Patent Grant
11992116
The described embodiments relate generally to a wirelessly locatable tag.
Electronic devices like mobile phones and portable computers are used extensively around the world. Traditionally, a geographic location of an electronic device may be determined using a global positioning system (GPS) or other locating system or technique. However, it may be difficult to locate personal property that is not an electronic device or to locate electronic devices that lack a GPS. The systems and techniques described herein are generally directed to a wirelessly locatable tag that may be used to determine the location of electronic devices or other personal property or objects.
A wearable electronic device includes a watch body including a touch-sensitive display configured to receive a first input and a first wireless circuit configured to receive a wireless input signal. The wearable electronic device further includes a band coupled to the watch body and configured to attach the watch body to a user and a wireless module coupled to the band and including an input device configured to receive a second input and a second wireless circuit configured to transmit the wireless input signal to the first wireless circuit in response to receiving the second input.
The wireless module may further include a battery operably coupled to the second wireless circuit and a charging coil operably coupled to the battery and configured to receive wireless power from an external device. The input device may further include a tactile dome switch, the tactile dome switch may be configured to collapse in response to the second input, and the wireless input signal may be transmitted in response to the collapse of the tactile dome switch. The band may define an opening, the wireless module may include an enclosure that is positioned at least partially within the opening, the battery and the charging coil may be positioned within the enclosure, the band may include an outer layer that defines an exterior surface of the band, the tactile dome switch may be located remote from the enclosure of the wireless module, the tactile dome switch may be positioned below the outer layer of the band, and a flexible circuit may extend along a length of the band and electrically couples the tactile dome switch to the second wireless circuit.
The wireless module may be configured to transmit a wireless beacon signal to an external device and a public encryption key to the external device. The external device may be configured to determine a location of the wireless module based at least in part the wireless beacon signal, prepare an encrypted location report using the public encryption key, the encrypted location report including the location of the wireless module, and wirelessly transmit the encrypted location report to a remote server.
The input device may include a capacitive touch sensor, the second input may be a touch input, and the capacitive touch sensor may be configured to detect the touch input along an exterior surface of the wireless module. The capacitive touch sensor may include an array of capacitive nodes, the touch input may be a gesture touch input, and the array of capacitive nodes may be configured to detect the gesture touch input. The touch-sensitive display may be configured to scroll a list of items displayed on the touch-sensitive display in response to the gesture touch input provided to the wireless module.
A system may include an electronic device including a housing, a touch-sensitive display configured to receive a first input, and a first wireless circuit configured to receive a wireless input signal. The system may further include an accessory coupled to the housing and including a wireless module coupled to the accessory The wireless module may include an input device that is configured to receive a second input, and a second wireless circuit configured to transmit the wireless input signal to the first wireless circuit of the electronic device, in response to receiving the second input.
The system may be an electronic watch, the electronic device may be a watch body, and the accessory may be a band that is configured to attach the watch body to a wrist. The band may define an opening, and the wireless module may include an enclosure including an upper housing defining an upper flange and a lower housing defining a lower flange. The enclosure of the wireless module may be positioned in the opening, and the upper flange and the lower flange may engage a portion of the band surrounding the opening.
The band may define an opening, the wireless module may be positioned in the opening, the wireless module may include an enclosure, the enclosure may include an upper housing and a lower housing, and the upper housing may define a portion of a clasp for the band.
The band may define an opening, the wireless module may be positioned in the opening, and the wireless module may further include a battery operably coupled to the second wireless circuit, a charging coil operably coupled to the battery and configured to receive wireless power from an external charging device, and a magnetic element that is configured to couple the wireless module to the external charging device.
The wireless module may further include a near-field communication (NFC) antenna that is configured to wirelessly couple with a separate device that is proximate to the wireless module, and the NFC antenna may be integrated with a wireless charging coil.
The wireless module may further include a speaker, the first wireless circuit may be configured to transmit a wireless output signal that is received by the second wireless circuit, and in response to receiving the wireless output signal, the wireless module may be configured to produce an audible output using the speaker.
The electronic device may be a tablet computing system, and the accessory may be a protective case for the tablet computing system.
A wireless module may be configured to be integrated with a watch having a touch-sensitive display and a first wireless circuit. The wireless module may include an enclosure configured to be inserted in an opening of a watch band of the watch, a battery positioned within the enclosure, a wireless charging coil positioned within the enclosure and operably coupled to the battery, an input device that is configured to receive an input, and a second wireless circuit configured to transmit a wireless input signal to the first wireless circuit of the watch in response to receiving the input.
The enclosure may include an upper flange and a lower flange that are configured to engage a portion of the watch band that surrounds the opening. The watch may include a watch body comprising a watch battery and a watch wireless charging coil operably coupled to the watch battery. The touch-sensitive display may be configured to receive a touch input, and the first wireless circuit may be configured to receive the wireless input signal.
The second wireless circuit may be configured to transmit a UWB beacon signal to an external device, and the wireless module may be configured to estimate a distance between the wireless module and the external device based on a transmission time of the UWB signal. The wireless module may be configured to transmit a public encryption key to the external device, and the external device may be configured to determine a location of the wireless module based at least in part the UWB wireless beacon signal, prepare an encrypted data item using the public encryption key, the encrypted data item including the location of the wireless module, and wirelessly transmit the encrypted data item to a remote server.
The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which:
Reference will now be made in detail to representative embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following description is not intended to limit the embodiments to one preferred embodiment. To the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims.
The embodiments herein are generally directed to a device, such as a small, battery-powered tag, puck, or other object of convenient size and shape, that can be physically and/or geographically located using wireless communications systems and techniques. For example, a tag may include an antenna that emits a wireless signal or beacon that is detectable by another electronic device such as a smartphone. Using the detected wireless signal (and using localization techniques such as time of flight, received signal strength indication, triangulation, etc.), the smartphone may be able to determine the position of the tag relative to the smartphone, and, using an absolute location of the smartphone from a GPS, the absolute location of the tag as well. The embodiments herein also relate to the overall network environment that includes (or is defined by) the tags, smartphones, computers, and other devices, and that facilitates the locating of tags as well as numerous other features and functions.
Knowing the location of a tag enables a wide range of location-based use cases. For example, the tag may be used to track the location of a portable object such as a set of physical keys, a purse, backpack, article of clothing, or other suitable object or item of personal property. Thus, if the portable object becomes lost or misplaced, a user may be able to find the object using his or her smartphone, tablet, or other suitable device. A tag may also be used to trigger some action on a computing device (e.g., a smartphone) when the device is within a certain proximity and/or orientation relative to the tag. For example, a tag may be positioned in a lobby of a building so that when individuals enter the lobby, their smartphone may detect that it is within a threshold distance of that tag, which in turn causes a map of the building to automatically be displayed on the smartphone. Notably, the devices and techniques described herein allow distance, position, location, and/or orientation determinations with a high degree of accuracy. For example, a smartphone may be capable of determining the location of a tag to an accuracy within three feet, and even to within one foot or less.
As described herein, a tag used for tracking physical objects may be a small, conveniently shaped device that can be attached to objects, such as keys, purses, or wallets, to help an owner find lost, misplaced, or stolen objects. The tag may feature a robust structural design that ensures reliable use through a variety of conditions and environments. For example, the tag may be waterproof or at least splash-proof, and may be capable of withstanding impacts, drop events, or other general trauma resulting from normal use of the tag. In part, the ruggedness of the tag may be facilitated by the absence of some types of components, such as glass covers, displays, openings in the housing, external moving parts, and the like.
The tag may include a battery, sensors, a wireless communication system, and one or more output devices that can produce audible and/or haptic outputs. Localization functions may be provided by the wireless communication system, and in particular, by the tag sending wireless signals to other devices (e.g., smartphones, tablet computers, etc.) that analyze the wireless signals to determine the distance, position, location, and/or orientation of the tag with a high degree of accuracy. As used herein, localization refers to determining one or more spatial parameters of a tag or other wirelessly locatable device. Spatial parameters include parameters of an object that define an aspect of its distance, position, location, and/or orientation in absolute space or relative to another object. For example, spatial parameters may include parameters such as a distance between objects, a location in a particular geography (e.g., latitude and longitude coordinates), a unit vector pointing from one object to another object, an orientation (also referred to as an angular position or attitude) of an object in three-dimensional space, or the like.
The output devices of a tag may also help a user find a lost tag by emitting sounds and/or haptic outputs. The tag may also include input devices that allow users to control or change the tag's operations. Further, the tag may have a shape and form factor that allows the tag to be easily attached to a user's property (or to a tag retainer or accessory).
As described herein, the tag may operate in any of multiple modes. In a normal operational mode, for example, the tag may conserve power and establish momentary or intermittent communications with one or more other devices (e.g., by sending a wireless beacon signal). The communications may function to confirm the location and may exchange some information about the state or location of the tag. In this way, the tag can essentially periodically update other devices (e.g., a user's smartphone) with its location and/or status. In some cases, the intermittent communications from the tag may be one-way communications, such as sending a wireless signal for other devices to receive, but not receiving any information from the other devices.
The tag may also operate in a lost mode. The lost mode may be triggered in response to an unexpected loss of communication between the tag and one or more other devices (e.g., the user's smartphone), which may indicate that the tag is no longer in the personal possession or immediate vicinity of the user. The lost mode may also be triggered by a user reporting the tag as lost to a host system or service. As described herein, when the tag is in a lost mode, the tag may be adapted to use third-party devices (e.g., devices of individuals other than the tag's owner) in order to relay information back to the user. When third-party devices are used to relay information between the tag and a user, the communications may use secured and/or encrypted communications to help ensure the privacy and security of the user.
In some cases, third-party devices that are transiently located proximate to the tag may operate as a mesh network or ad-hoc network to relay information back to the user. The information sent to or otherwise made available to the user may include encrypted data that includes an estimated location of the tag and/or one or more of the third-party devices. The secured communications may be decrypted by the user in a way that maintains the anonymity of the various third-party devices, while also allowing the user to locate the tag using the location data generated by the third-party devices.
While the foregoing examples primarily describe a tag communicating with a smartphone to allow the smartphone to determine the location of the tag, this is merely one example use case. More broadly, a tag's position, location, orientation, or other spatial parameter may be determinable by any device that is configured to communicate with the tag. Example devices include smartphones, tablets, laptop computers, wireless routers, desktop computing devices, home automation systems, or the like. In some cases, an environment, such as a user's home, may include multiple of these devices, and each device may communicate with the tag and determine the tag's location and/or maintain a record of the tag's location (or other spatial parameter such as orientation). Moreover, as described herein, these devices may update a server or other database with the tag's location. This may improve the ability to locate a lost tag, as a user may be able to determine the location of the tag by querying the server or database, even if the user is out of range of the tag. For example, if a user left her keys at home, a desktop computer at the user's home may have been periodically communicating with (or otherwise receiving signals from) a tag attached to the keys and updating a server with the location of the tag. The user can then simply request the current location of the tag from the server, even if she is miles away and unable to directly communicate with the tag with her smartphone. Further example use cases and device details are described herein. Outside of the user's home environment, other devices not associated with the user (e.g., other people's smartphones) may communicate with the tag (or otherwise receive signals from the tag) to securely and anonymously update the server with the location of the tag. For example, outside of the user's home environment there may be hundreds of thousands or even millions of devices that can securely and anonymously report the locations of tags. Any of these numerous devices that are close enough to a tag to receive signals or communicate with the tag (e.g., via Bluetooth) may securely and anonymously update the server with the tag's location. In this way, the multitude of devices that can communicate with or receive signals from a tag form a robust, multi-redundant device-location relay network that can continuously (and privately) monitor and update the locations of many individual tags.
Because the device-location relay network facilitates determining the locations of a user's devices, maintaining security and privacy of the user's location and other information is of the utmost importance. Accordingly, encryption and anonymization schemes may be used to secure data and prevent access to location data by devices or individuals that are not authorized to do so. In this way, location information may be securely handled by the device-location relay network without exposing location data or other potentially sensitive or private data associated with the various devices in the network. For example, devices, such as smartphones, may execute software that facilitates the sending and receiving of encrypted location reports to and from the cloud-based service, and allows users to see the locations of other devices in the network (if they are authorized to do so). The cloud-based service may also facilitate the passing of encryption keys (e.g., public keys) between various devices to allow users of those devices to securely share their (or their devices') location without the risk of unauthorized users (including the cloud-service itself) having access to location information of a user's device.
Returning to
One or more of the devices 102 may be associated with the owner of the tag. For example, one or more of the devices 102 may be the tag owner's phone, digital assistant, laptop or desktop computer, tablet computer, or the like. In such cases, the devices 102 associated with the same user or owner as the tag 100 may directly display the location of the tag 100 to a user. In other cases, such as where the tag 100 (or an object to which the tag is attached) is lost or misplaced outside of the user's home, the devices 102 may be or include other devices that are not owned or controlled by the user. For example, such devices may include any device that receives signals from the tag or establishes some form of wireless communication with the tag, and can also communicate with a server 104 (or any device associated with a network-accessible service) to report an encrypted, anonymized report that includes the location of the tag. Such devices may include phones, tablet computers, watches, or laptop computers of individuals who have no relationship to the tag's owner. As used herein, an “owner” of a tag refers to an individual or entity that controls, manages, supervises, operates, leases, owns, or otherwise exercises authority over a tag, and is not necessarily limited to an individual with legal ownership of the tag.
The tag itself may not be able to communicate directly to the server 104 to report its location, and indeed, it may not even be aware of its location, as it may lack a GPS or other system for independently determining its own absolute location. Devices that communicate with the tag 100, however, may be able to communicate to the server 104 to report the location of the tag 100. For example, devices such as phones, computers, and tablets may communicate with or otherwise detect the presence of a tag, and those devices may report, on an anonymous basis, the tag's location (and optionally an identifier of the tag and any other information, such as the time) to the server 104 (e.g., via a network 101). In addition to devices 102 reporting the locations of tags, the devices 102 themselves may act as tags and report their own locations to the server 104, and may report the locations of other devices 102 to the server 104 as well.
While
In some cases, the devices use their own locations as estimated locations of the tag. For example, if the device is able to connect to the tag via Bluetooth, it may be assumed that the tag is within about 30 feet of the device (or another distance, depending on the parameters of the Bluetooth communication). Thus, for example, the device may report the tag's location as an area centered about the user's device and having a radius that corresponds to the estimated range of the wireless communication protocol used to communicate to the tag. In other cases, the device may determine or estimate the location of the tag with greater accuracy. For example, the device may use time of flight (TOF), angle of arrival (AOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA) received signal strength indication (RSSI), triangulation, synthetic aperture, and/or any other suitable technique, to determine a location of the tag relative to the user's device. These localization techniques may use ultra-wideband signals from the tag, which may allow the device to locate the tag with a high degree of accuracy (e.g., to within one foot of the tag's actual location). Techniques for determining the spatial parameters of a tag, such as a distance between a tag and another device, a position of the tag relative to another device, a location of the tag, and an orientation of the tag, are described in greater detail with respect to
The location reports sent from the devices that detect the presence of a tag may be encrypted using a public-private key encryption scheme (shown, for example, in
An owner of the lost tag may query the server 104, using the public key, for any location reports encrypted using that public key (e.g., via a network 103, which may be the same network as the network 101 or a different network). If there are location reports associated with the public key, the owner may receive the encrypted location reports and use a private key to decrypt the location reports to determine the location (or estimated location) of the tag (
The tag may communicate with nearby devices by sending a periodic wireless beacon signal. The wireless beacon signal, which may be transmitted using a Bluetooth communication protocol, ultra-wideband communication protocol, or any other suitable protocol, may be detectable by any device that is monitoring that protocol (e.g., receiving communications via that protocol). The wireless beacon signal, also referred to herein simply as a “beacon signal” or “beacon,” may be transmitted at any suitable frequency, and the particular frequency may depend at least in part on a mode of the tag. For example, when the tag is in an initialization mode or pairing mode, the beacon may be transmitted at a first frequency; when the tag is in a lost mode (e.g., it has been reported to the device-location relay network as being lost, and that status has been provided to the tag), the beacon may be transmitted at a second frequency; and when the tag is in a normal or non-lost mode, the beacon may be transmitted at a third frequency. In some cases, the first frequency is greater than the second frequency, and the second frequency is greater than the third frequency. In other cases, the first and second frequencies are substantially equal, but are greater than the third frequency. As one specific example, the first frequency may be one beacon signal per second (or more frequent), the second frequency may be between one beacon signal per minute and one beacon signal per second, and the third frequency may be one beacon signal per minute (or less frequent). As used herein, a beacon signal may correspond to an advertising packet of a suitable communications protocol, or any other suitable wireless data transmission packet or signal.
The beacon may include the public key of the tag and optionally other information such as a tag identifier, a last reported location, a time since a last direct connection to another device, or the like. In some cases, the beacon and the optional additional information are sent to other devices using separate communications channels, protocols, or the like. For example, a tag may send a beacon signal using an ultra-wideband radio and send other information, such as the public key, via Bluetooth. Of course, other assignments of information types to different communications channels or protocols are also possible.
The wireless beacon signal may be configured to cause a device to send a location report to the remote server. For example, a tag may transmit a wireless beacon signal to an external device, such as a mobile phone, tablet or laptop computer, or the like. The tag may also transmit a public encryption key to the device. The public encryption key may be included in the beacon signal, or provided to the device from the tag via a different message or communication protocol. In response to receiving the beacon signal, the device may determine a location of the wireless module based at least in part the wireless beacon signal (using localization techniques such as those described herein). The device may prepare an encrypted location report using the public encryption key, where the encrypted location report includes the location of the wireless module, and wirelessly transmit the encrypted location report to a remote server (e.g., the server 104). In this way, the tag can cause location reports to be generated on an ongoing basis, such that an accurate, up-to-date location of the tag is available to the tag's owner.
The public-private key encryption scheme may include other techniques to help anonymize the tag and prevent efforts to track individuals or objects. For example, the key pairs may iterate according to an algorithm, such that a tag does not always have the same public key (thus reducing the ability to track a tag by its public key). Alternatively or additionally, the tag may store multiple public keys that can all be decrypted by the same private key, and it can periodically change to a new one of the multiple public keys.
As described above, the tag may also include various systems that allow it to be more easily located once the owner is nearby (e.g., within a wireless communication range that allows the tag and another device to communicate, such as 300 feet, 100 feet, 30 feet). For example, the tag may include a speaker or other audible-output system. The owner of the tag may wirelessly command the tag (e.g., via Bluetooth and/or ultra-wideband protocols) to produce an audible output, which the owner can then use to find the tag. As another example, the tag may include an ultra-wideband (UWB) radio, and an owner's device may also include one or more UWB radios. The owner's device may be able to use a UWB localization signal emitted by the tag to estimate a position and/or location of the tag and/or guide the owner to the tag. For example, a user interface on the owner's device may display an arrow or other indicator that points the user towards the location of the tag. The arrow or other indicator may be a live view that continuously updates based on the position of the tag relative to the device, as well as the orientation of the device relative to the tag.
Even if the tag is not lost, the device-location relay network may be used to provide other location services. For example, location reports for a tag may be provided by devices in proximity to the tag even when the tag is not lost. In a user's home, for example, the user's computer, phone, digital assistant, or any other suitable device(s) may periodically provide, to the server 104, location reports of the user's tag(s). Such reports may be used to allow a user to track the locations of his or her objects over time, identify patterns or habits, and the like. Similar location information and/or location reports may also be provided for other devices associated with the user (e.g., the user's laptop computer, phone, etc.). In this way, locations of many of a user's devices may be accessible to the user.
Localization of user's devices, such as phones, laptops, etc., may be achieved in various ways. For example, a tag may simply be attached to such devices, thus leveraging the tag's localization functionality to track the location of the device to which it is attached. Alternatively or additionally, devices may include built-in hardware that provides the same or similar functionality as the tags described herein. Thus, even without an attached external tag, a lost laptop, for example, may use the same or similar systems and leverage the device-location relay network to allow the laptop to be located in the same manner as the tags described herein. Example devices that may include the components and/or provide the functionality of the tags described herein (but without the same physical structure as the tags) include, without limitation, laptop computers, desktop computers, phones (e.g., mobile phones, conventional cordless phones), tablet computers, watches, headphones, wearable electronic devices, computer storage devices (e.g., USB drives, portable hard drives, memory cards, etc.), cameras, remote controls, toys, wireless car keys/key fobs, watches, flashlights, first aid equipment (e.g., automatic electronic defibrillators), cars, motorcycles, smart home devices, head-mounted displays, and computer peripherals (e.g., mice, trackpads, keyboards).
Tags may also be configured to interact with devices, such as mobile phones, to cause those devices to take certain actions. For example, a tag may send an instruction, request, or other suitable communication to a device, and in response to receiving the instruction, request, or communication, the device may take an action such as displaying a message on an associated display, sending an encrypted location report, or the like.
Tags may trigger remote devices to take various types of actions, and various types of conditions or events may cause the actions to be triggered. In some cases, a determination that a tag is within a threshold distance of a device causes the device to take a certain action. For example, a tag and/or device (e.g., a mobile phone) may cooperate to determine a distance between the tag and device, as described herein. If the distance satisfies a threshold (e.g., if the device is within a threshold distance of the tag), the tag may cause the device to take an action. The particular action that is to be taken by the device may be specified by the tag. For example, in response to the determination that the distance threshold is satisfied, the tag may instruct the device to display a graphical object on the device's screen. As another example, in response to the determination that the distance threshold is satisfied, the tag may instruct the device to send or relay a message to another device or system. Specifically, the tag may instruct the device to send a location report to a server (e.g., the server 104), or to cause a message to be sent to the owner of the tag (e.g., a message indicating that the tag has been found and/or providing a location of the tag). The tag may cause devices to take other kinds of actions as well, as described herein.
Instructions sent by a tag to a device may be acted upon by the device, or they may be ignored by the device. For example, a device's owner may opt-in or opt-out of some or all instructions that originate from tags. Other settings, user preferences, or other criteria may also be used to determine whether a device will respond to or take any actions based on instructions received from a tag. In this way, users can select the degree to which their devices respond to instructions from various tags. In some cases, a user may opt out of all tag-related communications.
In cases where the tag triggers a graphical object to be displayed on a device's screen, the tag may send the content of the graphical object to the device via one of the tag's available wireless communications systems. More particularly, the tag may store a message in its onboard memory, and when a condition or event is satisfied (e.g., the tag and device are within a threshold distance), the tag may send the message to the device. Upon receiving the message from the tag, the device may display the message on a screen of the device. As a specific example, for a tag that is associated with an object such as a suitcase, the tag may store a message with the request “You are near my suitcase—please return it to the airport lost-and-found for a reward.” The tag may also instruct the device to prompt the device's user to take a photograph of the lost item (or the location where the tag is estimated to be), and request permission from the device's user to send the photograph to the tag's owner (e.g., via the device-location relay network). The tag may also send instructions to the device to cause the device show the location of the item or to display an option to initiate an augmented reality application to assist the user of the device in locating the lost item. As another example, for a tag that is associated with a more static type of object such as a painting in a museum, the tag may store (and send to the device when appropriate) the message “You are near the Mona Lisa—click here for directions to the world's most famous painting.” The particular content of the message may be customized by an owner or operator of the tag.
In other cases, the content of messages may be stored on the device, and the tag may send an identifier of the message to be displayed on the device. For example, the device may store a “lost item” message saying “You are near a lost item—please report to the nearest lost and found,” and the tag may send an instruction indicating that the device should display the “lost item” message. Devices may store multiple messages, and the instructions from the tag may include a unique identifier of the message to be displayed.
Tags may be configured to trigger actions on remote devices based on various different conditions or events. In the examples above, the tags cause devices to take actions (e.g., display graphical information, send location reports) based on a device being within a certain proximity of the tag. Other example conditions or events include, for example, a device being beyond a certain distance from a tag, a tag being moved from a stationary position, a battery level of the tag, or the like.
Further, the particular actions or events that a tag triggers on other devices, as well as the conditions that cause those actions to be triggered, may depend on a mode of operation or a status of the tag. For example, a tag that is in a “not lost” state or condition may not cause nearby devices to display any information (though they may cause nearby devices to send encrypted location reports). Thus, in response to a determination that the tag is in a first mode (e.g., a “not lost) mode, the tag may not cause an external device to display a message (and may cause it to send encrypted location reports). If that tag is transitioned to a “lost” state or mode, however, the tag may attempt to trigger nearby devices to display a particular message (sent by the tag) to assist in the tag being returned. Thus, in response to a determination that the tag is in a second mode (e.g., a “lost” mode), the tag may cause the external device to display a message and/or perform other possible actions, as described above. Alternatively or additionally, when the tag is in the lost mode it may more frequently instruct remote devices to send location reports.
The tag may also be configured to trigger actions on only a subset of devices in its wireless range. For example, a tag may only trigger actions for devices within a certain distance threshold, which may be smaller than the wireless range of the tag. In this way, the tag may instruct actions only on the select few devices that happen to get close enough to the tag to be helpful. As another example, the tag may be limited to a certain number of actions for a given time window. More specifically, a tag may be limited to causing a “lost” message to appear on one device per minute. As yet another example, the tag may be configured to only trigger events on certain types of devices or devices having certain authority. More specifically, a tag may be configured to trigger “lost” messages to appear only on devices that are verifiably controlled by a trusted source (e.g., police, airport employees, friends or relatives of the tag owner, or the like). In some modes of operation, a tag may be configured to trigger certain actions on all device with which it can communicate (e.g., a broadcast).
The owner or operator of a tag may select exactly what actions a tag should trigger on nearby devices, as well as the particular conditions that will cause the tag to trigger such actions. The owner or operator may also tie certain actions and conditions to particular modes of the tag (e.g., a “lost” mode, a “not lost” mode, a “lost but do not broadcast location or status” mode, a “low battery” mode). The tag may therefore be highly customizable by the tag's owner, allowing the tag to perform a variety of possible functions and interact with other devices in various user-selectable ways.
Due to the sensitive nature of location information of a user's possessions, the instant system may use sophisticated encryption and privacy schemes to ensure that unauthorized individuals cannot track the location of another person's property.
Turning to
Because the location reports 204 are encrypted using the public key 200 of a public-private key pair, only an individual or device who possesses the private key 202 can decrypt the location reports 204, thus helping to maintain the security and privacy of the location of the user's property. Further, the devices 102 may be configured to perform the reporting functions without alerting a user of the devices 102 that it is occurring. Thus, the device 102 of a person walking past a lost object may send a location report for the lost object without its owner ever knowing that a lost object is nearby. Also, while the devices 102 may be described herein as not associated with the owner of the tag 100, the same encryption and location reporting techniques may be used even where some or all of the devices 102 are owned or controlled by the owner of the tag 100. For example,
In response to a query from the device 106, and optionally after authenticating that the device 106 is authorized to receive the location reports, the server 104 provides the encrypted location reports 204 to the device 106. The device may then use the private key 202 to decrypt the location reports 204 and read the reported locations of the tag 100 (e.g., location A, location B, location C). The device 106 may show the reported locations on a map, and may provide directions to the reported locations from the user's current location. Further, if and when the device 106 is within range of a wireless communication protocol such as UWB, the device 106 may display a direction indicating interface that leads the user directly to the tag 100 (e.g., with a direction indicating arrow overlaid on an image of the real-world environment). An example direction-indicating interface is described herein.
Other techniques may also be used to facilitate a user accessing location reports from the server 104. For example, in some cases, the device 106 may request and/or receive encrypted information from the server 104, which may include the encrypted location reports 204, as well as other encrypted location reports (e.g., of other tags), or other encrypted information. Notably, the user will not be able to decrypt location reports or information that was not originally encrypted using the user's public key, so any encrypted location reports that are not decryptable by the user's private key remain encrypted and may be discarded by the device 106. In cases where the device 106 receives more data than just its location reports 204, the device 106 and/or the server 104 may select the particular information that is sent to the device 106 in various ways. For example, the server 104 may send all of the encrypted location reports that are stored thereon, and any that are not encrypted using the public key 200 may be discarded by the device 106. In other cases, the server 104 selects a subset of its encrypted location reports to send to the device 106. For example, the subset may correspond to location reports that were created in a certain time window (e.g., the server 104 may send all encrypted location reports that were sent within 1 hour of when the tag 100 was last in direct peer-to-peer communications with the device 106), or the subset may correspond to location reports that were created in certain geographic regions associated with location reports (e.g., the server 104 may send all encrypted location reports that were created in a state or city where the tag 100 was last in direct peer-to-peer communications with the device 106). Other criteria or combinations of criteria are also contemplated.
As described herein, localization of a wirelessly locatable tag may include the tag sending a signal to another device (e.g., a smartphone), allowing the other device to determine spatial parameters of the tag. Spatial parameters may include distances, orientations, positions, and/or locations.
As used herein, “distance” may refer to a measurement of how far apart two points (e.g., electronic devices, other objects, reference points, etc.) are from one another, and may refer to the length of the shortest possible path through space between the two points.
As used herein, the term “orientation” may refer to an attitude or angular position of an electronic device (e.g., a tag) relative to another electronic device (e.g., another tag or a smartphone), other point of interest, or reference frame. Orientation may be designated in terms of a rotation about one or more axes required to rotate from a current placement to a reference placement. Example measures of orientation may include Euler angles, Tait-Bryan angles (e.g., yaw, pitch, and roll), orientation vectors, orientation matrices, and the like.
As used herein, “position” or “relative position” of an electronic device may refer to the positional relationship of the electronic device in relation to another device, object, or reference point, and may be expressed as the distance between two objects, in combination with a direction vector indicating a direction from one object to another object.
As used herein, “location” may refer to a geographical point where an electronic device, other object, or point of interest is positioned, such as a point on the Earth's surface or elsewhere, and may be designated in terms of a geographic coordinate system (e.g., latitude and longitude) or in terms of a position relative to another geographical point or point of interest.
Broadly, wireless signals (e.g., radio frequency signals) sent between two or more electronic devices, may be analyzed to determine spatial parameters. As used herein, “spatial parameters” may refer to information about the placement of an electronic device in the space it occupies. Spatial parameters for an electronic device may include, but are not limited to, any combination of a distance between the electronic device and a point of interest (e.g., another device, an object, a reference point, etc.), an orientation of the electronic device, and a location of the electronic device. As used herein, “localization” may refer to determining one or more spatial parameters of an electronic device.
The wireless signals used to determine spatial parameters of electronic devices may include ultra-wideband (UWB) signals. As used herein “UWB signals” may refer to signals transmitted over a large portion of the radio spectrum (e.g., having a bandwidth greater than 500 MHz or greater than 20% of a center carrier frequency). Using UWB signals to perform localization may be referred to herein as “UWB localization.”
Electronic devices, such as the wirelessly locatable tags described herein (or other devices that incorporate the functionality of the tags described herein), may be configured as transmitting devices configured to transmit UWB signals, receiving devices configured to detect UWB signals, or both. Each device may include one or more antennas for transmitting and/or detecting UWB signals. A UWB signal transmitted by a transmitting device propagates in all directions or in one or more directions from a transmitting device, and the transmitted signal may be detected by one or more receiving devices. UWB signals used to determine spatial parameters of electronic devices may be sent as pulses. As used herein, a “pulse,” may refer to a rapid, transient change in the amplitude of a signal from a baseline value to a higher or lower value, followed by a rapid return to the baseline value.
Turning to
The receiving device 206a (or a device operably coupled to a receiving device) may analyze a UWB signal pulse detected by an antenna 208 of the receiving device 206a to determine the distance D between the receiving device 206a and a transmitting device 210 that transmitted the UWB signal pulse. In particular, the receiving device 206a may determine a time of flight (TOF) of the UWB signal pulse and multiply the TOF by the propagation speed of the signal pulse (e.g., the speed of light) to determine or estimate the distance D between the transmitting device 210 and the receiving device 206a. As used herein, a UWB signal pulse may be a beacon signal or a portion of a beacon signal.
The TOF may be determined by calculating the difference between the transmission time (i.e., the time the signal was transmitted) and the time the signal was detected (also called the time of arrival (TOA)). The transmission time may be included in the detected UWB signal pulse, sent as part of a separate transmission, or known as a result of a previously performed synchronization process between the transmitting device 210 and the receiving device 206a.
Using UWB signals for determining distance may provide numerous advantages, including increased precision in determining TOA and/or TOF. As one example, UWB signals may have shorter wavelengths than other signals, which may reduce the time range in which the signals can be detected. This reduces errors in determining TOA and TOF, which results in more accurate distance estimation.
A single signal may be detected by multiple receiving devices and/or multiple antennas of a single receiving device (e.g., a smartphone), and the signal may be used as described above to determine distances between the transmitting device 210 and each receiving device or antennas. Additionally, multiple signals from different transmitting devices (e.g., tags) may be detected by a single receiving device, and the signals may be used as described above to determine distances between the receiving device and each transmitting device.
As noted above, UWB signals may be used to determine an orientation of an electronic device relative to a point of interest (e.g., an electronic device, an object, a reference point, etc.). Turning to
The receiving device 206b (or a device operably coupled to a receiving device) may analyze a UWB signal pulse detected by multiple antennas of the receiving device 206b to determine an orientation of the receiving device 206b relative to a transmitting device 210 (e.g., a tag 100) that transmitted the UWB signal pulse. As noted above, receiving devices may include multiple antennas. As one example, as shown in
In some cases, the orientation of the receiving device 206b relative to the transmitting device 210 (or vice versa) may be determined independently of determining the distances d1, d2, d3. The receiving device 206b may determine a direction from the receiving device 206b to the transmitting device 210 (or from the transmitting device 210 to the receiving device 206b) by determining a time difference of arrival (TDOA) of the same UWB signal pulse to the three separate antennas 208a, 208b, 208c of the receiving device 206b. The TDOA for a UWB signal pulse may be determined as the pairwise time difference between the time of arrival of the signal at a first antenna (e.g., antenna 208a) and the time of arrival of the signal at a second antenna (e.g., antenna 208b). One or more pairwise time differences may be determined, and may be used to determine a direction from the receiving device 206b to the transmitting device 210, which, as noted above, may describe the orientation of the receiving device 206b relative to the transmitting device 210. Other methods for determining direction and orientation may also be used, including triangulation, phase difference of arrival (PDOA), and hybrid TDOA/PDOA methods.
The distance between the receiving device 206b and the transmitting device 210 and the relative orientation of the receiving device 206b may define a position of the receiving 206b device relative to the transmitting device 210. As used herein, “position” or “relative position” of an electronic device may refer to the positional relationship of the electronic device in relation to another device, object, or reference point, and may be expressed as the distance between two objects, in combination with a direction vector indicating a direction from one object to another object (e.g., a distance between a receiving device 206b and a transmitting device 210 and a direction vector indicating the direction from the receiving device 206b to the transmitting device 210). For example, the vector V of
In various embodiments, information about electronic device(s) (e.g., the spatial parameters discussed above) determined using UWB localization may be combined with other information from a variety of sources to determine spatial parameters. An electronic device may include and/or be operably coupled to one or more sensors or devices for determining spatial parameters or data that may be used to determine spatial parameters. Examples of sensors and devices include magnetometers, gyroscopes, accelerometers, optical sensors, cameras, global positioning system (GPS) receivers, and the like.
As one example, an electronic device (e.g., a smartphone) may include or be operably coupled to a GPS receiver configured to determine a location of the electronic device. As noted above, as used herein, “location” may refer to a geographical point where an electronic device is positioned, such as a point on the Earth's surface or elsewhere, and may be designated in terms of a geographic coordinate system (e.g., latitude and longitude) or in terms of a position relative to another geographical point or point of interest. The position of a transmitting device (e.g., tag) relative to a receiving device may be determined using UWB localization as discussed above. A location of the transmitting device may be determined using a location of the receiving device determined using GPS and the position of the transmitting device relative to the receiving device determined using UWB localization.
As another example, an electronic device may include or be operably coupled to a magnetometer or an accelerometer that may be used to determine an orientation of the electronic device relative to the earth. For example, a magnetometer may be used to determine an orientation of the electronic device relative to magnetic north or another known source of magnetic flux. Similarly, an accelerometer may be used to determine an orientation of the electronic device relative to the direction of gravitational acceleration (e.g., inward with respect to the earth's surface). A direction from the receiving device to the transmitting device relative to the receiving device may be determined using UWB localization as discussed above. The direction from the receiving device to the transmitting device relative to the earth or another known point of interest may be determined by combining the orientation of the electronic device relative to earth determined using a magnetometer or accelerometer with the direction from the receiving device to the transmitting device relative to the receiving device determined using UWB localization.
In some cases, the same antenna(s) are used for transmitting and detecting UWB signals. In some cases, the antenna(s) used for transmitting UWB signals are different from the antenna(s) used for detecting UWB signals. The antenna(s) may be operably coupled to one or more transmitters, receivers, processing units, or the like that may be used to generate transmitted signals and/or process detected signals.
A location of the transmitting device 210 may also be determined by a receiving device 206c by determining the distance between the receiving device 206c and the transmitting device 210 when the receiving device 206c is at multiple different locations. This process triangulates the location of the transmitting device 210 without using multiple onboard antennas and TDOA analysis of a pulse from the transmitting device 210.
As described above, the transmitting device 210 may emit a pulse (e.g., a UWB signal pulse) that is detectable by an antenna 208d, and the receiving device 206c may analyze the pulse (e.g., using TOF) to determine the distance from the receiving device 206c to the transmitting device 210. As shown in
With reference to the process described in
As noted above, a wirelessly locatable tag may take the form of a small device that can be easily attached to objects such as keys, backpacks, purses, and the like. Broadly, the tag may have a small size (e.g., having a diameter less than about 3 inches, less than about 2 inches, less than about 1 inch) that is rugged, water resistant (e.g., IP66, IP67, or IP68, according to international ingress protection standards), and portable. The tag may also have acoustic and haptic output systems, and optionally an input system (e.g., a button-like input). The tag may also include a battery that can be easily and conveniently replaced, and may be sealed against water, dust, and other contaminants.
The tag 300 may also define a housing gap 301 that facilitates attaching and retaining the tag 300 directly to other objects, such as backpacks, wallets, and purses, and/or to dedicated accessories that are adapted to receive the tag 300. The housing gap 301 may be a gap or channel defined between the main body portion 302 and the bottom housing member (battery door) 304. The housing gap 301 may extend around a complete circumference of the tag 300, or it may extend only partially around the tag 300. Where a tag has a shape other than a circular shape, such as a square shape, those tags may have a housing gap similar in appearance and/or function to the housing gap 301 to facilitate attachment to accessories. Housing gaps may also be formed between housing members other than the main body portion and bottom housing member, as described herein. In some cases, a housing gap may be defined by a single housing member (e.g., a groove or recess formed into a main body portion). Accessories for attaching to a tag, and for attaching the tag to other objects, may include, for example, straps, key fobs, lanyards, belts, luggage tags, and the like. Some example accessories are described herein with respect to
The tag 400 includes a top housing member 402, an audio system 404, an antenna assembly 406, a circuit board 408, a frame member 410, a battery 416, and a bottom housing member 412 (which may also be referred to as a battery door). The top housing member 402, audio system 404, antenna assembly 406, circuit board 408, and frame member 410 may all be part of or define a main body portion, such as the main body portion 302 (
The top housing member 402 may define a top exterior surface of the tag 400 and an interior surface opposite the top exterior surface. The top housing member 402 may also define some or all of a side exterior surface of the tag 400, where the side exterior surface extends around a periphery of the top exterior surface (as shown in greater detail with respect to
The audio system 404 may be configured to produce audio outputs that can be used to help a user locate the tag 400. For example, when a user is attempting to locate a lost tag 400 (and thus locate any object attached to or associated with the lost tag), the user may use a smartphone to wirelessly command the tag 400 to produce an audible sound such as a beeping or other audible tone (e.g., constant tone, song, etc.). The user can then attempt to find the tag 400 by listening for the audible sound. The audio system 404 may be any suitable component or system for producing sound, such as a voice coil speaker, a piezoelectric speaker, or the like. Example audio systems are described herein.
In some cases, the audio system 404 produces audio outputs by moving a portion of the top housing member 402 like a diaphragm or cone of a speaker. For example, the audio system 404 or a portion thereof may be attached to the inside surface of the top housing member 402 to directly apply forces on the top housing member 402 that cause the top housing member 402 to flex, deform, or otherwise move to produce audio output. To facilitate movement of the top housing member 402, the top housing member 402 may have a movable area or portion that is not fixed to other components of the tag 400 or is not otherwise immobilized. The movable area may be configured to allow or facilitate audio output in the range of about 100 Hz to about 10000 Hz. The audio system 404 may also be configured to produce haptic or tactile outputs by moving the movable area of the top housing member 402. More particularly, because the audio system 404 can move the top housing member 402 to produce audio, the audio system 404 may be operated to produce a haptic or tactile output that a user can feel with his or her hand or other body part. In some cases, haptic or tactile responses may be different from audible outputs, though haptic outputs may also be audible, and audible outputs may be accompanied by tactilely detectable vibrations.
The antenna assembly 406 of the tag 400 may have one or more antennas attached to or otherwise integrated with an antenna frame of the antenna assembly 406. For example, the antenna assembly 406 may include separate (and/or shared) antennas for near-field wireless communications protocols (e.g., ISO/IEC 14443, ISO/IEC 18092, ISO/IEC 21481), UWB protocols, Bluetooth (e.g., IEEE 802.15), WiFi (e.g., IEEE 802.11), cellular protocols, or the like. In some cases, some or all of the antennas are integral to the antenna frame of the antenna assembly 406 (e.g., a single, monolithic antenna frame component). For example, antennas may be insert molded with the material of the antenna frame of the antenna assembly 406 such that the antennas are at least partially embedded in the material of the antenna frame. In other cases, antenna material (e.g., metal) may be formed and/or applied using laser direct structuring, whereby a laser beam is directed onto the material of the antenna frame to form a region that is then metallized using a plating (e.g., electroplating) or other deposition operation. Other techniques for attaching or forming antennas onto the antenna assembly 406 may also be used. The antenna frame of the antenna assembly 406 may be formed of or include a glass-fiber reinforced polymer or any other suitable material.
The circuit board 408 may include a substrate and may include processors, memory, and other circuit elements that generally perform the electrical and/or computational functions of the tag 400. The circuit board 408 may also include conductors and/or electrical interconnects that electrically couple the various electrical components of the tag 400. The circuit board 408 may also include or be coupled to a battery connector that contacts a battery or other power source for the tag 400. The circuit board 408 may be attached to the antenna assembly 406 and/or the frame member 410 of the tag 400.
The frame member 410 may act as a support structure to which other components of the tag 400 are attached. For example, the top housing member 402, the antenna assembly 406, the audio system 404, the circuit board 408, and the bottom housing member 412 may all be secured to the frame member 410. Accordingly, loads imparted to the device via these components may be fully or partially transferred to the frame member 410. The frame member 410 may also define a battery recess that is configured to receive, support, and align the battery 416 inside the housing of the tag 400. The frame member 410 may be formed of or include a tough, rigid material such as a polymer, fiber-reinforced polymer, metal, ceramic, or the like.
The particular configurations, positions, shapes, and integration details of the components in
As shown in
The top housing member 502 may define a top exterior surface 501 of the tag 500. The top exterior surface 501 of the tag 500 may be an unbroken, seamless surface. For example, the entire top exterior surface 501 of the tag 500 may be defined by a single, unitary piece of material (uninterrupted by displays, buttons, openings, additional housing components, or the like). Accordingly, the top housing member 502 may define an entirety of the top exterior surface of the tag 500, and may be defined by a unitary structure (e.g., a unitary or single-piece polymer structure). The top housing member 502 may also define a peripheral side wall 519 defining a peripheral side surface of the tag 500.
Further, as described herein, a portion of the top housing member 502 that defines the top exterior surface 501 may act as a diaphragm of an audio system that produces audible and/or haptic outputs. For example, an audio system may move a portion of the top housing member 502 so that the moved portion of the top housing member 502 produces the pressure waves that correspond to the audible output. As noted above, the motion of the top housing member 502 may also be used to produce haptic outputs.
In some cases, substantially the entire exterior of the tag 500 may be defined by two components, the top housing member 502 and the bottom housing member 516. In such cases, the tag 500 may lack features such as displays (and associated housing components such as transparent covers), speaker/microphone openings, buttons, lenses, light sources, and the like. While some tag embodiments may include such components, embodiments that lack them may have better environmental sealing and energy efficiency, may be cheaper to manufacture, and may be simpler to use as compared to devices that include such features or components.
The top exterior surface 501 may also define some or all of a side exterior surface 503 that extends around a periphery of the top exterior surface 501. The side exterior surface 503 may have any suitable shape or profile, such as a continuously curved profile (in cross-section), or a curved portion.
The tag 500 may also include an antenna assembly 508. The antenna assembly 508 may have one or more antennas attached to or otherwise integrated therewith. For example, the antenna assembly 508 may include separate (and/or shared) antennas for near-field wireless communications protocols, UWB protocols, Bluetooth, WiFi, cellular protocols, or the like. In some cases, some or all of the antennas are integral to the antenna frame of the antenna assembly. Additional details of antenna assemblies and associated antennas are described herein.
The antenna assembly 508 may act as a structural support for at least a portion of the top housing member 502. For example, a support portion 511 of the antenna assembly 508 (which may be considered a portion or surface of a peripheral support flange 523) may contact a portion of an interior surface of the top housing member 502. In some cases, the support portion 511 of the antenna assembly 508 may be attached to the bottom or inner surface of the top housing member 502 using adhesive, fasteners, mechanical features, or any other suitable mechanism. In other cases, the support portion 511 contacts but is not bonded to the top housing member 502. The support portion 511 may extend completely around the antenna assembly 508, defining a continuous, ring-shaped support portion 511 that defines an upper-most (e.g., top) surface of the antenna assembly 508. In other implementations the support portion 511 may include multiple non-continuous segments that extend from the antenna assembly 508 to contact the top housing member 502.
At least a portion of the top housing member 502 may be set apart from the antenna assembly 508 by a gap, such as the gap 509. The gap 509 may be defined in part by the support portion 511. More specifically, the gap 509 may be defined at least in part by a portion of the antenna assembly 508 that is recessed relative to the top surface of the support portion 511.
The gap 509 may allow the portion of the top housing member 502 to be moved to produce haptic and audio outputs without the antenna assembly 508 interfering with the audible or haptic output. In some cases, the size of the gap is greater than a maximum target deflection of the top housing member 502 during audible and/or haptic outputs. Thus, for example, if the tag 500 is configured to produce audio and/or haptic outputs having a certain characteristic (e.g., a maximum or target amplitude, volume, frequency, or other property), the size of the gap 509 may be selected to be greater than the deflection of the top housing member 502 that results from those audible and/or haptic outputs. In some cases, the maximum size of the gap 509 (e.g., the distance between the topmost surface of the antenna assembly 508 and the bottom surface of the top housing member 502) may be less than or equal to about 500 microns, 400 microns, 300 microns, 200 microns, 100 microns, 50 microns.
The antenna assembly 508 may also act as a structural support for the tag 500 and the components within the tag 500. More particularly, the antenna assembly 508 may be formed of materials, have a particular shape, and interact with other structural components to define a main load-bearing structure of the tag 500. For example, the tag 500 may include components that may be sensitive to loads, deflection, movement, shock, or the like. Such components may include a circuit board 510, solder joints between the circuit board 510 and other components (e.g., antennas, battery contacts, speakers and/or audio systems, sensors, haptic actuators, or the like). Such components may be relatively delicate, and may not be structurally capable of withstanding direct applications of forces from normal use of the tag 500 (including, for example, drops, impacts, or the like that may occur during normal use). In order to protect these components, they may be coupled to and/or protected by the antenna assembly 508, alone or in conjunction with other components of the device.
For example, as shown in
The antenna assembly 508 (e.g., a peripheral support flange 523 of the antenna assembly 508) contacts a frame member 512 at an interface 521 and defines a recessed region or cavity on one side of the antenna assembly 508 in which the circuit board 510 may be positioned. The peripheral support flange 523 may at least partially surround an outer periphery of the circuit board 510, as shown in
The peripheral support flange 523, through the interface 521, defines a load path from the antenna assembly 508 to the frame member 512. In this way, forces applied to the tag 500 may be directed through the antenna assembly 508 and the frame member 512 and not applied to the circuit board 510. More broadly, the antenna assembly 508 (and in particular the top wall of the antenna assembly 508 and the peripheral support flange 523) may form a protective support and/or partial shell around the circuit board 510. As one specific example, if a force is applied to the top exterior surface 501 of the tag 500 (e.g., while the bottom exterior surface 505 is on a table or other surface), the force may be directed through the top housing member 502, through the antenna assembly 508 (e.g., the peripheral support flange 523), through the frame member 512, and into the bottom housing member 516. In this way, the force may be directed around the circuit board 510 to reduce or eliminate any deflection or deformation of the circuit board 510 or its components or connections. Further, the peripheral support flange 523 may be attached to the frame member 512 at the interface 521 (as well as at other interfaces), thereby defining an at least partially enclosed volume in which the circuit board 510 (among other possible components) is positioned. Such interfaces may be sealed with sealing members, adhesives, glue, O-rings, or other components, thereby sealing the at least partially enclosed volume along those interfaces.
The tag 500 may also include a hard-stop 520, or travel limiting member, that limits deflection of the top housing member 502. The hard-stop 520 may reduce the perception of flexibility of the top housing member 502 by limiting the distance that the top housing member 502 can move when pressed by a user. In particular, while movement of the top housing member 502 may be necessary for producing audible and haptic outputs, and optionally to detect inputs, the flexibility of the top housing member 502 that is necessary to facilitate such outputs and inputs may decrease the physical sensation of quality and structural integrity of the tag 500 as a whole. By limiting the distance that the top housing member 502 can move towards the antenna assembly 508 below a threshold, users may not tactilely perceive the flexibility of the top housing member 502 to the extent that they would if the top housing member 502 were not so limited. Accordingly, the maximum distance of the gap between the topmost surface of the hard-stop 520 and the bottom surface of the top housing member 502 may be less than or equal to about 500 microns, 400 microns, 300 microns, 200 microns, 100 microns, or 50 microns. This distance may be sufficient to allow the audio system (which includes and/or is defined by the coil 504 and the magnet assembly 506) to produce audible and/or haptic outputs, as well as to allow the detection of inputs, while also providing a tactile sensation that the top housing member 502 is rigid or substantially non-movable.
In some cases, the audio system may act as an input system (e.g., a button) in addition to acting as an audible and haptic output system. For example, deflections of the top housing member 502 (above the coil 504 and magnet assembly 506) may result in movement of the coil 504 in the magnetic field of the magnet assembly 506, thereby causing a detectable current to flow in the coil. This may be used to trigger the tag 500 to take some action (e.g., enter an initialization mode, cease an audio output, enter a “found” mode, etc.). In some cases, a separate sensor or switch (e.g., a force sensor, a dome switch) may be used to detect inputs to the device. For example, a sensor or switch may detect deflection or deformation of the top housing member 502 as a result of a user pressing on or squeezing the tag. The gap between the hard-stop 520 and the bottom surface of the top housing member 502 may be sufficient to facilitate the detection of an input force applied to the top housing member 502. Where a dome switch or other type of mechanical or electromechanical switch component is used (instead of or in addition to using an audio system as an input system), it may be positioned between the top housing member 502 and an underlying frame member, or in any suitable gap (between any two components) that can be reduced in size by a user to provide an input.
Wirelessly locatable tags may also use other types of input devices or systems to detect user inputs. For example, tags may include accelerometers or other motion-sensing systems. In such cases, users can move or manipulate the tags in certain ways to provide inputs to the tags, such as shaking the tag, tapping the tag, sliding the tag, or the like. The tag may be configured to respond to individual instances of such motions (e.g., a single tap or a single shake), or to particular patterns of motions (e.g., multiple taps within a predetermined time window, a tap followed by a shake followed by another tap).
As another example, the tag may include movable components or members (other than or in addition to a deformable top housing member, as described above) that can be manipulated (e.g., pushed, squeezed, pressed) by a user to provide an input. For example, the tag may include a mechanical button that can be pressed to provide an input. As another example, a battery door may be movable such that a user can push the battery door like a button. The battery door may be biased in an undepressed position by a spring member, and a sensor may determine when the battery door is depressed. The biasing and sensing functions may be provided by any suitable mechanisms. For example, dome switches (e.g., tactile dome switches) may be used to provide both biasing and sensing functions to the battery door. In other cases, a spring may act as a biasing member, and sensing functions may be provided by optical sensors, capacitive sensors, Hall effect sensors, or the like. The biasing force that maintains the battery door in an undepressed position may be provided by a compliant member that also biases a battery into a battery cavity of a tag, such as the compliant member 518 (described herein).
Tags may also include force sensors that detect an input upon detecting a force, applied to an exterior surface of the tag, that satisfies a threshold force. For example, a force sensor may be positioned between two components (e.g., a top housing member and a frame member, a bottom housing member and a battery, etc.), and a squeezing or pressing force applied to the tag may deform the tag and thus the force sensor. When the tag detects a threshold level of force, it may register the force as an input to the tag.
Upon detecting an input to the tag, via the input described herein or any other suitable input mechanism, the tag may perform some action. For example, upon detecting an input, the tag may enter an initialization mode or begin an initialization process. As another example, upon detecting an input, the tag may change from a “lost” operating mode to a “found” operating mode (which may include changing a beacon frequency, as described herein, causing a message to be sent to a host service updating a status of the tag to “found”, or the like). As yet another example, upon detecting the input, the tag may produce an output that provides some information about the device (e.g., an audible tone or visual output indicating information such as a battery charge state). As yet another example, upon detecting the input, the tag may produce an audio output (or if the tag has a display, a graphical output) providing instructions on how the tag is to be handled if found (e.g., “please call owner at this number” or “please contact police”). Other types of actions in response to detecting an input are also contemplated.
As noted above, the tag 500 includes a circuit board 510. The circuit board 510 may include a substrate (e.g., a printed circuit board substrate) with electrical components coupled thereto. Example electrical components include, for example, processors, memory, sensors (e.g., temperature sensors, accelerometers, magnetometers, gyroscopes, optical sensors, microphones, pressure sensors, barometric sensors, or the like), conductive elements (e.g., conductive traces), and the like. A battery connector may be conductively coupled to the circuit board 510 and configured to conductively couple to a battery of the tag 500 to provide electrical power to the electronic components of the tag 500.
The bottom housing member 516 may be removable from the top housing member 502 to facilitate removal and replacement of the battery 514. The bottom housing member 516 may be removably coupled to the tag via a latching or other engagement system that prevents or inhibits unintentional removal of the bottom housing member 516. For example, in order to ensure that the battery 514 does not unintentionally fall out of the tag 500 and is not easily accessible to children, the bottom housing member 516 may require a press-and-twist motion, as described with respect to
The tag 500 may also include a compliant member 518 between the bottom housing member 516 and the battery 514 to bias the battery 514 into the battery cavity of the tag 500 and against the battery connector that electrically couples the battery 514 to the electrical components of the tag 500. The compliant member 518 may be or may include a spring (e.g., a leaf spring, a coil spring), a polymer (e.g., a foam or elastomer pad), or any other suitable compliant member that biases the battery towards the tag 500. The compliant member 518 may also help latch or otherwise bias the bottom housing member 516 in a locked or engaged state (e.g., by forcing the latch member against or otherwise into engagement with an engagement feature). For example, as described herein, the bottom housing member 516 and the frame member 512 may include complementary engagement features, and the compliant member 518 may bias the engagement features against and/or into engagement with each other in a manner that prevents or limits removal of the bottom housing member 516 (at least without manipulating the bottom housing member 516 in a specific manner.
The first and second sealing members 702, 708 may form a substantially waterproof seal between the components with which they interface. The first and second sealing members 702, 708 may be formed from or include any suitable material, such as a compliant polymer material (e.g., an elastomer or foam). As noted, the first and second sealing members 702, 708 may be molded against the frame member 512 such that both the first and second sealing members 702, 708 bond to or are otherwise affixed to the frame member 512. In other cases, the first and second sealing members 702, 708 are molded or formed separately from the frame member 512 and then attached to the frame member 512 using an adhesive, ultrasonic welding, or any other suitable technique.
The top housing member 502 and the frame member 512 may be configured to remain attached to one another during normal operations (e.g., they may not be removably coupled, and detaching them from one another may damage the top housing member 502, the frame member 512, or both). Accordingly, the first sealing member 702 need not be configured to allow motion between the top housing member 502 and the frame member 512. By contrast, the bottom housing member 516 may be configured to be detached from the frame member 512 to provide access to the battery cavity (e.g., for replacing the battery). Accordingly, the second sealing member 708 may include a projecting portion 706 that is configured to contact and slide along a surface of the bottom housing member 516 when the bottom housing member 516 is attached to and detached from the frame member 512. The projecting portion 706 may have a triangular cross section that tapers or narrows along the length of the projecting portion 706 towards the free end. This shape may reduce the amount of force required to compress the second sealing member 708 (as compared to other shapes, such as circular cross-sectional shapes), thereby forming a waterproof seal while producing less force on the bottom housing member 516 during attachment and detachment than a differently shaped sealing member (e.g., one with a circular cross-section).
The tag 500 may also include a barometric vent to allow air to pass into and out of the tag 500 to allow pressure equalization between the ambient environment and the internal volume within the tag 500 (and to allow an optional barometric sensor or pressure sensor within the tag 500 to be exposed to the ambient pressure conditions exterior to the tag 500). The barometric vent may include or be defined by a passage 704 (or opening) that fluidly couples the external or ambient environment around the tag 500 to the internal volume of the tag 500, as well as a waterproof, air-permeable membrane 712 to prevent water ingress through the barometric vent while still allowing air to pass through to allow pressure equalization. The air-permeable membrane 712 may be positioned between a surface of the bottom housing member 516 and a flange portion 714 of the compliant member 518. The flange portion 714 may help to hold the membrane 712 in position and prevent it from moving or detaching when air or water pressure is applied to the membrane 712. The flange portion 714 may define an opening 710 that aligns with the passage 704 or is otherwise configured to allow air to pass through to facilitate pressure equalization. As shown, the flange portion 714 is an integral part of the compliant member 518 (which may be a unitary metal member), though in other implementations the flange portion 714 may be replaced with another bracket, backing, plate, or other component. The barometric vent may also include other components such as screens, additional membranes, fasteners, adhesives, and the like.
The barometric vent fluidly couples the ambient environment of the tag 500 with the battery cavity of the tag 500. The battery cavity may be fluidly coupled to the rest of the internal volume of the tag 500 such that the barometric vent is sufficient to allow pressure equalization between the ambient environment and the entire (or substantially entire) internal volume of the tag 500. In some cases, the frame member 512 defines openings for contacts of a battery connector to extend into the battery cavity from another area of the internal volume, and these openings may also allow air flow between the battery cavity and other internal areas of the tag 500. In this way, only one barometric vent is necessary to allow pressure equalization to the entire tag 500.
As described elsewhere herein, the bottom housing member 516 may define a flange or lip 716 that extends circumferentially around the bottom housing member 516 and defines one side of a housing gap 718. (The frame member 512 may define an opposite side of the housing gap 718). The flange or lip 716, and the housing gap 718 more generally, may be used to attach the tag 500 to an accessory, as described herein with respect to
The antenna assembly 508 may include any number of antennas. As shown, the antenna assembly 508 includes a near-field wireless communications antenna 804, a UWB antenna 806, and a Bluetooth antenna 808. Each antenna may be tuned to communicate at certain frequencies and/or otherwise comply with applicable communications protocols and/or standards. More generally, an antenna assembly may include multiple antennas, with each antenna configured to communicate via a different wireless communications protocol. For example, a first antenna may communicate (including by transmitting a wireless signal) via a first wireless protocol, a second antenna may communicate (including by transmitting a wireless signal) via a second wireless protocol, and a third antenna may communicate (including by transmitting a wireless signal) via a third wireless protocol. More or fewer antennas may also be embedded in or otherwise attached to an antenna frame.
The near-field wireless communications antenna 804 may be configured for any suitable type or protocol of near-field wireless communications, including but not limited to near-field communications (NFC) protocols, radio frequency identification (RFID) protocols, or any other suitable type or protocol. The near-field wireless communications antenna 804 may be a loop antenna, and may include a flat coil of conductive material. The coil may include four turns of coil, or any other suitable number of turns.
In some cases, the near-field wireless communications antenna 804 is configured to cause nearby devices to display information. For example, a person may bring a phone, watch, tablet computer, or other device nearby the tag 500 (either intentionally or unintentionally), thereby establishing a communication link between the tag 500 and the person's device. The communication link may cause the person's device to display various types of information or take other actions. For example, the person's device may receive information, via the near-field wireless communications antenna 804, stating whether or not the tag 500 has been reported lost, information about how to handle the tag 500 (or object to which the tag is attached), information about how to contact the owner of the tag 500, or the like. The near-field wireless communications antenna 804 may also be used to initiate an initialization process between the tag 500 and another device. Other information may be communicated, or actions triggered, via the near-field wireless communications antenna 804.
The UWB antenna 806 may be configured to communicate using an ultra-wideband protocol, and may be part of a UWB radio system of the tag 500. The UWB antenna 806 may be configured to communicate in a frequency range from about 6.25 GHz to about 8.25 GHz. The UWB antenna 806 may be configured as an inverted-F antenna. The tag 500 may include a feed line 812 and a ground line 810 electrically coupled to the UWB antenna 806 to allow radio circuitry associated with the UWB antenna 806 to send and receive electromagnetic signals via the UWB antenna 806. The ground line 810 may be conductively coupled to an electrical ground plane of the tag.
The dimensions of the UWB antenna 806 and the locations of the feed and ground lines 812, 810 may determine the tuning of the antenna, such as the frequency range over which the antenna may communicate, as well as the bandwidth of the antenna. The feed and ground lines 812, 810 may be attached to vias that extend through the antenna frame 802 of the antenna assembly 508 and are conductively coupled to the circuit board 510 to conductively couple the UWB antenna 806 to radio circuitry on the circuit board 510.
In some cases, a greater the height of the UWB antenna 806 corresponds to a greater bandwidth. Accordingly, the UWB antenna 806 may have a height that is 90% or greater of the height of a peripheral side surface of the antenna assembly 508. The height may be 95% or greater, 98% or greater, or 100% of the height of the peripheral side surface of the antenna assembly 508. Other heights are also contemplated.
The Bluetooth antenna 808 may be configured to facilitate communications using a Bluetooth protocol, such as Bluetooth Low Energy or any other suitable Bluetooth protocol or standard. The Bluetooth antenna 808 may be configured as an inverted-F antenna, and may include feed and ground lines similar to those described with respect to the UWB antenna 806. (The feed and ground lines of the Bluetooth antenna 808 may be connected to the circuit board 510 using vias similar to those described with respect to the UWB antenna 806. The Bluetooth antenna 808 and the UWB antenna 806 may be used for different functions. For example, the Bluetooth antenna 808 may be used primarily for communicating information between a tag and another device (e.g., a smartphone), while the UWB antenna 806 may be used primarily for sending localization signals to another device. Localization signals may be used to determine spatial parameters of a tag. Of course, the antennas 806, 808 may be used for different functions or combinations of functions. For example, the UWB antenna 806 may be used to communicate data or other information or signals to other devices instead of or in addition to the Bluetooth antenna 808.
The UWB antenna 806 and the Bluetooth antenna 808 may be positioned on an outer peripheral side surface of the antenna assembly 508. This positioning of the antennas helps maximize the distance between the radiating structures of the antennas and other conductive components within the tag 500. For example, capacitive coupling between the antennas and conductive components on the circuit board 510, the battery 514, or other metal or conductive objects may negatively impact the operation of the antennas. Accordingly, positioning the antennas on the outer peripheral side surface of the antenna assembly 508 (which may be circular) maximizes the distance between the antennas and other conductive components, thereby providing superior antenna performance. Positioning the antennas on the outer peripheral side surface may also position the antennas past the outer perimeter of the battery 514, thereby mitigating shielding and/or blocking effects of the battery 514.
Further, the UWB antenna 806 and the Bluetooth antenna 808 may be positioned on opposite sides of the antenna frame 802 (e.g., antipodally positioned about the substantially circular or cylindrical outer peripheral side). This configuration provides the maximum possible distance between the antennas with them both being on the same carrier. This arrangement may help mitigate interference or other deleterious effects that may occur if the antennas are close together.
Further, the UWB antenna 806 and the Bluetooth antenna 808 may have different lengths. For example, each antenna may be configured to communicate via a different frequency or set of frequencies, and the length of the antennas may at least partially define the frequencies with which the antennas communicate. Accordingly, the UWB antenna 806 may have a different length (e.g., longer or shorter than) the Bluetooth antenna 808.
The UWB antenna 806 and the Bluetooth antenna 808 may be positioned on opposite sides of the antenna frame 802 (e.g., antipodally positioned about the substantially circular or cylindrical outer peripheral side). This configuration provides the maximum possible distance between the antennas with them both being on the same carrier. This arrangement may help mitigate interference or other deleterious effects that may occur if the antennas are close together.
The antennas 804, 806, 808 may each be conductively coupled to circuitry on the circuit board 510 to facilitate communications via the antennas 804, 806, 808. As used herein, an antenna and the communication circuitry associated with that antenna may be referred to as a radio.
Whereas the UWB antenna 806 included a single radiating element, the UWB antenna 826 may include a first antenna element 828 and a second antenna element 830 that is set apart from the first antenna element 828. A feed line 834 and a ground line 832 may be conductively coupled to the first antenna element 828, and the ground line 832 may be conductively coupled to the second antenna element 830 (via a conductor that is at least partially embedded in the antenna frame 822, as shown, or via another conductor). The second antenna element 830 may not be directly conductively coupled to the feed line 834. The second antenna element 830 may act as a parasitic element that can amplify or enhance the effectiveness of the first antenna element 828, and may provide greater bandwidth than a single-antenna-element configuration.
The Bluetooth antenna 833 may include the two-element configuration of the UWB antenna 826, or it may have the same single-radiator configuration of the Bluetooth antenna 808. In all other ways, including the composition of the antennas and antenna frame, and the techniques for forming the antennas and integrating them with the antenna frame, the antenna assembly 820 may be the same as or similar to the antenna assembly 508 described above with respect to
While
As described above, antennas of an antenna assembly may be conductively (and mechanically) coupled to a circuit board or other electronic component using vias. For example, the ground line 810 and feed line 812 shown in
The antenna frame 822 defines an opening 861 that extends from a top surface of the antenna frame 822 to a bottom surface of the antenna frame 822. The opening 861 may be tapered from a larger opening size (e.g., diameter) at the top surface 865 to a smaller opening size (e.g., diameter) at the bottom surface 863 of the antenna frame 822. In some cases, the opening 861 may be a frustoconical opening (e.g., an opening defined by a frustoconical wall), with the smaller end of the frustoconical opening along the bottom surface 863 of the antenna frame 822.
A surface 867 of the frustoconical opening (e.g., the surface of a frustoconical wall) is coated with a conductive material 862. The conductive material 862 may be or may include a metal or other conductive material, and may be formed using an LDS process, as described above. In some cases, the conductive materials of the vias, the antennas, and the conductive traces that join the antennas to the conductive materials of the vias (e.g., conductive trace 860) are all formed using the same LDS operations. For example, the surfaces of the antenna frame 822 that are to be metallized (e.g., the antenna 806, the trace 860, the surface 867 of the opening 861) may be treated with a laser to expose a dopant in the antenna frame 822 and/or to form a distinct surface texture on the antenna frame 822 at the locations where metallization is to occur. The antenna frame 822 is then plated (e.g., electroplated) or otherwise processed so that the laser-treated areas of the antenna frame 822 are coated with a conductive material (e.g., a metal layer). In this way, a continuous metal layer may define the antenna 806, trace 860, and the conductive coating or material on the surface of the opening 861.
To conductively couple the antenna to the circuit board, the via may be soldered to a conductive trace 866 of the circuit board 510. This may be achieved by soldering a solder ball 864 in the frustoconical opening 861 of the via, which defines a reliable conductive path from the conductive material 862 to the conductive trace 866.
Additionally, the tapered configuration of the opening 861, as well as the mechanical bond between the solder ball 864 and the conductive trace 866 and the solder ball 864 and the conductive material 862, results in the solder ball 864 mechanically interlocking the circuit board 510 with the antenna frame 822. For example, the process of soldering the solder ball 864 to the conductive trace 866 and to the conductive material 862 forms a bond (e.g., a metal fusion bond) between those materials, and the resulting tapered shape of the solder ball 864 essentially defines an undercut that captures or traps the narrower end of the opening 861 between the solder ball 864 and the surface of the circuit board 510. This interlocking structure, along with the metal-to-metal bonds, forms a structural attachment between the antenna frame 822 and circuit board. Further, the tapered configuration of the opening 861 results in an advantageous stress profile on the conductive material 862. For example, if a tag experiences a force that stresses the antenna frame-circuit board interface, the forces that are imparted to the conductive material 862 may be primarily compression and/or shear forces, rather than tensile forces (where tensile forces correspond to forces that lift the conductive material away from the antenna frame 822). Thus, a force that tends to pull the circuit board 510 away from the antenna frame 822 (e.g., downwards) results in the conductive material 862 being compressed between the solder ball 864 and the underlying surface of the antenna frame 822 (which tends to force the conductive material 862 against the underlying surface of the antenna frame 822, rather than pulling it away from the antenna frame 822).
In some cases, at least a portion of each of two of the three deflectable arms may extend through the openings 902, 904 to contact one of the terminals of the battery (e.g., the positive terminal 910, which may be or may be defined at least in part by a curved or cylindrical surface of the battery), and the third deflectable arm extends through the opening 906 to contact the other terminal of the battery (e.g., the negative terminal 908, which may be or may be defined at least in part by a planar surface of the battery). By contacting one of the battery terminals with two deflectable arms, the tag 500 is able to detect whether the battery is present in the battery cavity by detecting whether there is continuity between those two deflectable arms. When the battery is not present, the device may be shut down, and any residual voltage stored in capacitors or other circuit elements may be discharged so that the tag 500 ceases to function as soon as the battery is no longer detected in the tag 500. The openings 902, 904, and 906 may also fluidly couple the battery cavity to the other portions of the internal volume of the tag 500, such as the portions that are above the frame member 512 (based on the orientation shown in
The deflectable arms may be biased in a direction that forces them into contact with the battery 514 when the battery 514 is within the battery cavity of the tag 500. This biasing may help ensure that the deflectable arms are forced into contact with the battery 514 to maintain a positive conductive contact with the battery 514. The direction that the deflectable arms move and/or are biased is based at least partly on the orientation of the deflectable arms relative to the battery. For example, as is evident from the location of opening 906 (
As the battery 514 is being inserted into the battery cavity of the tag 500, however, the battery 514 may apply a force to the first and second deflectable arms 1004, 1006 tending to push the first and second deflectable arms 1004, 1006 towards the circuit board 510. The circuit board 510 may include friction pads 1010 and 1012 that are positioned below portions of the first and second deflectable arms 1004, 1006, respectively. The friction pads 1010, 1012 may be formed of metal (e.g., copper, gold), or any other suitable material that allows the first and second deflectable arms 1004, 1006 to slide along the circuit board 510 while providing a relatively low coefficient of friction between the circuit board 510 and the first and second deflectable arms 1004, 1006. The friction pads 1010, 1012 may also protect the circuit board's substrate and the first and second deflectable arms 1004, 1006 from wear due to sliding of the first and second deflectable arms 1004, 1006 along the surface. During installation of the battery 514, the battery may contact the first and second deflectable arms 1004, 1006 in a manner that pushes them towards the circuit board 510. By providing the friction pads 1010, 1012 on the circuit board 510 and configuring the first and second deflectable arms 1004, 1006 so that they are proximate the friction pads 1010, 1012 (and also configuring the ends of the first and second deflectable arms 1004, 1006 to have a rounded shape), the deflection of the first and second deflectable arms 1004, 1006 in the direction towards the circuit board 510 is limited by the contact between the arms and the friction pads. Limiting deflection in this direction allows the first and second deflectable arms 1004, 1006 to begin deflecting along the directions 1014, 1016, thereby allowing the first and second deflectable arms 1004, 1006 to move out of the way of the battery 514 and provide the biasing force in the appropriate direction to maintain the first and second deflectable arms 1004, 1006 in contact with the battery 514.
The battery connector 900 may be formed by insert molding. For example, the deflectable arms 1004, 1006, 1008 and the solder pads 1018, 1020, 1022 (or the unitary metal structures that define the deflectable arms and the solder pads) may be inserted into a mold, and an insulating, polymer material may be introduced into the mold, thereby at least partially encapsulating the deflectable arms 1004, 1006, 1008 and the solder pads 1018, 1020, 1022. Other techniques for forming the battery connector 900 are also contemplated.
The conductive plug 1026 may be configured to self-align in the opening 906. For example, the conductive plug 1026 may have a rounded protrusion, and the opening 906 may be a circular hole, such that the rounded protrusion self-aligns in a substantially concentric position (with respect to the circular hole). This self-aligning property of the conductive plug 1026 may also help accommodate for misalignments between the deflectable arms 1004, 1006, 1008 and the openings 902, 904, 906 in the main frame member 512. For example, misalignments between the deflectable arms and the openings can be tolerated because the deflectable arms merely need to contact the conductive plugs to provide a biasing force and conductive connection. More particularly, because the conductive plugs are not fixed to the deflectable arms, as long as a deflectable arm conductively couples to and provides sufficient biasing and/or retention force on the conductive plug, the contact point between the deflectable arm and the conductive plug can vary. Accordingly, because the conductive plugs can self-align in the openings and misalignments between the deflectable arms and the conductive plugs are accommodated by the non-fixed arm/plug interface, assembly tolerances relating to the positioning of the battery connector and the position of the circuit board and main frame member may be relaxed.
While
While
In some cases, the battery door of a tag may also act as one of the battery contacts. For example, the battery door (e.g., the bottom housing member 516) may be formed of or include metal or another conductive material, and at least one terminal of the battery may be conductively coupled to the battery door. The battery door may, in turn, be conductively coupled to the circuit board. In this manner, at least one terminal of the battery (e.g., the positive terminal) may be conductively coupled to the circuit board via a conductive path that includes the battery door.
The bottom housing member 516 may include latching members 1200 and the frame member 512 may define latching channels 1202 that are configured to engage the latching members 1200 to secure the bottom housing member 516 to the tag 500. The latching members 1200 and channels 1202 may be configured so that in order to remove the bottom housing member 516, the user must manipulate the bottom housing member 516 in multiple different directions (e.g., by both pressing on and turning the bottom housing member 516). This may help prevent unintended opening of the battery cavity, and may help prevent children from removing the button cell battery (which may pose choking or other hazards if removed from the tag 500).
After passing the retention protrusion 1204, and while maintaining a downward force on the bottom housing member 516 to overcome the biasing force, the user may twist or rotate the bottom housing member 516 to cause the latching member 1200 to continue along the path 1208 and move towards a recess 1206. Once the latching member 1200 is aligned with the recess 1206, such as because the latching member 1200 reaches the end of the latching channel 1202, the user may release the downward force on the bottom housing member 516, thereby causing the compliant member 518 to bias the bottom housing member 516 upwards and forcing the latching member 1200 into the recess 1206. Because the retention protrusion 1204 and the blind end of the latching channel 1202 block movement of the latching member 1200 in the horizontal direction (corresponding to a rotation or twisting of the bottom housing member 516), combined with the biasing force from the compliant member 518 tending to force the latching member 1200 into the recess 1206 (or with another surface of the latching channel 1202), the bottom housing member 516 may be securely retained to the tag 500 and may resist inadvertent or accidental opening.
In order to detach the bottom housing member 516 from the tag, the operation described with respect to
The tag 500 may also include detents or other mechanisms to provide haptic or tactile sensations to a user during attachment and/or detachment of the bottom housing member 516. For example, the tag 500 may include a ball detent that engages a recess in the bottom housing member 516 when the bottom housing member 516 is rotated or twisted during attachment and/or detachment. As the ball detent engages the recess, the user may feel a clicking or other tactile sensation, indicating that the bottom housing member 516 is moving or has reached a particular position (e.g., a fully closed position). The detent (or other mechanism) may be attached to the bottom housing member 516 to engage a recess in the main frame member 512, or it may be attached to the main frame member 512 to engage a recess in the bottom housing member 516. Other configurations are also possible. Further, detents or other mechanisms may be provided for any moving or detachable components of tags described herein, and may be provided solely for the tactile indication that they provide during manipulation of the components, or for other additional functions (e.g., to removably retain a battery door, housing member, or other component in a particular position).
The compliant member 518 may provide a biasing force that both helps bias the bottom housing member 516 into an engaged or locked configuration (as described with respect to
As described above, the compliant member 518 also defines a flange portion 714, which may also be defined by the same single piece of material that defines the base 1301 and spring arms 1300. The flange portion 714 may be configured to help retain a membrane and/or other components near an opening that allows pressure equalization. The flange portion 714 may also define an opening 710 that aligns with the pressure equalization opening.
The presence of the compliant member 518 may also facilitate the use of battery connectors that do not deflect. For example, any of the battery contacts and/or deflectable arms described above for conductively coupling to a battery may be configured to not deflect when a battery is inserted into the battery cavity. In such cases, the compliance of the compliant member 518 both biases the battery 514 against the non-deflecting battery contacts to ensure conductive coupling, and also provides clearance to the battery to accommodate for any canting or misalignment of the battery due to the non-deflecting battery contacts.
While
As noted above, button cell or other small form-factor batteries may be potentially hazardous to people or pets due to their small size and possibility of being ingested. To avoid the batteries from accidentally falling out of the tags, the tags may be configured so that their battery doors require more than a simple, single motion (e.g., twisting) to remove them.
After positioning the pin 1408 in the channel 1402 as shown in
Once the pin 1408 has been moved out of the blind end 1504 of the channel 1402 and as the bottom housing member 1406 continues to be rotated, the biasing force (indicated by arrow 1604) between the frame member 1400 and the bottom housing member 1406 forces the bottom housing member 1406 and thus the pin 1408 upwards and into a recess 1602. The biasing force may be produced by a compliant member between the battery and the bottom housing member 1406, as described above. The recess 1602 defines a lip that prevents or inhibits further rotation of the bottom housing member 1406. In order to continue detaching the bottom housing member 1406, the user must press on the bottom housing member 1406 to provide a downward force 1606 that overcomes the biasing force to push the bottom housing member 1406, and thus the pin 1408, downwards and out of the recess 1602 (as indicated by path 1608 in
Once the pin 1408 is clear of the lip of the recess 1602, as shown in
After positioning the pin 1708 in the channel 1702 as shown in
Once the pin 1708 has been moved past the second retention feature 1714, it may come into contact with a surface of the first retention feature 1712 that prevents further rotation of the bottom housing member 1706, as shown in
After the bottom housing member 1706, and thus the pin 1708, has been rotated to move the pin 1708 past the second retention feature 1712, further rotation of the pin 1708 may be inhibited by lip of the recess 1904. In order to continue detaching the bottom housing member 1706, the user must press on the bottom housing member 1706 to provide a downward force 1912 that overcomes the biasing force to push the bottom housing member 1706, and thus the pin 1708, downwards and out of the recess 1904 (as indicated by path 1910 in
After engaging the latch 2008 and the second retention feature 2014 as shown in
Once the latch 2008 has been moved past the first retention feature 2012, it may return to the position shown in
The mechanism shown and described with respect to
The interactions and engagements between the features of the cam latch 2308 (e.g., the cam surfaces and retention feature) and the spring member 2304 may each require an overcoming force to be applied to the bottom housing member 2306, and may produce tactile sensations or feedback that are detectable by a user. These forces and feedbacks may help retain the bottom housing member 2306 in desired positions, and also provide useful physical information to the user.
The interactions and engagements between the features of the cam latch 2408 (e.g., the cam surfaces and retention feature) and the spring member 2404 may each require an overcoming force to be applied to the bottom housing member 2306, and may produce tactile sensations or feedback that are detectable by a user. These forces and feedbacks may help retain the bottom housing member 2306 in desired positions, and also provide useful physical information to the user.
The interactions and engagements between the features of the cam latch 2508 (e.g., the cam surfaces and retention feature) and the spring member 2504 may each require an overcoming force to be applied to the bottom housing member 2306, and may produce tactile sensations or feedback that are detectable by a user. These forces and feedbacks may help retain the bottom housing member 2306 in desired positions, and also provide useful physical information to the user.
As noted above, wirelessly locatable tags may include audio systems that are configured to produce audio outputs. Audio outputs from a wirelessly locatable tag may be used to help a user locate the tag. For example, when a user is attempting to locate a lost tag, the user may use a smartphone to wirelessly command the tag to produce an audible sound such as a beeping or other audible tone (e.g., constant tone, song, etc.). More particularly, the smartphone may send an audio request signal to the tag, which may in turn cause the tag to produce an audible output with an audio system.
The coil 504 may be proximate a magnet assembly 506. The magnet assembly 506 may be any suitable material and may be formed of a single piece of magnetic material, or it may be formed of or include multiple components attached to one another, as shown with respect to
The tag 500 may use the coil 504 to move a portion of the top housing member 502 to cause the top housing member 502 to act as a diaphragm to produce audible outputs. For example, when an audio output is required, an appropriate signal is applied to the coil 504 (which is in a magnetic field produced by the magnet assembly 506), thereby producing Lorentz forces that act on the coil 504 (indicated by arrows 2602). The Lorentz forces on the coil 504 cause the top housing member 502 to move, oscillate, vibrate, or otherwise move (indicated by arrows 2604) to produce an audible and optionally tactile output. In some cases, the top housing member 502 locally deflects or deforms to produce the audible and/or tactile output. For example, the central portion of the top housing member 502 may deflect or deform to produce the audible and/or tactile outputs, while other portions of the top housing member 502 (e.g., a peripheral portion that is coupled to the antenna assembly 508) remains substantially stationary and/or otherwise does not contribute to the production of sound waves.
The audio system, as well as the portion of the top housing member 502 that deflects or deforms to produce audio and/or tactile outputs, may be configured to permit or facilitate the production of audio within a target frequency range. For example, the audio system may be configured to produce sound within a range of about 1 kHz to 4 kHz, 1 kHz to 3 kHz, or any other suitable range. This range may be beneficial due to the relative sensitivity of human hearing to different frequencies, as well as the ability to perceive the location of a sound. For example, human ears are more sensitive to sounds between about 1 kHz to 4 kHz. Also, based at least in part on the distance between a human's ears, humans can more easily perceive the location of a sound that is at or below 3 kHz (as the location may be perceived without requiring head movement). Accordingly, a range of about 1 kHz to 3 kHz is within a typical range of peak hearing sensitivity and enables simple auditory localization of the tag (e.g., without requiring head movement to perceive the sound's location). Audible outputs (or ultrasonic outputs, which may be produced by the audio system instead of or in addition to audible outputs) may also be detected by one or multiple microphones on another device (e.g., a smartphone, earbuds, etc.), and that device may use beamforming or other direction-finding techniques to determine or estimate the position of the tag based on the detected audible sounds. In some cases, multiple devices, each with one or more microphone, cooperate to estimate the position of a tag (e.g., by comparing their own position estimates or otherwise cooperating to produce one position estimate).
The materials and dimensions of the top housing member 502 may also be configured to facilitate the use of the top housing member 502 as an audio-producing diaphragm. For example, the materials and dimensions may be selected so that the top housing member 502 is sufficiently flexible to allow the top housing member 502 to be deflected and/or deformed by the force produced by the coil 504. In some cases, the top housing member 502 may be formed of or include a polymer material, such as a polymer, reinforced polymer, carbon fiber, or the like. The top housing member 502 may have a thickness of about 300 microns, 400 microns, 450 microns, 500 microns, 550 microns, or any other suitable thickness. In some cases, a portion of the top housing member 502 that deforms or bends to produce the audible and/or tactile output has a thickness between about 300 and 550 microns, while other portions of the top housing member 502 have different thicknesses (e.g., are thicker or thinner). Other thicknesses and dimension are also possible.
In embodiments where the audio system of the tag 500 uses the top housing member 502 as a diaphragm to produce audible and/or tactile outputs, the tag 500 may use the components of the audio system to detect inputs applied to the top housing member 502.
When the tag 500 detects a current indicative of a threshold amount of motion of the top housing member 502, the tag 500 may take one or more actions. For example, the tag 500 may initiate a pairing mode (optionally including changing the operation of one or more radios of the tag to facilitate communication with other devices), turn the tag 500 on or off, change a mode of operation of the tag 500, cause information to be sent via one or more of the tag's wireless communications systems (e.g., to a remote service, to a mobile phone, etc.), activate or deactivate an audio or tactile output, or the like.
The current produced in the coil 504 as a result of a deflection of the top housing member 502 may also be used to provide power to the tag 500 for tag operations and/or to charge the battery 514. The power may be harvested each time an input is provided, or it may be harvested when certain conditions are met (e.g., when a certain number or frequency of deflections is detected, when the battery is below a threshold charge level, etc.). In some cases, a tag without a battery (or with a fully discharged or dead battery) may be temporarily powered by the user deflecting the top housing member one or more times (e.g., using a number and frequency of deflections that is sufficient to at least momentarily power the tag). If certain conditions are satisfied, the tag may perform one or more actions in response to a repeated deflection. For example, if the battery is dead or missing and a sufficient power threshold is reached from repeated deflections of the top housing member, the tag may send a location report (as described with respect to
As noted above, tags may use other types of input systems or devices may be used to detect inputs to the tag, in addition to or instead of detecting current produced in a coil of an audio system. For example, a dome switch, tactile dome switch, or other electromechanical switching system may be positioned between the top housing member 502 and the magnet assembly 506 (or any other underlying component). When the top housing member 502 is deflected by a user, as shown in
Another type of switching mechanism that may be included in a tag includes conductive contacts attached to the top housing member 502 and an underlying component. For example, a first conductive contact, such as a metal sheet, foil, or other component, may be attached to the interior surface of the top housing member 502 (e.g., at a center of the top housing member 502, such as aligned with the central opening of the hard-stop 520), and one or more second conductive contacts may be positioned below the first conductive contact. When the top housing member 502 is deflected, as shown in
Other techniques for detecting deflection of the top housing member 502 are also contemplated, including but not limited to capacitive sensors, force sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and optical sensors. Further, other types of input systems may be provided in addition to or in place of input systems that detect deflection of the top housing member 502. For example, the tag may include buttons, switches, accelerometers (e.g., for detecting shake or tap inputs), or the like.
The physical design of the tag 500 may also contribute to the management of leakage flux. For example, the top housing member 502 and the magnet assembly 506 may be configured so that the distance from the magnet assembly 506 (e.g., the top of the magnet assembly) to the exterior surface of the top housing member 502 (e.g., the portion of the exterior surface of the top housing member 502 that is nearest the magnet assembly 506) is equal to or greater than a threshold distance. For example, in some cases, the threshold distance is about 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, or any other suitable distance.
As described above, audible and/or tactile outputs from a tag may be produced with an audio system that uses an electromagnetic coil and a magnet (a system that may be similar to a voice coil motor) to deflect or deform the top housing member of the tag. This is merely one example audio system that may be used to produce such outputs, however, and other audio systems may be used instead of or in place of the coil and magnet arrangements described herein.
In order to cause the top housing member 2900 to deform or deflect, the tag may apply an electrical signal or current to the piezoelectric elements 2910, thereby causing the piezoelectric elements 2910 to bend (indicated by arrows 2912). Due to a secure attachment between the piezoelectric elements 2910 and the top housing member 2900, the bending of the piezoelectric elements 2910 may cause the top housing member 2900 to deflect or deform (indicated by arrows 2914) in a manner that produces audible and/or tactile outputs.
The piezoelectric elements 2910 may be mounted remote from the portion of the top housing member that moves the greatest amount during an audible or tactile output, and may use the structure of the top housing member 2900 to amplify the amount of deflection of the piezoelectric elements 2910. For example, by positioning the piezoelectric elements 2910 in the corners of the top housing member 2900 as shown in
The piezoelectric elements 2902, 2910 may be conductively connected to one or more electronic components and/or circuit elements. The electronic components and/or circuit elements may be positioned on a circuit board (e.g., the circuit board 510), and may be configured to provide electrical signals to the piezoelectric elements that cause them to deform in a manner that produces an audible and/or tactile output from the top housing member 2900.
The audio system 3001 may include an enclosure 3002 that defines an internal volume 3008. A speaker 3004 may be coupled to the enclosure 3002 or otherwise configured to direct sound into the internal volume 3008. The internal volume 3008 may have an opening that is aligned with or otherwise communicates with the openings 3006 in the top housing member 3000. Accordingly, sound from the speaker 3004 may be directed through the internal volume 3008 and out of the openings 3006 (as indicated by arrow 3010). The enclosure 3002 may be attached to the top housing member 3000 (e.g., via adhesive, fasteners, ultrasonic welding, etc.), or it may be attached to another component of a tag (e.g., an antenna assembly) and positioned such that it communicates audio through the openings in a top housing member. In tags that include an audio system with a speaker within an enclosure, the tag may employ screens, membranes, water ejection systems, or other systems or techniques to prevent the ingress of water, dust, or other contaminants into the audio system and/or the tag as a whole.
For tags in which the top housing member is deflected and/or deformed in order to produce audible and/or tactile outputs, the top housing member may be configured to be sufficiently flexible so that it can be deflected and/or deformed by a voice coil motor, piezoelectric element, or other actuator. In some cases, the top housing member may be a unitary structure formed of a single piece of material. In other cases, it may include multiple components or segments that together define the top housing member.
The compliant member 3206 may be formed from a more flexible material than the peripheral member 3202 and the central member 3204. For example, the peripheral member 3202 (which may define a side wall of the top housing member 3200) and the central member 3204 (which may define a top outer surface of the top housing member 3200) may be formed from a first polymer material such as an ABS, PMMA, and the compliant member 3206 may be formed from a second polymer material that is more flexible than the first polymer material, such as silicone, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or the like. The compliant member 3206 may be configured to allow the central member 3204 to move more freely relative to the peripheral member 3202 than would occur if the central and peripheral members were a unitary structure (such as the top housing member 3100).
The top housing member 3200 may be formed by a co-injection molding or insert molding technique, where the central and peripheral members are formed first (and optionally inserted into a second mold after they are formed), and then the material of the compliant member 3206 is injected into the mold and against the central and peripheral members. This may cause the compliant member to be formed into the target shape, as well as to secure the material of the compliant member to the central and peripheral members (e.g., via chemical and/or adhesive bonding between the materials, and/or via mechanical interlocking between the components).
The decreased stiffness of the compliant member 3206 relative to the central and peripheral members may increase the amount of movement of the central member that is achieved for a given coil force, as compared to a single-piece top housing member. This, in turn, may improve the efficiency of the tag with respect to producing audible and/or tactile outputs. Further, the lower force requirement may allow the use of smaller coils, magnets, piezoelectric elements, or other force-producing elements of an audio system. Additionally, embodiments of top housing members that use separate central and peripheral members may employ a different mode of deformation or deflection than single-piece housing members. That is, the central member 3204 itself deforms less than the central region of a single-piece top housing member, and instead moves more vertically (e.g., like a plate moving along a vertical path). Stated another way, whereas a single-piece top housing member may be deformed in a bulge-like shape to produce audible and/or tactile outputs, the central member 3204 of the top housing member 3200 may remain substantially undeformed while it is moved vertically up and down (e.g., in a largely or entirely translational movement) to produce such outputs. In cases where the central member of the top housing member is separate from the peripheral member, the central member may be thicker and/or stiffer than a central member of a single-piece top housing member.
The compliant member 3306 may be formed from a more flexible material than the peripheral member 3302 and the central member 3304. For example, the peripheral member 3302 (which may define a side wall of the top housing member 3300) and the central member 3304 (which may define a top outer surface of the top housing member 3300) may be formed from a first polymer material such as an ABS, PMMA, and the compliant member 3306 may be formed from a second polymer material that is more flexible than the first polymer material, such as silicone, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or the like. The compliant member 3306 may be configured to allow the central member 3304 to move more freely relative to the peripheral member 3302 than would occur if the central and peripheral members were a unitary structure (such as the top housing member 3100).
The top housing member 3300 may be formed by a co-injection molding or insert molding technique, as described above with respect to the top housing member 3200. Further, like the top housing member 3200, the top housing member 3300 may be configured to produce audible and/or tactile outputs using substantially linear movement (with no or only nominal deformation) of the central member 3304, rather than a bending or deformation mode (as is the case with the unitary top housing member 3100). In some cases, the central member 3304 may translate relative to the peripheral member 3302 to produce the audible output.
The top housing member 3400 may be formed by a co-injection molding or insert molding technique, as described above with respect to the top housing member 3200. Further, like the top housing member 3200, the top housing member 3400 may be configured to produce audible and/or tactile outputs using substantially linear movement (with no or only nominal deformation) of the central member 3404 (and the overlying part of the compliant member 3406), rather than a bending or deformation mode (as is the case with the unitary top housing member 3100).
The wirelessly locatable tags described above are described with respect to one example form factor and configuration. For example,
The peripheral portion 3504 may be manipulated relative to the body portion 3502 to cause a battery cavity to be exposed. For example, a user may rotate the peripheral portion 3504 about the body portion 3502 while holding the body portion 3502 stationary (as indicated by arrow 3506). As shown in
The tag 3609 includes an upper body portion 3603, which defines a battery cavity 3607, and a lower body portion 3604. Together, the upper and lower body portions 3603, 3604 may define some or all of a body portion of the tag 3609. The upper body portion 3603 may define a top exterior surface of the tag 3609 while the lower body portion 3604 defines a bottom exterior surface of the tag 3609. The lower body portion 3604 may include and/or support device components 3610. The device components 3610 may include circuit boards, circuit elements, processors, memory, sensors, radio circuitry (including antennas) for various wireless communications (e.g., UWB, WiFi, Bluetooth, etc.), or the like. Indeed, the device components 3610 may include any of the components that are used to provide the functions of a wireless tag as described herein.
The upper body portion 3603 includes guide pins 3601 extending from a peripheral side of the upper body portion 3603. The guide pins 3601 may engage first guide slots 3602 of a guide ring 3600. The first guide slots 3602 may extend through the guide ring 3600 (as shown), or they may be blind channels.
The guide ring 3600 may be attached to the peripheral portion 3605 such that the peripheral portion 3605 and the guide ring 3600 rotate together when a rotational force is applied to the peripheral portion 3605 (while the body portion is held stationary). The guide ring 3600 may be attached to the peripheral portion 3605 in any suitable way, such as with adhesives, clips, fasteners, springs, mechanical interlocks, or the like.
The lower body portion 3604 may define second guide slots 3606 that also engage the guide pins 3601 of the upper body portion 3603. Whereas the first guide slots 3602 are oriented at a slant relative to the axis of the tag 3609, the second guide slots 3606 are parallel to the axis. When assembled, the interaction between the guide pins 3601, the first guide slots 3602, and the second guide slots 3606 cause the upper body portion 3603 to move axially, relative to the peripheral portion 3605 and the lower body portion 3604, when the peripheral portion 3605 is rotated about the body portion. For example, the rotational movement of the guide ring 3600 (caused by rotational movement of the peripheral portion 3605) forces the guide pins 3601 to slide within the first guide slots 3602, while the second guide slots 3606 prevent the upper body portion 3603 from rotating. The combined effect of the interactions between the guide pins 3601 and the first and second guide slots 3602, 3606 causes the upper body portion 3603 to move axially upward (relative to the orientation in
The tag 3609 may include conductors that conductively couple a battery contact (that connects to the battery terminals of the battery) to the device components 3610. The conductors may be flexible to accommodate the motion between the upper body portion 3603 and the rest of the tag 3609. In other cases, sliding electrical contacts, which may be similar to slip rings, may be used to conductively couple the battery connector to device components on a different structure of the tag 3609. A similar battery connector structure may be used for the tag 3500 as well.
The peripheral portion 3704 may be manipulated relative to the body portion 3702 to cause a battery cavity to be exposed. For example, a user may push the body portion 3702 upward relative to the peripheral portion 3704, as illustrated by the arrows 3706. This may be achieved by a user pushing on the body portion 3702 from the bottom (e.g., with a thumb), while pulling down on the peripheral portion 3704.
As shown in
The tag 3700 may include guide mechanisms or features (e.g., guide pins and guide slots that engage the guide pins) to constrain the movement of the body portion 3702 relative to the peripheral portion 3704. For example, the guide mechanisms or features may guide the body portion 3702 so that it moves linearly relative to the peripheral portion 3704 and does not rotate relative to the peripheral portion 3704. The guide mechanisms or features may also limit the axial travel of the body portion 3702 relative to the peripheral portion 3704 and prevent them from separating from one another. Further, the guide mechanisms or features may include detents, latches, catches, or other features that tactilely indicate when the body portion 3702 is in a fully open or fully closed position, and also retain the body portion 3702 in a fully open or fully closed position.
The peripheral portion 3804 may be manipulated relative to the body portion 3802 to cause a battery cavity to be exposed. For example, a user may pivot the peripheral portion 3804 relative to the body portion 3802, as illustrated by the arrows 3806. This may be achieved by a user grasping the peripheral portion 3804 and twisting the peripheral portion 3804 about a diametrical axis of the body portion 3802, while holding the body portion 3802 stationary (or any equivalent manipulations).
As shown in
The tag 3800 may include a pivoting mechanism that pivotally couples the peripheral portion 3804 to the body portion 3802. The pivoting mechanism may include, for example, a complementary set of pins and receptacles (on the peripheral portion 3804 and body portion 3802) that engage to pivotally couple the components together. The tag 3800 may also include travel limiting features (such as lips, flanges, pins and slots, latches, catches, or other interacting structures) that limit the amount and/or direction that the peripheral portion 3804 can pivot about the body portion 3802. The tag 3800 may also include detents, latches, catches, or other features that tactilely indicate when the peripheral portion 3804 is in a fully open or fully closed position, relative to the body portion 3802, and also retain the peripheral portion 3804 in a fully open or fully closed position.
The peripheral portion 3904 may be formed from a compliant material that is attached to the body portion 3902 along a seam 3903, as shown in
The peripheral portion 3904 may be moved to the second configuration by a user applying a rolling or peeling force on the peripheral portion 3904.
The peripheral portion 3904 may be formed from or include a polymer material, such as an elastomeric material. The material and the shape of the peripheral portion 3904 may cooperate to produce the bistable (or non-bistable) configurations described above. The peripheral portion 3904 may be attached to the body portion 3902 (at the seam 3903) in any suitable way. For example, the peripheral portion 3904 may be mechanically engaged with the body portion 3902. In some cases, the peripheral portion 3904 and the body portion 3902 may be insert molded or co-molded to form a mechanical interlock (and optionally chemical or adhesive bond) that attaches the peripheral portion 3904 to the body portion 3902.
The first and second body portions 4002, 4004 may be separated from one another to reveal a battery cavity 4010 (
The first and second body portions 4002, 4004 may be separated by a press-and-twist interaction, whereby the user must apply an axial force (represented by arrows 4006) prior to and/or while applying a twisting force (represented by arrow 4008). The user may then separate the first and second body portions 4002, 4004, as shown in
Wirelessly locatable tags may have form factors other than round, puck-shaped tags as shown in various figures of the instant application. Even where other form factors are used, similar features, functions, mechanisms, and systems may be included in the tags.
The tag 4100 may include a first housing member 4102 and a second housing member 4104. The second housing member 4104 may be removable from the remainder of the tag 4100, and may be removed (e.g., by pulling the second housing member 4104 along the direction 4106) to expose a battery cavity and battery to facilitate battery replacement.
The tag 4100 may also include a latch mechanism 4116 that releasably retains the second housing member 4104 to the frame member 4114. The latch mechanism 4116 may include an outwardly-biased latching feature that engages a recess, cavity, or other feature in the second housing member 4104 to retain the second housing member 4104 to the frame member 4114, while also permitting the second housing member 4104 to be removed by a user. The latch mechanism 4116 may include a locking mechanism or component such that a user cannot detach the second housing member 4104 simply by pulling on it. For example, the tag 4100 may include a button that must be pushed in order to allow the latch mechanism 4116 to release the second housing member 4104.
The audio system 4120 may operate similar to other audio systems described herein. For example, a coil may be attached to an interior surface of the first housing member 4102, and a magnet may provide a magnetic field to allow the coil to operate as a speaker. By passing a signal (e.g., current) through the coil, a portion of the first housing member 4102 can move in a manner similar to a speaker diaphragm. Further, the audio system 4120 may be used to produce tactile outputs that a user can feel when touching the first housing member 4102. Of course, other types of audio systems and/or tactile output generators may be used instead of or in addition to the audio system 4120.
The third housing member 4206 may be removable to provide access to a battery cavity. For example,
In other respects, such as the component set and the function and arrangement of such components (including circuit boards, audio systems, antennas, etc.), the tag 4200 may be substantially similar to the tag 4100. Further, the tag 4200 may include any of the components and/or provide any of the features of any tag described herein.
The second housing member 4304 may act as a battery tray for the tag 4300. The second housing member 4304 may be slidably engaged with the tag 4300. For example, the second housing member 4304 may engage rails or slots of the first housing member 4302 (or defined by any other component of the tag 4300). The second housing member 4304 may be removed by pulling the second housing member 4304 outwardly (e.g., in a direction parallel to the long axis of the lozenge-shaped tag 4300). The tag 4300 may include retention features (e.g., clips, latches, locking mechanisms, etc.) that retain the second housing member 4304 in a closed configuration during use, and help prevent accidental removal of the second housing member 4304.
In other respects, such as the component set and the function and arrangement of such components (including circuit boards, audio systems, antennas, etc.), the tag 4500 may be substantially similar to other tags described herein.
The second housing member 4604 may be releasably retained to the first housing member 4602 (or any other suitable component of the tag 4600) via clips, latches, detents, channels, recesses, or any other suitable retention feature that retains the second housing member 4604 to the tag 4600) while allowing it to be detached if a user applies a sufficient force to overcome the retention force provided by the features. In other respects, such as the component set and the function and arrangement of such components (including circuit boards, audio systems, antennas, etc.), the tag 4600 may be substantially similar to other tags described herein.
The body portion 4702 may include a first housing member 4705, which may define part of a bottom surface and some or all of the peripheral surface of the tag 4700, and a second housing member 4703, which may define part of a top surface of the tag 4700. The battery holder 4704 may also define part of the top surface and part of the bottom surface of the tag 4700. More particularly, the top and bottom surfaces of the battery holder 4704 may define part of the exterior top and bottom surfaces of the tag 4700 itself. In this way, the battery holder 4704 may be manipulated by a user via direct contact with the surfaces of the battery holder 4704.
The battery holder 4704 may be opened by manipulating the battery holder in a manner similar to that described with respect to the tag 3500 (
The first housing member 4705 may define a first opening 4711 and the second housing member 4703 may define a second opening 4709. The battery holder 4704 may be accessible through the first and second openings 4711, 4709. More particularly, the exterior surfaces of the battery holder 4704 may be within the first and second openings 4711, 4709 such that a user can pinch the surfaces of the battery holder 4704 to apply the necessary manipulation to extend or retract the battery holder 4704.
The battery holder 4704 and the body portion 4702 may include features that engage one another to cause the battery holder 4704 to extend upwards when twisted relative to the body portion 4702. For example, in the example implementation shown in
The tag 4700 may include seals to prevent ingress of liquid, dust, or other contaminants into the tag 4700 when the battery holder 4704 is in the retracted configuration.
With reference to
The first and second sealing members 4808, 4814 may be formed of any suitable material, such as a compliant polymer material (e.g., an elastomer, silicone, or the like). They may be attached to their respective interface surfaces via adhesive or any other suitable attachment technique (e.g., co-molding, mechanical interlocking, etc.). While the first and second sealing members 4808, 4814 are shown attached to the battery holder 4704, they may instead be attached to the sealing surfaces of the housing members. Further, other configurations of interface surfaces, sealing surfaces, and sealing members are also contemplated.
In some cases, the guide slots 4716 may include bumps, catches, protrusions, or other features that provide a tactile indication that the battery holder 4704 is fully extended or fully retracted. Such features may also help retain the battery holder 4704 in the fully extended or retracted positions. In some cases, when the battery holder 4704 is in a fully retracted position (and retained in said position via the bumps, catches, protrusions, or other features), the sealing members may be compressed between their respective sealing and interface surfaces, thereby forming a positive seal against contaminants.
The tag 4900 may include device components 4908. The device components 4908 may include frames (e.g., frame members, antenna assemblies) circuit boards, circuit elements, processors, memory, sensors, radio circuitry (including antennas) for various wireless communications (e.g., UWB, WiFi, Bluetooth, etc.), or the like. Indeed, the device components 4908 may include any of the components that are used to provide the functions of a wireless tag as described herein. The tag 4900 may also include a battery 4912 to provide power for the electronic components.
The first and second housing members 4902, 4904 may be attached together via interlocking features defined by the first and second housing members 4902, 4904. For example, as shown in
The openings and clips may be unitary with the first and second housing members (e.g., formed as a single piece), or they may be separate components that are attached to the first and second housing members. For example, rings that define the openings and clips may be attached to the first and second housing members. Where separate components are attached together, the components may be formed of a different material than the housing members. For example, where the housing members are polymer, rings (or other components) defining the openings and clips may be formed from metal, a different polymer material, or the like. In some cases, the openings and clips may be distributed on the housing members differently. For example, each housing member may define some openings and some clips. Retention features other than clips and openings may be used instead of or in addition to openings and clips.
The tag 5000 may include device components 5016. The device components 5016 may include frames (e.g., frame members, antenna assemblies) circuit boards, circuit elements, processors, memory, sensors, radio circuitry (including antennas) for various wireless communications (e.g., UWB, WiFi, Bluetooth, etc.), or the like. Indeed, the device components 5016 may include any of the components that are used to provide the functions of a wireless tag as described herein. The tag 5000 may also include an audio system 5014, which may be any of the audio systems described herein (including, for example, an audio system that uses a portion of the second housing member 5008 as the diaphragm for producing audible output).
The tag 5100 may include a top housing member 5102, which may define a top surface and a peripheral side surface of the tag 5100, and a bottom housing member (or battery door) 5104. The bottom housing member 5104 may be removably coupled to the top housing member 5102, or another component of the tag 5100, using any of the attachment techniques described herein, such as those described with respect to
As described herein, the tag 5100 may include any suitable type of audio system. As shown, the tag 5100 includes an audio system, within the housing, that includes a speaker that produces audio outputs. Sound from the speaker exits the tag 5100 through speaker openings 5106 that extend through the top housing member 5102.
The tag 5100 also includes an audio system 5124, which may be positioned below the speaker openings 5106 and may include a speaker as described above. In some cases, the audio system 5124 includes a coil and magnet to move the top housing member as a diaphragm, similar to the other audio systems described herein.
The tag 5100 also includes a circuit board 5126. The circuit board 5126 may include device components such as circuit elements, processors, memory, sensors, radio circuitry (including antennas) for various wireless communications (e.g., UWB, WiFi, Bluetooth, etc.), or the like. The circuit board 5126 may have a shape that conforms to or otherwise allows the circuit board to be positioned next to the audio system 5124. For example, the circuit board 5126 may define a clearance area 5125, and the audio system 5124 may be nested or otherwise positioned in the clearance area 5125.
The tag 5100 may also include a frame member 5128. The frame member 5128 may define a battery cavity 5129 that receives the battery 5112. The frame member 5128 may also support other components of the tag 5100. For example, the circuit board 5126, antennas, and the audio system 5124 may be attached to the frame member 5128. Further, the top and bottom housing members 5102, 5104 may be attached to the frame member 5128. The frame member 5128 may perform some or all of the functions of the frame member 512 and/or antenna assembly 508 of the tag 500 (described above).
As shown in
As shown in
The battery cover 5204 may be releasably retained to the main body 5202 in any suitable way. For example, the battery cover 5204 may thread onto the main body 5202, or it may be retained using friction and/or an interference fit. The battery cover 5204 and/or the body 5202 may include locking or latching mechanisms to inhibit accidental removal of the battery cover 5204. More particularly, the battery cover 5204 may include latches, catches, or other features that must be released or disengaged (e.g., by squeezing, applying a tool, or the like) before the battery cover 5204 can be removed by pulling or twisting. The tag 5200 may include a sealing member 5228 configured to inhibit ingress of liquid, dust, or other contaminants into the tag 5200.
In some cases, the tag 5200 may have the same or substantially the same overall size and shape as a battery, such as an “AA” or “AAA” size battery (or any other size or form factor of battery). In such cases, the tag 5200 may be used in place of a conventional battery to allow convenient location tracking of many different battery-operated devices. Accordingly, a device like a remote control, flashlight, camera, or the like, may be made wirelessly locatable without having to attach an external component, modify the device, or otherwise change the functionality or usability of the device.
Where the tag 5200 is configured to replace a battery, the tag 5200 (or a different but similarly shaped tag) may define a positive terminal and a negative terminal on exterior locations that correspond to the locations of positive and negative terminals of an “AA” or other sized battery (e.g., at locations 5203, 5205 in
The third housing member 5306 may be removable to provide access to a battery cavity.
In other respects, such as the component set and the function and arrangement of such components (including circuit boards, audio systems, antennas, etc.), the tag 5300 may be substantially similar to other tags described herein, and the tag 5300 may include any of the components and/or provide any of the features of any tag described herein.
The tag 5400 is similar to the tag 5300, but has a different arrangement of components within the housing.
As described elsewhere herein, the functionality of a wirelessly locatable tag may be incorporated into other types of devices and/or integrated with other components, accessories, features, or the like. In one such example, as shown in
The tag 5600 may include a body portion 5602 and a cord portion 5604. The body portion 5602 may include some or all of the components that provide the functionality of a wirelessly locatable tag, such as circuit boards, circuit elements, processors, memory, sensors, radio circuitry (including antennas) for various wireless communications (e.g., UWB, WiFi, Bluetooth, etc.), or any other components that are used to provide the functions of a wireless tag as described herein. The cord portion 5604 may be a flexible rope, cable, or other member that can be attached to another object. In some cases, electronic components of the tag 5600 are housed in or incorporated in the cord portion 5604. For example, an antenna (e.g., a flexible conductor such as a wire or metallized thread) may be incorporated in the cord portion 5605. Flexible conductors incorporated into a cord portion may be used for other operations or features as well, such as carrying signals, detecting contact with other objects or people, or the like.
The body portion 5602 may define a first portion 5606 and a second portion 5608, which can be separate from one another to allow the loop to be opened and the tag 5600 to be attached to another object.
The tag 5600 may include sensors or other systems that detect whether the tag 5600 is in an open (
The tag 5600 may include input and/or output components accessible on the outside of the tag 5600. For example, the tag 5600 includes optional buttons 5612 with which a user may interact to control aspects of the tag 5600. For example, the buttons 5612 may control operations such as turning the tag 5600 on or off, causing the tag to enter a pairing mode, causing the tag to send a “lost” message, or the like. The buttons 5612 may include moving parts and mechanical actuating components (e.g., dome switches). In some cases, the buttons 5612 may be defined by touch-sensitive input regions (e.g., capacitive touch-sensing regions).
The tag 5600 may also include output components, such as a display 5614, which may include or use any suitable display technology such as LED, LCD, OLED, E ink, or the like. The display 5614 may display various types of information. For example, the display 5614 may display status information about the tag 5600, including battery charge level, an owner's name, the status of the tag (e.g., if it has been reported lost), or the like. In some cases, the display 5614 may display different information if the tag is reported lost. For example, upon receiving an indication that the tag has been reported to be lost, the display 5614 may begin displaying a message indicating that it has been reported lost and providing instructions on how the user wants the lost item to be handled (e.g., do not move from this location, return to owner, call owner, etc.).
The tag 5600 may also include indicator lights 5610. The indicator lights 5610 may be LEDs or any other suitable light sources. The indicator lights 5610 may indicate a status of the device, such as a power state, battery charge level, operating mode, lost/not lost status, or the like. In some cases, the indicator lights 5610 may be activated in response to the tag 5600 being reported lost. For example, the indicator lights may flash (or remain steadily illuminated) to alert nearby people to the presence of the tag and its status as being lost. The indicator lights 5610 may be used for other purposes as well.
The battery 5812 may be stacked above the wireless charging coil 5810. The battery 5812 may be charged by placing the tag 5800 on a suitable wireless charger, which may have a transmitting coil configured to inductively couple to the charging coil 5810 and provide wireless power to the coil 5810 that is then used to charge the battery. The device components 5814 may include control circuits that control the power being provided to the battery 5812 from the charging coil 5810.
The tag 5820 may also include first and second housing members 5824, 5822, and device components 5834, each of which may be the same as or similar to the corresponding components of the tag 5800. Further, the tags 5800, 5820 may include audio systems to provide audible and/or tactile outputs. The audio systems may include piezoelectric elements or other materials or components that can be implemented in a low-profile housing such as that shown in
The housing members of the various tags described herein (e.g., the components of the tags that define the exterior surfaces of the tags and/or the body portions of the tags) may be formed from any suitable material. For example, the housing members may be formed from or include polymers, metals, composites (e.g., fiber-reinforced polymers), or the like. Similarly, any of the frames, frame members, antenna assemblies, of the tags described herein may be formed from materials such as polymers, composites (e.g., fiber-reinforced polymers), or the like. Tag components such as frames, housing members, circuit boards, or the like, may be coupled to one another in various ways, including but not limited to ultrasonic welds, adhesives, heat stakes, rivets, mechanically interlocked features, laser welds, melt bonds, or the like.
While the various example tags described herein may focus on a particular set of components and features, the tags may include or provide more, fewer, or different components and features. For example, tags as described herein may include displays that can provide graphical outputs including text, images, or the like. Such displays may be incorporated in the tags so that they can be seen by a user. The displays may include any suitable display technology, including LED, LCD, OLED, E ink, or the like. Displays may also incorporate touch and/or force sensing systems that detect touch- and or force-based inputs applied to the display. Inputs applied to a touch- and/or force-sensitive display may control operational aspects of a tag, such as by changing operating modes, changing settings, inputting data, and the like. Tags may also include other visual output systems, such as indicator lights, which also provide visual output to a user (e.g., indicating an operating mode of the tag, a power state, whether the tag has been reported as lost, etc.).
As noted above, various different types of audio systems are contemplated for use with the wirelessly locatable tags described herein. For example, one type of audio system may use a wall of a housing member that defines an exterior surface of the tag as a sound-producing element or diaphragm. Another type of audio system may include a speaker that produces sound which then passes through openings in the housing. Yet another type of audio system is a piezoelectric element that can either move a portion of a housing member (as a diaphragm) or move a separate diaphragm or member to produce sound. It will be understood that tags that are described as using one type of audio system may additionally or instead use another type of audio system.
In order to begin using the tags described herein, an initialization or pairing process may be performed, in which the tag communicates with another device, such as a smartphone, laptop, desktop, or tablet computer, or the like. The initialization process may be used to associate a particular tag with a particular user or user account in the device-location relay network. The initialization process may also be used to establish a trusted communication link between the tag and a particular device. This trusted communication link may allow the device to interact with the tag in ways that are not accessible to other (e.g., untrusted) devices. For example, a tag that has been paired with a user's smartphone may allow that smartphone to control the operation of the tag, change its mode of operation, or the like, while other devices (e.g., devices with which the tag has not been paired) may be unable to perform these actions.
In some cases, an initialization mode may be entered by providing an input to a tag. For example, a tag may include a button, switch, or other input mechanism that a user can manipulate (e.g., push) to cause the tag to enter an initialization mode. When the input is detected by the tag, the tag may enter the initialization mode in which the tag may perform certain actions. For example, as described above, the tag may begin sending a beacon signal or change (e.g., increase) the frequency at which it is sending a beacon signal. The beacon signal may be a wireless communication via a Bluetooth protocol, a UWB protocol, or the like, and may be detectable by another device such as a smartphone or computer. Once an initialization process is complete, the tag may enter a “normal” operating mode, which may include changing (e.g., decreasing) the frequency of its beacon signal.
In some cases, tags may not have input devices, or they may be configured so that its input devices do not function to activate an initialization mode. In such cases, other techniques may be used to cause the device to enter an initialization mode. For example, a tag may be configured to enter an initialization mode in response to the onset of power being provided to the tag from a battery or other power source. In such cases, upon power being provided to the tag, the tag may activate an initialization mode for a duration, such as one minute, five minutes, or any other suitable duration. After this duration expires, the user can reactivate the initialization mode, if required, by removing and reinserting the battery (or otherwise interrupting the power supply to the tag). Where tags are provided or sold with the batteries in place, such as in one of the battery cavities of the tags described above, the tag may include an insulating material between the battery and a contact of a battery connector. Upon removal of the insulating material (which a user may simply pull out of the tag using a provided pull-tab or handle), power is supplied to the tag and the initialization mode is activated.
Other techniques for causing tags to activate an initialization mode are also contemplated. For example, a tag may include a battery door that can be moved between two positions. In a first position, the battery door may be securely retained to the tag but configured so that power does not flow from the battery to the tag's circuitry, and in a second position, the battery door may also be securely retained to the tag but configured so that power does flow to the tag's circuitry. The user can simply move the battery door from the first position to the second position, which will cause power to be provided to the tag's circuitry and thus activate the initialization mode. The flow of power from the battery may be interrupted by an internal switching mechanism, by physically separating the battery from a battery contact, or any other suitable technique. In some cases, the tag may include a sensor to determine the position of the battery door. For example, the tag may include a Hall effect sensor, optical sensor, capacitive sensor, or the like. Upon sensing that the battery door has been moved to the second position, the tag may activate the initialization mode.
As yet another example, a tag may be provided with a battery tray or door partially or fully detached from the rest of the tag. Attaching or inserting the battery tray or door may cause the tag to begin receiving power and thus enter the initialization mode. As another example, a tag may include an accelerometer, and upon detecting an acceleration or motion characteristic of a particular type of input (e.g., a tap, a particular pattern of taps, a shake, or the like), the tag may activate the initialization mode. As yet another example, if the tag includes an audio system that can be used to detect deformations of the housing (such as the audio systems described with respect to
The tag may include sensors that determine when the tag has been removed from packaging, and activate an initialization mode upon detecting that it has been removed from the packaging. For example, the tag may include a light sensor that detects when it is removed from an opaque packaging. As another example, it may include an oxygen sensor that detects when it is removed from a sealed packaging. As yet another example, it may include a Hall effect sensor, capacitive sensor, magnetic sensor, or other suitable sensor that detects when a conductive or magnetic component of a packaging (e.g., a strip of metal attached to a box lid) is moved away from the tag. As yet another example, tag packaging may include a spring-loading mechanism that imparts a characteristic motion to the tag when the packaging is opened. An accelerometer in the tag may detect the characteristic motion and trigger the initialization mode upon detecting the motion. As yet another example, tag packaging may include or define a Faraday cage, and the tag may activate an initialization mode upon detecting wireless signals (which may occur once the tag is removed from the Faraday cage).
When initializing a tag, a smartphone (or other device such as a tablet computer) communicates with the tag, as described above. The tag may be configured to activate or trigger an initialization mode on the smartphone. For example, as described herein, wirelessly locatable tags may include NFC antennas. The smartphone may include an NFC reader that can detect when it is within a certain distance of the NFC antenna of the tag (e.g., three inches, or any other suitable distance), and in response to detecting that it is within that distance, trigger an initialization mode or initialization process. This may include launching an application on the smartphone or displaying graphical objects (e.g., a graphical user interface) that guides a user through the initialization process.
In some cases, the tag itself may detect when an NFC reader of another device communicates with the tag via NFC, and upon detecting a communication with the other device, the tag may activate its initialization mode. Thus, the initialization mode of the tag may be activated by the action of bringing the tag and other device into close proximity (e.g., within NFC communication range, such as about three inches or less). In such cases, prior to bringing a smartphone into NFC range of the tag, the user may activate an application or otherwise cause his or her smartphone to enter a mode in which the phone's NFC reader will communicate with the tag. In this manner, initialization of the tag may be simplified and streamlined, as the user can simply request the initialization mode on a phone, tap the phone on the tag, and the initialization process will begin.
Tags described herein use batteries to provide power to the electrical components. The batteries may be non-rechargeable batteries, which can be replaced when they are exhausted, or they may be rechargeable batteries, which can be recharged and reused multiple times. Battery replacement, either of rechargeable or non-rechargeable batteries, may be facilitated by the housing designs, described herein, that provide access to a battery cavity to allow the batteries to be removed by a user. In implementations where rechargeable batteries are used, tags may be provided with non-removable batteries, and the tags may include charging components that allow the batteries to be recharged while they remain housed in the tags.
Various types of charging components may be incorporated into wirelessly locatable tags to facilitate the charging of rechargeable batteries.
The charger 5902 and tag 5900 may also include an alignment system to help a user properly align the tag 5900 relative to the charger 5902 to facilitate wireless charging. Such alignment systems may include magnets, complementary protrusions/recesses (or other complementary physical features), visual alignment indicators, or the like. While the charger 5902 is shown as a circular puck-style charger, this is merely one example embodiment of an external charging device, and the concepts discussed herein may apply equally or by analogy to other external charging devices, including charging mats, docks, electronic devices with built-in wireless charging functionality (e.g., alarm clocks, another electronic device such as a mobile phone or tablet computer), differently shaped chargers, or the like.
In some cases, it may be desirable to operate a wirelessly locatable tag indefinitely, without having to replace or recharge a battery. This may be particularly useful in cases where tags are used in static installations to help users locate certain objects (e.g., fire extinguishers, defibrillators), to automatically trigger users' devices to take certain actions (e.g., triggering a user interface object to appear on a user's phone when a user approaches a location such as a painting, retail display, or the like), or any other instance where tags are stationary and/or it is desired to provide continuous power or otherwise obviate the need to replace batteries (e.g., in a vehicle). To accommodate these and other use cases, mounting bases may be provided that attach to tags in place of the batteries (and optionally in place of a battery door). The mounting bases may securely support the tags and also provide electrical power to the tags instead of a battery.
The mounting base 6108 includes latch members 6110, which may have a shape that is the same as or substantially similar to the latch members 6106 of the bottom housing member 6104. For example, the latch members 6110 may be configured to engage the same features of the tag 6102 that the latch members 6106 engage to retain the bottom housing member 6104 to the tag 6102. In this way, the tag 6102 may be attached to and detached from the mounting base 6108 in substantially the same manner as the bottom housing member 6104 and without requiring a different set of attachment features in the tag 6102 for each of the bottom housing member and the mounting base.
The mounting base 6108 may also include a contact block 6112 that is disposed in the battery cavity of the tag 6102 when the tag 6102 is attached to the mounting base 6108. The contact block 6112 may have a shape that is the same as or similar to at least a portion of the battery that is designed to fit in the tag 6102. In this way, the contact block 6112 may extend into the battery cavity of the tag 6102 and engage the battery connector of the tag 6102 in a manner that is the same as or similar to the type of battery that powers the tag 6102.
The mounting base 6108 may include or be attached to a cable 6109, which may provide power (e.g., an input current) to the tag 6102 through the mounting base 6108, and more particularly, through conductive members that are integrated with the contact block and engage with the battery connector of the tag 6102. The contact block 6112 may be formed of a polymer or other insulating or substantially non-conductive material. The non-conductive material allows the mounting base 6108 to support conductive members (described with respect to
The first and second conductive members 6202, 6204 may provide electrical power to the tag 6102 to power the tag in the absence of the battery. The power provided may mimic the power provided by a battery. For example, the mounting base 6108 may provide 1.5 volt direct current to the tag 6102 via the first and second conductive members 6202, 6204. In some cases, the power delivered through the cable 6109 is 1.5 volt direct current, in which case the current may be provided directly from the cable 6109 to the first and second conductive members 6202, 6204. More generally, the power delivered through the cable 6109 may be supplied from a DC power supply that provides the same or similar DC power that would otherwise be provided by the battery or batteries that power the tag.
In other cases, the cable 6109 delivers electrical power with different characteristics to the mounting base 6108 (e.g., 120 volt alternating current, 5 volts direct current, etc.). In such cases, the mounting base 6108 may include one or more power conversion systems to convert incoming power to a voltage or current suitable to operate the tag 6102 (e.g., an ac-to-dc converter). Such systems may include, for example, air core or magnetic core transformers, switched-mode power supplies (e.g., boost converters, buck converters, boost-buck converters, or other chopper circuits), analog voltage regulation circuits (e.g., voltage regulators, voltage reducers, clamp circuits, voltage divider circuits, voltage multiplier circuits, compensation networks, rectifier circuits, inverter circuits, and the like), or the like. The cable 6109 may be permanently attached to the mounting base 6108 (as shown), or it may be removable. For example, the mounting base 6108 may include a port for receiving the plug of a USB cable or other suitable power cable.
The power cable 6109 may be configured to plug into a power supply. For example, the power cable 6109 may be configured to plug into a residential AC power supply. In some cases, instead of or in addition to the power cable 6109, a plug (e.g., a two- or three-prong plug) may be integrated with the mounting base. In such cases, when the mounting base 6108 is plugged into an outlet, the mounting base may be mechanically supported in place by the physical plug/outlet connection.
The first and second conductive members 6202, 6204 are arranged so that at least one of the first conductive members 6202 and at least one of the second conductive members 6204 contacts the battery connector of the tag 6102 regardless of the radial position of the tag 6102 relative to the mounting base 6108 when they are attached. In the example shown, the tag 6102 can be attached to the mounting base 6108 in three different orientations, due to the three latch members and three corresponding engagement features of the tag 6102. The first and second conductive members 6202, 6204 are arranged in three pairs so that power is supplied to the battery connector regardless of which orientation the tag 6102 is in. Other configurations of first and second conductive members 6202, 6204 are also contemplated to ensure that power is provided regardless of tag orientation. Further, the orientation, position, shape, or other aspect of the first and second conductive members 6202, 6204 may be designed in conjunction with the particular battery connector configuration of the tag 6102. Thus, while the arrangement of the first and second conductive members 6202, 6204 are configured to mate with the battery connector 900 (
The housing 6312 may define an opening 6311 through which the end of the cable 6109 may extend. The cable 6109 may include a strain relief structure 6309 that helps prevent damage to the cable 6109 (and/or termination points of the wires inside the housing 6312) due to bending or twisting relative to the housing 6312. The cable 6109 may include conductors 6310 that carry electrical power to the mounting base 6108 and that are terminated on a circuit board 6306. Where the cable 6109 includes other conductors that are not used for carrying power to the mounting base 6108 (e.g., wires for data transfer), those conductors may be terminated to the circuit board but not used (e.g., they may be grounded), or they may be terminated to communications circuitry to allow communications between the mounting base 6108 and other devices. The cable 6109 may include other components such as chokes, filters, or the like. The cable 6109 may have a plug or connector at a free end, such as a USB connector, a wall plug, or the like. In some cases, instead of a flexible cable such as the cable 6109, a power connector (e.g., a plug for a wall outlet) may be incorporated directly with the housing of the housing 6312 of the mounting base 6108. For example, a plug for a wall outlet may extend from a surface of the housing 6312. With such a system, a user can plug mounting bases directly into wall outlets and attach tags directly to those bases, thereby providing convenient power and mounting locations for the tags.
In some cases, a tag may be programmed, controlled, or communicated with through the mounting base 6108 via the cable 6109. Further, mounting bases may include additional components or circuitry that supplements that of an attached tag. For example, the mounting base 6108 may include communications systems (wired or wireless) that the tag lacks, or communications systems with a longer wireless range than the tag itself. In such cases, the tag may communicate with other devices (e.g., phones, computers, other tags) through the communications circuitry of the mounting base.
The circuit board 6306 may include other electronic components, such as processors, memory, power control circuitry, communications circuitry, or any other components that facilitate operation of the mounting base 6108 and/or an attached tag.
The housing 6312 may also define a barometric vent 6313. The barometric vent 6313 may be an opening that fluidly couples an interior volume of the mounting base 6108 to the exterior environment. As shown, the barometric vent 6313 fluidly couples the interior volume of the mounting base to the opening 6311. The opening 6311 may be fluidly coupled with the exterior environment even when the cable 6109 extends through the opening 6311. The barometric vent 6313 facilitates the equalization of pressure between the interior volume of the mounting base 6108, as well as the interior volume of an attached tag, and the exterior environment. The barometric vent 6313 may include other components such as screens, waterproof and air-permeable membranes, and the like. Further, the barometric vent 6313 may be positioned elsewhere on the housing 6312, such as through a bottom wall or side wall of the housing 6312.
The contact block 6112 may be attached to the housing 6312 and the circuit board 6306 via adhesive layers 6302, 6304, respectively. The adhesive layers (as well as the circuit board 6306) may include openings, gaps, or discontinuities, or otherwise be configured so that air can pass between an attached tag and the interior volume of the housing 6312, thereby facilitating pressure equalization throughout the assembly.
The first and/or second conductive members 6202, 6204 may be deflectable and/or deformable, and may be biased towards the battery connector of a tag to facilitate intimate contact between the first and/or second conductive members 6202, 6204 and the battery connector to ensure electrical conductivity between the deflectable arms and the conductive members.
The first deflectable arm 6508 may be biased downwards, while the first conductive member 6202 may be biased upwards. When the tag 6102 is coupled to the mounting base 6108, the first deflectable arm 6508 may be deflected upwards by the first conductive member 6202. In some cases, the first conductive member 6202 may be deflected downwards by the first deflectable arm 6508 (and/or it may be deflected downwards by a surface of the tag, such as a surface of the frame member 6502). The biasing forces of the first deflectable arm 6508 and the first conductive member 6202 thus force the first deflectable arm 6508 and first conductive member 6202 into contact with one another.
Additionally, the first conductive member 6202 may contact the bottom surface of the frame member 6502, thereby forcing the tag 6102 generally upwards relative to the mounting base 6108. This upward force on the tag 6102 may help retain the tag 6102 to the mounting base 6108. For example, as described above, a biasing force between the bottom housing member and the main body portion of a tag may provide a force that maintains the latch members of the bottom housing member in a secure engagement with the engagement features (e.g., recesses) of the tag. When the battery door is attached to the tag, this biasing force may be provided by a compliant member, such as the compliant member 518 (
The second deflectable arm 6510 may be biased towards the battery cavity (e.g., to the right in
The mounting base 6108 uses latch members 6110 to couple to the tag 6102. As noted, the latch members 6110 may be configured substantially the same as the latch members of the battery door used for the tag 6102. Thus, the operation of coupling the tag 6102 to the mounting base 6108 may be the same as or similar to the operation of coupling the battery door to the tag 6102. Where the tag 6102 is an embodiment of the tag 500, this may include pressing the tag 6102 and the mounting base 6108 together axially, and then twisting the tag 6102 relative to the mounting base 6108 to engage the latch members 6110 with a recess or undercut region that traps the latch members 6110 to retain the tag 6102 to the mounting base 6108. Other types of fastening mechanisms may be used instead of or in addition to the latch members 6110. For example,
While example mounting bases are described as engaging with the same features that are used to attach a battery door to the tag, this is not necessarily required. Rather, in some cases a battery door and a mounting base may attach to a tag using different mounting features or techniques. For example, a battery door may attach to a tag using an engagement between a latch member and a recess, while a mounting base may attach to the same tag using a threaded feature of the tag.
The contact block 6800 may also include a biasing member 6806 that is configured to apply a biasing force on the tag. As described above, a biasing force from a contact block may force latch members of a contact block into engagement with corresponding features of a tag. The biasing member 6806 may be a spring, foam, elastomer, or any other suitable material or component that can apply the requisite biasing force to the tag.
The foregoing example mounting bases describe some example features and/or mechanisms for attaching to tags. Of course, other configurations are also contemplated. For example, the features or members that are described as being on a mounting base may be provided on a tag instead, and the tag's features may instead be on the corresponding mounting base. Further, where tags use other types of mechanisms to retain a battery door or other housing member, a mounting base may use the same type of mechanism to attach to that tag.
One advantage of the size and form factor of the tags described herein is that they can be securely attached to numerous types of accessories using numerous attachment techniques and components. For example, accessories may be provided that allow the tag to be attached to a key ring (also referred to herein as a split ring), a wallet, a briefcase, a purse, an article of clothing, luggage, a notebook or tablet computer, a pet's collar, or any other item that a user desires to track with a wirelessly locatable tag, as described herein.
The tag retainer 6900 may define an opening 6910, defined along less than a complete circumference of the tag receptacle portion 6902, that allows the tag 300 to be placed in and removed from the tag retainer 6900. The tag retainer 6900 also includes a fastener 6908 that is configured to releasably secure the opening 6910 in a closed position. The fastener 6908 may also be configured to secure the attachment portion 6904 in a closed or looped position (as shown in
The fastener 6908 may be a snap, clip, button, or any other suitable fastener. In some cases, the fastener 6908 includes multiple snap elements to allow the opening 6910 in the tag receptacle portion 6902 to be fastened and unfastened independently of the loop formed in the attachment portion 6904. Stated another way, the loop in the attachment portion 6904 may be fastened and unfastened (e.g., to allow the tag retainer 6900 to be attached to or detached from other objects) while the opening 6910 remains fastened closed.
The tag receptacle portion 6902 may define a circular cavity in which the tag 300 is placed. The circular cavity may have a size and shape that generally corresponds to that of the tag 300, such that the surface of the tag receptacle portion 6902 that defines the cavity (e.g., the inner surface of the receptacle portion) touches and/or is in intimate contact with the exterior surfaces of the tag 300 when the tag 300 is in the cavity. This may help prevent movement of the tag 300 within the cavity and help secure the tag 300 in the cavity. Thus, for example, the size and shape of the cavity may be the same as or substantially the same as the size and shape of the tag 300.
The tag receptacle portion 6902 may have one or more openings 6912 that allow a user to see into the tag receptacle portion 6902 and easily determine if the tag 300 is or is not currently in the tag receptacle portion 6902. The openings 6912 may also allow speakers, microphones, environmental sensors, and/or other inputs and/or outputs of the tag 300 to access the outside environment. For example, at least one of the openings 6912 may be aligned with a portion of a tag housing that acts as a speaker diaphragm. In this manner, the surface of the housing that moves to produce audible and/or tactile outputs may be exposed and/or un-occluded so that audible and/or tactile outputs are not inhibited. The openings 6912 may be specifically configured in view of the tag 300 (or any tag for which the retainer 6900 is designed) to have sizes and/or shapes that are smaller than the tag 300, such that the tag 300 cannot fall out of the tag retainer 690 through the openings 6912. For example, the openings 6912 may be circular openings with a diameter that is less than the largest diameter of a circular tag. In some cases, the diameters (or the largest dimension) of the openings 6912 are less than about 3 inches, less than about 2 inches, or less than about 1 inch. Other embodiments may be completely enclosed or otherwise not provide visual access to the inside of the tag receptacle portion 6902.
The tag retainer 6900 may be formed from or include any suitable materials. For example, the tag retainer 6900 may be formed from leather, polymer (e.g., silicone, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)), fabric or cloth, or the like. If the tag retainer 6900 is formed of polymer, it may be formed as a single unitary polymer part (with the exception of the fastener 6908). The tag retainer 6900 may also be formed by joining multiple different layers, materials, and/or parts together. For example, the tag receptacle portion 6902 may include a first layer that defines a first portion of the tag receptacle portion 6902 (and optionally including the attachment portion 6904), and a second portion that defines a second portion of the tag receptacle portion 6902. The first layer may correspond to the material on the left side of the vertical seam shown in
The first and second layers may be sewn, stitched, adhered, or otherwise coupled together around part of the circumference of the tag receptacle portion 6902 to join the first and second layers while also defining the opening 6910 that allows the tag 300 to be inserted into and removed from the tag receptacle portion 6902. For example, the first layer may be adjacent the second layer along an interface region (e.g., the surfaces of the first and second layers that face and/or abut one another when the tag retainer 6900 is assembled and closed). The second layer may be attached to the first layer along a first segment of the interface region (e.g., around the bottom portion of the tag retainer, as illustrated in
The tag retainer 6920 may include a tag receptacle portion 6922 and an attachment portion or strap 6926. The tag receptacle portion 6922 is configured to receive and hold the tag 300 securely, and the strap 6926 is configured to attach the tag retainer 6920 to another object. As shown in
The tag retainer 6920 may define an opening 6929, defined along less than a complete circumference of the tag receptacle portion 6922, that allows the tag 300 to be placed in and removed from the tag retainer 6920. The tag retainer 6920 also includes a tab 6928 extending from the tag receptacle portion 6922 proximate the first opening 6929. The tab 6928 defines a strap opening 6930, that is configured to receive the strap 6926 therethrough (e.g., the strap 6926 is configured to extend through the opening 6930) to retain the first opening 6929 in a closed configuration. The strap 6926 is also configured to be removed from the strap opening 6930 to allow the first opening 6929 to expand to accept the tag 300.
The split ring 6934 may be removed from the strap 6926 to facilitate passing the strap 6926 through the opening 6930 and/or removing the strap 6926 from the opening 6930. When attached to the strap 6926, the size of the split ring 6934 may prevent the strap 6926 from being removed from the opening 6930, thereby maintaining the opening 6929 in a closed configuration. For example, a dimension of the split ring 6934 (e.g., a diameter) is larger than a dimension of the opening 6930 (e.g., a largest linear dimension of the opening), thereby preventing the terminal end of the strap 6926 from passing through the opening 6930 when the split ring 6934 is attached to the loop 6932 of the strap 6926.
The tag receptacle portion 6922 may define a circular cavity in which the tag 300 is placed. The circular cavity may have a size and shape that generally corresponds to that of the tag 300, such that the surface of the tag receptacle portion 6922 that defines the cavity (e.g., the inner surface of the tag receptacle portion 6922) touches and/or is in intimate contact with the exterior surfaces of the tag 300 when the tag 300 is in the cavity. This may help prevent movement of the tag 300 within the cavity and help secure the tag 300 in the cavity. Thus, for example, the size and shape of the cavity may be the same as or substantially the same as the size and shape of the tag 300.
The tag receptacle portion 6922 may have one or more openings 6924 that allow a user to see into the tag receptacle portion 6922 and easily determine if the tag 300 is or is not currently in the tag receptacle portion 6922. The openings 6924 may also allow speakers, microphones, environmental sensors, and/or other inputs and/or outputs of the tag 300 to access the outside environment. For example, at least one of the openings 6924 may be aligned with a portion of a tag housing that acts as a speaker diaphragm. In this manner, the surface of the housing that moves to produce audible and/or tactile outputs may be exposed and/or un-occluded so that audible and/or tactile outputs are not inhibited. Other embodiments may be completely enclosed or otherwise not provide visual access to the inside of the tag receptacle portion 6922.
The tag retainer 7000 may otherwise be similar in construction and use to the tag retainer 6900. For example,
The tag retainer 7100 may include a tag receptacle portion 7102 and a gripping portion 7104 (which may be used to grip the tag retainer and/or attach the tag retainer to another object). The tag receptacle portion 7102 may define a first opening 7106 along a first side of the tag receptacle portion 7102 and a second opening 7108 along a second side of the tag receptacle portion 7102. The first opening 7106 may be sized and configured so that a battery door of the tag 300 extends into the first opening 7106 when the tag 300 is positioned in the tag retainer 7100, and may be smaller than the second opening 7108. As shown in
The second opening 7108 may be sized and configured to allow the tag 300 to be placed in and removed from the tag retainer 7100. The second opening 7108 may be at least partially defined by or proximate to a tag retention feature 7110 that contacts the tag 300 and retains the tag 300 in the tag retainer 7100. The tag retention feature 7110 may be or resemble a lip, flange, protrusion, or other feature. The tag retention feature 7110 may extend around the entire circumference of the second opening 7108.
The tag 300 may be inserted into and removed from the tag retainer 7100 by deforming or stretching the second opening 7108 so that the tag 300 can be fit into the tag retainer 7100. The first and second openings 7106, 7108 may be configured to allow speakers, microphones, environmental sensors, and/or other inputs and/or outputs of the tag 300 to access the outside environment when the tag 300 is placed in the tag retainer 7100.
The tag retainer 7100 may also define a flange 7103 that extends at least partially (and optionally completely) around the outer periphery of the tag retainer 7100. The flange 7103 may allow the tag retainer 7100 to be attached to other objects. For example, the flange 7103 may be sewn, adhered, bonded, or otherwise attached to another object such as an article of clothing, a purse, a wallet, or the like. The gripping portion 7104 may be considered an extension of or enlarged portion of the flange 7103. The tag retainer 7100 may also define a vent similar to the vent 7204 (
The tag retainer 7200 defines a first opening 7202 that at least partially receives a battery door of the tag 300 (similar to the first opening 7106 of the tag retainer 7100) and a second opening 7206 that allows the tag 300 to be inserted into and removed from the tag retainer 7200. Similar to the tag retainer 7100, the second opening 7206 may be at least partially defined by or proximate to a tag retention feature 7208 (e.g., a lip, flange, protrusion) that contacts the tag 300 and retains the tag 300 in the tag retainer 7200.
The tag retainer 7200 may be adapted to be adhered to other components along a bottom surface 7210 of the tag retainer 7200. For example, an adhesive layer may be applied to the bottom surface 7210 to allow the tag retainer 7200 to be adhered to another object after the tag 300 is inserted into the tag retainer 7200. In some cases the adhesive may include a tear-away backing so that the tag retainer 7200 may be sold with the adhesive attached. A user can then simply place a tag 300 into the tag retainer 7200, remove the backing, and adhere the tag retainer 7200 to an object (e.g., a computer, luggage, a mobile phone, etc.).
The tag retainer 7200 may define a vent 7204 along the bottom surface 7210. The vent 7204 may fluidly couple the external environment around the tag retainer 7200 to the space defined between an outer surface 7211 of the tag 300 and the surface on which the tag retainer 7200 is mounted. This may allow sound produced by the tag 300 to be transmitted more effectively to the outside environment. More particularly, as described above, the tag 300 may include an audio system that produces audible output, optionally using the outer surface 7211 of the tag 300 as a speaker diaphragm. The vent 7204 may allow air pressure waves to exit the otherwise enclosed space between the tag 300 and the surface to which it is attached, so that the sounds can be more easily heard (e.g., the vent 7204 reduces the sound attenuation as compared to an un-vented tag retainer 7200). The size and shape of the tag retainer 7200 may be configured so that the volume defined between the outer surface 7211 of the tag 300 and a surface to which the tag retainer 7200 is attached operates as a Helmholtz resonator, or is otherwise tuned to provide satisfactory acoustic performance.
As noted above, the size and shape of the tags described herein may allow the tags to be secured to accessories in various different ways. For example, the tag retainers 6900 and 7000 contact the tag on multiple sides to partially (or fully) enclose the tag. The tag retainers 7100, 7200 have circumferential tag retention features (e.g., a circular lip around an opening) that retain a tag in the tag retainers. However, numerous other techniques for retaining a tag are also contemplated. As used herein, the structures and/or components used to retain a tag to an accessory or another object may be referred to as “tag retainers.” Thus, the tag retention features 7110 and 7208 may be examples of tag retainers.
When installing a tag into the tag retainer 7300, the body 7302 may be configured to stretch to allow an opening of the body 7302 to be enlarged to accommodate the tag, and then return to an un-stretched (or less stretched) configuration to bias the retention flanges 7304 into the housing gap. The retention flanges 7304 may be snapped into and out of position in the housing gap when inserting and removing the tag 300.
The retention flanges 7304 may be attached to the body 7302 in any suitable way. For example, the retention flanges 7304 may be inserted into a mold, and then material for the body 7302 may be injected into the mold to at least partially encapsulate the retention flanges 7304 and retain the retention flanges 7304 to the body 7302. The retention flanges 7304 may also be adhered to the body 7302 or secured in any other suitable way.
In order to attach or detach the tag 300 from the tag retainer 7400, the tag retainer 7400 is manipulated so that the spring member 7404 and the body 7402 can expand. For example, a force applied to the body 7402 (indicated by arrows 7407) may force engagement ends 7410 of the spring member 7404 against the tag 300, thereby allowing the engagement ends 7410 to spread apart, ultimately enlarging the opening in the body 7402 to allow the tag 300 to be more easily removed from or inserted into the opening.
In
Notably, the force that is required to easily detach the tag 300 from the tag retainer 7400 is in an opposite direction than the types of accidental forces that may be imparted to the tag 300 during use. For example, if the tag retainer 7400 is coupled to a purse via a strap 7411, if the tag 300 were to snag on another object such as a piece of clothing, the force would tend to pull the tag 300 away from the strap, which is in the opposite direction to the force that is used to decouple the tag 300. Forces in this direction may actually serve to further tighten or secure the tag 300 to the tag retainer 7400. In this way, the tag retainer 7400 may allow the tag 300 to be attached and detached easily, while reducing the risk of accidental detachment due to snags and the like.
In some cases the tag retainer 7400 may have a stiffening element (or the body 7402 may be formed from a sufficiently stiff material) so that the force applied to the body 7402 may be effectively transferred to the engagement ends 7410 of the spring element. For example, a strap or handle portion of the body 7402 may be formed from or include a metal, plastic, or other material that is stiffer than the portion of the body 7402 that defines the opening and engages the tag 300. The engagement ends 7410 of the spring member 7404 may define curved regions that are nearer to the tag 300 than other portions of the spring member 7404. These curved regions may result in a primary body/tag interface at location 7406 (
The spring member 7404 may be at least partially embedded in the body 7402. For example, the spring member 7404 and the body 7402 may be insert molded to produce the tag retainer 7400.
The tag retainers 7400 and 7500 each include an example spring member, though alternative types of spring members may be used in their place. For example, a c-clip may be used, and the c-clip may include holes for engaging an opening tool. In such cases, a tag may be coupled by forcing the c-clip open using a tool, inserting the tag into the opening, and removing the tool to allow the c-clip to force the tag retainer to engage the tag.
Once the tag 300 is in the opening of the tag retainer 7600, a portion of the body 7602 and the closed-ring spring member 7604 may be positioned in the housing gap under the overhang of the battery door, though there may remain a space 7608 between the body 7602 and the tag 300, resulting from the larger diameter of the opening 7601 to accommodate the greater stiffness (e.g., lower deformability) of the tag retainer 7600 due to the closed-ring spring member 7604.
The body 7902 includes or defines a clip feature 7904 that can be engaged and disengaged with a retaining portion 7906 of the body 7902 to selectively open or close the circular end. For example,
To act as a retention mechanism, the tag retainer 8000 includes a clip end 8004 and a post 8006. The clip end 8004 is configured to engage the post 8006 to retain the opening 8001 in a closed loop configuration.
The ratchet cords 8404, 8406 may be semi-permanently retained in the tightened position by the ratchet mechanisms 8408, 8410, such that they cannot be decoupled without damaging the ratchet mechanisms 8408, 8410, the tag 300, and/or some other portion of the tag retainer 8400. In other cases, the ratchet mechanisms 8408, 8410 may be selectively releasable, such that a user can release the ratchet mechanisms 8408, 8410 with a button, latch, lever, or other mechanism and detach the tag 300 from the tag retainer 8400. The ratchet cords 8404, 8406 may be formed from a polymer, metal, or any other suitable material, and may be at least partially embedded in the material of the body 8402 (which may be a polymer such as TPU, silicone, etc.).
The manipulation regions 8502 (also referred to herein as manipulators) are portions of the spring member 8500 that when pressed, pulled, or otherwise manipulated, allows the spring member 8500 to be easily decoupled from the tag 300. For example, as shown in
Whereas the spring member 8500 may be formed from a circular wire (in cross-section), the spring member 8600 may be formed from a wire or ribbon with an elongated (e.g., rectangular) cross-sectional shape. The non-circular cross-sectional shape may be exploited to provide advantageous physical and/or mechanical properties to the spring member 8600. For example, the spring member 8600 may be configured so the wider dimension is parallel with the radial dimension of the spring member 8600. This orientation may provide a greater stiffness or resistance to deformation in the engagement regions 8604 as compared to the manipulation regions 8602. The manipulation regions 8602, on the other hand, may have the cross-section rotated by about 90 degrees, thus allowing the forces 8606 to deform the manipulation regions 8602 while limiting deformation of the engagement regions 8604.
The manipulation regions 8702 may define coiled springs, as shown in
The spring member 9000 operates similar to the spring member 8500. For example, forces 9006 applied to the first and second manipulation regions 9002, 9003 cause the spring member 9000 to deform and define a gap 9008 (
In order to deform the spring member 9100 so that a tag 300 can be attached and/or detached, forces 9106 applied to the first and second manipulation regions 9102, 9103 cause the spring member 9100 to deform and define a gap 9108 (
The spring members shown and described with respect to
As noted above, the spring members shown and described with respect to
The body 9402 and the spring member 9404 may be configured to help prevent accidental detachment of the tag 300 from the tag retainer 9400. For example, when a force 9410 is applied to the tag 300 while the tag 300 is attached to the tag retainer 9400, the force may be transferred through the tag retainer to the object to which it is connected (as represented by arrow 9412). The force 9410 may correspond to the tag 300 snagging or catching on another object, such as may occur during normal everyday use of the tag retainer 9400. Because the force 9410 is being applied to the tag retainer 9400 through the tag 300 (at interface 9411), the opening in the body 9402 resists expansion and thus helps retain the tag 300 in place despite the force.
On the other hand, the tag 300 may be attached to and detached from the tag retainer 9400 by applying a force to the pull tab 9406.
The body 9502 may define a pull tab 9508. The pull tab 9508 may lack any spring members. As shown in
The spring member 9604 may define two spring arms 9606 that can be selectively secured together (or released) using a clip mechanism 9608.
The spring member 9804 may define engagement regions 9805 and an actuation region 9806. The engagement regions 9805 may be biased towards the tag 300 and engage the tag 300 in the housing gap. The actuation region 9806 may be defined by a curved portion of the spring member 9804, and may include or be coupled to a manipulation tab 9808 (which may be integral with the spring member 9804 or may be a separate component that is attached to the spring member 9804). The manipulation tab 9808 may be exposed or otherwise accessible to a user, and may be used to apply a force to the actuation region 9806 to expand the spring member 9804 to facilitate attachment and detachment of the tag 300. For example, the undeformed or unstressed configuration of the spring member 9804 may be shown in
The tag cover 9900 may include an engagement flange 9904 that defines a first opening, and a sidewall 9906 that defines a second opening. The engagement flange 9904 may be configured to extend into a housing gap of the tag 300, as shown in
With reference to
The engagement features 10002, 10012 may include clips, latches, detents, undercuts, and/or other features that help maintain the features 10002, 10012 in secure engagement. Such features may, for example, require a greater force to initially disengage the engagement features 10002, 10012, followed by a lower force requirement to fully slide the engagement features 10002, 10012 completely apart.
By attaching to the battery door, the main body portion 302 of the tag 300 is exposed and uncovered. As the main body portion 302, and more particularly the top housing member of the tag, may define a diaphragm-like member to produce audio outputs, attaching the tag retainer 10100 to the tag 300 in a manner that exposes the top housing member may help avoid degrading or muting the audio output.
While
The tag retainer 10110 may also include a flange 10114 and latching members 10116. The flange 10114 may resemble a similar structure of the battery door 304, and the latching members 10116 may have substantially the same size, shape, and overall configuration of the latching members of the battery door 304. The latching members 10116 may be configured to engage the tag 300 in the same or similar manner to the latching members of the battery door 304. In this manner, the main body portion 302 may be interchangeably attached to the battery door 304 or the tag retainer 10110 using the same engagement features of the main body portion 302.
As shown in
The battery door 10504 may include a bistable retraction mechanism and a compliant cover. The bistable retraction mechanism may operate similar to a retractable pen. For example, pressing the battery door 10504 when the bistable retraction mechanism is retracted (
The bistable flange 10704 may be formed from or include any suitable material. For example, the bistable flange 10704 may be formed from a polymer material such as a silicone, TPU, or the like. The bistable flange 10704 may be a single piece of material, or it may include multiple components. For example, the bistable flange 10704 may include an internal bistable member (e.g., a metal having a shape and/or material that produces a bistable configuration) with a compliant outer sheathing material (e.g., silicone, TPU, etc.). Other configurations are also contemplated.
The tag 10900 may also include optional magnetic components 10908 (e.g., magnets) that are configured to magnetically attract to the latch members 10916 to help draw the latch members 10916 into the channels 10906 and retain them in the channels 10906. The tag 10900 may also include optional repelling magnetic components 10922 (e.g., magnets having an opposite polarity to the magnets 10908) that are configured to repel the latch members 10916 out of the channels 10906 when the tag retainer 10910 is rotated (such that the latch members 10916 slide along the ramp segments 10920). The combination of the ramp segments 10920 and the repelling magnetic components 10922 may provide an impetus that causes the latch members 10916 to retract back into a retracted position in the tag retainer 10910.
The tag retainer 10910, shown in
The latch members 10916 may be spring-loaded so that they are biased in an outward or protruding position, or they may be unbiased. In other cases, they are biased in a retracted position, and are drawn into the channels 10906 due to a magnetic attraction between the latch members 10916 and the magnetic components 10908 in the tag retainer 10910.
The latch members 10916 may be formed or include magnetic materials (e.g., a ferromagnetic material, if the magnetic components 10908 are permanent magnets) to facilitate the latch members 10916 being pulled into and retained in the channels 10906. The tag retainer 10910 may also include magnetic components 10924 (e.g., magnets) that are configured to bias the latch members 10916 into the body of the tag retainer 10910 or retain the latch members 10916 in the withdrawn or retracted position. The strength of the magnetic attraction between the latch members 10916 and the magnet components 10924 may be less than that of the attraction between the latch members 10916 and the magnetic components 10908 in the tag. In this way, the latch members 10916 may be securely retained in the channels 10906 by the magnetic components 10908 until the latch members 10916 are forced out of the channels 10906 (e.g., by the ramp segments 10920 and/or repelling magnetic components 10922), at which time the weaker magnetic attraction from the magnetic components 10924 may overcome the reduced magnetic attraction from the magnetic components 10908, thereby drawing the latch members 10916 back into the tag retainer 10910 and retaining them in the retracted position. To attach the tag 10900 to the tag retainer 10910, the tag retainer 19010 may be positioned so that the latch members 10916 are aligned with the channels 10906. In this alignment, the magnetic attraction between the latch members 10916 and the magnetic components 10908 may overcome the attraction between the latch members 10916 and the magnetic components 10924, thereby drawing the latch members 10916 into the channels to retain the tag 10900 to the tag retainer 10910.
In order to detach the accessory 11100 from the tag 11000, a user may apply a force to the plunger 11008 of the accessory retention mechanism 11006 (indicated by arrow 11106,
The accessory 11100 may have an enclosed (e.g., circular) opening, similar to the tag retainer 7600, for example. Because the accessory retention mechanisms 11006 can retain an accessory to the tag without the accessory fully encircling the housing gap, the accessory 11100 does not necessarily require a continuous opening. For example, the accessory 11100 may be a straight strap-like accessory with a free end that is narrower than the width (e.g., diameter) of the tag 11000 and that extends into the housing gap 11015 only at a location proximate the accessory retention mechanism 11006. In some cases, an additional mechanism or retention feature is positioned on the tag 11000 on the opposite side of the accessory 11100 to retain the accessory 11100 from the underside as well.
The latch member 11406 and the tag 300 may have complementary shapes that allow the latch member 11406 to slide over the battery door of the tag 300 so that the tag 300 and the tag retainer 11400 can be attached and detached by a user. For example, if the tag retainer 11400 is pulled upwards (relative to the orientation shown in
As shown in
The tag 11600 may be attached to the accessory 11610 by aligning the tag 11600 with the opening in the accessory 11610 and pressing the tag 11600 and accessory 11610 together until the spring-loaded retention features 11606 slide or roll over the edge of the opening and into the recesses 11612 in the accessory 11610. The tag 11600 may be detached by reversing these operations, whereupon the spring-loaded retention features 11606 slide or roll out of the recesses 11612 to detach the tag 11600.
The cord retainer 11806 may have a clip, fastener, or other mechanism to which the free end of the cord 11808 may be secured after the cord 11808 is wrapped around the tag 300. The cord 11808 may be secured to the cord retainer 11806 in other ways instead of or in addition to the clip, fastener, or other mechanism. For example, the cord retainer 11806 may have a flange that defines an undercut region, and the cord 11808 may have a size and length such that the cord 11808 is compressed in the undercut region when the cord 11808 is wrapped around the tag 300 (e.g., similar to an envelope closure mechanism). As another example, the cord 11808 may be securely tied and/or knotted to the cord retainer 11806.
While the position of the retaining ring 11904 in the housing gap helps prevent the cord 11902 from slipping over the top of the battery door of the tag 300, the opening 11906 in the retaining ring 11904 helps prevent the cord 11902 from unwinding from around the tag 300. Without passing the cord 11902 through the opening 11906, for example, a pulling or tugging motion on the cord 11902 could pull the cord 11902 out of the housing gap despite the presence of the retaining ring 11904 in the housing gap. With the cord 11902 situated in the opening 11906, pulling or tugging forces on the free ends of the cord 11902 will not tend to pull the cord out of the housing gap. Structures or techniques other than the opening 11906 may also be used to prevent pulling forces from detaching the cord.
Many of the example tag retainers described herein are shown as having bodies with substantially uniform thicknesses (e.g., flat, plate- or sheet-like configurations). This is merely one possible configuration for the bodies, and in some cases the bodies may have different shapes and configurations, including shapes that have different thicknesses at different parts of the bodies.
While
The tag retainers shown in the figures are often depicted with a strap or elongated attachment portion (e.g., the attachment portion 7004,
As noted above, various tag retainers described herein may be used to attach a wirelessly locatable tag to another object, such as bags, purses, keys, and so forth. In some cases, tag retainers may be provided with clips that facilitate simple and convenient attachment to such objects.
The clip 12300 may be formed of a unitary piece of material, such as a single piece of metal. The clip 12300 may define an outer portion 12302 and an inner portion 12304. The outer and inner portions 12302, 12304 may be defined by forming a slit 12306 into the material of the clip 12300. The slit 12306 may be formed in any suitable manner, such as electrical discharge machining (EDM), plasma cutting, laser cutting, conventional machining or milling, or the like. The slit 12306 may define a small gap, such as equal to or less than about 200 microns, 100 microns, 50 microns, or 10 microns. The clip 12300 may be formed of any suitable material, such as metal (e.g., titanium, steel, aluminum, an alloy, etc.), polymer, carbon fiber, or the like.
The inner portion 12304 may be configured to bend or flex relative to the outer portion 12302 in response to an opening force being applied to the inner portion 12304. For example,
The clip 12400 may define an outer portion 12402 and an inner portion 12404. The outer and inner portions 12402, 12404 may be defined by forming a slit 12406 into the material of the clip 12400. The slit 12406 may be formed in any suitable manner, such as electrical discharge machining (EDM), plasma cutting, laser cutting, conventional machining or milling, or the like. The slit 12406 may define a small gap, such as equal to or less than about 200 microns, 100 microns, 50 microns, or 10 microns.
The inner portion 12404 may be configured to bend or flex relative to the outer portion 12402 in response to an opening force being applied to the inner portion 12404. For example,
The clip 12500 may define an outer portion 12502 and an inner portion 12504. The outer and inner portions 12502, 12504 may be defined by forming a slit 12506 into the material of the clip 12500. The slit 12506 may be formed in any suitable manner, such as electrical discharge machining (EDM), plasma cutting, laser cutting, conventional machining or milling, or the like. The slit 12506 may define a small gap, such as equal to or less than about 200 microns, 100 microns, 50 microns, or 10 microns.
The inner portion 12504 may be configured to bend or flex relative to the outer portion 12502 in response to an opening force being applied to the inner portion 12504. The inner portion 12504 may be biased towards a closed position (shown in
The clip 12500 may also define a lateral guide feature that inhibits the inner portion 12504 from deflecting laterally with respect to adjacent portions of the clip 12500. For example,
The clip 12600 may define a first ring member 12602 and a second ring member 12604, which may be biased against each other. The first and second ring members 12602, 12604 may operate in a manner similar to a split ring or key ring. For example, objects such as keys, straps, fobs, or the like may be attached to the clip 12600 by spreading the first and second ring members 12602, 12604 apart (e.g., at one of the ends 12608, 12610) and threading the object along one of the ring members until it becomes linked to the clip 12600. The clip 12600 may be formed of any suitable material, such as metal (e.g., titanium, steel, aluminum, an alloy, etc.), polymer, carbon fiber, or the like.
The clip 12700 may define an opening 12706 for attaching to a tag retainer. For example, the attachment portion 6904 of the tag retainer 6900 (
As described herein, the wirelessly locatable tag may be attached to and/or held in one of a variety of accessories or tag retainers. For example, as described above with respect to
As shown in
In the embodiment depicted in
The first element 13010 and the second element 13012 may form part of an accessory that may be generally referred to as a “soft good.” The soft good may be formed at least in part from a pliable or soft material that forms part of the lanyard, key fob, luggage tag, belt, band, or other accessory. The soft good may be formed from a textile, including a woven fabric or other type of cloth made from a network or matrix of fibers, whether natural or synthetic. The soft good may also be formed from a natural or synthetic sheet of a pliable material including, for example, natural rubber, urethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, silicone, fluoroelastomer, or a variety of other polymers. In some cases, the soft good may be formed from a composite material that includes multiple different materials and may also include non-pliable or rigid materials. The soft good may, for example, include one or more metal components that define clasps, rings, buckles, or other mechanical elements. In some implementations, the first element 13010 and the second element 13012 of the soft good are made from a laminate material having multiple layers that are bonded together. The outer layers may be formed from a softer material to provide comfort or a particular tactile feel and inner layers may have a higher tensile or compressive strength to improve the durability of the soft good. The inner layers may be formed from a high-strength material having a lower modulus of elasticity than the outer layers and may facilitate capture and retention of the snap 13000.
The snap 13000 of
As described in more detail below, the snap 13000 may include a compression ring 13002 that provides a retention force to maintain engagement of the snap 13000 when closed. The design and/or integration of the compression ring 13002 may be configured to reduce potentially undesirable noise like rattles and mechanical chatter. In the present embodiment, the compression ring 13002 is at least partially constrained by one or more compliant members 13004. The compliant member 13004 may help locate the compression ring 13002 while also helping to prevent rattling or other potentially undesirable acoustic effects. The compliant member 13004 may also be used to reduce or prevent the ingress or collection of debris or other foreign matter from accumulating in the snap 13000. Additionally or alternatively, the compression ring 13002 may also be twisted or have a non-planar shape that helps to reduce potentially undesirable noise. An example of a twisted or non-planar shape is described below with respect to
The compression ring 13002 may be a metal ring having a generally circular shape and a round wire profile. The compression ring 13002, in this example, is an open-section wire loop formed from a wire member that is bent into a circular shape and having a gap between opposing ends. In some cases, the compression ring 13002 is formed from a spring steel or high-carbon steel and is formed into circular shape having an open end or section that allows for expansion and/or compression of the compression ring 13002. For purposes of the following embodiments, the term “compression rings” may be used to refer to the compression ring 13002 as it is configured to exert an outward compressive force or retention force on mating components or surfaces. However, the term “compression ring” may also be used to refer to a ring that is configured to exert an inward compressive force, retention force, or other type of force to help maintain engagement of two assemblies of the snap. Elements referred to generally as compression rings may also be referred to as expansion rings, retaining rings, or simply as rings.
The compression ring 13002 is configured to engage with a mating feature on the female assembly or module 13030. In the example of
As shown in
As shown in
The compliant member 13004 may be formed from a compliant or deformable material that is soft enough to be locally deformed by the compression ring 13002 but also stiff enough to provide structural support and help constrain the compression ring 13002 within the groove 13022. The compliant member 13004 may be formed from an elastic material. In some implementations, the compliant member 13004 may be formed from a natural rubber or a synthetic or partially synthetic elastomer including, for example, silicone, neoprene Nitrile rubber, Butyl rubber, Poron, ethylene propylene (EPM) rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), fluorosilicone rubber, or other similar materials. In some cases, the compliant member 13004 is formed from multiple materials or has a composite construction that may include one or more polymers and/or one or more other materials.
In
The snap 13000 includes various components and elements that are used to couple the snap 13000 to the accessory. As shown in
The design of the flanges (13025, 13026, 13035, 13036) and/or the material of the first element 13010 and the second element 13012 may result in a snap 13000 that is substantially smaller than some traditional designs. In some examples, the amount of overlap between the flanges (13025, 13026, 13035, 13036) of the respective portions of the first element 13010 and the second element 13012 may be approximately half of a traditional overlap. In some cases, the overlap is less than 3 mm. In some cases, the overlap is less than 2.5 mm. In some cases, the overlap is less than 2 mm. In some cases, the overlap is approximately 1.5 mm or less.
As shown in
Similarly, as shown in
In this example, the inner component 13038 and the outer component 13037 cooperate to define a bore or opening that receives the protrusion component 13024 of the male assembly 13020. The inner component 13038 also defines the ramped surface 13032 that is configured to engage the compression ring 13002. The inner component 13038 also includes a chamfer 13039 or lead-in feature formed along the inner surface as a lead-in to the bore or opening that receives the male assembly 13020. The chamfer 13039 is configured to engage with the leading edge of the male assembly 13020, which may also include a similar chamfer or lead-in to facilitate alignment of the two assemblies 13020, 13030 when being snapped together or coupled. The chamfer 13039 may also be configured to engage with the compression ring 13002 and compress the compression ring 13002 inward while the two assemblies 13020, 13030 are being snapped together or coupled.
As shown in
The snap 13000 is also configured so that an inner surface of the first element 13010 contacts and seats against an inner surface of the second element 13012 when the male assembly 13020 is engaged with the female assembly 13030. As shown in
The various components of the snap 13000 may be formed from a variety of materials. In some implementations, the inner components 13028, 13038 and the outer components 13027, 13037 are formed from a metal material. The metal material may be a stainless steel, carbon steel, aluminum, titanium, or other metal or metal alloy. In some implementations, the outer components 13027, 13037 or exposed surfaces of the outer components 13027, 13037 are polished to provide a smooth finish along the exterior of the snap 13100. In some cases, one or more of the components are formed from a polymer or other synthetic material. For example, one or more of the components may be partially or fully over molded with a plastic material to improve the appearance and or tactile feel of the snap 13000. In some cases, one or more of the components are formed entirely from a plastic material.
In the examples of
The compression ring 13052 may have other non-flat or non-planar shapes that similarly constrain the compression ring 13052 within the groove 13082. For example, the compression ring 13052 may have a wavy shape, U-shape, or other non-flat shape that results in the compression ring 13052 contacting both opposing sidewalls of the groove 13082 in order to constrain the compression ring 13052 along the axial direction and reduce potential rattles or chatter. In some cases, the snaps 13000, 13050 include both a compliant member (as described above with respect to
Similar to the previous example, the snap 13100 includes a male assembly 13120 and a female assembly 13130. Also similar to the previous example, the snap 13100 includes a compression ring 13102 and a compliant member 13104 that are positioned at least partially within a groove 13132. In this example, instead of a groove being formed into a protrusion component of the male assembly, the groove 13132 is formed into a component of the female assembly 13130. Also, instead of exerting an outward force, the compression ring 13102 of the snap 13100 is configured to exert a (retaining) force in an inward direction toward ramped surface 13122 that is defined along a surface of the protrusion component 13124 of the male assembly 13120. The groove 13132 may extend around the circumference of the female assembly 13130, and may be referred to as a circumferential groove.
In the example snap 13100 of
In
The snap 13100 includes various components and elements that are used to couple the snap 13000 to the accessory. In particular, the snap 13100 also includes mounting flanges that couple the male and female assemblies 13120, 13130 to the respective first and second elements 13110, 13112. As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
In this example, the inner component 13138 and the outer component 13137 cooperate to define a bore or opening that receives the protrusion component 13124 of the male assembly 13120. As shown in
The protrusion component 13124 also includes a ramped surface 13122, which is configured to engage with the compression ring 13102 and may help retain engagement between the male assembly 13120 into the female assembly 13130. In general, the ramped surface 13122 is angled in a manner to draw the compression ring 13102 (and the female assembly 13130) inward or toward the male assembly 13130 to help maintain the engagement between the male assembly 13120 and the female assembly 13130. In this example, the tapered or ramped surface 13122 has a draft angle that generally extends outward in a direction that is opposite to the base of the protrusion component 13124 of the male assembly 13120. While the direction of the draft angle may change depending on the implementation, the tapered or ramped surface 13122 is generally configured to exert a force on the mating assembly that draws the two assemblies of the snap 13100 together. In some implementations, a detent feature like a local depression or groove is used instead of or in addition to the ramped surface 13122 in order to help retain the engagement with the compression ring 13102
As shown in
The snap 13100 is also configured so that an inner surface of the first element 13110 contacts and seats against an inner surface of the second element 13112 when the male assembly 13120 is engaged with the female assembly 13130. As shown in
In the examples of
The compression ring 13152 may have other non-flat or non-planar shapes that similarly constrain the compression ring 13152 within the groove 13182. For example, the compression ring 13152 may have a wavy shape, U-shape, or other non-flat shape that results in the compression ring 13152 contacting both opposing sidewalls of the groove 13182 in order to constrain the compression ring 13152 along the axial direction and reduce potential rattles or chatter. In some cases, the snaps 13100 and 13150 include both a compliant member (as described above with respect to
As described above, the snaps 13000, 13050, 13100, and 13150 of
As shown in
The snap includes a male assembly 13220 that is integrally formed as a single unitary element. The unitary element includes a protrusion portion defining the ramped surface 13222 and an inner flange 13224 that is configured to help retain the male assembly 13220 to the first element 13210. The male assembly 13220 may be stamped from a single monolithic sheet of metal and may be formed from a stainless steel, carbon steel, brass, or other material that can be formed into the geometry of the male assembly 13220 shown in
The male assembly 13220 is also attached to an end cap 13240, which defines an exterior cosmetic surface of the snap 13200. The male assembly 13220 may be attached to a rib 13244 of the end cap using an ultrasonic weld, laser weld, press fit, interference fit, adhesive, or other bonding technique. A cap top 13242 may be formed from a plastic material that is over molded over the rib 13244. The cap top 13242 may have a surface finish and color suitable for cosmetic and tactile requirements of the snap 13200. The cap top 13242 may also form an upper flange 13246 that helps retain the male assembly 13220 to the first element 13210. Similar to previous embodiments described herein, a portion of the first element 13210 is positioned between or sandwiched by the inner flange 13224 and the outer flange 13246 in order to retain the male assembly 13220.
The snap 13200 also includes a female assembly 13230 that is integrally formed as a single unitary element. The unitary element of the female assembly 13230 includes a recess or pocket portion that is configured to receive the protrusion of the male assembly 13220. The unitary element of the female assembly 13230 also forms an inner flange 13234 that is configured to help retain the female assembly 13230 to the second element 13212. The female assembly 13230 may be stamped from a single monolithic sheet of metal and may be formed from a stainless steel, carbon steel, brass, or other material that can be formed into the geometry of the female assembly 13230 shown in
The female assembly 13230 is also attached to an end cap 13250, which defines an exterior cosmetic surface of the snap 13200. The female assembly 13230 may be attached to a rib 13254 of the end cap using an ultrasonic weld, laser weld, press fit, interference fit, adhesive, or other bonding technique. A cap top 13252 may be formed from a plastic material that is over molded over the rib 13254. The cap top 13252 may have a surface finish and color suitable for cosmetic and tactile requirements of the snap 13200. The cap top 13252 may also form an upper flange 13256 that helps retain the female assembly 13230 to the second element 13212. Similar to previous embodiments described herein, a portion of the second element 13212 is positioned between or sandwiched by the inner flange 13234 and the outer flange 13256 in order to retain the female assembly 13230.
In this example, the female assembly 13230 includes a recess 13232 that receives the compression ring 13202. The recess 13232, also referred to as a groove, may be integrally formed from a bent or stamped region of the female assembly 13230. The recess 13232 may also be machined or formed using another suitable manufacturing technique. While not depicted in
As shown in
Similar to the previous examples, the snap 13260 includes a male assembly 13270 that is inserted into and engaged with a female assembly 13280. A compression ring 13262 engages a ramped or tapered surface on the protrusion component or element 13276 in order to help maintain engagement between the male assembly 13270 and the female assembly 13280. Similar to the previous examples, the compression ring 13262 may be retained within a groove or recess and rattle may be reduced by using a compliant member or compression ring having a twisted or non-flat shape. A similar description of such features have been described above and are not repeated here to reduce redundancy.
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
The snap also includes compliant members 13324 and 13334 that are positioned behind respective magnetic elements 13322, 13332 in order to reduce rattling or other undesirable effects. As shown in
The materials of the snap 13300 may be similar to the other example provided herein. In particular, the unitary pieces that form the male assembly 13320 and the female assembly 13330 may be a stamped stainless steel material or other metal alloy that allows for the magnetic coupling between the first and second magnetic elements 13322, 13332.
As discussed herein, the wireless tag may have a variety of features and functions that have a broad applicability and a large number of use cases. As described in more detail below with respect to
The watch body 13404, as an example base device, also includes a variety of other elements, components, and subsystems. A description of an example base device is provided below with respect to the electronic device 14000 of
The wireless module 13400 includes a wireless communication system, including a wireless communication circuit and antenna for wirelessly transmitting and receiving signals from a separate device. In this example, the wireless module 13400 includes a wireless communication system that is configured to operably connect or couple to the wireless communication system of the base device, which, in this case, is a smart watch 13405 or watch base 13404. The wireless link between the wireless module 13400 and the watch body 13404 may be automatically established when the band 13402 is installed or physically attached to the watch body 13404. The wireless link may be established in response to a sensor in the watch body 13404 detecting the presence of the band 13402 and/or through a manual setting provided by the user. In some cases, the wireless link may be established by determining that one or more of the respective internal sensors of the wireless module 13400 and the watch body 13404 are providing an output that indicates that the wireless module 13400 is coupled to the watch body 13404 by the band 13402. For example, accelerometer output, gyro sensor output, UWB sensing system output, GPS output, or other sensing system output may be used to determine if movement of the wireless module 13400 corresponds to movement of the watch body 13404 in a way that indicates that the devices are physically coupled.
Using the wireless communication link, sensor signals or data from the wireless module 13400 may be passed to the watch body 13404. As described herein, the sensor signals or data from the wireless module 13400 may be transmitted to the watch body 13404 as a wireless input signal, which is received by a corresponding wireless circuit of the watch body 13404. The display 13406 of the watch body 13404 may be responsive to the wireless input signal received from the wireless module 13400. By way of example, the wireless module 13400 may include a button or other input device that may be actuated in response to a user touch or finger press. As described in more detail below, the wireless module 13400 may include an electromechanical switch, capacitive touch sensor, force sensor, or other similar type of input device. In some cases, the wireless module 13400 includes an array of capacitive nodes or electrodes that are configured to determine a location of a touch, a gesture input, and/or a direction or path of a touch's movement on the surface of the wireless module 13400. The watch body 13404 may be responsive to an actuation of the input device on the wireless module 13400, which may be used to perform one or more of a variety of functions. By way of example, the watch body 13404 may be responsive to the input device in order to wake the watch body 13404, place the watch body 13404 in a sleep or hibernation mode, acknowledge receipt of an incoming message, silence an alarm or other output of the watch body 13404, initiate a payment for an electronic transaction, access a list of contacts or an address book on the watch body 13404, display a list of programs or apps running on the watch body 13404, access a previous screen or display of the graphical user interface displayed on the display 13406 of the watch body 13404, start or stop a stopwatch or other timing function of the watch 13404, initiate a running or activity tracking program or function of the watch body 13404, initiate or begin playing a song or other media for a media-player function of the watch body 13404, and/or perform another function on the watch body 13404. In some cases, the wireless module 13400 and/or the watch body 13404 may be programmable to replicate the functionality of one or more buttons 13408 of the watch body 13404. Similarly, the wireless module 13400 and/or the watch body 13404 may be programmable to replicate functionality of the touch- and/or force-sensitive surface of the display 13406 (e.g., the touchscreen). For example, an input provided to the wireless module 13400 may be used as a supplement to or replacement for a touch and/or force input on the display 13406. The wireless module 13400 may, for example, be configured to detect gesture or other dynamic touch input using a capacitive array of nodes or electrodes. The gesture and/or dynamic input may be used to replicate touch and gesture input that may be provided to the touch screen display. A touch, gesture, and/or force input to the wireless module 13400 may be used to select a graphical object displayed on the display 13406, change a display mode of the graphical user interface, actuate a virtual button displayed in the display 13406, scroll through a list of items on the display, perform a zoom function on the display, enter a passcode or signature gesture, or perform other functionality on the watch body 13404.
Using the wireless communication link, signals and/or data from the watch body 13404 may also be passed to the wireless module 13400 using a wireless input signal, wireless output signal, or other type of wireless signal. The wireless module 13400 may be responsive to such signals and/or data from the watch body 13404 and may be configured to perform one of a variety of functions or outputs in response to operations performed on the watch body 13404. In one example, the wireless module 13400 includes a haptic device or other device that is configured to produce a haptic output that is tactilely perceptible to the user. For example, the wireless module 13400 may include an electromagnetic or piezoelectric haptic engine that is configured to produce a vibration or other haptic output along an exterior surface of the wireless module 13400 that is likely to contact the user's skin. In this example, the wireless module 13400 may be configured to produce a haptic output along an inner surface of the wireless module 13400 that is likely to contact the user's wrist. The wireless module 13400 may also be configured to produce an acoustic or audio output using a speaker or other acoustic device in response to signals and/or data received from the watch body 13404. The wireless module 13400 may also include a display, light-emitting element (e.g., an LED), or other visual output device that is configured to produce a visual output in response to a signal received from the watch body 13404 and/or an internally generated command or instruction. For example, the wireless module 13400 may include a LED, array of LEDs, and/or a segmented display that is responsive to a signal received from the watch body 13404 and/or an internally generated command or instruction.
The wireless module 13400 may be responsive to activity on the watch body 13404 and produce an acoustic and/or haptic output in response to one or more of a variety of operational scenarios. For example, the wireless module 13400 may produce a haptic output, acoustic output, and/or visual output in response to: an alert or alarm initiated by the watch body 13404, a message received by the watch body 13404, or a selection of a graphical object on the display 13406 or touchscreen of the watch body 13404.
The wireless module 13400 may also be adapted to operate in concert with one or more subsystems operating on the watch body 13404. For example, the wireless module 13400 may provide a supplemental antenna or function as a wireless receiver for the watch body 13404. The wireless module 13400 may also include location-determining hardware like a global positioning system (GPS) sensor or the like and the wireless module 13400 may relay data and/or signals to the watch body 13404 to provide location information that may be used to determine the location of the user and/or supplement location-determining hardware that is incorporated into the watch body 13404. In accordance with other embodiments described herein, the wireless module 13400 may also include a wireless locating system (e.g., a UWB wireless system) that may be adapted to determine a relative and/or absolute location of the wireless module 13400 using one or more of the techniques described herein with respect to other example wirelessly locatable tags. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless module 13400 may include a wireless locating system, which may be used alone or in concert with one or more antennas of the watch body 13404 in order to improve accuracy of location-determining functionality of the watch body 13404. Similarly, the wireless module 13400 may also include one or more accelerometers, gyro sensors, magnetometers, or other sensors that may operate in coordination with one or more similar sensors incorporated into the watch body 13404 in order to improve a determination of device location, device orientation, user activity, user posture, or other similar functions. An example of the various hardware elements that may be included in the wireless module 13400 is described below with respect to
As shown in
The lower housing 13424 and the upper housing 13422 may be formed from similar materials as other wireless tag embodiments described herein. In particular, the lower housing 13424 may be formed from a metal, polymer, and/or composite material and may include one or more latches or catches that engage a respective mating feature of the upper housing 13422. In some cases, the lower housing 13424 is configured to be removable by a user in order to replace the battery 13428 or other internal components. Various removable doors and housing components are described with respect to other embodiments herein and not repeated with respect to this example to reduce redundancy.
As shown in
In this way, the wireless module 13400 may function as a remote button or additional input device for the watch 13405. As described previously, the watch body 13404 may be responsive to an actuation of the switch 13430 and perform one or more of the functions described above. One benefit to the use of a wireless module 13400 is that additional buttons or input devices may be added to the watch body 13404, which may have limited area for additional buttons or input devices. As discussed above, the wireless module 13400 may also include one or more electronic sensors that may be used to help determine the location and/or orientation of the watch body 13404, and/or help determine a user activity or position.
The additional functionality enabled by the wireless module 13400 can be provided without having to substantially modify or alter the hardware of the watch body 13404. In the embodiment of
In some cases, a band may include multiple wireless modules in order to provide additional user input devices and/or sensors. As depicted in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
The wireless communication circuitry may also be configured to communicate with external devices using the same protocol or another separate protocol. As described previously with respect to other wirelessly locatable tags described herein, the wireless module 13400 may have wireless communication circuitry that may be used to locate the wireless module 13400 (and thus also locate the base device—the watch 13405 or watch body 13404). In some cases, the wireless communication circuitry may be configured to generate or relay location data that may be used as part of a mesh or ad-hoc network of devices. Similar to as described above with respect to the other wirelessly locatable tag embodiments, the wireless module 13400 may be used to securely transmit location information about itself or another device using a digital key or other authentication technique. As such, the functionality of the wirelessly locatable tag, as described herein, may be added to a device by incorporating a wireless module 13400 into an accessory of the device. Because the wireless module 13400 includes a separate power supply (battery 13428) and circuit assembly 13426, the wireless module 13400 may operate independent of the base or host device while also being used to locate the base or host device (e.g., watch 13405 or watch body 13404) using one or more of the techniques described herein.
As discussed previously, the circuit assembly 13426 may also include one or more sensors including, without limitation, an accelerometer, gyro sensor, magnetometer, GPS sensor, or other similar type of sensor that may be used to track the location, orientation, and/or movement of the wireless module 13400. The circuit assembly 13426 may also include a microphone, speaker, or other audio component for producing an audio output and/or receiving an audio input. In some instances, the circuit assembly 13426 also includes one or more antennas, which may be used for wireless communication and or location using a UWB, time of flight, or other similar technique. The circuit assembly 13426 may also include one or more processors or processing units that are configured to execute instructions, software, firmware, code or other computer-executable instructions.
The circuit assembly 13426 may also include a near-field communication (NFC) circuit and antenna for wirelessly coupling to another device that is proximate to the wireless module 13400. In some cases, the NFC antenna is integrated with the wireless charging coil 13436. In some cases, the NFC antenna is a separate element or component that is electrically and/or structurally coupled with the circuit assembly 13426. In some cases, the NFC antenna is formed on or otherwise integrated into the circuit assembly 13426.
The wireless module 13400 may also include a display element and/or other visual output device. The display element may include a segmented display, LCD, OLED or other type of display element. In some cases, the circuit assembly 13426 includes one or more LEDs or other visual output devices that may provide a visual output along a surface of the wireless module 13400. The wireless modules 13400 may include one or more covers, light guides, light pipes, or other elements that enable the visual output of the display element and/or another visual output device.
As shown in
One example implementation may involve an integration of a separate heart-rate monitor that may be worn or otherwise coupled to a user in order to track and monitor a biological function or biometric of the user, like a heart rate. The heart rate monitor may include a sensor, a processor, and a wireless communication system that has been adapted or configured to wirelessly interface with a wireless module (similar to the wireless module 13400). For purposes of this example, the heart rate monitor may be characterized as an accessory, third-party device, or an external device and may produce a signal or data that corresponds to the measured biometric (e.g., a heart rate). The signal or data (first signal or first data) may be transmitted from the heart-rate monitor to the wireless module using a first wireless communication link (which may implement a first protocol or set of APIs). The wireless module may then relay a second signal or second data (that is based on the first signal or first data) to the base device using a second wireless communication link (which may implement a second protocol or set of APIs). The base device may display information related to the measurement of the biodata as part of a health monitoring software program or graphical user interface. Similarly, the wireless module may be used to pass signals or data from the base device to the heart rate monitor, which may include commands to initiate a measurement, stop a measurement, enter a designated power state, or other type of command or signal. Using the wireless module, the heart rate monitor may interface with a variety of base devices (e.g., a watch, a mobile phone, a tablet computing system) through a respective wireless module, without having to substantially alter a wireless interface or protocol. As a result, any base device having a suitably coupled wireless module may be used with the heart-rate monitor. A similar scheme may be used to couple a variety of external devices with a base device using a wireless module, as described herein. Example external devices include, without limitation, wireless speakers, wireless headsets, bar-code scanners, navigation systems, automobiles, home security systems, doorbell systems, thermostats, appliances, home automation systems, and the like.
The wireless module 13500 may be configured to wirelessly pair or connect to the watch 13504 in a similar fashion as described above with respect to
The wireless module 13500 includes many of the same components and functional elements as described above with respect to the wireless module 13400. An example of the various hardware elements that may be included in the wireless module 13500 is described below with respect to
By decoupling the switch 13530 from the other elements of the wireless module 13500, the functionality may be expanded without substantially altering the main components of the wireless module 13500. This may allow for a variety of watch band configurations having specialized or dedicated buttons that are adapted for a particular use case or functionality. For example, the wireless module 13500 may be integrated with a sports band and include multiple switches or buttons, each switch or button dedicated to a stopwatch function, fitness tracking function, or other similar sports-related function. By way of further example, the wireless module 13500 may be adapted for underwater use or for use while swimming. Due to the presence of water, the touch functionality of the touch screen display 13506 may not operate consistently or where gloves may impede the operation of a capacitive touch sensor. Key functionality or operations of the watch 13504 may be mapped to the one or more switches of the wireless module 13500 in order to allow for use when the device is wet or when a capacitive touch sensor may not be operable.
As shown in
The enclosure 13520 also includes a central ring 13550 that is positioned between the upper housing 13522 and the lower housing 13524. The central ring 13550 may be used to mount the circuit assembly 13526 and may help secure the wireless module 13500 to the band 13502. As shown in
As described herein, a wireless tag may be useful for a variety of applications. As described below with respect to
An array of wirelessly locatable tags (also referred to herein as “wireless tags” or simply “tags”) may be positioned or fixed with respect to various regions along a user's body in order to track and monitor a user's posture. As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
Each of the wireless tags 13600a-13600f is configured to use a wireless-location technology to determine a relative location with respect to one or more of the other wireless tags 13600a-13600f. In one implementation, each of the wireless tags 13600a-13600f is configured to use a respective UWB signal to determine a relative location of the respective wireless tag 13600a-13600f with respect to the electronic device 13610, also referred to herein as a base device, host device, or a reference device. As described previously, each of the wireless tags 13600a-13600f may be able to determine a relative distance to the electronic device 13610 using a time of flight (ToF), angle of arrival (AoA), time difference of arrival (TDOA) received signal strength indication (RSSI), triangulation, synthetic aperture, and/or any other similar techniques, one or more of which may be implemented using a UWB wireless system. The location and/or position information determined using each of the wireless tags 13600a-13600f may be transmitted to the electronic device 13610 as what may be referred to herein as a (wireless) locating signal. The wireless locating signal may include location data that corresponds to a distance between the respective wireless tag 13600a-13600f and the electronic device 13610 or another reference. In some cases, the wireless locating signal includes a UWB wireless pulse that is used to measure the relative distance using one or more of the aforementioned techniques. In other cases, the wireless locating signal may include locating data that includes a relative location or distance between tags or devices. In this case, the wireless locating signal may be transmitted using a wireless protocol that is different than a UWB pulse that is used to determine the relative location or distance. For example, the wireless locating data may be transmitted using a Bluetooth, WiFi, or other wireless transmission protocol.
The electronic device 13610 may be adapted to coordinate the various wireless locating signals to determine a relative location of each of the wireless tags 13600a-13600f. In some implementations, the electronic device 13610 may be able to determine an absolute location using a GPS signal or other absolute location determining technique, which may be used to determine an absolute and/or relative location of each of the wireless tags 13600a-13600f. In some implementations, a magnetometer and or accelerometer of the electronic device 13610 is used to determine a relative and/or absolute location of the wireless tags 13600a-13600f.
In some implementations, the wireless tags 13600a-13600f are configured to determine an estimated distance between each of the wireless tags 13600a-13600f without the use of an external electronic device 13610. For example, each of the wireless tags 13600a-13600f may be configured to operate as either a transmitter or a receiver in a time-of-flight or other wireless measurement scheme in order to determine a distance between a pair of wireless tags 13600a-13600f. In such embodiments, the wireless locating signal may comprise an estimate of a distance between one or more other wireless tags 13600a-13600f. In some cases, each of the wireless tags 13600a-13600f includes an accelerometer, magnetometer, or other element that is configured to determine a device orientation, which may be used to determine a relative location of each of the wireless tags 13600a-13600f. In some cases, the accelerometer, magnetometer, or other element that is configured to determine a device orientation provides additional information about the position of the user's body including torso or shoulder twist.
In some implementations, the wireless tags 13600a-13600f may be configured to use a grid or network of other wireless tags that are not attached to the user 13605 in order to determine a relative location of each of the wireless tags 13600a-13600f. Also, as suggested above, the wireless tags 13600a-13600f may be adapted to use multiple (external) electronic devices to determine a relative location. For example, three electronic devices may be used to “triangulate” multiple UWB signals and determine a relative location of each of the wireless tags 13600a-13600f.
The position and/or posture of the user 13605 may be monitored using the relative or absolute location of each of the wireless tags 13600a-13600f. The position of the user 13605 in
The posture monitoring system 13601 may be configured to detect a deviation or potentially problematic posture condition by measuring an actual posture, which may be measured on a regular or continuous basis and used to generate results, which may be provided to the user through a graphical user interface of the electronic device 13610.
The posture monitoring system 13601 may be configured to detect the user's posture using wireless locating signals received from one or more of the array of wireless tags 13600a-13600f. In the example of
Other example postures may be detected by the posture monitoring system 13601. For example, the posture monitoring system 13601 may be used to detect one or more common static postures that may be associated with chronic back pain or other health issues. Example static postures include a hollow back posture in which the lumbar region of the user's back is displaced or distorted in a direction toward the front of the user's body. Other example static postures include a flat pelvis in which the curvature of the user's lumbar region is straightened or flattened as compared to an ideal or nominal posture. Other example postures include slumped postures, military postures, rounded shoulder postures and other similar postures that may be observed through the position or curvature of the user's back from the side of the user's body. These postures may generally be referred to as bend metrics. The posture-monitoring system 13601 may also be used to detect various postures, which may be characterized by tilt or twist metrics including, for example, high or displaced shoulders, high or displaced hips, head tilts, and spinal twists including scoliosis and other spinal defects. The posture-monitoring system 13601 may also be used to detect various non-static posture defects that may be evident in a user's gait, running stride, bending motion, sitting motion, or other non-static scenarios.
The user's posture may be monitored over time and/or measured on a regular interval. If the regular interval is sufficiently small (e.g., less than about 1 second), the posture measurement may be characterized as continuous or substantially continuous. The posture measurements may be stored in a data log and used to display results to a user on a graphical user interface of the electronic device 13610 when requested. In some cases, a series or set of body measurements are used to compute an animation of an avatar or other computer-generated model. The computed avatar or other computer-generated model may be displayed on a display of the electronic device 13610.
In some cases, the body position or posture measurements are recorded in response to a determination that the user 13605 is in a static position. The static position may correspond to a standing static position, a sitting static position, a prone static position, or other static position. This determination may be made using the wireless locating signals (e.g., UWB beacon signals) a motion sensing system, accelerometers, magnetometers, or other sensors and sensing systems. If the user 13605 remains still for greater than a threshold amount of time (e.g., more than approximately 1 second), the system 13601 may determine that the user's position is at least momentarily static and a posture measurement or position measurement may be determined and stored in a log. In some cases, the one or more of the location sensors, particularly the leg sensors 13600e and 13600f are used to determine if the user 13605 is in static position, which may be used to trigger a posture measurement. In some cases, multiple posture measurements are taken and a time averaged or composite posture measurement is determined.
In some implementations, the user's position or posture is monitored by the posture-monitoring system 13601 for a minimum of 4 hours. In some cases, the user's posture is monitored by the posture-monitoring system 13601 for a minimum of 8 hours. In some cases, the user's posture is monitored by the posture-monitoring system 13601 for approximately 24 hours. In some cases, the user's posture is monitored by the posture-monitoring system 13601 for multiple days up to and including a week. In some cases, the user's posture is monitored by the posture-monitoring system 13601 for longer than a week. The user's posture may be monitored continuously or during periods in which it is predicted that the user is in a static posture. The static posture may correspond to a static condition, which may correspond to a standing, sitting, prone, sleeping, or other user position.
In some implementations, the posture-measurement system 13601 is configured to receive input from the user 13605 which may be used to indicate moments of pain or discomfort by the user 13605. In some cases, events or time periods that are associated with user pain or discomfort are used to trigger a posture measurement or flag a posture measurement that has already been taken (on a continuous or regular interval basis). The posture measurement(s) taken during an interval associated with a pain or discomfort event may be displayed to a user or medical personnel and used to identify a potentially problematic posture condition.
The posture-measurement system 13601 may be used to determine a number of different posture conditions. As shown in
While the shoulder twist depicted in
The number and location of the wireless tags may vary depending on the implementation.
The configuration of wireless tags 13800a-13800e depicted in
The configuration of wireless tags 13850a-13850d depicted in
As described herein, an array of wireless tags may be used to measure and monitor a user's posture. Similarly, an array of wireless tags may be positioned at various locations of a user's body and used to measure and monitor other user activity. Thus, the posture-monitoring systems described above may also be referred to as, more general, position-monitoring systems or simply monitoring systems. A position-monitoring system may be configured to track location data for one or more wireless tags over a period of time in order to identify an activity type. Example activity types include, for example, a weight lifting activity, a running activity, a biking activity, a sport activity (e.g., basketball, football, soccer), a yoga activity, a rowing activity, or other type of physical activity. The position-monitoring system may be configured to track location data for one or more wireless tags over a period of time in order to identify an athletic move including, for example, a bicep curl, a running step or stride, a walking step, a baseball throw, a football throw, a rowing stroke, or other type of athletic move. The position-monitoring system may be configured to count the number of athletic moves and, in some cases, estimate a calorie expenditure or activity level based, at least in part, on the number of athletic moves.
By way of further example, an array of wireless tags may be used to monitor exercise or sporting activity, which may be used to compute a health metric like calories used or power output. The wireless tags may also be used to monitor the kinematics of the user's activity like a running stride, swim stroke, baseball pitch, golf swing, or other similar kinematic motion, athletic move, or activity. In some implementations, an array of wireless tags may be used to count repetitions (reps) or other motions during an exercise or sporting activity. As mentioned above, the rep or motion count may be used to determine a more accurate estimate of calories burned or degree of exercise performed. The motion tracking information performed using the array of wireless tags may also be combined with other health-monitoring data like a heart rate or distance estimate in order to determine an estimate of a number of calories burned or a degree/amount of exercise performed.
The various wireless tags may be attached or coupled to the user by a variety of techniques. In some implementations, one or more of the wireless tags are incorporated into an article of clothing like a shirt or pants. For example, the wireless tags may be secured in one or more pockets or pouches of the clothing article that are configured to hold the respective wireless tag against the user's body in a particular location. This may require that some portion of the clothing be tightly or snugly fitted against the user's body to prevent or reduce an amount of independent movement of the wireless tag with respect to the portion of the user's body being monitored. In some cases, one or more of the wireless tags are attached to the user using an elastic band or wrap that extends around a body part of the user. For example, one or more of the wireless tags may be incorporated into a torso wrap that includes a stretchable or elastic material that extends around the torso of the user. In some implementations, one or more of the wireless tags are directly attached to the user by an adhesive or using an athletic tape.
In some implementations, one or more of the wireless tags are preprogrammed or otherwise configured to track a particular region of the user's body. For example, a wireless tag may be preprogrammed or otherwise configured to be positioned along a user's left shoulder region. Similarly, a wireless tag may be preprogrammed or otherwise configured to be positioned along a user's middle back, lumbar, leg, arm, head, or other region of the user's body. The preprogramming or configuration of the wireless tag may include a calibration or other set of coded values that may facilitate the use of the wireless tag in a particular body position. In one specific example, a wireless tag that is configured to be positioned along a user's shoulder may be adapted to measure a relative twist with respect to a complementary wireless tag that is configured to be positioned on the user's opposite shoulder.
The wireless tags described with respect to
In operation 13902, a user's posture is detected. As described above with respect to
In operation 13904, the system determines if the measured posture violates a condition or criteria. Similar to as described above with respect to
In an alternative embodiment, the system may determine a posture condition or activity condition. For example, the system may be used to determine a static posture that is not measured relative to an ideal or nominal posture. The static posture may be analyzed to determine one or more characteristics of the posture, which may be reported or presented to the user in operation 13906. Similarly, the system may be used to monitor a series of body positions, which may correspond to an activity or athletic move. By way of example, the system may use a series of position measurements taken using the wireless tags at a series of time intervals to monitor shoulder, arm, and/or torso movement during a golf swing, a baseball swing, a tennis swing, or other similar athletic move. By way of other example, the system may use a series of measurements taken using the wireless tags over a period of time or time interval to monitor a user's hip and leg position(s) during a running stride or walking gait. The posture and/or activity that is monitored using the system may be displayed to the user in a graphical manner, as explained below with respect to operation 13906.
In operation 13906, the system signals the posture to the user. As discussed previously, an indicia of the deviation or posture event may be provided to the user. In one example, the results of the posture measurement are displayed on an electronic device through a graphical user interface or other similar technique. As discussed previously, a tilt plane or other similar reference may be displayed, which may indicate the type and degree or extent of the deviation. In some cases, an anatomical representation of the user's body is displayed and one or more of the regions of the user's body are identified as being deviated from an ideal or nominal posture. The graphical user interface may also display a description of the problem and corrective actions or other diagnostic information to the user.
In one example embodiment, an animation is generated based on location or posture information obtained using the wireless tags of the posture-monitoring system. The animation may include an avatar or other computer-generated representation of the user. The position and/or motion simulated by the avatar may correspond to a position or motion of the user that is being tracked with the wireless tags. The animation or computer-simulated avatar may be used to help diagnose or identify potential issues with a user's posture. The location information obtained from the wireless tags may also be used to generate other graphical feedback or information that is presented to the user. In one example, the location information is used to determine an amount of deviation from a nominal or ideal posture. The amount of deviation may correspond to an amount of time or number of deviations in which the user's posture exceeded a threshold with respect to the nominal or ideal posture. In some cases, the deviation or other measurement metric is displayed graphically on a histogram, bar graph, chart, or other graphical representation.
Similarly, a static posture and/or user activity may be displayed using one of a variety of graphical techniques. For example, an avatar or other computer-generated representation of the user's body may be displayed in a position that corresponds to the position and/or posture monitored using the wireless tags of the system. Similarly, an animation of an avatar or other representation of the user's body may be computed using a series of positions captured using the wireless tags over a period of time or multiple time intervals. In some cases, the animation and/or static representation of the user's activity or posture may be used to diagnose a condition, improve an athletic move, diagnose a run stride, diagnose a walking gait, or perform other further analysis. Additionally, a haptic output, audio output, and/or visual output may be provided by individual wireless tags when the user's posture or position is determined to be out of compliance and/or in compliance with a goal or target position or posture. For example, one or more of the wireless tags may produce a haptic output that is perceptible along a corresponding region of the user's body that is out of position or otherwise violates a criteria or working envelope of the goal or target position or posture, which may help the user to correct the position or posture in real time. The output provided by the wireless tags may be used as an alternative to a separate display and/or in concert with a separate display to provide feedback to the user.
As described above, wirelessly locatable tags may be used to help find and retrieve lost and/or misplaced items. For example, a user can use a smartphone or other computing device to request and receive location data of a wirelessly locatable tag via the device-location relay network. This is merely one example use case for wirelessly locatable tags, however, and because the spatial parameters (e.g., position, location, orientation) of tags can be determined with a high degree of accuracy, the tags described herein (or any device incorporating the systems and/or features of the tags) may enable myriad new or improved location-based functions and use cases. Several additional examples of applications for wirelessly locatable tags are described herein. These uses and applications may be performed by any of the tags described herein.
Using the localization features of the wirelessly locatable tags (or other devices that include tags or include the functionality of the tags), a user may be able to establish geographic and/or location-based rules for their devices. For example, a user can establish a rule that if the user's tag (which may be in the user's wallet) and phone are separated by a threshold distance, the user should be alerted. Another example rule may be that if a user's tag remains near the user's home while the user's phone is away from home (e.g., 100 feet away), the user should be alerted. Another type of geographic and/or location-based rule may help avoid false reports of lost tags. For example, a user may be able to establish locations or geographic areas in which the tag will not report itself as being “lost,” so that other devices (e.g., devices not associated with the tag's owner) do not report the location of the tag.
Geographic and/or location based rules may be executed by a device other than the tag itself. For example, a user's smartphone, laptop or desktop computer, or other device may monitor the locations of a user's keys and a user's wallet (each of which may be attached to a tag), and alert the user when the threshold distance between the keys and wallet is reached. A notification may include sending a text message, email, push notification, haptic notification (via the user's phone or watch), or any other suitable notification technique. Distances between any example devices (including between tags) may be monitored (by a smartphone or other device of a user), and the user may be notified if the distance between the devices exceeds a threshold distance (or if any other distance condition is satisfied).
Notably, the localization techniques facilitated by the device-location relay network, such as using UWB signals, allow the location of a tag or other device to be determined to a high degree of accuracy (e.g., less than about three feet, less than about 1 foot, less than about 3 inches, or with even greater accuracy). Accordingly, the device-location relay network may allow a user to establish geographic and/or location-based rules that are more granular than previous techniques. For example, a user may establish a rule that they wish to be notified if their car keys have been placed in a drawer instead of on a countertop. Other types of high-resolution location-based rules and measurements are also feasible as a result of the improved location-finding accuracy.
Geographic and/or location based rules may be executed by a device that is controlled by the user (and/or in the user's possession) to help ensure security of the user's information. For example, instead of a remote server system accessing the locations of a user's tags to evaluate geographic and/or location-based rule sets, a user's phone may receive or access location reports of the user's tags, and the phone may determine when certain rules are satisfied. In some cases, a user may have multiple trusted devices that can individually or collectively evaluate the user's geographic and/or location-based rules. For example, a user's laptop computer, phone, tablet, desktop computer, home automation system, or the like, may all be authorized to access the location reports of the user's tags (or determine a location of a tag at least in part from signals received directly from a tag) and determine when a rule condition is satisfied.
In these examples, as well as others described herein, a tag's spatial parameters may be determined in various ways. For example, in some cases, any device in the device-location relay network (even those not associated with the owner of a tag) may detect a signal from a tag, determine or estimate a location of the tag, and send a location report to a server of a cloud-based service. The owner of the tag may then access those location reports at any time. In other cases, a user's own device(s) may determine the position and/or location of the user's nearby tags in real-time. Thus, for example, if a user wishes to know the location of his nearby tags, he may cause his phone (or other device) to communicate directly with the nearby tags to determine their locations, or at least their positions relative to other devices. Direct communications with a tag (e.g., using UWB to determine the position of the tag) may provide faster, real-time location information than retrieving location reports, and may enable additional use cases and features that would be less practical if all location information were served to the user's devices from a remote, cloud-based system. For ease of reference, it will be understood that both of these techniques are considered to be provided by the device-location relay network, regardless of whether a cloud-based system is accessed, or if only the user's own devices are used to determine spatial parameters of tags via local communications (direct tag-to-phone communications, for example).
Due to its high accuracy, the device-location relay network may allow accurate distance measurements between tags. For example, if two objects have tags coupled to them, the device-location relay network may determine the location of each tag (e.g., using UWB location-finding techniques described herein) and determine the distance between the objects based on the absolute locations of the tags. Measuring a distance between two objects may be used for geofencing rules that rely on relative positions or distances between two objects, as described above. For example, as described above, a user may establish a rule that he wants to receive a notification if his wallet and keys are more than ten feet apart. The device-location relay network may monitor the distance between those objects and trigger notifications when the distance condition is satisfied. As another example, speakers of a home audio system may each have attached tags (or incorporate components of a tag), and the device-location relay network may measure the distance between tags, the position of tags relative to each other, and/or the orientation of the tags (and thus the speakers) to help the user position and/or align the speakers in their home environment. As yet another example, a user may place a tag on a vehicle bumper, and another on a garage wall. The device-location relay network may determine the distance between these tags and alert the user when they are within a threshold distance (e.g., to allow the user to park their car in a consistent and safe location and avoid a collision with the garage wall). As described above, the distance between tags may be determined based on tag-to-tag communications, and the orientations of tags may be determined using magnetometers, accelerometers, or the like.
Tags may also be used to help a user track their own path of travel. For example, a user may leave tags behind as they hike, walk, or move about an environment. The device-location relay network may allow the user to use the locations of the tags (which may be supplied via other devices in the device-location relay network) to retrace their path. For example, the user's phone may display a compass-like directional indicator indicating which way to travel to reach the next tag, or it may display a map showing the locations of the tags (and an optional path defined by the tag locations). Because phones and other devices can determine the direction to a tag locally (e.g., without accessing a remote server or host system), this pathfinding technique can be used even in remote locations where cellular or other network service is unavailable.
When permitted by a user, tags may also be used to track the locations of individuals for search-and-rescue or other emergency operations. For example, a skier, hiker, cyclist, mountaineer, or other individual may attach a tag to themselves so that rescuers can find the individual in the case of an emergency such as an avalanche, blizzard, accident, or the like. Even outside of recreational uses, tags may help rescuers or other emergency personnel locate individuals who are in trouble. For example, after an earthquake, hurricane, fire, medical event, or any other time it may be advantageous for an individual to be easily located by others, the individual may selectively permit the device-location relay network to access and report his or her location to other users. More particularly, a user who has a tag on or near their person may use their phone (or other device) to report themselves to the device-location relay network as “in need of assistance” or another such designation. This may allow the device-location relay network to report the location of the user's tag to medical personnel, firefighters, police, family, or other service providers so that the user can be more easily found and assisted.
In some cases, a user may select a particular triggering event that will cause their location to become public. For example, an individual may establish a rule that if their location does not change during a thirty minute interval, then they should be reported to the device-location relay network as “in need of assistance,” at which time the location reports of the user's tag (or other device) may be accessible to emergency personnel or predetermined contacts. Such rules may help ensure that a user who has become unable to manually initiate an assistance request (e.g., due to an injury during a recreational activity, a fall, a storm or fire, or the like) can still take advantage of the location-finding abilities of the device-location relay network, while also still maintaining control over their personal location information.
The device-location relay network may also be used to help map three-dimensional spaces using one or more tags or devices. For example, a user may carry a tag on their person as they go about their day, or move other devices or tags around their environment (e.g., placing their keys or phone on various surfaces or objects). The device-location relay network may securely monitor the location of the tags and, over time, construct a three-dimensional model of the user's home or work environment. More particularly, the tags' locations may be analyzed by one or more of the user's devices to predict the locations of tables, furniture, walls, and other physical objects and obstacles in the user's environment. For example, if a map of a tag's location over time shows that the tag is often at rest in a location that is about three feet above the ground, and within an area of about three feet by six feet, the user's device(s) may infer that that location corresponds to a table. In this way, a user's devices may generate a three-dimensional map of an area based on location history of one or more tags. This information may then be used, for example, to help a user locate objects, avoid obstacles, or identify patterns of behavior and/or motion. If the user then loses her wallet and uses the device-location relay network to help find it, she may be provided with an automatically generated suggestion that it may be on the “kitchen table,” even if the user has never manually established or input a location of a table.
In some cases, users may manually establish the locations of physical objects in their environment by touching a tag to the object and associating that location with a particular object. For example, a user may initiate a location-learning mode (e.g., by applying an input to the tag or to another device) and then place a tag on a table. The device-location relay network may then determine the location of the tag and allow the user to associate that location with the object “table” (e.g., via an interface on the user's phone or computer). A user may perform a similar action with other objects as well, such as walls, desks, doors, beds, closets, pools, or any other suitable object. Where maps of a user's environment are generated, they may be securely stored and accessible only to the user. For example, they may be stored locally on one or more of the user's own devices, or they may be encrypted or otherwise secured and stored remotely (e.g., on a server associated with the cloud-based service).
Tags may also be used to help users locate and interact with stationary objects. For example, a tag may be placed at or near an emergency exit to a building so that, when needed, individuals can use their phone or other device to locate and navigate to the emergency exit (e.g., by showing a direction-indicating arrow on the screen of their phone or other device to guide them towards the exit). Similarly, tags may be placed at multiple locations along an exit route so that users' phones can locate the tags and guide a user along the exit route. The tags may even communicate information to the devices such as identifiers of the physical structure or object that they are associated with. For example, when a phone or tablet communicates with a tag to determine a location of the tag, the tag may send information to the phone or tablet. The information may include, for example, a name of the associated object (e.g., fire exit, fire extinguisher, defibrillator, etc.), a physical location of the object (e.g., ground floor, front hallway, etc.), or the like. Such information may be stored by the tags, and may be provided to other devices as part of a location-finding process, or it may be broadcast periodically regardless of whether the information has been explicitly requested.
The device 14000 may determine the position of each object by communicating with each tag. For example, the tags may send signals using Bluetooth and/or UWB communication protocols, and the device 14000 may use techniques such as time of flight (ToF), angle of arrival (AoA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), received signal strength indication (RSSI), triangulation, synthetic aperture, and/or any other suitable technique, to determine positions of the tags relative to the device 14000. Using the detected position of the tags (and optionally spatial parameters of the device 14000 from onboard sensors such as accelerometers, magnetometers, gyroscopes, GPS systems, or the like), the device 14000 may display a directional indicator that points towards the tags. As shown in
The objects and indicators shown in
Tags in buildings and other structures may also be employed to help individuals with vision impairment navigate the buildings or structures. For example, assistive devices may determine the distance to and/or location of various tags positioned in an area, and provide outputs to a user that can help them navigate the area. As one specific example, an assistive device on the person of a user may communicate with nearby tags on walls or other obstacles to determine a distance between the device and the nearby tags. The assistive device may provide an output to the user to indicate the distance and/or direction to the tags (or to a path that avoids the tags) to help the user avoid those areas. One example output from an assistive device may be a subtle vibration with a frequency that increases as the distance between the device and the tag decreases.
In cases where tags are mounted on obstacles or walls, the tags may store offset information that indicates where a device (e.g., an assistive device, smartphone) should direct the user. Thus, instead of a tag causing a device to direct a user towards an obstacle, the tag instead causes the device to direct the user to a location or along a path that avoids the obstacle. The offset information may be sent to the user's device, which may then determine where to direct the user based on the tag's detected location, the offset, and the device's location.
Tags may also be placed along paths, trails, ski runs, or other outdoor environments to help guide users. Such tags may also facilitate or trigger the display of objects in an augmented reality environment. For example, a user can raise his or her phone to a tag on a ski run to cause a name of the ski run to be presented on the user's phone display.
Tags may also be used for augmented reality (AR) applications. In particular, because the spatial parameters of a tag can be determined with a high degree of accuracy (e.g., within a foot of the actual location, or less), a device such as a phone, tablet, head-mounted display, or the like, may use onboard sensors (e.g., magnetometers, accelerometers, inertial positioning systems, GPS) to determine how the device is oriented relative to the tag. The device may take some action or display some information to the user as a result of detecting that the device is pointed at the tag. For example, if a tag is positioned next to a light switch, a user may direct her phone camera towards the tag, which may cause her phone's display to automatically show information about the light switch, such as what light it controls. The information may be integrated into the real-time image preview shown on the user's phone, thus providing an AR interface. As another example, a tag next to the Mona Lisa may cause a description of the famous painting to appear, in a device display, next to the Mona Lisa itself. As yet another example, a user may scan a phone's camera around a room or environment, and the locations and/or descriptions of detectable tags may be indicated on the image preview (e.g., with an item description bubble and arrow pointing to the tag). In this way, the user can easily visualize the location of various different tags in an environment.
The device 14100 may display an AR interface 14104 on a display. The AR interface may include a live preview of the environment from a camera of the device 14100. The device 14100 may determine the position and/or location of the tag 14102 using techniques described herein (e.g., using time of flight analysis on a UWB signal from the tag 14102). Based on the tag's position and the orientation of the device 14100 relative to the tag (e.g., the direction that the camera of the device 14100 is pointing relative to the position of the tag 14102), the device may determine how the device's orientation would need to be changed in order to bring the tag 14102 into the camera's field of view. The device may then display a directional indicator 14106, such as an arrow, that indicates to the user where to point or reorient the device 14100 to locate the tag 14102.
The directional indicators in the AR interface 14104 may be continuously updated based on the position of the tag 14102 relative to the device 14100 (and optionally the orientation of the device 14100). Thus, for example, as the user moves and/or reorients the device 14100 while viewing the AR interface 14104, the directional indicators may be continuously updated to point the user towards one or more tags. The user may thus use the directional indicator as a compass-like guide that ultimately directs the user to the tag.
In some cases, multiple properties of a directional indicator change based on the distance to a tag. For example, the length of a displayed arrow may vary in accordance with the distance between the device 14100 and the tag 14102 (e.g., with a longer arrow indicating a greater distance), while the direction of the arrow indicates the position of the tag relative to the device 14100. Other types of information may also be displayed on the AR interface 14104, such as a numerical indicator of the distance to an object (e.g., in feet or meters), a proposed direction to move the device 14100 (e.g., up, down, left, right), or the like.
Devices other than tags, but which include the functions of a tag, may also be located and displayed to a user in an AR interface. For example, laptop computers, tablet computers, smartphones, WiFi routers, or the like, may include the same or similar components as the tag, and thus may be located by a device and incorporated into an AR interface. This may help a user find their own devices or devices with which they may want to interact. For example, a user can use a smartphone to view an AR interface that shows a live preview of the environment (through the camera). The AR interface may direct the user towards wirelessly locatable devices, and when such objects are within the live preview, show the device and a description of the device. In a specific example, the user can use the AR interface to scan or view a room to find a WiFi router so that he can approach the router to establish a connection. When the user points his or her phone camera towards the WiFi router, a graphical object may appear on the display indicating that the object is a WiFi router, and optionally provide information about the router such as an associated network name, password, wireless protocol, or the like.
Tags may also be used to facilitate augmented reality for gaming or other entertainment purposes. For example, tags may be used as game pieces. Because the devices can determine the locations of the tags with high accuracy, the devices can visually replace the tags in an augmented reality environment with computer-generated graphics. As one specific example, a game of chess may be played with each piece representing one of the chess pieces. Users may view the tags through a headset (or other device) and the headset may replace the images of the tags with animations of the chess characters, including animated battles between the characters, or the like.
As another example, tags may be attached to a user's body to allow a computer system to track the position of the tags and use position and changes in position (e.g., motion) of the tags to control an avatar that is displayed on a display (e.g., a television, head-mounted display), or the like.
The application shown in
A user's body motions may also be used to control an avatar in a game or augmented or virtual reality environment. For example, the user's body movements may be tracked and translated into movements of the in-game or in-environment avatar, which may in turn interact with other in-game or in-environment objects or characters.
The device-location relay network may also use the highly accurate distance- and/or position-finding functions for features that are not necessarily evident to a user. For example, a long-range wireless charging system may be able to improve its operation by having accurate position estimates of devices in its range. More particularly, a long-range wireless charging system may use highly directional, aimable electromagnetic signals to wirelessly charge devices such as phones, tablets, notebook computers, and the like. The charging system may use the device-location relay network (e.g., using a peer-to-peer communication scheme) to determine the position of a device to be charged, relative to the charging system. The charging system may then direct or aim its electromagnetic signals to that position to charge the device (e.g., using beamforming techniques). The charging system may also track a moving device with its electromagnetic signals by continuously monitoring or updating the position of the device to be charged. Similar techniques may be used for any suitable type of highly directional wireless signals (e.g., optical communications, wireless communications signals, etc.).
The accuracy of the position measurements provided by the tags and the device-location relay network may also have unique applications in sports and other recreational activities. For example, tags may be placed on a user's body to track and analyze motions to improve performance. More particularly, tags may be placed on a user's arms, back, head, legs, torso, or any other suitable location (including on sporting equipment such as golf clubs, basketballs, baseball bats, and the like). Devices may then be used to track the position of each of the tags in three-dimensional space and develop biometric models and/or animations of the user's motions. In this way, golf swings, baseball swings, basketball shots, volleyball strikes, or any other type of sports or recreation motion may be recorded for analysis and training purposes. Multiple tags may be attached to a user to track and/or record complex multi-dimensional body movements, posture, form, etc.
In some cases, tags may have feedback systems that can indicate to a user if their motion or form deviates from a target. For example, if a user bends his knees too far during a basketball shot, haptic output systems on leg-based tags may provide a haptic notification to the user indicating the deviation or error. Tags (or the systems typically provided in tags) may also be integrated into sports equipment such as golf balls (e.g., to monitor trajectory and speed, to assist in lost-ball retrieval), golf clubs, basketballs, baseballs, baseball bats, and so forth. In some cases, tags may include accelerometers, gyroscopes, or other components, which may improve or expand the biometric data captured by the tags in sporting and recreation contexts. Even outside the context of sports or recreation, tags may be used to measure users' motions for other purposes such as object tracking. For example, if a tag on a wallet is found to move along a path that is indicative of removal from a pocket, the location of that event may be recorded by the users' devices so that the user can be reminded at a later time where the wallet was removed from a pocket.
Tags may also be used to help track the locations of and the users of shared resources. For example, communities or companies may provide resources such as cars, bicycles, scooters, or other equipment (e.g., tools, computers, library books, etc.) that may be temporarily used by multiple individuals. Such resources may have tags attached to them, and the tags may facilitate the recording of who is using or has used the resource, and where the resource is located. As a specific example, a user may approach a shareable vehicle and touch his or her phone to a wirelessly locatable tag on the vehicle. The act of touching the phone to the tag may cause the NFC communications system of the tag and phone to communicate (including the tag providing a unique identifier of itself and/or the vehicle to the phone), and may initiate a checkout operation in which the user gains access to the vehicle. The location of the vehicle may be updated by the user's phone (as well as the devices of other individuals in the device-location relay network). Because the devices in the device-location relay network are able to periodically update the location of the tag, it may be possible for users to determine the locations of the shared resources. Thus, if a shared scooter is driven to another location by a first user, another user may be able to find the location of the scooter (as updated by the first user or by other devices in the device-location relay network) by accessing the location reports of the scooter. In cases where it is desirable for multiple individuals to access location reports of a tag (such as in the case of shared resources), each authorized individual may have a copy of a private key for a particular tag, or another authorization scheme may be used so that each authorized individual can access the location reports in a secure manner.
The foregoing examples of use cases for the device-location relay network are merely some example use cases, and are not limiting. Indeed, any tags may be associated with or attached to any suitable object to facilitate distance, position, location, and/or motion tracking, initiate augmented reality objects, provide navigational cues, or the like. Additional objects that may be associated with tags may include, for example, jewelry, bicycles, motorcycles, cars, scooters, vehicles, clothes, glasses, retail inventory (e.g., for theft prevention and recovery), industrial applications (e.g., for tracking products along an assembly line, for tracking materials through a supply chain, for measuring distances or tracking construction equipment or materials, etc.), musical instruments, flashlights, first aid kits, automatic electronic defibrillators, mail, packages, shoes, helmets, medicine containers, pets, animals (e.g., for studying migration, preventing poaching, etc.), and so forth.
In order to facilitate the detection of tags, devices that are capable of communicating with tags or otherwise receiving location reports of tags may include a tag-finding application or interface that shows a list of nearby tags. The list of nearby tags may include any and all tags that are associated with the user (e.g., the user's own tags) as well as any publicly accessible tags and tags that the user is authorized to see. Thus, when the user opens the tag-finding application, he or she may see a list of tags, each with an identifier of an object or location that the tag is associated with (e.g., “wallet,” “car keys,” “Mona Lisa,” etc.). The user may then select a desired tag to get more information about the tag, such as the location of the tag, directions to the tag, a status of the tag, or the like. Users may also download or otherwise access groups of related tags. For example, a user may download or access a list of publicly accessible tags in the Guggenheim Museum, all of which may appear in the tag-finding application so that a user can view the locations and information associated with the tags.
In some cases, the location of the tags associated with or accessible by a user may be shown in a map view, allowing the user to visualize the location of the tags in a geographic environment. Or they may be shown in a “radar view,” where the relative positions of the tags are shown distributed about a central point that represents the user, without displaying a geographic map. Locations may also be reported by requesting location information about a tag from a digital assistant. For example, a user may ask a voice-based digital assistant “where are my keys,” which may cause the digital assistant to respond with a location of the keys (e.g., “in the kitchen” or “I'll show you on your phone”).
The tag-finding application may display tags that the user's device can communicate with directly (e.g., tags that are nearby the user when the application is open), and tags that are remote from the device. In the latter cases, the location information to the tag may not be generated via direct peer-to-peer communication between the user's device and the tag, but rather may be provided from location reports that have been provided to a cloud-based system. In this way, the tag-finding application can allow a user to locate tags that are remote from the user's device. The tag-finding application may also visually or otherwise differentiate between tags that are local (e.g., in direct peer-to-peer communication with the device) and those that are remote (e.g., those that are not in direct peer-to-peer communication with the device but are associated with last-known locations and/or location reports from a cloud-based system).
The tag-finding application may also help users locate other individuals. For example, individuals may choose to allow the location of their own tags and/or devices to be viewed by others. Thus, a family attending a theme park may all choose to allow their locations to be viewed by the other members of their family. The device-location relay network allows a family member's device to access the locations of the other family members, using either direct peer-to-peer communications with the other family members' tags or devices if they are within range, or via remotely provided location reports (e.g., received from a cloud-based service).
The device 14300 includes one or more processing units 14301 that are configured to access a memory 14302 having instructions stored thereon. The instructions or computer programs may be configured to perform one or more of the operations or functions described with respect to the electronic devices described herein. For example, the instructions may be configured to control or coordinate the operation of one or more displays 14308, one or more touch sensors 14303, one or more force sensors 14305, one or more communication channels 14304, one or more audio input systems 14309, one or more audio output systems 14310, one or more positioning systems 14311, one or more sensors 14312, and/or one or more haptic feedback devices 14306.
The processing units 14301 of
The memory 14302 can store electronic data that can be used by the device 14300. For example, a memory can store electrical data or content such as, for example, audio and video files, images, documents and applications, device settings and user preferences, programs, instructions, timing and control signals or data for the various modules, data structures or databases, and so on. The memory 14302 can be configured as any type of memory. By way of example only, the memory can be implemented as random access memory, read-only memory, Flash memory, removable memory, or other types of storage elements, or combinations of such devices.
The touch sensors 14303 may detect various types of touch-based inputs and generate signals or data that are able to be accessed using processor instructions. The touch sensors 14303 may use any suitable components and may rely on any suitable phenomena to detect physical inputs. For example, the touch sensors 14303 may be capacitive touch sensors, resistive touch sensors, acoustic wave sensors, or the like. The touch sensors 14303 may include any suitable components for detecting touch-based inputs and generating signals or data that are able to be accessed using processor instructions, including electrodes (e.g., electrode layers), physical components (e.g., substrates, spacing layers, structural supports, compressible elements, etc.) processors, circuitry, firmware, and the like. The touch sensors 14303 may be integrated with or otherwise configured to detect touch inputs applied to any portion of the device 14300. For example, the touch sensors 14303 may be configured to detect touch inputs applied to any portion of the device 14300 that includes a display (and may be integrated with a display). The touch sensors 14303 may operate in conjunction with the force sensors 14305 to generate signals or data in response to touch inputs. A touch sensor or force sensor that is positioned over a display surface or otherwise integrated with a display may be referred to herein as a touch-sensitive display, force-sensitive display, or touchscreen.
The force sensors 14305 may detect various types of force-based inputs and generate signals or data that are able to be accessed using processor instructions. The force sensors 14305 may use any suitable components and may rely on any suitable phenomena to detect physical inputs. For example, the force sensors 14305 may be strain-based sensors, piezoelectric-based sensors, piezoresistive-based sensors, capacitive sensors, resistive sensors, or the like. The force sensors 14305 may include any suitable components for detecting force-based inputs and generating signals or data that are able to be accessed using processor instructions, including electrodes (e.g., electrode layers), physical components (e.g., substrates, spacing layers, structural supports, compressible elements, etc.) processors, circuitry, firmware, and the like. The force sensors 14305 may be used in conjunction with various input mechanisms to detect various types of inputs. For example, the force sensors 14305 may be used to detect presses or other force inputs that satisfy a force threshold (which may represent a more forceful input than is typical for a standard “touch” input). Like the touch sensors 14303, the force sensors 14305 may be integrated with or otherwise configured to detect force inputs applied to any portion of the device 14300. For example, the force sensors 14305 may be configured to detect force inputs applied to any portion of the device 14300 that includes a display (and may be integrated with a display). The force sensors 14305 may operate in conjunction with the touch sensors 14303 to generate signals or data in response to touch- and/or force-based inputs.
The device 14300 may also include one or more haptic devices 14306. The haptic device 14306 may include one or more of a variety of haptic technologies such as, but not necessarily limited to, rotational haptic devices, linear actuators, piezoelectric devices, vibration elements, and so on. In general, the haptic device 14306 may be configured to provide punctuated and distinct feedback to a user of the device. More particularly, the haptic device 14306 may be adapted to produce a knock or tap sensation and/or a vibration sensation. Such haptic outputs may be provided in response to detection of touch and/or force inputs, and may be imparted to a user through the exterior surface of the device 14300 (e.g., via a glass or other surface that acts as a touch- and/or force-sensitive display or surface). Haptic outputs may also be provided in response to a detection that a condition of a wirelessly locatable tag has been met. For example, if a rule relating to the location of a tag is satisfied (e.g., if a tag is detected outside of a specified area or greater than a specified distance from a user or another device), the device 14300 may produce a haptic output using the haptic devices 14306.
The one or more communication channels 14304 may include one or more wireless interface(s) that are adapted to provide communication between the processing unit(s) 14301 and an external device. The one or more communication channels 14304 may include antennas, communications circuitry, firmware, software, or any other components or systems that facilitate wireless communications with other devices (e.g., with wirelessly locatable tags or devices that include such functionality). In general, the one or more communication channels 14304 may be configured to transmit and receive data and/or signals that may be interpreted by instructions executed on the processing units 14301. In some cases, the external device is part of an external communication network that is configured to exchange data with wireless devices. Generally, the wireless interface may communicate via, without limitation, radio frequency, optical, acoustic, and/or magnetic signals and may be configured to operate over a wireless interface or protocol. Example wireless interfaces include radio frequency cellular interfaces, fiber optic interfaces, acoustic interfaces, Bluetooth interfaces, infrared interfaces, USB interfaces, Wi-Fi interfaces, TCP/IP interfaces, network communications interfaces, or any conventional communication interfaces. The one or more communications channels 14304 may also include ultra-wideband interfaces, which may include any appropriate communications circuitry, instructions, and number and position of suitable UWB antennas to facilitate localization of a wirelessly locatable tag (or other device with similar functionality), as described herein.
As shown in
The device 14300 may also include one or more displays 14308 configured to display graphical outputs. The displays 14308 may use any suitable display technology, including liquid crystal displays (LCD), organic light emitting diodes (OLED), active-matrix organic light-emitting diode displays (AMOLED), or the like. The displays 14308 may display information relating to the position or location of a wirelessly locatable tag, such as a graphical indicator that points to or otherwise directs a user to the location of a wirelessly locatable tag.
The device 14300 may also provide audio input functionality via one or more audio input systems 14309. The audio input systems 14309 may include microphones, transducers, or other devices that capture sound for voice calls, video calls, audio recordings, video recordings, voice commands, and the like.
The device 14300 may also provide audio output functionality via one or more audio output systems (e.g., speakers) 14310. The audio output systems 14310 may produce sound from voice calls, video calls, streaming or local audio content, streaming or local video content, or the like. The audio output systems 14310 may also provide audible outputs in response to a detection that a condition of a wirelessly locatable tag has been met.
The device 14300 may also include a positioning system 14311. The positioning system 14311 may be configured to determine the location of the device 14300. For example, the positioning system 14311 may include magnetometers, gyroscopes, accelerometers, optical sensors, cameras, global positioning system (GPS) receivers, inertial positioning systems, or the like. The positioning system 14311 may be used to determine spatial parameters of the device 14300, such as the location of the device 14300 (e.g., geographical coordinates of the device), measurements or estimates of physical movement of the device 14300, an orientation of the device 14300, or the like. The positioning system 14311 may also be used to determine spatial parameters of another device, such as a wirelessly locatable tag. The positioning system 14311 may communicate with or otherwise interact with other components of the device 14300 to perform functions relating to localization of a wirelessly locatable tag, including but not limited to the processing units 14301, memory 14302, communications channels 14304, and the like. For example, the positioning system 14311 may perform at least some of the localization processes described with respect to
The device 14300 may also include one or more additional sensors 14312 to receive inputs (e.g., from a user or another computer, device, system, network, etc.) or to detect any suitable property or parameter of the device, the environment surrounding the device, people or things interacting with the device (or nearby the device), or the like. For example, a device may include temperature sensors, biometric sensors (e.g., fingerprint sensors, photoplethysmographs, blood-oxygen sensors, blood sugar sensors, or the like), eye-tracking sensors, retinal scanners, humidity sensors, buttons, switches, lid-closure sensors, or the like.
To the extent that multiple functionalities, operations, and structures described with reference to
The tag 14400 includes one or more processing units 14401 that are configured to access a memory 14402 having instructions stored thereon. The instructions or computer programs may be configured to perform one or more of the operations or functions described with respect to the tags described herein. For example, the instructions may be configured to control or coordinate the operation of one or more communication channels 14404, one or more audio input systems 14409, one or more input devices 14303, one or more audio output systems 14410, one or more positioning systems 14411, one or more sensors 14412, one or more haptic feedback devices 14406, and/or one or more optional displays 14408.
The processing units 14401 of
The memory 14402 can store electronic data that can be used by the tag 14400. For example, a memory can store electrical data or content such as, for example, device settings and user preferences, timing and control signals or data for the various modules, data structures or databases, programs, instructions, audio and video files, images, documents and applications, and so on. The memory 14402 can be configured as any type of memory. By way of example only, the memory can be implemented as random access memory, read-only memory, Flash memory, removable memory, or other types of storage elements, or combinations of such devices.
The input devices 14403 may detect various types of inputs and generate signals or data that are able to be accessed using processor instructions. The input devices 14403 may use any suitable components and may rely on any suitable phenomena to detect physical inputs. For example, an input device 14403 may be an audio system (such as the audio system 404) that detects inputs by detecting an electrical signal (e.g., voltage, current) in a coil as a result of the coil being moved in a magnetic field. Other types of input devices 14403 may include dome switches, capacitive sensors, resistive sensors, acoustic wave sensors, strain-based sensors, piezoelectric-based sensors, piezoresistive-based sensors, or the like. Input devices 14403 may be integrated with the housing of a tag such that a deflection or deformation of the housing, as a result of a user applying an input force to the exterior housing surface, actuates the input device or otherwise produces a detectable event that causes the tag to perform an action (e.g., changing a mode of operation, changing a beacon frequency, etc.).
The input devices 14403 may include touch sensors, which may in turn include any suitable components for detecting touch-based inputs and generating signals or data that are able to be accessed using processor instructions, including electrodes (e.g., electrode layers and/or an array of capacitive electrodes), physical components (e.g., substrates, spacing layers, structural supports, compressible elements, etc.) processors, circuitry, firmware, and the like. The touch sensors may be integrated with or otherwise configured to detect touch inputs applied to any portion of the tag 14400. For example, the touch sensors may be configured to detect touch inputs applied to any portion of the tag 14400 that includes an optional display. Example touch inputs include momentary touches, taps, swipes, and other gesture and non-gesture input. The touch sensors may operate in conjunction with force sensors to generate signals or data in response to touch inputs that may correspond to a location of a touch or type of gesture provided to the input device 14403. A touch sensor or force sensor that is positioned over a display surface or otherwise integrated with a display may be referred to herein as a touch-sensitive display, force-sensitive display, or touchscreen.
The input device 14403 may also include force sensors, which may in turn detect various types of force-based inputs and generate signals or data that are able to be accessed using processor instructions. The force sensors may use any suitable components and may rely on any suitable phenomena to detect force-based inputs. For example, the force sensors may be strain-based sensors, piezoelectric-based sensors, piezoresistive-based sensors, capacitive sensors, resistive sensors, or the like. The force sensors may include any suitable components for detecting force-based inputs and generating signals or data that correspond to a degree or magnitude of the force-based input and that are able to be accessed using processor instructions, including electrodes (e.g., electrode layers), physical components (e.g., substrates, spacing layers, structural supports, compressible elements, etc.) processors, circuitry, firmware, and the like. The force sensors may be used in conjunction with various input mechanisms to detect various types of inputs. For example, the force sensors may be used to detect a finger press, object press, or other force inputs that result in a force sensor output that satisfies a force threshold (which may represent a more forceful input than is typical for a standard “touch” input). Like the touch sensors, the force sensors may be integrated with or otherwise configured to detect force inputs applied to any suitable portion of the tag 14400. For example, the force sensors may be configured to detect force inputs applied to any portion of the tag 14400 that includes an optional display (and may be integrated with a display). The force sensors may operate in conjunction with the touch sensors to generate signals or data in response to touch- and/or force-based inputs.
The tag 14400 may also provide audio output functionality via one or more audio output systems 14410. The audio output systems 14410 may include an audio system that uses a housing member as a diaphragm to produce sound, as described above. The audio output systems 14410 may also provide audible outputs in response to a detection that a condition of a wirelessly locatable tag has been met, or a signal or instruction from another device (e.g., the device 14300), or the like. The audible output may be used to indicate a status of the tag (e.g., to indicate when the tag changes modes), to help a user locate a tag (e.g., by listening for a beep or tone), or the like.
The tag 14400 may also include one or more haptic devices 14406. The haptic device 14406 may include one or more of a variety of haptic technologies such as, but not necessarily limited to, rotational haptic devices, linear actuators, piezoelectric devices, vibration elements, and so on. In general, the haptic device 14406 may be configured to provide punctuated and distinct feedback to a user of the device. More particularly, the haptic device 14406 may be adapted to produce a knock or tap sensation and/or a vibration sensation. Such haptic outputs may be provided in response to any suitable condition, such as a receipt of a wireless signal instructing the tag to produce an output (e.g., to help a user locate the tag). Haptic outputs form a haptic device 14406 may be imparted to a user through the exterior surface of the tag 14400 (e.g., via a housing member that defines an upper or top surface of the tag and also acts as a speaker diaphragm). Haptic outputs may also be provided in response to a detection that a condition of a wirelessly locatable tag has been satisfied. For example, if a rule relating to the location of a tag is satisfied (e.g., if a tag is detected outside of a specified area or greater than a specified distance from a user or another device), the tag 14400 may produce a haptic output using the haptic devices 14406. As noted above, the haptic device 14406 may be part of an audio system that uses a housing member as a speaker diaphragm. In other cases, a dedicated haptic device, such as a linear resonant actuator, piezoelectric actuator, or the like, is provided.
The one or more communication channels 14404 may include one or more wireless interface(s) that are adapted to provide communication between the processing unit(s) 14401 and an external device (e.g., the electronic device 14300). The one or more communication channels 14404 may include antennas (e.g., the antennas described with respect to
As shown in
The tag 14400 may also include a positioning system 14411. The positioning system 14411 may be configured to determine the location of the tag 14400. The positioning system 14411 may perform, manage, control, or otherwise facilitate localization operations such as those described with respect to
The tag 14400 may also include one or more additional sensors 14412 to receive inputs (e.g., from a user or another computer, device, system, network, etc.) or to detect any suitable property or parameter of the device, the environment surrounding the device, people or things interacting with the device (or nearby the device), or the like. For example, a device may include temperature sensors, barometric sensors, biometric sensors (e.g., fingerprint sensors, photoplethysmographs, blood-oxygen sensors, blood sugar sensors, or the like), eye-tracking sensors, retinal scanners, humidity sensors, electric field sensors, magnetic field sensors, buttons, switches, lid-closure sensors, or the like.
The tag 14400 may optionally include one or more displays 14408 configured to display graphical outputs. (Though, as noted above, in some cases tags 14400 may be devoid of displays or other visual output devices.) The optional displays 14408 may use any suitable display technology, including liquid crystal displays (LCD), organic light emitting diodes (OLED), active-matrix organic light-emitting diode displays (AMOLED), segmented LED display, or the like. The optional displays 14408 may display information relating to the operations, modes, functions, settings, or statuses of a wirelessly locatable tag. For example, a display may display “Lost” if the tag is in a “lost” mode or state, or “Not Lost” if it is in a “not lost” mode or state. In some cases, an optional display 14400 may include indicator lights (e.g., light sources that provide a single point or pixel of light). The indicator lights may be LEDs or any other suitable light sources, and may be positioned on a tag in a location that is visible to a user, such as on (or visible along) a top exterior surface, a bottom exterior surface, a peripheral exterior surface, or any other surface. In some cases, the LED or other light source may be positioned within the housing of the tag and proximate an optically transmissive portion of the housing (e.g., a glass, crystal, or plastic housing member or window), such that the light from the LED or other light source is protected in the housing and also visible from outside the tag. The indicator lights may indicate a status of the device, such as a power state, battery charge level, operating mode, lost/not lost status, or the like. In some cases, the indicator lights may be activated in response to the tag being reported lost. For example, the indicator lights may flash (or remain steadily illuminated) to alert nearby people to the presence of the tag and its status as being lost. The indicator lights may be used for other purposes as well.
The tag 14400 may also optionally provide audio input functionality via one or more audio input systems 14409. The audio input systems 14409 may include microphones, transducers, or other devices that capture sound for recording sound content (e.g., vocal recordings to be played back by the tag), receiving voice commands for controlling operation of the tag, or the like.
To the extent that multiple functionalities, operations, and structures described with reference to
As described above, one aspect of the present technology is the gathering and use of data available from specific and legitimate sources to provide the ability to track and find objects. The present disclosure contemplates that, in some instances, this gathered data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to identify a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data (e.g., locations, movements, positions, paths, etc., of a person and/or the person's belongings, devices, home environments, etc.), online identifiers, telephone numbers, email addresses, home addresses, data or records relating to a user's health or level of fitness (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other personal information.
The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, locations of a user's tags may be recorded to allow users to find their lost possessions. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For instance, health and fitness data may be used, in accordance with the user's preferences, to provide insights into their general wellness, or may be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue wellness goals.
The present disclosure contemplates that those entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities would be expected to implement and consistently apply privacy practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. Such information regarding the use of personal data should be prominent and easily accessible by users, and should be updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legitimate uses only. Further, such collection/sharing should occur only after receiving the consent of the users or other legitimate basis specified in applicable law. Additionally, such entities should consider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted for the particular types of personal information data being collected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations that may serve to impose a higher standard. For instance, in the US, collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly.
Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, the present technology can be configured to allow users to selectively control who can and cannot view or access the location of their tags or other location-enabled devices, and control when outside devices (e.g., devices not owned or controlled by the user) can communicate with a user's tags to provide location reports. In yet another example, users can select to limit the length of time that location information is accessible to others. In yet another example, users can configure their devices (e.g., mobile phones) not to receive, respond to, or otherwise interact with location-enabled devices such as tags. For instance, a user may configure a mobile phone to ignore instructions from tags to send location reports, display messages on behalf of the tags or the like. In addition to providing “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use of personal information. For instance, a user may be notified if another user accesses or attempts to access their location or the location of their devices or tags.
Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a way to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect a user's privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, when appropriate, by removing identifiers, controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data at city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and/or other methods such as differential privacy.
Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing such personal information data. That is, the various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, content can be selected and delivered to users based on aggregated non-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personal information, such as the content being handled only on the user's device or other non-personal information available to the content delivery services
The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not targeted to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. Also, when used herein to refer to positions of components, the terms above, below, over, under, left, or right (or other similar relative position terms), do not necessarily refer to an absolute position relative to an external reference, but instead refer to the relative position of components within the figure being referred to.
Objects or components that are shown or described as being at least partially embedded in or encapsulated by other objects or materials may be formed via insert molding, multi-material injection molding, or any other suitable technique. For example, in insert molding, an object may be placed into a mold, and then a moldable material may be introduced into the mold to at least partially encapsulate or at least partially embed the object in the moldable material. In multi-material injection molding, a first moldable material may be introduced into a mold (and optionally at least partially cured or hardened), followed by a second moldable material. Other techniques may also be used, such as by sewing an object into another material, positioning an object between laminate layers, or the like.
While many examples of functions and use cases are described with specific reference to a wirelessly locatable tag, it will be understood that the same function may be performed by any device that is configured to provide the functionality of the tags described herein. For example, a laptop computer or smartphone may have communications circuitry and other components that are similar to or provide the functions of a wirelessly locatable tag. Thus, any function performed or facilitated by a tag may also be performed or facilitated by a laptop. As one specific example, when a laptop computer is lost or misplaced, other devices in a device-location relay network may receive signals from the laptop (e.g., via Bluetooth, UWB) and send location reports to a server or host system.
This application is a continuation patent application of PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2020/028424, filed Apr. 16, 2020 and titled “Wirelessly Locatable Tag,” which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/835,469, filed Apr. 17, 2019 and titled “Wirelessly Locatable Tag,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/855,768, filed May 31, 2019 and titled “Wirelessly Locatable Tag,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/894,640, filed Aug. 30, 2019 and titled “Wirelessly Locatable Tag,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/101,179, filed Sep. 26, 2019 and titled “Enclosure for a Wirelessly Locatable Tag,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/922,248, filed Sep. 26, 2019 and titled “Holding Accessory for a Wirelessly Locatable Tag,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/101,180, filed Sep. 26, 2019 and titled “Audio Output System for a Wirelessly Locatable Tag,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/101,212, filed Sep. 26, 2019 and titled “Antenna Assembly for a Wirelessly Locatable Tag,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/922,250, filed Sep. 26, 2019 and titled “Battery Connection System for a Wirelessly Locatable Tag,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/101,182, filed Sep. 26, 2019 and titled “Mounting Base for a Wirelessly Locatable Tag,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/922,249, filed Sep. 26, 2019 and titled “Wirelessly Coupled Accessory System for an Electronic Device,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/101,242, filed Sep. 26, 2019 and titled “Fastener with a Constrained Retention Ring,” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/101,229, filed Sep. 26, 2019 and titled “Biomechanical Sensing System using Wirelessly Locatable Tags,” the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
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| 63101180 | Sep 2019 | US | |
| 62922248 | Sep 2019 | US | |
| 63101242 | Sep 2019 | US | |
| 63101179 | Sep 2019 | US | |
| 63101212 | Sep 2019 | US | |
| 62894640 | Aug 2019 | US | |
| 62855768 | May 2019 | US | |
| 62835469 | Apr 2019 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/US2020/028424 | Apr 2020 | US |
| Child | 17478695 | US |
