Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object

GPHYSICS G01Measuring instruments G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object

G01N29/02Analysing fluids G01N29/022Fluid sensors based on micro-sensors G01N29/024by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves G01N29/028by measuring mechanical or acoustic impedance G01N29/032by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves G01N29/036by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves G01N29/04Analysing solids G01N29/041on the surface of the material G01N29/043in the interior G01N29/045by imparting shocks to the workpiece and detecting the vibrations or the acoustic waves caused by the shocks G01N29/046using the echo of particles imparting on a surface; using acoustic emission of particles G01N29/048Marking the faulty objects G01N29/06Visualisation of the interior G01N29/0609Display arrangements G01N29/0618synchronised with scanning G01N29/0627Cathode-ray tube displays G01N29/0636with permanent recording G01N29/0645Display representation or displayed parameters G01N29/0654Imaging G01N29/0663by acoustic holography G01N29/0672by acoustic tomography G01N29/0681by acoustic microscopy G01N29/069Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using G01N29/07by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves G01N29/075by measuring or comparing phase angle G01N29/09by measuring mechanical or acoustic impedance G01N29/11by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves G01N29/12by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves G01N29/14using acoustic emission techniques G01N29/22Details G01N29/221Arrangements for directing or focusing the acoustical waves G01N29/222Constructional or flow details for analysing fluids G01N29/223Supports, positioning or alignment in fixed situation G01N29/225Supports, positioning or alignment in moving situation G01N29/226Handheld or portable devices G01N29/227related to high pressure, tension or stress conditions G01N29/228related to high temperature conditions G01N29/24Probes G01N29/2406Electrostatic or capacitive probes G01N29/2412using the magnetostrictive properties of the material to be examined G01N29/2418using optoacoustic interaction with the material G01N29/2425optoacoustic fluid cells therefor G01N29/2431using other means for acoustic excitation G01N29/2437Piezoelectric probes G01N29/2443Quartz crystal probes G01N29/245Ceramic probes G01N29/2456Focusing probes G01N29/2462Probes with waveguides G01N29/2468Probes with delay lines G01N29/2475Embedded probes G01N29/2481Wireless probes G01N29/2487Directing probes G01N29/2493Wheel shaped probes G01N29/26Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor G01N29/262by electronic orientation or focusing G01N29/265by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material G01N29/27by moving the material relative to a stationary sensor G01N29/275by moving both the sensor and the material G01N29/28providing acoustic coupling G01N29/30Arrangements for calibrating or comparing G01N29/32Arrangements for suppressing undesired influences G01N29/323compensating for pressure or tension variations G01N29/326compensating for temperature variations G01N29/34Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves G01N29/341with time characteristics G01N29/343pulse waves G01N29/345continuous waves G01N29/346with amplitude characteristics G01N29/348with frequency characteristics G01N29/36Detecting the response signal G01N29/38by time filtering G01N29/40by amplitude filtering G01N29/42by frequency filtering or by tuning to resonant frequency G01N29/44Processing the detected response signal G01N29/4409by comparison G01N29/4418with a model G01N29/4427with stored values G01N29/4436with a reference signal G01N29/4445Classification of defects G01N29/4454Signal recognition G01N29/4463Signal correction G01N29/4472Mathematical theories or simulation G01N29/4481Neural networks G01N29/449Statistical methods not provided for in G01N29/4409 G01N29/46by spectral analysis G01N29/48by amplitude comparison G01N29/50using auto-correlation techniques or cross-correlation techniques G01N29/52using inversion methods other that spectral analysis