NFC device and the WCD.
In other examples, the user can perform another gesture to cease NFC communication. The gesture can be the same gesture as described above or a different gesture. Additionally, the user can remove the ring to disable the NFC. Upon donning the ring the user will be prompted by the application on the mobile device to re-authenticate by entering a PIN, whereby the proper PIN results in re-enabling the NFC functionality.
In yet another example, the WCD device employing NFC can be configured on the fly to map to different data sets stored thereon. For example, the WCD device employing NFC can employ data thereon to make purchases, e.g., account information, data to access a building, e.g., a key fob, and data thereon to board public transportation, e.g., smart card, metro card, etc. A user can perform a predetermined different gesture for each of the above data sets to access the data. Once accessed, the WCD device employing NFC can initiate a link with another computing device to initiate a transaction, to open a door, or to board public transportation, etc.
The attachment frame 3320 is releasably attached to the WCD 3310. The optical element 3330 is itself releasably attachable to the attachment frame 3320. In this regard, the attachment frame 3320 provides an attachment interface between the WCD 3310 and the optical element 3330, thereby allowing the optical element 3330 to be at a fixed position in space with respect to the WCD 3310 or any portion thereof. The attachment frame 3320 can be made of any material, such as a metal, polymer, etc. Any type of polymer can be used, such as thermosetting plastics, thermoplastics, PETE, polycarbonate, polyethylene, LDPE, or any other type of plastic.
The attachment frame can be sized and shaped to fit along the curved surface of the WCD. For example, the attachment frame can have a curved undersurface to allow a flush fit with the curved surface of the WCD. The attachment frame can have any shape, size, or radius of curvature depending on the size and shape of the WCD.
The attachment frame 3320 includes a first retaining a portion 3322 and a pair of second retaining portions 3324. The first retaining portion 3322 defines a conical recess 3322a configured to receive the optical element 3330, and provides a generally unoccluded pathway for light to pass through the optical element and onto the WCD. Although depicted as defining a conical or frustoconical shape, the recess 3322a can be any other shape depending on the shape of the optical element 3330. Each of the second retaining portions 3324 includes a respective locking feature 3324a. The respective locking features 3324 and a extend from the second it retaining portion 3324 toward one another such that a distance between the respective locking features is greater than a distance between the remaining portions of the second retaining portions. As shown in
The optical element 3330 can be made of any material capable of modifying, e.g., focusing, incident electromagnetic radiation, such as visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, or any other type of electromagnetic radiation. In some examples, the optical element 3330 can be constructed from a polymer, such as any of the polymers identified above. In another example, the optical element can be made of glass, quartz, diamond, zirconium, or any other material capable of focusing light. More generally, the optical element 3330 is formed with a general outward appearance simulative of a faceted jewel with an appropriate tint or coloration (including clear/white). The term “jewel” can also be used in the alternative to describe the optical element 3330 herein.
The WCD can include CPV cell 3312 that can be disposed directly underneath the attachment frame 3320 and optical element 3330 when assembled. In other examples, the CPV can be positioned within the housing and can receive electromagnetic radiation via a transparent potting material. In this regard, incident light striking the optical element 3330 can be focused on to the CPV cell to allow for charging of the internal battery of the WCD. The optical element 3330 provides an increased charging efficiency when compared to the CPV exclusively receiving ambient light, since the ambient light is collected/gathered from a wider field, and then focused onto the CPV by the optical element 3330. In one example, a focal length of the optical element 3330 is different than a distance between the optical element and the CPV. For example, the focal length can be greater than or less than the distance between the optical element and the CPV. This can be advantageous in various aspects of the disclosure so as to avoid the light from focusing at a focal point directly on the CPV, which could cause damage to the CPV itself by over-concentrating the light at that single point of the overall CPV surface.
The lid 3510 can be cuboidal in external dimensions, or define any other type of geometric shape that allows sufficient internal volume to contain the WCD. For example a custom design shape (polyhedral, etc.) can be employed. In this example, the top portion 3510 is substantially cuboidal as shown, including rounded edges rather than vertices. The lid can be substantially transparent to allow viewing of the WCD while enclosed therein, and can be made of any type of material, such as a polymer, glass, etc. The lid can also be mounted with pins on a hinge.
The base 3520 can be cuboidal, or any other type of geometric shape. In this example, the bottom portion is substantially cuboidal, including rounded edges rather than vertices as shown. The bottom portion can be made of any material and can be transparent or opaque.
The base 3520 can define a receptacle 3524 for receiving the WCD 3505. The receptacle 3524 can be sized and shaped to receive the WCD 3505 and in this example is semicylindrical, e.g., a portion of a cylinder. The radius of the semicylinder can be slightly larger than a radius of the WCD in order to accommodate the WCD securely. The receptacle can lined with a soft material to allow for a soft, safe material to receive the WCD, such as a silicone, thermoplastic, fabric, felt, or other material.
At block 3720, a first image is taken of the user's hand from a first perspective. The image can be taken by any type of imaging apparatus, such as a CCD or CMOS camera, a digital camera, a camera associated with a mobile phone, etc. The first image can be stored in a memory.
At block 3730, a second image is taken of the user's hand at a second perspective. In this regard, the second perspective is different from the first perspective so as to provide a distinct view in the second image of the user's hand. Block 3730 can be repeated any number of times. For example, a third image can be taken of the user's hand at a third perspective. In this regard, the third perspective is different from both the first and second perspectives so as to provide a distinct view in the third image of the user's hand, and so on.
At block 3740, a size of the user's finger can be derived from the plurality of images taken above. In some examples, as few as two images may be required, while in other scenarios, more than three images may be required, depending on a number of circumstances including image quality, selected perspectives, etc. The size can be derived from the plurality of images by any number of techniques, such as stitching the plurality of images together to generate a 3D typography of the fingers, then using photogrammetry algorithms to identify features on the fingers to determine the appropriate ring size. Furthermore, the touch screen of the smart phone can be used to measure the hardness of tissue by measuring the footprint/impression the fingers make while pressing a finger against the touch screen of a mobile phone.
Any of the tools 3900, 4000, or 4100 can be provided to a user prior to purchase of the ring in order to obtain accurate sizing information prior to purchase. The tools include holes, as shown above, that can come in a plurality of predetermined finger sizes to allow a user to match his or her finger size with the tool. The best match, e.g., closest size that ensures a comfortable fit, can be identified using the tools. Alternatively, the tools can be provided at retail locations to size the finger of the user on site prior to purchase. More generally, a variety of other sizing techniques, such as those employed by conventional jewelers can be employed according to further aspects of the disclosure.
In another embodiment, a packaging or enclosure of the WCD can include a sizing diagram or interface embodied therein to allow a user to size a finger during the purchase process.
At block 4210, a user can don or place the WCD onto the finger to secure it in the wearing position.
At block 4220, a user can perform any number of daily activities, such as running on a treadmill, walking, exercising, typing, etc.
At block 4230, the WCD, contemporaneous with block 3220, can use one or more sensors to sense the activities of the user. For example, the sensors can detect location, speed, acceleration, orientation, heart rate, etc.
At block 4240, the WCD, or another computing device, can generate an entry in an activity log at the conclusion of a detected activity. If the activity detected by the sensors has a profile that has not yet been identified, the WCD can prompt the user to identify the activity. For example, the user can identify profiles such as “Run in Central Park,” “Typing,” “Run on Treadmill,” etc. The WCD can associate the identity provided by the user with the activity profile identified by the sensors and store the identified activity in the WCD memory, or any other memory. Later, if the user performs the same activity and the WCD detects the activity profile as being similar to a saved activity, the WCD can identify the activity while the user is performing the activity and save the activity in the activity log. Each of the activities performed can be saved in the overall activity log and can be stored in a memory on the WCD, or other device, for later viewing.
At block 4320, one or more light sensors on board the WCD can detect surrounding ambient light. Such light sensors could include, for example, a CPV or other light sensitive element.
At block 4330, one or more additional measurements maybe made. Such additional measurements can include, for example, an ambient temperature measurement and or a proximity measurement, e.g., detecting proximity of an object to the WCD via reflected electromagnetic radiation in the form of IR light.
At block 4340, a measured ambient temperature and ambient light measurements are compared to predetermined thresholds. If the ambient temperature measurement is above a certain predetermined temperature threshold and the ambient light measurement is below a certain threshold, it can be determined that the user is wearing a glove over the WCD.
At block 4350, a measured proximity and ambient light measurements are compared to respective predetermined thresholds. If the proximity measurement is below a certain distance threshold (e.g., determines an item is in close proximity to the WCD) and the ambient light measurement is below threshold, it can determined that the user is wearing a glove over the WCD. In any of the above examples, an intensity of LED indicators of the WCD can be adjusted according to a detected ambient light using an appropriate algorithm or process that compares the ambient light to a scale and adjusts a desired driving current/voltage for the LEDs according to a predetermined formula (e.g. a proportional adjustment using an adjustment coefficient) or scale (e.g. a lookup table). For example, where there is abundant ambient light (e.g., detected ambient light above a predetermined threshold), the intensity of the LED indicators can be increased. In the same way, where there is little ambient light (detected ambient light below a predetermined threshold), the intensity of the LED indicators can be decreased.
In one example, the WCD can detect whether it is removed and or installed on the finger of the user. In this regard, as mentioned above, the WCD can have inward-facing light sensors, CPV, or temperature sensors. When a user installs a ring on his finger the measure of ambient light may decrease or the temperature may increase. Such changes in ambient light and/or temperature can be detected by one or more sensors onboard the WCD and a determination can be made that the user has removed and or installed the ring on his finger.
A top surface 4520a of the TCD can include a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) layer 4522 to allow for adhesion of the TCD to the under surface of the timepiece 4510. The TCD 4520 can have a radius or circumference that does not exceed radius or circumference of the face of the conventional timepiece so as not to be seen when a user is wearing the timepiece system 4500. The TCD can enhance the conventional timepiece with many of the features described above with respect to the WCD such as, heart rate sensing, temperature sensing pedometer, activity sensing, gesture sensing and control, without having to alter the look of the conventional timepiece.
As shown, the TCD can include a light pipe 4524 around the perimeter thereof. The lightpipe 4524 can be substantially annular in shape and can be formed in part by the overmold of the TCD. The lightpipe can be constructed from a conventional transparent or translucent moldable material (e.g. acrylic, polycarbonate, etc), and can be arranged to focus ambient light onto a CPV disposed onboard the TCD for additional charging capability. The optical arrangement/geometry of the light pipe can be implemented using skill in the art to achieve the desired optical characteristics. In another example, excess heat generated by the TCD or excess body heat emitted from the skin of the user can be converted to electrical energy via a thermoelectric (TEG) module, such as a Peltier module, disposed onboard the TCD.
The TCD can also include any number of CPV cells, either on a top surface or bottom surface, to allow for charging. For example, a CPV cell can be placed on the underside of the TCD to allow for docking with a charging/docking station.
At block 4710C, and as shown at process block 4710B, the user is authenticated with respect to the WCD. In this regard, a single user can be associated with a single WCD and can be associated with a predetermine identifier, such as an alphanumeric number. If the user is not authenticated or the authentication process is not conclusive, the WCD may invite the user to retry authentication at block 4715C until the user is successfully authenticated. In some examples, the WCD may timeout the authentication process, lock the WCD, or place the WCD in safe mode in the event of too many unsuccessful authentication attempts as a security measure.
The user can be authenticated according to any of the authentication methods described in the present application, such as via a unique capillary map, a unique ECG profile, etc.
If the user is authenticated, biometric data can be transmitted to the server at block 4720C. The captured biometric data 4720B can be transmitted to the server via network 4720A, 47222B
Once received at the server, the biometric data can be aggregated, sorted, categorized, or profiled at block 4730C and as shown at process block 4730B. In this regard, a profile (corresponding to the alphanumeric identifier) may be created at a database at the server that stores data for a particular user. The profile can store transmitted biometric data, as well as other data, such as user gender, height, weight, age, family history, disease information, location, etc.
In some examples, identifying information may be removed from the data and/or not transmitted to allow for anonymity and/or to comply with regulations regarding transmission of medical data. The transmitted biometric data can be normalized in order to comply with predetermined data requirements in order to be added to the profile. In one example, a minimum amount of data may be required in order to be considered viable for association with the profile. The biometric data of a single profile can be aggregated, or in other examples multiple profiles can be aggregated simultaneously.
Aggregation of the user's biometric data into a single profile allows for the profile to be visualized or analyzed according to any number of methods. For example, a timeline can be created showing biometric data over a period of time. The data can also be synthesized or analyzed to calculate trend data, or other mathematical features.
Although only one WCD is depicted, it is contemplated that a plurality of WCDs can exist, with each WCD corresponding to a distinct user (and distinct alphanumeric identifier) and therefore resulting in a plurality of distinct profiles at the server. Accordingly, each of the distinct users/WCDs may be authenticated separately according to the methods described herein.
At block 4740C, once the transmitted data has been associated with the user profile, the updated profile can be correlated with one or more other profiles stored at the server as shown as process block 4740B. The profiles may be correlated according to any number of correlation standards, such as correlating users with similar traits such as age, gender, location, profession, or by any other data stored at the server. In some examples, one or more of the traits can be used to make such a correlation. The biometric data from the one or more users that are correlated with one another can be combined to form a group profile. The group profile can be the aggregation, average, range, or sum of individual profiles that form the group profile. For example, for a particular group profile, a range of resting heart can be generated by taking the maximum and minimum values of resting heart from the individual profiles. In other examples, an average (and standard deviation or standard deviation of the mean) can be generated for each trait, such as average resting heart rate, average active heart rate, average blood pressure, average blood sugar, average skin temperature, ECG profiles, as well as any other features capable of being detected by the WCD as described above.
At block 4750C, transmitted biometric data can be compared to the established values from the group profile. In this way, if a user's heart rate deviates by a predetermined threshold (such as by predetermined magnitude or standard deviation), an alert can be generated at process block 4750B. The comparison process can occur at the server after transmission of the biometric data. In another example, the group profile data can be transmitted to the WCD for comparison at the WCD. This advantageously allows the comparison to be made where the WCD cannot establish a network link. The group profile can be updated on a continuous basis or a predetermined time interval or at each transmission of biometric data.
At block 4760C, the alert is transmitted to the WCD and displayed to the user at process block 4760B. The alert can indicate that the user's biometric data has deviated from the profile group and may advise the user to seek medical attention. In another example, the server can directly contact a medical health professional. In the example where block 4750C occurs at the WCD, transmission of alert information from the server may not be necessary.
The alert at the WCD can be any type of audio or visual indicator, such as an LED, haptic feedback, audible alarm, etc. The indicator may also invite the user to rest, make an appointment with a medical health professional, recommend a particular medication, or suggest certain physical activities that may health condition that caused the alert.
As shown in
At block 4810A, one or more sensors of the WCD may take one or more measurements. For example, the WCD can detect temperature, heart rate, acceleration, as described above.
At block 4820A, the WCD can calculate an activity level of a user. For example, the WCD can compare to a number of stored activity profiles (as described above) stored by the user, or can compare the sensor measurements to sensor threshold values corresponding to different activities, such as sitting, running, sleeping etc. In one example, the WCD detect acceleration values over time to generate an activity level for a particular time period.
At block 4830A, the WCD may compare the identified activity level to a predetermine activity threshold value. In one example, the WCD may categorize the detected activity as either a high level activity or a low level activity. High level activities can include running, swimming, biking etc., while low level activities may include sitting, standing still, or sleeping.
At block 4840A, the WCD can set a first sample rate for high level activities and at block 4850A, the WCD can set a second sample rate for low level activities. The first sample rate can be a shorter time interval than the second sample rate, resulting in more data being detected and generated during a set amount of time while the user is active. This allows for increased power efficiency of the WCD while also providing the advantage of generating more data when a user is more active, thereby providing added biometric data for later analysis.
In another example, the sample rate can be scaled according to activity level. For example, the sample rate can be scaled to be directly proportional to heart rate. This results in a shorter time interval for sampling (more frequent data gather) for running than for walking.
As activity level changes, the method above can be repeated a plurality of times at certain intervals in order to quick or abrupt activity changes.
c are graphs depicting one or more aspects of the sample method of
The machine may be a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further, while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.
The example computer system includes a processor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), or any combination of these), a main memory, and a non-volatile memory, which are configured to communicate with each other via a bus. The computer system may further include graphics display unit (e.g., a plasma display panel (PDP), a liquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)). The computer system may also include alphanumeric input device (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device (e.g., a mouse, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, a touch screen, or other pointing instrument), a storage unit, a signal generation device (e.g., a speaker), and a network interface device, which also are configured to communicate via the bus.
The storage unit includes a non-transitory machine-readable medium on which is stored instructions embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory or within the processor (e.g., within a processor's cache memory) during execution thereof by the computer system, the main memory and the processor also constituting machine-readable media. The instructions may be transmitted or received over a network via the network interface device.
While machine-readable medium is shown in an example embodiment to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, or associated caches and servers) able to store instructions. The term “machine-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing instructions for execution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies disclosed herein. The term “machine-readable medium” includes, but not be limited to, data repositories in the form of solid-state memories, optical media, magnetic media, or other non-transitory machine readable medium.
It should be clear that the WCD and TCD arrangements described according to various aspects of the disclosure provide a highly versatile and useful item of wearable electronics that is comfortable and convenient to wear, conveniently charged, and weatherproof for all-purpose and all-condition wearing. Various options for style and appearance can be implemented, as well as a variety of storage options. The functions and structure of the device lend themselves to both a ring version and a wrist-worn version. All versions are designed for long-life with minimal maintenance, and are adaptable to interoperate with a variety of networked devices including computers, smartphones, home controllers, security systems, and virtually any other device capable of communicating over a wireless link—including another WCD or TCD.
The foregoing has been a detailed description of illustrative embodiments of the invention. Various modifications and additions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. Features of each of the various embodiments described above may be combined with features of other described embodiments as appropriate in order to provide a multiplicity of feature combinations in associated new embodiments. Furthermore, while the foregoing describes a number of separate embodiments of the apparatus and method of the present invention, what has been described herein is merely illustrative of the application of the principles of the present invention. For example, as used herein various directional and orientational terms such as “vertical”, “horizontal”, “up”, “down”, “bottom”, “top”, “side”, “front”, “rear”, “left”, “right”, and the like, are used only as relative conventions and not as absolute orientations with respect to a fixed coordinate system, such as the acting direction of gravity. Note also, as used herein the terms “process” and/or “processor” should be taken broadly to include a variety of electronic hardware and/or software based functions and components. Moreover, a depicted process or processor can be combined with other processes and/or processors or divided into various sub-processes or processors. Such sub-processes and/or sub-processors can be variously combined according to embodiments herein. Likewise, it is expressly contemplated that any function, process, application, and/or processor here herein can be implemented using electronic hardware, software consisting of a non-transitory computer-readable medium of program instructions, or a combination of hardware and software. Also, while a variety of visible and near-visible radiation sources are described as LEDs, it is expressly contemplated that other types of sources can be employed according to aspects of the disclosure—for example plasma discharge sources and bioluminescent sources, as well as sources that are based upon developing technologies. Electronic circuits and RF components can similarly be based on alternate and/or developing technologies. Accordingly, this description is meant to be taken only by way of example, and not to otherwise limit the scope of this invention.
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/556,062, filed Nov. 28, 2014, entitled WEARABLE COMPUTING DEVICE, the entire disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/006,835, filed Jun. 2, 2014, entitled WEARABLE COMPUTING DEVICE and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/910,201, filed Nov. 29, 2013, entitled FINGER RING DEVICE FOR ACTIVITY MONITORING OR FESTURAL INPUT, the entire disclosures of each of which applications is herein incorporated by reference.
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