Extrusion moulding

BPERFORMING OPERATIONS TRANSPORTING B29Plastic substance processing B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS SHAPING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE, IN GENERAL AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS

B29C47/00Extrusion moulding

B29C47/0002Small extruders B29C47/0004characterised by the choice of material B29C47/0007Extruding materials comprising incompatible ingredients B29C47/0009characterised by the shape of the articles B29C47/0011Particle-shaped B29C47/0014Filamentary-shaped articles B29C47/0016Rod-shaped articles B29C47/0019Flat rigid articles B29C47/0021Flat flexible articles B29C47/0023Hollow rigid articles having only one tubular passage B29C47/0026Hollow flexible articles B29C47/0028Multi-passage hollow articles B29C47/003Articles having cross-sectional irregularities B29C47/0033Articles having longitudinal irregularities B29C47/0035Curved articles B29C47/0038Combined shaping operations B29C47/004Extrusion moulding combined with compression moulding B29C47/0042Extrusion moulding combined with shaping by internal pressure generated in the material B29C47/0045Extrusion moulding in several steps B29C47/0047producing flat articles having components brought in contact outside the extrusion die B29C47/005producing hollow articles having components brought in contact outside the extrusion die B29C47/0052using a plurality of extrusion dies B29C47/0054Extrusion moulding combined with blow-moulding or thermoforming B29C47/0057Extrusion moulding combined with shaping by orienting, stretching or shrinking B29C47/0059Extrusion moulding combined with shaping by flattening, folding or bending B29C47/0061Extrusion moulding combined with surface shaping B29C47/0064Extrusion moulding combined with joining, lining or laminating B29C47/0066Extrusion moulding combined with cutting B29C47/0069Extrusion moulding combined with printing or marking B29C47/0071extruding under particular conditions B29C47/0073extruding in a clean room B29C47/0076using force fields B29C47/0078at a location before or in the feed unit B29C47/008at the plasticising zone B29C47/0083at a venting zone B29C47/0085in the die B29C47/0088after the die nozzle B29C47/009at the die nozzle exit zone B29C47/0092at a calibration zone B29C47/0095at a conveyor B29C47/0097at a storing zone B29C47/02incorporating preformed parts or layers B29C47/021Coating hollow articles B29C47/022Coating the interior of hollow articles B29C47/023Coating the inner and outer surfaces of hollow reinforcement B29C47/025Coating non-hollow articles B29C47/026partially B29C47/027Simultaneous coating of more than one article B29C47/028Coating discontinuous element or linked elements B29C47/04of multilayered or multi-component B29C47/043Coloured articles B29C47/046comprising a multi-coloured single component B29C47/06Multilayered articles or multi-component articles B29C47/061comprising six or more components, i.e. each component being counted once for each time it is present B29C47/062with components adjacent to each other B29C47/064in the form of a thin strip B29C47/065with components in layered configuration B29C47/067using means for adhering the layers or components B29C47/068using means for avoiding adhering the layers or components B29C47/08Component parts, details or accessories Auxiliary operations B29C47/0801Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means B29C47/0803Shaft or screw supports B29C47/0805Direct drives or gear boxes B29C47/0806Drive or actuation means for non-plasticising purposes B29C47/0808Sealing means B29C47/081for filters B29C47/0811Flow control means, i.e. adjustable parts B29C47/0813in the feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zone B29C47/0815provided in or in the proximity of filter devices B29C47/0816provided in or in the proximity of dies B29C47/0818Exchangeable extruder parts B29C47/082Mounting and handling of the screw B29C47/0822Mounting and handling of the die B29C47/0823Mounting and handling of the hopper or feeder B29C47/0825Screw parts B29C47/0827Barrel parts B29C47/0828Die parts B29C47/083Hopper or feeder parts B29C47/0832Inserts B29C47/0833for screws B29C47/0835for barrels B29C47/0837for dies B29C47/0838General arrangement or layout of plants B29C47/084for extruding parallel streams of material B29C47/0842Extruder machines or parts thereof characterised by the material or by their manufacturing process B29C47/0844Screws B29C47/0845Material therefor B29C47/0847Barrels B29C47/0849Material therefor B29C47/085Dies B29C47/0852Material therefor B29C47/0854Design of extruder parts B29C47/0855by modelling material flow B29C47/0857in the plasticising zone B29C47/0859in the die zone B29C47/0861of intermeshing screws B29C47/0862by modelling of mechanical strength B29C47/0864Machine bases, support structures or frames B29C47/0866Means for allowing relative movements between the apparatus parts B29C47/0867allowing small relative movement B29C47/0869Intermediate treatments B29C47/0871Throttling of the flow B29C47/0872Extrusion in non-steady condition B29C47/0874Material change B29C47/0876Intermittent extrusion B29C47/0877Cleaning, purging; Avoiding contamination for cleaning extruder parts B29C47/0879of feeding units B29C47/0881of plasticising units B29C47/0883of dies B29C47/0884of filters B29C47/0886using back flow B29C47/0888using scrapers B29C47/0889of the extruded articles B29C47/0891Recovering or reusing of energy, materials or the like B29C47/0893of energy B29C47/0894of materials B29C47/0896of additives or processing aids B29C47/0898Storing of the manufactured articles B29C47/10Feeding the material to the extruder B29C47/1009Raw material dosing B29C47/1018Raw material pre-treatment while feeding B29C47/1027in solid form B29C47/1036of preformed parts B29C47/1045of fibrous, filamentary or filling materials B29C47/1054in band and/or in strip form B29C47/1063in liquid form B29C47/1072in gaseous form B29C47/1081at several locations B29C47/109in a location other than through a barrel B29C47/12Extrusion nozzles or dies B29C47/122having reciprocating, oscillating or rotating parts B29C47/124being adjustable B29C47/126using dies or die parts movable in a closed circuit B29C47/128specially adapted for bringing together components B29C47/14with broad opening B29C47/145specially adapted for bringing together components B29C47/16being adjustable B29C47/165by positioning the die lips B29C47/18with die parts oscillating relative to each other B29C47/20with annular opening B29C47/22being adjustable B29C47/225with centering means B29C47/24with die parts rotatable relative to each other B29C47/26Multiple annular extrusion nozzles specially adapted for bringing together components B29C47/261the components merging one by one down streams in the die B29C47/263using a layered die B29C47/265using a die with concentric parts B29C47/266the components merging at a common location B29C47/268using a die with concentric parts B29C47/28Cross-head annular extrusion nozzles B29C47/30Multi-port extrusion nozzles B29C47/32Roller-extrusion nozzles B29C47/34Conveyors for extruded material B29C47/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die B29C47/361with the barrel or with a part thereof rotating B29C47/362using static mixing devices B29C47/363using non-actuated dynamic mixing devices B29C47/364using gear pumps B29C47/365Multi stage plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders B29C47/366using a first screw extruder and a second screw extruder B29C47/367using a screw extruder and a gear pump B29C47/368using a screw extruder and a ram or piston B29C47/369Partial multi-stage B29C47/38using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel B29C47/385using a single screw B29C47/40using at least two parallel intermeshing screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws B29C47/402the screws having intermeshing parts B29C47/404the screws having non-intermeshing parts B29C47/406using non-identical or non-mirrored screws B29C47/408using more than two screws B29C47/42using sub-screws B29C47/44using axially movable screws in relation to the barrel B29C47/46using screws extruding in opposite directions B29C47/48using screws arranged coaxially, one within the other B29C47/50using at least two screws in the same barrel , one after the other B29C47/52using rollers or discs B29C47/522using rollers B29C47/525using single rollers B29C47/527Cavity transfer mixing devices B29C47/54using press rams or pistons or accumulators B29C47/56using more than one extruder to feed one die B29C47/58Details B29C47/585Extruder feed section B29C47/60Screws B29C47/6006Hollow screws B29C47/6012having varying outer diameter B29C47/6018having varying channel depth B29C47/6025having variable channel pitch B29C47/6031having forward feeding elements B29C47/6037having reverse feeding elements B29C47/6043having grooves or cavities B29C47/605having projections with a short length in the screw direction B29C47/6056having kneading disc like elements B29C47/6062having shear ring like elements B29C47/6068having gears B29C47/6075characterised by thread details, i.e. by the special shape of a single thread B29C47/6081characterised by valley details, i.e. by the special shape of a single valley B29C47/6087characterised by the length of the screw or of a section B29C47/6093having parts without mixing elements B29C47/62having more than one screw-thread B29C47/622the neighbouring threads and channels having identical configurations B29C47/625the neighbouring threads or channels having different configurations B29C47/627being multi-flight and having three or more flights B29C47/64having incorporated mixing devices B29C47/66Barrels or cylinders B29C47/661for single screws B29C47/662for twin screws B29C47/663for more than two screws B29C47/664having adaptable feed or discharge locations B29C47/665with irregular inner surfaces B29C47/666having grooves or cavities B29C47/667having projections with a short length in the barrel direction B29C47/668having threads B29C47/68Filters; Screens B29C47/681Filtering devices with at least two parallel filters to be used alternately; Movable filters and changing mechanisms therefor B29C47/682the filters being fitted on a single rectilinearly reciprocating slide B29C47/683the filters being fitted on a rotatable or pivotable disc or on the circumference of a rotatable or pivotable cylinder B29C47/684Continuously rotating cylindrical filters B29C47/685the filters being in the form of a continuous web displaceable to utilise adjacent areas consecutively B29C47/686Substantially flat filters mounted at the end of an extruder screw and perpendicular to its axis B29C47/687Cylindrical or conical filters B29C47/688surrounding a rotating screw B29C47/70Flow dividers B29C47/702comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows B29C47/705in the die zone B29C47/707component or layer multiplying B29C47/72Feed-back means B29C47/725for plasticising or homogenising devices B29C47/74By-pass means B29C47/745for plasticising or homogenising devices B29C47/76Venting, drying or degassing means B29C47/761the vented material being in liquid form B29C47/762Vapour stripping B29C47/763Vent constructions B29C47/765in the extruder apparatus B29C47/766in screw extruders B29C47/767through a degassing opening of a barrel B29C47/768outside the apparatus B29C47/78Heating or cooling the material to be extruded or the stream of extruded material or of a preformed part B29C47/782of a preformed part B29C47/784at a location before the plasticising zone B29C47/786heating B29C47/788cooling B29C47/80at plasticising zone B29C47/802heating B29C47/805cooling B29C47/807characterised by differential heating or cooling B29C47/82Heating or cooling the cylinders B29C47/822heating B29C47/825cooling B29C47/827characterised by differential heating or cooling B29C47/84Heating or cooling the screws B29C47/842heating B29C47/845cooling B29C47/847characterised by differential heating or cooling B29C47/86at nozzle zone B29C47/862heating B29C47/864cooling B29C47/866characterised by differential heating or cooling B29C47/868in the direction of the stream of the material B29C47/88Heating or cooling the stream of extruded material B29C47/8805Heating B29C47/881of hollow articles B29C47/8815cooling B29C47/882of hollow articles B29C47/8825of tubular films B29C47/883internally B29C47/8835externally B29C47/884of flat articles B29C47/8845cooling drums B29C47/885Endless cooling belts B29C47/8855with means for improving the adhesion to the supporting means B29C47/886Pressure rollers B29C47/8865using vacuum B29C47/887Electrostatic pinning B29C47/8875by applying pressurised gas to the surface of the flat article B29C47/888by interposing a fluid layer between the supporting means and the flat article B29C47/8885characterized by differential heating or cooling B29C47/889in the direction of the stream of the material B29C47/8895using a bath B29C47/90with calibration or sizing B29C47/901of hollow bodies B29C47/902internally B29C47/903externally B29C47/904using dry calibration, i.e. no quenching tank B29C47/905using wet calibration B29C47/906using roller calibration B29C47/907using adjustable calibrators B29C47/908characterised by calibrator surface B29C47/92Measuring, controlling or regulating B29C47/94Lubricating B29C47/96Safety devices B29C47/965Personnel safety