Patent Application
20150337877
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a work vehicle and a control method for the work vehicle.
2. Background Information
An invention provided with a power transmission device (referred to hereinbelow as a “torque converter-type transmission device”) having a torque converter and a multi-stage speed change gear is well known as a work vehicle, such as a wheel loader. However, recently hydraulic mechanical transmissions (HMT) have become known as power transmission devices in place of torque converter-type transmissions. As disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2006-329244, an HMT has a gear mechanism and a motor connected to rotating elements of the gear mechanism, and a portion of the driving power from the engine is converted to hydraulic pressure and transmitted to a travel device, and the remaining portion of the driving power is mechanically transmitted to the travel device.
The HMT is provided with a planetary gear mechanism and a hydraulic motor, for example, to allow continuous speed variation. A first element among the three elements of a sun gear, a carrier, and a ring gear of the planetary gear mechanism is coupled to an input shaft, and a second element is coupled to an output shaft. A third element is coupled to the hydraulic motor. The hydraulic motor functions as either a motor or a pump in response to the travel state of the work vehicle. The HMT is configured to enable stepless changing of the rotation speed of the output shaft by changing the rotation speed of the hydraulic motor.
An electric-mechanical transmission device (EMT) has been proposed as a technique similar to the HMT. An electric motor is used in the EMT in place of the hydraulic motor in the HMT. The electric motor functions as either a motor or a generator in response to the travel state of the work vehicle. Similar to the HMT, the EMT is configured to enable stepless changing of the rotation speed of the output shaft by changing the rotation speed of the electric motor.
With the conventional torque converter-type transmission device, when the operator performs a switching operation of the vehicle moving forward from forward travel to reverse travel, the forward travel clutch (referred to below as “F-clutch”) is promptly disconnected and the connection of the reverse travel clutch (referred to below as “R-clutch”) is started. As a result, the vehicle decelerates smoothly and then begins to accelerate in the reverse direction. Similarly, when the operator performs a switching operation of the vehicle moving in reverse from reverse travel to forward travel, the R-clutch is promptly disconnected and the connection of the F-clutch is started. As a result, the vehicle decelerates smoothly and then accelerates in the forward direction. In general, the switching operation between forward and reverse travel while traveling is called a shuttle operation and the action of the vehicle due to the shuttle operation is called a shuttle action. The shuttle action is one of the important functions for improving operability of a wheel loader.
During the shuttle action, the F-clutch is switched to the R-clutch during forward travel of the vehicle. Alternatively, the R-clutch is switched to the F-clutch during reverse travel of the vehicle. A difference in rotation speed between the R-clutch connection time and the F-clutch connection time during the shuttle action is absorbed by a torque converter in the conventional torque converter-type transmission device.
However, it is difficult to absorb the difference in rotation speed between the R-clutch connection time and the F-clutch connection during the shuttle action due to the mechanism in the above mentioned HMT or EMT. When the switching of the R-clutch and the F-clutch is implemented during the shuttle action in the HMT or the EMT and when a large load is applied to the engine at the same time, there is a concern that excessive friction may occur in the R-clutch and the F-clutch. Therefore, it is difficult to realize the shuttle action in a work vehicle provided with a HMT or an EMT.
An object of the present invention is to realize a shuttle action in a work vehicle provided with a HMT or an EMT.
A work vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention is equipped with an engine, a hydraulic pump, a work implement, a travel device, a power transmission device, a control unit, a travel direction detecting unit, a forward/reverse travel operating member, and a forward/reverse travel position detecting unit. The hydraulic pump is driven by the engine. The work implement is driven by hydraulic fluid discharged from the hydraulic pump. The travel device is driven by the engine. The power transmission device transmits driving power from the engine to the travel device. The control unit controls the power transmission device. The power transmission device has an input shaft, an output shaft, a gear mechanism, a motor, and a forward/reverse travel switch mechanism. The gear mechanism includes a planetary gear mechanism and transmits the rotation of the input shaft to the output shaft. The motor is connected to a rotating element of the planetary gear mechanism. The forward/reverse travel switch mechanism includes a forward travel clutch and a reverse travel clutch. The forward travel clutch is connected and the reverse travel clutch is disconnected when the vehicle is traveling forward. The forward travel clutch is disconnected and the reverse travel clutch is connected when the vehicle is traveling in reverse. The power transmission device is configured to change the rotation speed ratio of the output shaft with respect to the input shaft by changing the rotation speed of the motor.
The control unit has a shuttle action evaluating unit, a target input shaft torque determination unit, a target output shaft torque determination unit, a storage unit, and a command torque determination unit. The shuttle action evaluating unit evaluates that the vehicle is in a shuttle action when the direction corresponding to the position of the forward/reverse travel operating member differs from the travel direction of the vehicle. The target input shaft torque determination unit determines a target input shaft torque. The target input shaft torque is a target value for a torque of the input shaft of the power transmission device. The target output shaft torque determination unit determines a target output shaft torque so that a deceleration force for decelerating the vehicle is generated on the output shaft of the power transmission device while the connection and disconnection states of the forward travel clutch and the reverse travel clutch are maintained at the state before the start of the shuttle action when the shuttle action is started. The target output shaft torque is a target value for a torque on the output shaft of the power transmission device. The storage unit stores torque-balance information. The torque-balance information prescribes a relationship between the target input shaft torque and the target output shaft torque so as to achieve a balance of the torques of the power transmission device. The command torque determination unit uses the torque-balance information to determine torque commands to the motor from the target input shaft torque and the target output shaft torque.
A deceleration force of the output shaft of the power transmission device can be achieved in the work vehicle by determining a command torque to the motor from the balance of the torques of the power transmission device. For example, when a shuttle action from forward travel to reverse travel is started, the vehicle can be decelerated by generating a deceleration force on the output shaft of the power transmission device while maintaining the state of connecting the forward travel clutch. As a result, a shuttle action in a work vehicle provided with a HMT or an EMT can be realized.
The target output shaft torque determination unit preferably gradually changes the deceleration force during the shuttle action. In this case, the work vehicle can be decelerated smoothly during the shuttle action.
The work vehicle is preferably further provided with an accelerator operating member, an accelerator operation detecting unit for detecting an operating amount of the accelerator operating member, a brake operating member, and a brake operation detecting unit for detecting an operating amount of the brake operating member. The target output shaft torque determination unit determines a predetermined reference deceleration force on the basis of the operating amount of the accelerator operating member and the operating amount of the brake operating member. The target output shaft torque determination unit gradually changes the deceleration force approaching the reference deceleration force during the shuttle action. In this case, operability can be improved because a deceleration force that takes into account the operating desire of the operator can be generated.
The target output shaft torque determination unit preferably gradually changes the deceleration force from the deceleration force when the shuttle action starts to the reference deceleration force when the deceleration force for decelerating the vehicle at the start of the shuttle action is generated on the output shaft of the power transmission device. In this case, the work vehicle can be decelerated smoothly from before the start of the shuttle action until after the start of the shuttle action.
When a torque for accelerating the vehicle is generated on the output shaft of the power transmission device when the shuttle action starts, the target output shaft torque determination unit preferably determines the target output shaft torque so that the torque on the output shaft of the power transmission device changes to zero. The target output shaft torque determination unit gradually changes the deceleration force to the reference deceleration force after the torque on the output shaft of the power transmission device reaches zero. In this case, the work vehicle can be decelerated smoothly from before the start of the shuttle action until after the start of the shuttle action.
When a torque for accelerating the vehicle is generated in the output shaft of the power transmission device when the shuttle action starts, the target output shaft torque determination unit preferably determines the target output shaft torque so that the torque on the output shaft of the power transmission device changes to zero in a predetermined first time period. The target output shaft torque determination unit changes the deceleration force approaching the reference deceleration force in a second time period that is longer than the first time period after the first time period has elapsed. In this case, the work vehicle can be decelerated quickly and smoothly after the start of the shuttle action.
The work vehicle preferably is further provided with an engine rotation speed detecting unit for detecting an engine rotation speed. The target output shaft torque determination unit calculates a deceleration power regenerated by the deceleration force. The target output shaft torque determination unit determines the target output shaft torque so that the upper limit of the deceleration power is reduced in response to an increase in the engine rotation speed when the engine rotation speed is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. In this case, an excessive increase in the engine rotation speed can be suppressed by suppressing the regenerated deceleration power.
The work vehicle preferably is further provided with an energy reservoir unit for storing energy generated in the motor. The control unit further has a target energy reservoir power determination unit. The target energy reservoir power determination unit determines a target energy reservoir power for accumulating energy in the energy reservoir unit. The target output shaft torque determination unit calculates the deceleration power regenerated by the deceleration force. The target input shaft torque determination unit determines the target input shaft torque on the basis of the target energy reservoir power and the deceleration power. In this case, a desired deceleration force can be ensured and a desired energy reservoir amount can be ensured when the target input shaft torque is determined by taking into account the regenerated deceleration power and the target energy reservoir power, and consequently fuel consumption can be improved.
A control method according to a second embodiment of the present invention is a control method for a work vehicle provided with a power transmission device. The power transmission device has an input shaft, an output shaft, a gear mechanism, a motor, and a forward/reverse travel switch mechanism. The gear mechanism includes a planetary gear mechanism and transmits the rotation of the input shaft to the output shaft. The motor is connected to a rotating element of the planetary gear mechanism. The forward/reverse travel switch mechanism includes a forward travel clutch and a reverse travel clutch. The forward travel clutch is connected and the reverse travel clutch is disconnected when the vehicle is traveling forward. The forward travel clutch is disconnected and the reverse travel clutch is connected when the vehicle is traveling in reverse. The power transmission device is configured to change the rotation speed ratio of the output shaft with respect to the input shaft by changing the rotation speed of the motor.
The control method includes the following steps. In a first step, the vehicle is determined as being in a shuttle action when the direction relative to the position of the forward/reverse travel operating member differs from the travel direction of the vehicle. In a second step, a target input shaft torque is determined. The target input shaft torque is a torque target value on the input shaft of the power transmission device. In a third step, a target output shaft torque is determined so that a deceleration force for decelerating the vehicle is generated on the output shaft of the power transmission device in a state in which the connection and disconnection states of the forward travel clutch and the reverse travel clutch are maintained at a state before the start of the shuttle action when the shuttle action is started. The target output shaft torque is a target value for a torque of the output shaft of the power transmission device. In a fourth step, a command torque for the motor is determined using torque-balance information from the target input shaft torque and the target output shaft torque. The torque-balance information prescribes a relationship between the target input shaft torque and the target output shaft torque to achieve a balance of the torques of the power transmission device.
A deceleration force of the output shaft of the power transmission device can be achieved in the control method of the work vehicle by determining a command torque to the motor from the balance of the torques of the power transmission device. For example, when a shuttle action from forward travel to reverse travel is started, the vehicle can be decelerated by generating a deceleration force on the output shaft of the power transmission device while maintaining the state of connecting the forward travel clutch. As a result, a shuttle action in a work vehicle provided with a HMT or an EMT can be realized.
According to the present invention, the shuttle action in a work vehicle provided with a HMT or an EMT can be realized.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the figures.
The work implement 3 and the traveling wheels 4 and 5 are attached to the vehicle body frame 2. The work implement 3 is driven by hydraulic fluid from a below mentioned work implement pump 23 (see
The operating cabin 6 is attached to the vehicle body frame 2. The operating cabin 6 is mounted on the vehicle body frame 2. A seat for the operator to be seated and a below mentioned operating device are disposed in the operating cabin 6. The vehicle body frame 2 has a front frame 16 and a rear frame 17. The front frame 16 and the rear frame 17 are attached to each other in a manner that allows swinging in the left-right direction.
The work vehicle 1 has a steering cylinder 18. The steering cylinder 18 is attached to the front frame 16 and the rear frame 17. The steering cylinder 18 is a hydraulic cylinder. The work vehicle 1 is able to change the advancing direction to the right and left with the extension and contraction of the steering cylinder 18 due to hydraulic fluid from a below mentioned steering pump 30.
The engine 21 is, for example, a diesel engine. The output of the engine 21 is controlled by adjusting the amount of fuel injected into the cylinders of the engine 21. The adjustment of the amount of fuel is conducted by the control unit 27 controlling a fuel injection device 28 attached to the engine 21. The work vehicle 1 is equipped with an engine rotation speed detecting unit 31. The engine rotation speed detecting unit 31 detects the engine rotation speed and transmits a detection signal indicating the engine rotation speed to the control unit 27.
The work vehicle 1 has the work implement pump 23, the steering pump 30, and a transmission pump 29. The work implement pump 23, the steering pump 30, and the transmission pump 29 are hydraulic pumps. The PTO 22 (power take-off) transmits a portion of the driving power from the engine 21 to the hydraulic pumps 23, 30, and 29. That is, the PTO 22 distributes the driving power from the engine 21 to the hydraulic pumps 23, 30, and 29 and the power transmission device 24.
The work implement pump 23 is driven by driving power from the engine 21. The hydraulic fluid discharged from the work implement pump 23 is supplied to the lift cylinder 13 and the bucket cylinder 14 through a work implement control valve 41. The work vehicle 1 is equipped with a work implement pump pressure detecting unit 32. The work implement pump pressure detecting unit 32 detects a discharge pressure (referred to below as “work implement pump pressure”) of hydraulic fluid from the work implement pump 23 and transmits a detection signal indicating the work implement pump pressure to the control unit 27.
The work implement pump 23 is a variable displacement hydraulic pump. The discharge capacity of the work implement pump 23 is changed by changing the tilt angle of a skew plate or an inclined shaft of the work implement pump 23. A first capacity control device 42 is connected to the work implement pump 23. The first capacity control device 42 is controlled by the control unit 27 and changes the tilt angle of the work implement pump 23. As a result, the discharge capacity of the work implement pump 23 is controlled by the control unit 27. The work vehicle 1 is equipped with a first tilt angle detecting unit 33. The first tilt angle detecting unit 33 detects the tilt angle of the work implement pump 23 and transmits a detection signal indicating the tilt angle to the control unit 27.
The steering pump 30 is driven by driving power from the engine 21. The hydraulic fluid discharged from the steering pump 30 is supplied to the above mentioned steering cylinder 18 through a steering control valve 43. The work vehicle 1 is equipped with a steering pump pressure detecting unit 35. The steering pump pressure detecting unit 35 detects the discharge pressure (referred to below as “steering pump pressure”) of hydraulic fluid from the steering pump 30 and transmits a detection signal indicating the steering pump pressure to the control unit 27.
The steering pump 30 is a variable displacement hydraulic pump. The discharge capacity of the steering pump 30 is changed by changing the tilt angle of a skew plate or an inclined shaft of the steering pump 30. A second capacity control device 44 is connected to the steering pump 30. The second capacity control device 44 is controlled by the control unit 27 and changes the tilt angle of the steering pump 30. As a result, the discharge capacity of the steering pump 30 is controlled by the control unit 27. The work vehicle 1 is equipped with a second tilt angle detecting unit 34. The second tilt angle detecting unit 34 detects the tilt angle of the steering pump 30 and transmits a detection signal indicating the tilt angle to the control unit 27.
The transmission pump 29 is driven by driving power from the engine 21. The transmission pump 29 is a fixed displacement hydraulic pump. Hydraulic fluid discharged from the transmission pump 29 is supplied to clutches CF, CR, CL, and CH of the power transmission device 24 via below mentioned clutch control valves VF, VR, VL, and VH.
The PTO 22 transmits a portion of the driving power from the engine 21 to the power transmission device 24 through an input shaft 61. The power transmission device 24 transmits the driving power from the engine 21 to the travel device 25. The power transmission device 24 changes the speed and outputs the driving power from the engine 21. An explanation of the configuration of the power transmission device 24 is provided in detail below.
The travel device 25 has an axle 45 and the traveling wheels 4 and 5. The axle 45 transmits driving power from the power transmission device 24 to the traveling wheels 4 and 5. As a result, the traveling wheels 4 and 5 rotate. The work vehicle 1 is equipped with a vehicle speed detecting unit 37. The vehicle speed detecting unit 37 detects the rotation speed (referred to below as “output rotation speed”) of an output shaft 63 of the power transmission device 24. The output rotation speed corresponds to the vehicle speed and consequently the vehicle speed detecting unit 37 detects the vehicle speed by detecting the output rotation speed. The vehicle speed detecting unit 37 detects the rotating direction of the output shaft 63. The rotating direction of the output shaft 63 corresponds to the traveling direction of the work vehicle 1 and consequently the vehicle speed detecting unit 37 functions as a traveling direction detecting unit that detects the traveling direction of the work vehicle 1 by detecting the rotating direction of the output shaft 63. The vehicle speed detecting unit 37 transmits detection signals indicating the output rotation speed and the rotating direction to the control unit 27.
The operating device 26 is operated by the operator. The operating device 26 has an accelerator operating device 51, a work implement operating device 52, a speed change operating device 53, a forward/reverse travel operating device 54 (referred to below as “FR operating device 54”), a steering operating device 57, and a brake operating device 58.
The accelerator operating device 51 has an accelerator operating member 51a and an accelerator operation detecting unit 51b. The accelerator operating member 51a is operated to set a target rotation speed of the engine 21. The accelerator operation detecting unit 51b detects an operating amount (referred to below as “accelerator operating amount”) of the accelerator operating member 51a. The accelerator operation detecting unit 51b transmits a detection signal indicating the accelerator operating amount to the control unit 27.
The work implement operating device 52 has a work implement operating member 52a and a work implement operation detecting unit 52b. The work implement operating member 52a is operated to actuate the work implement 3. The work implement operation detecting unit 52b detects a position of the work implement operating member 52a. The work implement operation detecting unit 52b outputs a detection signal indicating the position of the work implement operating member 52a to the control unit 27. The work implement operation detecting unit 52b detects an operating amount of the work implement operating member 52a by detecting a position of the work implement operating member 52a.
The speed change operating device 53 has a speed change operating member 53a and a speed change operation detecting unit 53b. The operator is able to select a speed range of the power transmission device 24 by operating the speed change operating member 53a. The speed change operation detecting unit 53b detects a position of the speed change operating member 53a. The position of the speed change operating member 53a corresponds to a plurality of speed ranges such as a first speed and a second speed and the like. The speed change operation detecting unit 53b outputs a detection signal indicating the position of the speed change operating member 53a to the control unit 27.
The FR operating device 54 has a forward/reverse travel operating member 54a (referred to below as “FR operating member 54a”) and a forward/reverse travel position detecting unit 54b (referred to below as a “FR position detecting unit 54b”). The operator can switch between forward and reverse travel of the work vehicle 1 by operating the FR operating member 54a. The FR operating member 54a is selectively switched between a forward travel position (F), a neutral position (N), and a reverse travel position (R). The FR position detecting unit 54b detects a position of the FR operating member 54a. The FR position detecting unit 54b outputs a detection signal indicating the position of the FR operating member 54a to the control unit 27.
The steering operating device 57 has a steering operating member 57a. The steering operating device 57 drives a steering control valve 43 by supplying pilot hydraulic pressure based on an operation of the steering operating member 57a to the steering control valve 43. The steering operating device 57 may drive the steering control valve 43 by converting an operation of the steering operating member 57a to an electrical signal. The operator is able to change the travel direction of the work vehicle 1 to the right or left by operating the steering operating member 57a.
The brake operating device 58 has a brake operating member 58a and a brake operation detecting unit 58b. The operator is able to operate a deceleration force of the work vehicle 1 by operating the brake operating member 58a. The brake operation detecting unit 58b detects an operating amount of the brake operating member 58a (referred to below as “brake operating amount”). The brake operation detecting unit 58b outputs a detection signal indicating the brake operating amount to the control unit 27. The pressure of the brake oil may be used as the brake operating amount.
The control unit 27 has a calculation device, such as a CPU, and a memory, such as a RAM or a ROM, and conducts various types of processing for controlling the work vehicle 1. The control unit 27 has a storage unit 56. The storage unit 56 stores various types of programs and data for controlling the work vehicle 1.
The control unit 27 transmits a command signal indicating a command throttle value to the fuel injection device 28 so that a target rotation speed of the engine 21 is obtained in response to the accelerator operating amount. The control of the engine 21 by the control unit 27 is described in detail below.
The control unit 27 controls hydraulic pressure supplied to the hydraulic cylinders 13 and 14 by controlling the work implement control valve 41 on the basis of the detection signals from the work implement operation detecting unit 52b. As a result, the hydraulic cylinders 13 and 14 expand or contract to operate the work implement 3.
The control unit 27 controls the power transmission device 24 on the basis of the detection signals from each of the detecting units. The control of the power transmission device 24 by the control unit 27 is described in detail below.
An explanation of the configuration of the power transmission device 24 is provided in detail below.
The gear mechanism 62 is a mechanism for transmitting driving power from the engine 21. The gear mechanism 62 is configured so that the rotation speed ratio of the output shaft 63 with respect to the input shaft 61 is changed in response to changes in the rotation speeds of the motors MG1 and MG2. The gear mechanism 62 has a FR switch mechanism 65, and a speed change mechanism 66.
The FR switch mechanism 65 has a forward travel clutch CF (referred to below as “F-clutch CF”), a reverse travel clutch CR (referred to below as “R-clutch CR”), and various other gears not illustrated. The F-clutch CF and the R-clutch CR are hydraulic clutches and hydraulic fluid is supplied from the transmission pump 29 to the clutches CF and CR. The hydraulic fluid for the F-clutch CF is controlled by an F-clutch control valve VF. The hydraulic fluid for the R-clutch CR is controlled by an R-clutch control valve VR. The clutch control valves CF and CR are controlled by command signals from the control unit 27.
The direction of the rotation outputted from the FR switch mechanism 65 is switched due to the switching between ON (connection)/OFF (disconnection) of the F-clutch CF and ON (connection)/OFF (disconnection) of the R-clutch CR. Specifically, the F-clutch CF is ON and the R-clutch CR is OFF when the vehicle is traveling forward. The F-clutch CF is OFF and the R-clutch CR in ON when the vehicle is traveling in reverse.
The speed change mechanism 66 has a transmission shaft 67, a first planetary gear mechanism 68, a second planetary gear mechanism 69, a Hi/Lo switch mechanism 70, and an output gear 71. The transmission shaft 67 is coupled to the FR switch mechanism 65. The first planetary gear mechanism 68 and the second planetary gear mechanism 69 are disposed on the same shaft as the transmission shaft 67.
The first planetary gear mechanism 68 has a first sun gear S1, a plurality of first planet gears P1, a first carrier C1 that supports the plurality of first planet gears P1, and a first ring gear R1. The first sun gear S1 is coupled to the transmission shaft 67. The plurality of first planet gears P1 mesh with the first sun gear S1 and are supported in a rotatable manner by the first carrier C1. A first carrier gear Gc1 is provided on an outer peripheral part of the first carrier C1. The first ring gear R1 meshes with the plurality of first planet gears P1 and is able to rotate. A first ring outer periphery gear Gr1 is provided on the outer periphery of the first ring gear R1.
The second planetary gear mechanism 69 has a second sun gear S2, a plurality of second planet gears P2, a second carrier C2 that supports the plurality of second planet gears P2, and a second ring gear R2. The second sun gear S2 is coupled to the first carrier C1. The plurality of second planet gears P2 mesh with the second sun gear S2 and are supported in a rotatable manner by the second carrier C2. The second ring gear R2 meshes with the plurality of second planet gears P2 and is able to rotate. A second ring outer periphery gear Gr2 is provided on the outer periphery of the second ring gear R2. The second ring outer periphery gear Gr2 meshes with the output gear 71, and the rotation of the second ring gear R2 is outputted to the output shaft 63 via the output gear 71.
The Hi/Lo switch mechanism 70 is a mechanism for switching the drive-power transmission path of the power transmission device 24 between a high-speed mode (Hi mode) in which the vehicle speed is high and a low-speed mode (Lo mode) in which the vehicle speed is low. The Hi/Lo switch mechanism 70 has an H-clutch CH that is ON during the Hi mode and an L-clutch CL that is ON during the Lo mode. The H-clutch CH connects or disconnects the first ring gear R1 and the second carrier C2. The L-clutch CL connects or disconnects the second carrier C2 and a fixed end 72 to prohibit or allow the rotation of the second carrier C2.
The clutches CH and CL are hydraulic clutches, and hydraulic fluid from the transmission pump 29 is supplied to each of the clutches CH and CL. The hydraulic fluid for the H-clutch CH is controlled by an H-clutch control valve VH. The hydraulic fluid for the L-clutch CL is controlled by an L-clutch control valve VL. The clutch control valves VH and VL are controlled by command signals from the control unit 27.
The first motor MG1 and the second motor MG2 function as drive motors that generate driving power using electrical energy. The first motor MG1 and the second motor MG2 also function as generators that use inputted driving power to generate electrical energy. The first motor MG1 functions as a generator when a command signal from the control unit 27 is applied to the first motor MG1 to activate torque in the reverse direction of the rotating direction of the first motor MG1. A first motor gear Gm1 is fixed to the output shaft of the first motor MG1 and the first motor gear Gm1 meshes with the first carrier gear Gc1. A first inverter I1 is connected to the first motor MG1 and a command signal for controlling the motor torque of the first motor MG1 is applied to the first inverter I1 from the control unit 27.
The second motor MG2 is configured in the same way as the first motor MG1. A second motor gear Gm2 is fixed to the output shaft of the second motor MG2 and the second motor gear Gm2 meshes with the first ring outer periphery gear Gr1. A second inverter I2 is connected to the second motor MG2 and a command signal for controlling the motor torque of the second motor MG2 is applied to the second inverter I2 from the control unit 27.
The capacitor 64 functions as an energy reservoir unit for storing energy generated by the motors MG1 and MG2. That is, the capacitor 64 stores electrical power generated by the motors MG1 and MG2 when the total electrical power generation amount of the motors MG1 and MG2 is high. The capacitor 64 releases electrical power when the total electrical power consumption amount of the motors MG1 and MG2 is high. That is, the motors MG1 and MG2 are driven by electrical power stored in the capacitor 64. A battery may be used in place of a capacitor.
The control unit 27 receives detection signals from the various detecting units and applies command signals for indicating the command torques for the motors MG1 and MG2 to the inverters I1 and I2. The control unit 27 may output rotation speed commands for the motors MG1 and MG2. In this case, the inverters I1 and I2 control the motors MG1 and MG2 by calculating command torques in response to the rotation speed commands. The control unit 27 also applies command signal for controlling the clutch hydraulic pressure of the clutches CF, CR, CH, and CL to the clutch control valves VF, VR, VH, and VL. As a result, the speed change ratio and the output torque of the power transmission device 24 are controlled. The following is an explanation of the operations of the power transmission device 24.
An outline of operations of the power transmission device 24 when the vehicle speed increases from zero in the forward travel side while the rotation speed of the engine 21 remains fixed, will be explained with reference to
In an A region (Lo mode) with a vehicle speed from zero to V1, the L-clutch CL is ON (connected) and the H-clutch CH is OFF (disconnected). Because the H-clutch CH is OFF in the A region, the second carrier C2 and the first ring gear R1 are disconnected. Because the L-clutch CL is ON, the second carrier C2 is fixed.
The driving power from the engine 21 in the A region is inputted to the first sun gear S1 via the transmission shaft 67, and the driving power is outputted from the first carrier C1 to the second sun gear S2. Conversely, the driving power inputted to the first sun gear S1 is transmitted from the first planet gears P1 to the first ring gear R1 and outputted through the first ring outer periphery gear Gr1 and the second motor gear Gm2 to the second motor MG2. The second motor MG2 functions mainly as a generator in the A region, and the electrical power generated by the second motor MG2 is supplied to the first motor MG1 or a portion of the generated electrical power is stored in the capacitor 64.
The first motor MG1 functions mainly as an electric motor in the A region. The driving power of the first motor MG1 is outputted to the second sun gear S2 along a path from the first motor gear Gm1 to the first carrier gear Gc1 to the first carrier C1. The driving power outputted to the second sun gear S2 as described above is transmitted to the output shaft 63 along a path from the second planet gears P2 to the second ring gear R2 to the second ring outer periphery gear Gr2 to the output gear 71.
In a B region (Hi mode) in which the vehicle speed exceeds V1, the H-clutch CH is ON (connected) and the L-clutch CL is OFF (disconnected). Because the H-clutch CH is ON in the B region, the second carrier C2 and the first ring gear R1 are connected. Because the L-clutch CL is OFF, the second carrier C2 is disconnected. Therefore, the rotation speed of the first ring gear R1 and the second carrier C2 match.
The driving power from the engine 21 in the B region is inputted to the first sun gear S1 and the driving power is outputted from the first carrier C1 to the second sun gear S2. The driving power inputted to the first sun gear S1 is outputted from the first carrier C1 through the first carrier gear Gc1 and the first motor gear Gm1 to the first motor MG1. The first motor MG1 functions mainly as a generator in the B region, and thus the electrical power generated by the first motor MG1 is supplied to the second motor MG2 or a portion of the electrical power generated by the first motor MG1 is stored in the capacitor 64.
The driving power of the second motor MG2 is outputted to the second carrier C2 along a path from the second motor gear Gm2 to the first ring outer periphery gear Gr1 to the first ring gear R1 to the H-clutch CH. The driving power outputted to the second sun gear S2 as described above is outputted through the second planet gears P2 to the second ring gear R2, and the driving power outputted to the second carrier C2 is outputted through the second planet gears P2 to the second ring gear R2. The driving power joined in the second ring gear R2 in this way is transmitted through the second ring outer periphery gear Gr2 and the output gear 71 to the output shaft 63.
While forward travel driving has been discussed above, the operations of reverse travel driving are the same. During braking, the roles of the first motor MG1 and the second motor MG2 as generator and motor are reversed from the above explanation.
The control of the power transmission device 24 by the control unit 27 is described in detail below. The control unit 27 controls the output torque of the power transmission device 24 by controlling the motor torque of the first motor MG1 and the second motor MG2. That is, the control unit 27 controls the tractive force of the work vehicle 1 by controlling the motor torque of the first motor MG1 and the second motor MG2.
A method for determining the command values of the motor torque (referred to below as “command torque”) to the first motor MG1 and the second motor MG2 during a normal action is explained below. A “normal action” signifies an action when the direction corresponding to the position of the FR operating member 54a and the travel direction of the vehicle match. Specifically, an action in which the FR operating member 54a is in the forward travel position (F) and the work vehicle 1 is traveling forward is a normal action. Moreover, an action in which the FR operating member 54a is in the reverse travel position (R) and the work vehicle 1 is traveling in reverse is a normal action. In contrast, a below mentioned “shuttle action” is an action in which the direction corresponding to the position of the FR operating member 54a differs from the traveling direction of the vehicle. Specifically, an action in which the FR operating member 54a is in the forward travel position (F) and the work vehicle 1 is traveling in reverse is a shuttle action. Moreover, an action in which the FR operating member 54a is in the reverse travel position (R) and the work vehicle 1 is traveling forward is a shuttle action.
The transmission requirement determination unit 84 determines a required tractive force Tout on the basis of an accelerator operating amount Aac and an output rotation speed Nout. Specifically, the transmission requirement determination unit 84 determines the required tractive force Tout from the output rotation speed Nout on the basis of required tractive force characteristics information D1 stored in the storage unit 56. The required tractive force characteristics information D1 is data indicating the required tractive force characteristics for defining the relationship between the output rotation speed Nout and the required tractive force Tout. The required tractive force characteristics are changed in response to the accelerator operating amount. The required tractive force characteristics correspond to predetermined vehicle speed-tractive force characteristics. The transmission requirement determination unit 84 uses the required tractive force characteristics corresponding to the accelerator operating amount to determine the required tractive force Tout from the output rotation speed Nout and to determine a transmission required horsepower Htm that is a product of the output rotation speed Nout and the required tractive force Tout.
The energy management requirement determination unit 85 determines an energy management required horsepower Hem on the basis of a remaining amount of electrical power in the capacitor 64. The energy management required horsepower Hem is a horsepower required by the power transmission device 24 for charging the capacitor 64. The energy management requirement determination unit 85 determines the current capacitor capacity from a voltage Vca of the capacitor 64. The energy management requirement determination unit 85 increases the energy management required horsepower Hem as the current capacitor capacity becomes smaller.
The work implement requirement determination unit 86 determines a work implement required horsepower Hpto on the basis of a work implement pump pressure Pwp and an operating amount Awo (referred to below as “work implement operating amount Awo”) of the work implement operating member 52a. In the present exemplary embodiment, the work implement required horsepower Hpto is a horsepower distributed to the work implement pump 23. However, the work implement required horsepower Hpto may include a horsepower distributed to the steering pump 30 and/or the transmission pump 29. Specifically, the work implement requirement determination unit 86 determines a required flow rate Qdm of the work implement pump 23 from the work implement operating amount Awo on the basis of required flow rate information D2. Required flow rate information D2 is stored in the storage unit 56 and uses a map or a calculation formula to define the relationship between the required flow rate Qdm and the work implement operating amount Awo. The work implement requirement determination unit 86 determines the work implement required horsepower Hpto from the required flow rate Qdm and the work implement pump pressure Pwp.
The control unit 27 has a target output shaft torque determination unit 82, a target input shaft torque determination unit 81, and a command torque determination unit 83.
The target output shaft torque determination unit 82 determines a target output shaft torque To_ref. The target output shaft torque To_ref is a target value for the torque to be outputted from the power transmission device 24. The target output shaft torque determination unit 82 determines the target output shaft torque To_ref on the basis of the required tractive force Tout determined by the transmission requirement determination unit 84. Specifically, the target output shaft torque To_ref is determined by multiplying the required tractive force Tout by a predetermined distribution ratio. The predetermined distribution ratio is set, for example, so that the total of the work implement required horsepower Hpto, the transmission required horsepower Htm, and the energy management required horsepower Hem does not exceed the output horsepower from the engine 21.
The target input shaft torque determination unit 81 determines a target input shaft torque Te_ref. The target input shaft torque Te_ref is a target value for the torque to be inputted to the power transmission device 24. The target input shaft torque determination unit 81 determines the target input shaft torque Te_ref on the basis of the transmission required horsepower Htm and the energy management required horsepower Hem. Specifically the target input shaft torque determination unit 81 calculates the target input shaft torque Te_ref by multiplying the engine rotation speed by the sum of the energy management required horsepower Hem and the value of the transmission required horsepower Htm multiplied by the predetermined distribution ratio. The transmission required horsepower Htm is calculated by multiplying the above mentioned required tractive force Tout by the current output rotation speed Nout.
The command torque determination unit 83 uses torque-balance information to determine command torques Tm1—ref and Tm2—ref for the motors MG1 and MG2 from the target input shaft torque Te_ref and the target output shaft torque To_ref. The torque-balance information defines a relationship between the target input shaft torque Te_ref and the target output shaft torque To_ref so as to achieve a balance of the torques of the power transmission device 24. The torque-balance information is stored in the storage unit 56.
As described above, the transmission paths of the driving power in the power transmission device 24 are different for the Lo mode and the Hi mode. As a result, the command torque determination unit 83 uses different torque-balance information to determine the command torques Tm1—ref and Tm2—ref for the motors MG1 and MG2 in the Lo mode and the Hi mode. Specifically, the command torque determination unit 83 uses first torque-balance information represented by equation 1 below to determine command torques Tm1_Low and Tm2_Low for the motors MG1 and MG2 in the Lo mode. In the present exemplary embodiment, the first torque-balance information is an equation for balancing the torques of the power transmission device 24.
Ts1_Low=Te_ref*r—fr
Tc1_Low=Ts1_Low*(−1)*((Zr1/Zs1)+1)
Tr2_Low=To_ref*(Zod/Zo)
Ts2_Low=Tr2_Low*(Zs2/Zr2)
Tcp1_Low=Tc1_Low+Ts2_Low
Tm1_Low=Tcp1_Low*(−1)*(Zp1/Zp1d)
Tr1_Low=Ts1_Low*(Zr1/Zs1)
Tm2_Low=Tr1_Low*(−1)*(Zp2/Zp2d) (Equation 1)
The command torque determination unit 83 uses second torque-balance information represented by equation 2 below to determine command torques Tm1_Hi and Tm2_Hi for the motors MG1 and MG2 in the Hi mode. In the present exemplary embodiment, the second torque-balance information is an equation for balancing the torques of the power transmission device 24.
Ts1_Hi=Te_ref*r—fr
Tc1_Hi=Ts1_Hi*(−1)*((Zr1/Zs1)+1)
Tr2_Hi=To_ref*(Zod/Zo)
Ts2_Hi=Tr2_Hi*(Zs2/Zr2)
Tcp1_Hi=Tc1_Hi+Ts2_Hi
Tm1_Hi=Tcp1_Hi*(−1)*(Zp1/Zp1d)
Tr1_Hi=Ts1_Hi*(Zr1/Zs1)
Tc2_Hi=Tr2_Hi*(−1)*((Zs2/Zr2)+1)
Tcp2_Hi=Tr1_Hi+Tc2_Hi
Tm2_Hi=Tcp2_Hi*(−1)*(Zp2/Zp2d) (Equation 2)
The contents of the parameters in each torque-balance information are depicted in Table 1 below.
The control of the engine 21 by the control unit 27 is described in detail below. As described above, the control unit 27 controls the engine by transmitting command signals to the fuel injection device 28. A method for determining the command throttle values for the fuel injection device 28 will be explained below. The control unit 27 has an engine requirement determination unit 87 and a required throttle determination unit 89.
The engine requirement determination unit 87 determines an engine required horsepower Hdm on the basis of the work implement required horsepower Hpto, the transmission required horsepower Htm, and the energy management required horsepower Hem. Specifically, the engine requirement determination unit 87 determines the engine required horsepower Hdm by adding the work implement required horsepower Hpto, the transmission required horsepower Htm, and the energy management required horsepower Hem.
The required throttle determination unit 89 determines a command throttle value Th_cm from the engine required horsepower Hdm and the accelerator operating amount Aac. The required throttle determination unit 89 uses an engine torque line Let and a matching line Lma stored in the storage unit 56 to determine the command throttle value TH_cm. The engine torque line Let defines a relationship between the output torque of the engine 21 and the engine rotation speed Ne. The matching line Lma is information for determining a first required throttle value from the engine required horsepower Hdm.
The required throttle determination unit 89 determines the first required throttle value so that the engine torque line Let and the matching line Lma match at a matching point Pma1 where the output torque of the engine 21 becomes the torque corresponding to the engine required horsepower Hdm. The required throttle determination unit 89 determines the smaller from the first required throttle value and a second required throttle value corresponding to the accelerator operating amount Aac as the command throttle value Th_cm.
A method for determining the command torque to the first motor MG1 and the second motor MG2 during a shuttle action is explained below.
The shuttle action evaluating unit 91 evaluates whether the work vehicle 1 is in a shuttle action on the basis of the rotating direction of the output shaft 63 and the position of the FR operating member 54a. Specifically, the shuttle action evaluating unit 91 determines that the vehicle is in the shuttle action when the travel direction defined by the position of the FR operating member 54a differs from the actual travel direction of the vehicle. That is, when the position of the FR operating member 54a is the forward travel position (F) and the work vehicle 1 is traveling in reverse, the shuttle action evaluating unit 91 determines that the vehicle is in a shuttle action. When the position of the FR operating member 54a is the reverse travel position (R) and the work vehicle 1 is traveling forward, the shuttle action evaluating unit 91 also determines that the vehicle is in a shuttle action.
When it is determined by the shuttle action evaluating unit 91 that the shuttle action has started, the target output shaft torque determination unit 82 determines the target output shaft torque to generate a deceleration force for decelerating the work vehicle 1 on the output shaft 63 of the power transmission device 24. Specifically, the target output shaft torque determination unit 82 has a deceleration force output ratio determination unit 92 and a target deceleration force determination unit 93.
The deceleration force output ratio determination unit 92 determines a deceleration force output ratio. The deceleration force output ratio is a ratio of the deceleration force relative to a predetermined maximum output shaft torque. As described below, the target deceleration force determination unit 93 calculates a target deceleration force by multiplying the maximum output shaft torque by the deceleration force output ratio. Therefore, the deceleration force increases as the deceleration force output ratio increases.
Specifically, the deceleration force output ratio determination unit 92 determines an initial deceleration force output ratio Rde0 and a reference deceleration force output ratio Rde_target from the rotation speed of the output shaft 63, and increases the deceleration force output ratio so that the deceleration force output ratio reaches the reference deceleration force output ratio Rde_target from the initial deceleration force output ratio Rde0 during a predetermined time period dt from the starting time point t1 to a time point t2. As a result, the target output shaft torque determination unit 82 gradually increases the deceleration force during the shuttle action.
The initial deceleration force output ratio Rde0 is a deceleration force output ratio corresponding to the target output shaft torque To_ref immediately before the start of the shuttle action. The reference deceleration force output ratio Rde_target is determined on the basis of the accelerator operating amount Aac and the brake operating amount. The deceleration force output ratio determination unit 92 determines the reference deceleration force output ratio Rde_target from the accelerator operating amount and the brake operating amount on the basis of deceleration force output ratio information. The deceleration force output ratio information is information that defines the relationship between the accelerator operating amount, the brake operating amount, and the reference deceleration force output ratio Rde_target, and is stored in the storage unit 56.
As mentioned above, the deceleration force output ratio determination unit 92 gradually increases the deceleration force output ratio in response to the passage of time from the starting time point t1 of the shuttle action.
As illustrated in
As a result, when a torque for accelerating the vehicle is generated in the output shaft 63 of the power transmission device 24 at the starting time point t1 of the shuttle action, the target output shaft torque determination unit 82 determines a target output shaft torque so that the torque of the output shaft 63 of the power transmission device 24 is reduced to zero in the first time period dt1. Next, the target output shaft torque determination unit 82 gradually increases the deceleration force from zero to approach a reference deceleration force corresponding to the reference deceleration force output ratio Rde_target in the second time period dt2.
As illustrated in
When the accelerator operating amount is changed during deceleration, the reference deceleration force output ratio Rde_target is changed in response to the accelerator operating amount after the change. Moreover, when the brake operating amount is changed during deceleration, the reference deceleration force output ratio Rde_target is changed in response to the brake operating amount after the change. The target output shaft torque determination unit 82 gradually changes the deceleration force approaching the reference deceleration force after the change. At this time, the target output shaft torque determination unit 82 gradually increases the deceleration force approaching the reference deceleration force after the change when the reference deceleration force after the change is larger than the current deceleration force. Conversely, the target output shaft torque determination unit 82 gradually decreases the deceleration force approaching the reference deceleration force after the change when the reference deceleration force after the change is smaller than the current deceleration force.
Next, the target deceleration force determination unit 93 illustrated in
When the speed range is in the first speed or the second speed, the target deceleration force determination unit 93 calculates the target deceleration force by multiplying the maximum output shaft torque T1 by the deceleration force output ratio determined by the deceleration force output ratio determination unit 92. When the speed range is in the third speed or the fourth speed, the target deceleration force determination unit 93 calculates the target deceleration force by multiplying the maximum output shaft torque T2 by the deceleration force output ratio determined by the deceleration force output ratio determination unit 92. The target deceleration force corresponds to the above mentioned target output shaft torque To_ref. Because the values of the target deceleration force in the present exemplary embodiment are positive when a deceleration force is generated, specifically values in which the positive values or negative values of the target deceleration force are inverted become the above mentioned target output shaft torque To_ref.
The target deceleration force determination unit 93 calculates a target deceleration power from the target deceleration force and determines the target deceleration force so that the target deceleration power does not exceed the maximum deceleration power illustrated in
Specifically, when the value of the deceleration power calculated from the deceleration force obtained by multiplying the maximum output shaft torque by the deceleration force output ratio, is equal to or less than the maximum deceleration power, the target deceleration force determination unit 93 determines the deceleration force at that time as the target deceleration force. Conversely, when the value of the deceleration power calculated from the deceleration force obtained by multiplying the maximum output shaft torque by the deceleration force output ratio, is greater than the maximum deceleration power, the target deceleration force determination unit 93 determines the deceleration force corresponding to the maximum deceleration power as the target deceleration force.
As illustrated in
Next, a method will be explained for determining a target input shaft torque when the shuttle action evaluating unit 91 determines that the shuttle action has started. As illustrated in
The target energy reservoir power determination unit 94 determines a target energy reservoir power for charging the capacitor 64. The target energy reservoir power determination unit 94 determines the target energy reservoir power on the basis of the charged capacity of the capacitor 64. The charged capacity of the capacitor 64 is calculated from the voltage Vca of the capacitor 64.
Specifically, when the charged capacity is equal to or less than the target charged capacity, the target energy reservoir power determination unit 94 determines the larger of the “target deceleration power” and “a value derived by multiplying a difference between the target charged capacity and the charged capacity of the capacitor by a predetermined gain”, as the target energy reservoir power. The shuttle action is a phase when the kinetic energy of the vehicle body is greatly reduced and energy for accelerating the vehicle body in the travel direction for the subsequent acceleration is consumed. Therefore, as much kinetic energy as possible is regenerated during deceleration and stored, and then the stored energy is desirably used in the subsequent acceleration. However, if the charged capacity is equal to or less than the target charged capacity, the charged capacity is likely insufficient for the shuttle action. Therefore, by determining the target energy reservoir power as described above, a value equal to or greater than the target deceleration power that is the maximum value that can be regenerated can be determined as the target energy reservoir power, and consequently the target charged capacity can be reached quickly.
The target charged capacity is stored in the storage unit 56, and information for illustrating the relationship between the target charged capacity and the vehicle speed is stored in the storage unit 56 for example. In this case, the target energy reservoir power determination unit 94 determines the target charged capacity in response to the vehicle speed.
Conversely, when the current charged capacity is greater than the predetermined target charged capacity, the target energy reservoir power determination unit 94 determines the target deceleration power as the target energy reservoir power. In this way, even if the current charged capacity is greater than the predetermined target charged capacity, it is desirable that charging is carried out positively because the number of phases in which energy can be regenerated efficiently during the shuttle action is small. As a result, the target energy reservoir power is determined so that charging is carried out to a level approaching a full charge while monitoring the charged capacity (voltage) of the capacitor.
During a normal action, the target energy reservoir power determination unit 94 determines the target energy reservoir power so that the target charged capacity corresponds to the vehicle speed. For example, the target energy reservoir power determination unit 94 performs proportional control, that is, the target energy reservoir power determination unit 94 determines the target energy reservoir power by multiplying the difference between the target charged capacity and the capacitor charged capacity by a predetermined gain.
The target input shaft torque determination unit 81 determines the target input shaft torque on the basis of the target energy reservoir power and the deceleration power. As illustrated in
The engine return power determination unit 95 determines an engine return power by subtracting the target energy reservoir power from the target deceleration power. The target engine torque determination unit 96 determines a target engine torque by dividing an engine return power by the engine rotation speed. The target input shaft torque determination unit 81 determines a value of the input torque to the power transmission device 24 corresponding to the target engine torque as the target input shaft torque Te_ref.
The command torque determination unit 83 uses the torque-balance information to determine torque commands for the motors from the target input shaft torque Te_ref and the target output shaft torque To_ref determined as described above. That is, command torques for the motors are determined in the Lo mode using the first torque-balance information depicted in the above mentioned equation (1) from the target input shaft torque Te_ref and the target output shaft torque To_ref. That is, command torques for the motors are determined in the Hi mode using the second torque-balance information depicted in the above mentioned equation (2) from the target input shaft torque Te_ref and the target output shaft torque To_ref. As a result, the deceleration force corresponding to the target output shaft torque To_ref is generated on the output shaft 63 of the power transmission device 24 during the shuttle action.
As illustrated in
When the FNR position at the time point t1 is switched from the reverse travel position (R) to the forward travel position (F), the FNR position is in the forward travel position (F), but the work vehicle 1 is still traveling in reverse. Therefore, the work vehicle 1 enters the shuttle action. At this time, the connection and disconnection states of the F-clutch CF and the R-clutch CR are maintained in the state before the start of the shuttle action. That is, even if the FNR position is switched from the reverse travel position (R) to the forward travel position (F), the F-clutch CF is disconnected (
When the shuttle action is started at the time point t1, the first motor MG1 and the second motor MG2 are controlled as described above with the control during the shuttle action. As a result, while the work vehicle 1 is traveling in reverse (FIG. 12(B)), a tractive force in the direction for causing the work vehicle 1 to travel forward is generated (
Because the initial deceleration force Tde0 is negative, the deceleration force in
The deceleration force is maintained at the reference deceleration force Tde_target from the time point t2. As a result, the vehicle speed in reverse further decreases and the vehicle speed reaches zero at the time point t3. At this time, the F-clutch CF is switched from the disconnection state to the connection state (
The vehicle speed in the forward direction increases from the time point t3 due to the tractive force for causing the work vehicle to travel forward (
The time point for switching the F-clutch CF and the R-clutch CR is not limited to being synchronized with the time point (t3) when the shuttle action is finished. The switching time point of the F-clutch CF may be before the time point (t3) when the shuttle action is finished. The switching time point of the R-clutch CR may be after the time point (t3) when the shuttle action is finished.
The work vehicle 1 according to the present exemplary embodiment has the following features.
A deceleration force of the output shaft 63 of the power transmission device 24 can be achieved by determining command torques to the motors MG1 and MG2 from the balance of the torques of the power transmission device 24. As a result, the shuttle action in a work vehicle 1 provided with an EMT can be realized.
The target output shaft torque determination unit 82 gradually increases the deceleration force output ratio during the shuttle action. As a result, the work vehicle 1 can be allowed to decelerate smoothly because the deceleration force increases gradually during the shuttle action.
The deceleration force output ratio is determined on the basis of the accelerator operating amount and the brake operating amount. As a result, the deceleration force changes in response to the accelerator operating amount and the brake operating amount. Consequently, operability can be improved because a deceleration force that takes into account the operating desire of the operator can be generated.
The target output shaft torque determination unit 82 increases the deceleration force in a linear manner to zero when the deceleration force is negative, that is, when an acceleration force is generated, at the starting time point of the shuttle action, and then after the deceleration force reaches zero, the deceleration force is increased in a curved manner toward the reference deceleration force. As a result, the deceleration force can be increased in a short time while suppressing swaying of the vehicle body when a shuttle operation is performed during normal travel for example.
The deceleration force is increased in a curved manner from the deceleration force at the starting time point of the shuttle action toward the reference deceleration force when the deceleration force is zero or greater at the starting time point of the shuttle action. As a result, when for example the operator performs a shuttle operation during a light deceleration such as when the acceleration operation is turned off, the work vehicle 1 can be decelerated smoothly.
The target output shaft torque determination unit 82 determines the target output shaft torque so that maximum deceleration power is reduced in response to an increase in the engine rotation speed when the engine rotation speed meets or exceeds a predetermined value. For example, when the capacitor 64 is near a fully charged state, all of the deceleration power is regenerated for the engine 21 and the engine rotation speed is increased. In this case, the deceleration power is suppressed whereby an excessive increase in the engine rotation speed can be suppressed.
The target input shaft torque determination unit 81 determines the target input shaft torque on the basis of the target energy reservoir power and the deceleration power. Therefore, the target input shaft torque can be determined by taking into account the regenerated deceleration power and the target energy reservoir power, a desired deceleration force can be ensured and a desired energy reservoir amount can be ensured and consequently fuel consumption can be improved.
The above mentioned power transmission device 24 of the present exemplary embodiment has the first planetary gear mechanism 68 and the second planetary gear mechanism 69. However, the number of the planetary gear mechanisms provided in the power transmission device 24 is not limited to two. The power transmission device 24 may only have one planetary gear mechanism. Alternatively, the power transmission device 24 may have three or more planetary gear mechanisms.
As illustrated in
The planetary gear mechanism 168 has the sun gear S1, the plurality of planet gears P1, the carrier C1 that supports the plurality of planet gears P1, and the ring gear R1. The sun gear S1 is coupled to the first transmission shaft 167. The plurality of planet gears P1 mesh with the sun gear S1 and are supported in a rotatable manner by the carrier C1. The carrier C1 is fixed to the second transmission shaft 191. The ring gear R1 meshes with the plurality of planet gears P1 and is able to rotate. The ring outer periphery gear Gr1 is provided on the outer periphery of the ring gear R1. The second motor gear Gm2 is fixed to the output shaft 63 of the second motor MG2 and the second motor gear Gm2 meshes with the ring outer periphery gear Gr1.
The second transmission shaft gear 192 is coupled to the second transmission shaft 191. The second transmission shaft gear 192 meshes with the output gear 71, and the rotation of the second transmission shaft gear 192 is outputted to the output shaft 63 via the output gear 71.
The speed change mechanism 166 has a first high-speed gear (referred to below as “first H-gear GH1”), a second high-speed gear (referred to below as “second H-gear GH2”), a first low-speed gear (referred to below as “first L-gear GL1”), a second low-speed gear (referred to below as “second L-gear GL2”), a third transmission shaft 193, and a Hi/Lo switch mechanism 170.
The first H-gear GH1 and the first L-gear GL1 are disposed on the same shaft as the first transmission shaft 167 and the second transmission shaft 191. The first H-gear GH1 is coupled to the first transmission shaft 167. The first L-gear GL1 is coupled to the second transmission shaft 191. The second H-gear GH2 meshes with the first H-gear GH1. The second L-gear GL2 meshes with the first L-gear GL1. The second H-gear GH2 and the second L-gear GL2 are disposed on the same shaft as the third transmission shaft 193, and are disposed to be able to rotate in relation to the third transmission shaft 193. The third transmission shaft 193 is coupled to the output shaft 63 of the first motor MG1.
The Hi/Lo switch mechanism 170 is a mechanism for switching the drive-power transmission path of the power transmission device 24 between a high-speed mode (Hi mode) in which the vehicle speed is high and a low-speed mode (Lo mode) in which the vehicle speed is low. The Hi/Lo switch mechanism 170 has the H-clutch CH that is ON during the Hi mode and the L-clutch CL that is ON during the Lo mode. The H-clutch CH connects and disconnects the second H-gear GH2 and the third transmission shaft 193. The L-clutch CL connects and disconnects the second L-gear GL2 and the third transmission shaft 193.
Next the operations of the power transmission device 124 according to the second exemplary embodiment will be explained.
The driving power from the engine 21 in the A region is inputted to the sun gear S1 via the first transmission shaft 167, and the driving power is outputted from the carrier C1 to the second transmission shaft 191. Conversely, the driving power inputted to the sun gear S1 is transmitted from the planet gear P1 to the ring gear R1 and outputted through the ring outer periphery gear Gr1 and the second motor gear Gm2 to the second motor MG2. The second motor MG2 functions mainly as a generator in the A region, and a portion of the electrical power generated by the second motor MG2 is stored in the capacitor 64.
The first motor MG1 functions mainly as an electric motor in the A region. The driving power of the first motor MG1 is outputted to the second transmission shaft 191 along a path from the third transmission shaft 193 to the second L-gear GL2 to the first L-gear GL1. The driving power combined in the second transmission shaft 191 in this way is transmitted through the second transmission shaft gear 192 and the output gear 71 to the output shaft 63.
In the B region (Hi mode) in which the vehicle speed exceeds V1, the H-clutch CH is ON (connected) and the L-clutch CL is OFF (disconnected). Because the H-clutch CH is ON in the B region, the second H-gear GH2 and the third transmission shaft 193 are connected. Because the L-clutch CL is OFF, the second L-gear GL2 and the third transmission shaft 193 are disconnected.
The driving power from the engine 21 in the B region is inputted to the sun gear S1 and the driving power is outputted from the carrier C1 to the second transmission shaft 191. The driving power from the engine 21 is outputted from the first H-gear GH1 through the second H-gear GH2 and the third transmission shaft 193 to the first motor MG1. The first motor MG1 functions mainly as a generator in the B region, and thus a portion of the electrical power generated by the first motor MG1 is stored in the capacitor 64.
The driving power of the second motor MG2 is outputted to the second transmission shaft 191 along a path from the second motor gear Gm2 to the ring outer periphery gear Gr1 to the ring gear R1 to the carrier C1. The driving power combined in the second transmission shaft 191 in this way is transmitted through the second transmission shaft gear 192 and the output gear 71 to the output shaft 63.
The control of the power transmission device 124 in the work vehicle according to the second embodiment is the same as the control of the power transmission device 24 in the above embodiment. However, the structure of the power transmission device 124 is different from that of the power transmission device 24, and the torque-balance information is different from the above information. Specifically, a first torque-balance information in the second exemplary embodiment is represented by the following equation 3.
Ts1_Low=Te_ref*r—fr
Tc1_Low=Ts1_Low*(−1)*((Zr1/Zs1)+1)
Tr1_Low=Ts1_Low*(Zr1/Zs1)
Tcm1_Low=To_ref*(−1)*(Zod/Zo)+Tc1_Low
Tm1_Low=Tcm1_Low*(−1)*(Zm1_Low/Zm1d_Low)
Tm2_Low=Tr1_Low*(−1)*(Zm2/Zm2d) Equation 3
A second torque-balance information in the second embodiment is represented by the following equation 4.
Tc1_Hi=To_ref*(−1)*(Zod/Zo)
Tr1_Hi=Tc1_Hi*(−1)*(1/(Zs/Zr+1))
Ts1_Hi=Tr1_Hi*(Zs/Zr)
Tsm1_Hi=Ts1+Te_ref*r—fr
Tm1_Hi=Tsm1_Hi*(−1)*(Zm1_Hi/Zm1d_Hi)
Tm2_Hi=Tr1_Hi*(−1)*(Zm2/Zm2d) Equation 4
The contents of the parameters in each of the types of torque-balance information are depicted in Table 2 below.
The present invention is not limited to the above exemplary embodiments and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
The present invention is not limited to the above mentioned wheel loader and may be applied to another type of work vehicle such as a bulldozer, a tractor, a forklift, or a motor grader.
The present invention may be applicable to another type of speed change device, such as a HMT, without being limited to the EMT. In this case, the first motor MG1 functions as a hydraulic motor and a hydraulic pump. The second motor MG2 functions as a hydraulic motor and a hydraulic pump. The first motor MG1 and the second motor MG2 are variable capacitor pump/motors, and the capacities are controlled by the control unit 27 controlling the tilt angle of the skew plate or the inclined shaft. The capacities of the first motor MG1 and the second motor MG2 are controlled so that the command torques Tm1—ref and Tm2—ref calculated in the same way as in the above exemplary embodiments are outputted.
The configuration of the power transmission device 24 is not limited to the configuration of the above exemplary embodiments. For example, the coupling and disposition of the elements of the two planetary gear mechanisms 68 and 69 are not limited to the coupling and disposition of the above exemplary embodiments. The configuration of the power transmission device 124 is not limited to the configuration of the above embodiment. For example, the coupling and disposition of the elements of the planetary gear mechanism 168 are not limited to the coupling and disposition of the above exemplary embodiment.
The control of the power transmission device 24 during the normal action is not limited to the control of the above exemplary embodiments. That is in the present embodiment, the target input shaft torque Te_ref and the target output shaft torque To_ref are determined so that predetermined vehicle speed-tractive force characteristics can be achieved in which the tractive force changes continuously in response to the vehicle speed. However, the target input shaft torque Te_ref and the target output shaft torque To_ref may be set optionally.
The torque-balance information is not limited to the equations for balancing the torque as in the above exemplar embodiments. For example, the torque-balance information may be in the format of a table or a map.
Although the target output shaft torque determination unit 82 in the above exemplary embodiments determines the deceleration force using the deceleration force output ratio, the deceleration force may be determined directly without using the deceleration force output ratio. The states of the changes in the deceleration force output ratio and the deceleration force are not limited to those illustrated in
According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the shuttle action in a work vehicle provided with a HMT or an EMT can be realized.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013-217412 | Oct 2013 | JP | national |
This application is a U.S. National stage application of International Application No. PCT/JP2014/073187, filed on Sep. 3, 2014. This U.S. National stage application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(a) to Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-217412, filed in Japan on Oct. 18, 2013, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2014/073187 | 9/3/2014 | WO | 00 |
