Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes

GPHYSICS G09Cryptography, education, displays G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION

G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes

G09G3/001using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36 G09G3/002to project the image of a two-dimensional display, such as an array of light emitting or modulating elements or a CRT G09G3/003to produce spatial visual effects G09G3/004to give the appearance of moving signs G09G3/005forming an image using a quickly moving array of imaging elements, causing the human eye to perceive an image which has a larger resolution than the array G09G3/006Electronic inspection or testing of displays and display drivers G09G3/007Use of pixel shift techniques G09G3/008forming an image on an image carrier by relative movement of a writing unit to the image carrier G09G3/02by tracing or scanning a light beam on a screen G09G3/025with scanning or deflecting the beams in two directions or dimensions G09G3/04for presentation of a single character by selection from a plurality of characters, or by composing the character by combination of individual elements G09G3/045Selecting complete characters G09G3/06using controlled light sources G09G3/08using incandescent filaments G09G3/10using gas tubes G09G3/12using electroluminescent elements G09G3/14semiconductor devices G09G3/16by control of light from an independent source G09G3/18using liquid crystals G09G3/19using electrochromic devices G09G3/20for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters G09G3/2003Display of colours G09G3/2007Display of intermediate tones G09G3/2011by amplitude modulation G09G3/2014by modulation of the duration of a single pulse during which the logic level remains constant G09G3/2018by time modulation using two or more time intervals G09G3/2022using sub-frames G09G3/2025the sub-frames having all the same time duration G09G3/2029the sub-frames having non-binary weights G09G3/2033with splitting one or more sub-frames corresponding to the most significant bits into two or more sub-frames G09G3/2037with specific control of sub-frames corresponding to the least significant bits G09G3/204the sub-frames being organized in consecutive sub-frame groups G09G3/2044using dithering G09G3/2048with addition of random noise to an image signal or to a gradation threshold G09G3/2051with use of a spatial dither pattern G09G3/2055the pattern being varied in time G09G3/2059using error diffusion G09G3/2062using error diffusion in time G09G3/2066with error diffusion in both space and time G09G3/207by domain size control G09G3/2074using sub-pixels G09G3/2077by a combination of two or more gradation control methods G09G3/2081with combination of amplitude modulation and time modulation G09G3/2085Special arrangements for addressing the individual elements of the matrix, other than by driving respective rows and columns in combination G09G3/2088with use of a plurality of processors, each processor controlling a number of individual elements of the matrix G09G3/2092Details of a display terminals using a flat panel, the details relating to the control arrangement of the display terminal and to the interfaces thereto G09G3/2096Details of the interface to the display terminal specific for a flat panel G09G3/22using controlled light sources G09G3/24using incandescent filaments G09G3/26to give the appearance of moving signs G09G3/28using luminous gas-discharge panels G09G3/2803Display of gradations G09G3/2807with discharge activated by high-frequency signals specially adapted therefor G09G3/2813using alternating current [AC] - direct current [DC] hybrid-type panels G09G3/282using DC panels G09G3/285using self-scanning G09G3/288using AC panels G09G3/29using self-shift panels with sequential transfer of the discharges from an input position to a further display position G09G3/291controlling the gas discharge to control a cell condition G09G3/292for reset discharge, priming discharge or erase discharge occurring in a phase other than addressing G09G3/2922Details of erasing G09G3/2925Details of priming G09G3/2927Details of initialising G09G3/293for address discharge G09G3/2932Addressed by writing selected cells that are in an OFF state G09G3/2935Addressed by erasing selected cells that are in an ON state G09G3/2937being addressed only once per frame G09G3/294for lighting or sustain discharge G09G3/2942with special waveforms to increase luminous efficiency G09G3/2944by varying the frequency of sustain pulses or the number of sustain pulses proportionally in each subfield of the whole frame G09G3/2946by introducing variations of the frequency of sustain pulses within a frame or non-proportional variations of the number of sustain pulses in each subfield G09G3/2948by increasing the total sustaining time with respect to other times in the frame G09G3/296Driving circuits for producing the waveforms applied to the driving electrodes G09G3/2965using inductors for energy recovery G09G3/297using opposed discharge type panels G09G3/298using surface discharge panels G09G3/2983using non-standard pixel electrode arrangements G09G3/2986with more than 3 electrodes involved in the operation G09G3/299using alternate lighting of surface-type panels G09G3/30using electroluminescent panels G09G3/32semiconductive G09G3/3208organic G09G3/3216using a passive matrix G09G3/3225using an active matrix G09G3/3233with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element G09G3/3241the current through the light-emitting element being set using a data current provided by the data driver G09G3/325the data current flowing through the driving transistor during a setting phase G09G3/3258with pixel circuitry controlling the voltage across the light-emitting element G09G3/3266Details of drivers for scan electrodes G09G3/3275Details of drivers for data electrodes G09G3/3283in which the data driver supplies a variable data current for setting the current through, or the voltage across, the light-emitting elements G09G3/3291in which the data driver supplies a variable data voltage for setting the current through, or the voltage across, the light-emitting elements G09G3/34by control of light from an independent source G09G3/3406Control of illumination source G09G3/3413Details of control of colour illumination sources G09G3/342using several illumination sources separately controlled corresponding to different display panel areas G09G3/3426the different display panel areas being distributed in two dimensions G09G3/3433using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices G09G3/344based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas G09G3/3446with more than two electrodes controlling the modulating element G09G3/3453based on rotating particles or microelements G09G3/346based on modulation of the reflection angle G09G3/3466based on interferometric effect G09G3/3473based on light coupled out of a light guide G09G3/348based on the deformation of a fluid drop G09G3/3486using light modulating elements actuated by a magnetic field G09G3/3493using light modulating elements actuated by a piezoelectric effect G09G3/36using liquid crystals G09G3/3603with thermally addressed liquid crystals G09G3/3607for displaying colours or for displaying grey scales with a specific pixel layout G09G3/3611Control of matrices with row and column drivers G09G3/3614Control of polarity reversal in general G09G3/3618with automatic refresh of the display panel using sense/write circuits G09G3/3622using a passive matrix G09G3/3625using active addressing G09G3/3629using liquid crystals having memory effects G09G3/3633with transmission/voltage characteristic comprising multiple loops G09G3/3637with intermediate tones displayed by domain size control G09G3/364with use of subpixels G09G3/3644with the matrix divided into sections G09G3/3648using an active matrix G09G3/3651using multistable liquid crystals G09G3/3655Details of drivers for counter electrodes G09G3/3659the addressing of the pixel involving the control of two or more scan electrodes or two or more data electrodes G09G3/3662using plasma-addressed liquid crystal displays G09G3/3666with the matrix divided into sections G09G3/367with a nonlinear element in series with the liquid crystal cell G09G3/3674Details of drivers for scan electrodes G09G3/3677suitable for active matrices only G09G3/3681suitable for passive matrices only G09G3/3685Details of drivers for data electrodes G09G3/3688suitable for active matrices only G09G3/3692suitable for passive matrices only G09G3/3696Generation of voltages supplied to electrode drivers G09G3/38using electrochromic devices