from bacteria

Industry

CPC
C12N2820/55

This industry / category may be too specific. Please go to a parent level for more data

Parent Industries

CCHEMISTRY METALLURGY C12Biochemistry C12NMICRO-ORGANISMS OR ENZYMES COMPOSITIONS THEREOF PROPAGATING, PRESERVING OR MAINTAINING MICRO-ORGANISMS MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING CULTURE MEDIA C12N2820/00Vectors comprising a special origin of replication system

Current Industry

C12N2820/55from bacteria

Industries

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Information Patent Grant
Immunogenic composition
- Patent number 12,076,352
- Issue date Sep 3, 2024
- GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA
- Christiane Marie-Paule Simone Jeanne Feron
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Replicative minicircle vectors with improved expression
- Patent number 11,851,665
- Issue date Dec 26, 2023
- ALDEVRON, LLC
- James A. Williams
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Single-vector type I vectors
- Patent number 11,851,663
- Issue date Dec 26, 2023
- SNIPR Biome ApS
- Virginia Martinez
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Single-vector type I vectors
- Patent number 11,629,350
- Issue date Apr 18, 2023
- SNIPR Biome ApS
- Virginia Martinez
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Phagemid vector
- Patent number 11,603,540
- Issue date Mar 14, 2023
- Imperial College Innovations Limited
- Amin Hajitou
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
DNA plasmids with improved expression
- Patent number RE49423
- Issue date Feb 21, 2023
- Nature Technology Corporation
- James A. Williams
Information Patent Grant
Methods of rapid ligation-independent cloning of DNA and uses thereof
- Patent number 11,578,332
- Issue date Feb 14, 2023
- Philippe Valadon
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Single-vector type I vectors
- Patent number 11,578,333
- Issue date Feb 14, 2023
- SNIPR Biome ApS
- Virginia Martinez
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Episomal DNA vectors for plant genetic engineering
- Patent number 11,549,121
- Issue date Jan 10, 2023
- University of Tennessee Research Foundation
- Scott C. Lenaghan
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Compositions and methods using Cas9 with enhanced spacer acquisitio...
- Patent number 11,377,645
- Issue date Jul 5, 2022
- The Rockefeller University
- Luciano Marraffini
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Replicative minicircle vectors with improved expression
- Patent number 11,098,313
- Issue date Aug 24, 2021
- Nature Technology Corporation
- James A. Williams
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
ADAM12 inhibitors and their use against inflammation-induced fibrosis
- Patent number 10,961,536
- Issue date Mar 30, 2021
- Institut Pasteur
- Lucie Peduto
- A01 - AGRICULTURE FORESTRY ANIMAL HUSBANDRY HUNTING TRAPPING FISHING
Information Patent Grant
Replicative minicircle vectors with improved expression
- Patent number 10,844,388
- Issue date Nov 24, 2020
- Nature Technology Corporation
- James A. Williams
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
PDL1 block CAR-T transgenic vector for suppressing immune escape, p...
- Patent number 10,736,920
- Issue date Aug 11, 2020
- SHANGHAI UNICAR-THERAPY BIO-MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
- Lei Yu
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Expression and secretion system
- Patent number 10,633,650
- Issue date Apr 28, 2020
- Genentech, Inc.
- Devin Tesar
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Grant
Plants having increased tolerance to herbicides
- Patent number 10,538,782
- Issue date Jan 21, 2020
- BASF SE
- Doreen Schachtschabel
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Method of making adenovirus and corresponding plasmids
- Patent number 10,472,648
- Issue date Nov 12, 2019
- Psioxus Therapeutics Limited
- Alice Claire Noel Brown
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Compositions for in vivo expression of therapeutic sequences in the...
- Patent number 10,351,452
- Issue date Jul 16, 2019
- SynPhaGen LLC
- Todd Bernard Parsley
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Fungal artificial chromosomes, compositions, methods and uses therefor
- Patent number 10,337,019
- Issue date Jul 2, 2019
- INTACT GENOMICS, INC.
- Chengcang Charles Wu
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Replicative minicircle vectors with improved expression
- Patent number 10,167,478
- Issue date Jan 1, 2019
- Nature Technology Corporation
- James A. Williams
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
DNA plasmids with improved expression
- Patent number 10,144,935
- Issue date Dec 4, 2018
- Nature Technology Corporation
- James A. Williams
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Vectors for transforming Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, transformed M. h...
- Patent number 10,076,561
- Issue date Sep 18, 2018
- HIPRA SCIENTIFIC, S.L.U.
- Luis Gonzalez Gonzalez
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Replicative minicircle vectors with improved expression
- Patent number 10,047,365
- Issue date Aug 14, 2018
- Nature Technology Corporation
- James A. Williams
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Expression and secretion system
- Patent number 9,803,191
- Issue date Oct 31, 2017
- Genentech, Inc.
- Devin Tesar
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
ADAM12 inhibitors and their use against inflammation-induced fibrosis
- Patent number 9,777,276
- Issue date Oct 3, 2017
- Institut Pasteur
- Lucie Peduto
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Therapeutic phages and methods for delivery of nucleic acids for th...
- Patent number 9,676,641
- Issue date Jun 13, 2017
- SynPhaGen LLC
- Todd Bernard Parsley
- C02 - TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
Information Patent Grant
DNA plasmids with improved expression
- Patent number 9,550,998
- Issue date Jan 24, 2017
- Nature Technology Corporation
- James A. Williams
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
CHO expression system
- Patent number 9,334,489
- Issue date May 10, 2016
- Sanofi
- Catherine Devaud
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Grant
Controlling transgene expression across the skin
- Patent number 8,653,046
- Issue date Feb 18, 2014
- ETH Zurich
- Martin Fussenegger
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Recombinant viral vector for gene transfer into lymphoid cells
- Patent number 8,148,060
- Issue date Apr 3, 2012
- The Research Foudation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University
- Yasuko Mori
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

Information Patent Application
REPLICATIVE MINICIRCLE VECTORS WITH IMPROVED EXPRESSION
- Publication number 20240218382
- Publication date Jul 4, 2024
- ALDEVRON, LLC
- James A. Williams
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
SINGLE-VECTOR TYPE I VECTORS
- Publication number 20240141365
- Publication date May 2, 2024
- SNIPR Biome ApS
- Virginia MARTINEZ
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
EXPRESSION AND SECRETION SYSTEM
- Publication number 20240043831
- Publication date Feb 8, 2024
- Genentech, Inc.
- Devin Tesar
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
MOLONEY MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS-BASED SELF-INACTIVATING VECTOR AND AP...
- Publication number 20230416777
- Publication date Dec 28, 2023
- YUNZHOU BIOSCIENCES (GUANGZHOU) CO., LTD.
- Jinxiu SHI
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
Treatment delivery system and method
- Publication number 20230285508
- Publication date Sep 14, 2023
- SynPhaGen LLC
- Todd Bernard PARSLEY
- C02 - TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONSTITUTIVE BACTERIAL PROMOTERS CONFE...
- Publication number 20230212593
- Publication date Jul 6, 2023
- BASF SE
- Max Fabian FELLE
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
LARGE VECTORS AND METHODS FOR HIGH-YIELD PRODUCTION
- Publication number 20230183718
- Publication date Jun 15, 2023
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
- Melody Janssen
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
METHOD OF INCREASING THE REPLICATION OF A CIRCULAR DNA MOLECULE
- Publication number 20230167456
- Publication date Jun 1, 2023
- CureVac Manufacturing GmbH
- Jim WILLIAMS
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
SHUTTLE VECTOR FOR EXPRESSION IN E. COLI AND BACILLI
- Publication number 20230139192
- Publication date May 4, 2023
- BASF SE
- Max Fabian FELLE
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
METHOD OF INCREASING THE REPLICATION OF A CIRCULAR DNA MOLECULE
- Publication number 20230027681
- Publication date Jan 26, 2023
- CureVac Manufacturing GmbH
- Jim WILLIAMS
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
MAMMALIAN EXPRESSION VECTORS
- Publication number 20220356487
- Publication date Nov 10, 2022
- BIOCON BIOLOGICS INDIA LIMITED
- NAGARAJA GOVINDAPPA
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
MODIFIED BACULOVIRUS SYSTEM FOR IMPROVED PRODUCTION OF CLOSED-ENDED...
- Publication number 20220090130
- Publication date Mar 24, 2022
- Bioverativ Therapeutics Inc.
- Ajay Maghodia
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
Beta-Galactosidase Alpha Peptide as a Non-Antibiotic Selection Mark...
- Publication number 20220073934
- Publication date Mar 10, 2022
- JANSSEN BIOTECH, INC.
- William Perry
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
EXPRESSION VECTORS FOR EUKARYOTIC EXPRESSION SYSTEMS
- Publication number 20220033845
- Publication date Feb 3, 2022
- MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP.
- Zhimei Du
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
NON-INTEGRATING DNA VECTORS FOR THE GENETIC MODIFICATION OF CELLS
- Publication number 20210403941
- Publication date Dec 30, 2021
- DEUTSCHES KREBSFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM
- Richard Harbottle
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
IMMUNOGENIC COMPOSITION
- Publication number 20210252081
- Publication date Aug 19, 2021
- GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals S.A.
- Christiane Marie-Paule Simone Jeanne FERON
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
Replicative Minicircle Vectors With Improved Expression
- Publication number 20210189407
- Publication date Jun 24, 2021
- NATURE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
- James A. Williams
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
SINGLE-VECTOR TYPE I VECTORS
- Publication number 20210189406
- Publication date Jun 24, 2021
- SNIPR Biome ApS
- Virginia MARTINEZ
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
SINGLE-VECTOR TYPE I VECTORS
- Publication number 20210163960
- Publication date Jun 3, 2021
- SNIPR Biome ApS
- Virginia MARTINEZ
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
VIRAL AND NON-VIRAL NANOPLASMID VECTORS WITH IMPROVED PRODUCTION
- Publication number 20210010021
- Publication date Jan 14, 2021
- NATURE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
- James A. Williams
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
EXPRESSION AND SECRETION SYSTEM
- Publication number 20200385704
- Publication date Dec 10, 2020
- Genentech, Inc.
- Devin Tesar
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
TOOLS AND METHODS FOR GENOME EDITING ISSATCHENKIA ORIENTALIS AND OT...
- Publication number 20200277614
- Publication date Sep 3, 2020
- LCY BIOSCIENCES INC.
- Owen RYAN
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
NON-INTEGRATING DNA VECTORS FOR THE GENETIC MODIFICATION OF CELLS
- Publication number 20200263195
- Publication date Aug 20, 2020
- DEUTSCHES KREBSFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM
- Richard Harbottle
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
SINGLE-VECTOR TYPE I VECTORS
- Publication number 20200115716
- Publication date Apr 16, 2020
- SNIPR Biome ApS
- Virginia MARTINEZ
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
EPISOMAL DNA VECTORS FOR PLANT GENETIC ENGINEERING
- Publication number 20200109409
- Publication date Apr 9, 2020
- University of Tennessee Research Foundation
- SCOTT C. LENAGHAN
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
METHODS OF RAPID LIGATION-INDEPENDENT CLONING OF DNA AND USES THEROF
- Publication number 20200017864
- Publication date Jan 16, 2020
- GENE INFINITY LLC
- PHILIPPE VALADON
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS USING CAS9 WITH ENHANCED SPACER ACQUISITIO...
- Publication number 20190330606
- Publication date Oct 31, 2019
- THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY
- Luciano MARRAFFINI
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
Compositions for in vivo Expression of Therapeutic Sequences in the...
- Publication number 20190315642
- Publication date Oct 17, 2019
- SynPhaGen LLC
- Todd Bernard PARSLEY
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
FUNGAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES, COMPOSITIONS, METHODS AND USES THEREFOR
- Publication number 20190264216
- Publication date Aug 29, 2019
- Intact Genomics, Inc.
- Chengcang Charles Wu
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
METHOD OF INCREASING THE REPLICATION OF A CIRCULAR DNA MOLECULE
- Publication number 20190225971
- Publication date Jul 25, 2019
- CureVac AG
- Jim WILLIAMS
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...

from bacteria

Industry

Parent Industries

Current Industry

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Immunogenic composition

Replicative minicircle vectors with improved expression

Single-vector type I vectors

Single-vector type I vectors

Phagemid vector

DNA plasmids with improved expression

Methods of rapid ligation-independent cloning of DNA and uses thereof

Single-vector type I vectors

Episomal DNA vectors for plant genetic engineering

Compositions and methods using Cas9 with enhanced spacer acquisitio...

Replicative minicircle vectors with improved expression

ADAM12 inhibitors and their use against inflammation-induced fibrosis

Replicative minicircle vectors with improved expression

PDL1 block CAR-T transgenic vector for suppressing immune escape, p...

Expression and secretion system

Plants having increased tolerance to herbicides

Method of making adenovirus and corresponding plasmids

Compositions for in vivo expression of therapeutic sequences in the...

Fungal artificial chromosomes, compositions, methods and uses therefor

Replicative minicircle vectors with improved expression

DNA plasmids with improved expression

Vectors for transforming Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, transformed M. h...

Replicative minicircle vectors with improved expression

Expression and secretion system

ADAM12 inhibitors and their use against inflammation-induced fibrosis

Therapeutic phages and methods for delivery of nucleic acids for th...

DNA plasmids with improved expression

CHO expression system

Controlling transgene expression across the skin

Recombinant viral vector for gene transfer into lymphoid cells

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

REPLICATIVE MINICIRCLE VECTORS WITH IMPROVED EXPRESSION

SINGLE-VECTOR TYPE I VECTORS

EXPRESSION AND SECRETION SYSTEM

MOLONEY MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS-BASED SELF-INACTIVATING VECTOR AND AP...

Treatment delivery system and method

METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONSTITUTIVE BACTERIAL PROMOTERS CONFE...

LARGE VECTORS AND METHODS FOR HIGH-YIELD PRODUCTION

METHOD OF INCREASING THE REPLICATION OF A CIRCULAR DNA MOLECULE

SHUTTLE VECTOR FOR EXPRESSION IN E. COLI AND BACILLI

METHOD OF INCREASING THE REPLICATION OF A CIRCULAR DNA MOLECULE

MAMMALIAN EXPRESSION VECTORS

MODIFIED BACULOVIRUS SYSTEM FOR IMPROVED PRODUCTION OF CLOSED-ENDED...

Beta-Galactosidase Alpha Peptide as a Non-Antibiotic Selection Mark...

EXPRESSION VECTORS FOR EUKARYOTIC EXPRESSION SYSTEMS

NON-INTEGRATING DNA VECTORS FOR THE GENETIC MODIFICATION OF CELLS

IMMUNOGENIC COMPOSITION

Replicative Minicircle Vectors With Improved Expression

SINGLE-VECTOR TYPE I VECTORS

SINGLE-VECTOR TYPE I VECTORS

VIRAL AND NON-VIRAL NANOPLASMID VECTORS WITH IMPROVED PRODUCTION

EXPRESSION AND SECRETION SYSTEM

TOOLS AND METHODS FOR GENOME EDITING ISSATCHENKIA ORIENTALIS AND OT...

NON-INTEGRATING DNA VECTORS FOR THE GENETIC MODIFICATION OF CELLS

SINGLE-VECTOR TYPE I VECTORS

EPISOMAL DNA VECTORS FOR PLANT GENETIC ENGINEERING

METHODS OF RAPID LIGATION-INDEPENDENT CLONING OF DNA AND USES THEROF

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS USING CAS9 WITH ENHANCED SPACER ACQUISITIO...

Compositions for in vivo Expression of Therapeutic Sequences in the...

FUNGAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES, COMPOSITIONS, METHODS AND USES THEREFOR

METHOD OF INCREASING THE REPLICATION OF A CIRCULAR DNA MOLECULE