Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles Reactors therefor

BPERFORMING OPERATIONS TRANSPORTING B01Physical, chemical processing B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES

B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles Reactors therefor

B01J2208/00008Controlling the process B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature B01J2208/00026Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system B01J2208/00035involving measured parameters B01J2208/00044Temperature measurement B01J2208/00053of the heat exchange medium B01J2208/00061of the reactants B01J2208/0007Pressure measurement B01J2208/00079Fluid level measurement B01J2208/00088Flow rate measurement B01J2208/00097Mathematical modelling B01J2208/00106by indirect heat exchange B01J2208/00115with heat exchange elements inside the bed of solid particles B01J2208/00123Fingers B01J2208/00132Tubes B01J2208/00141Coils B01J2208/0015Plates Cylinders B01J2208/00159Radially arranged plates B01J2208/00168with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles B01J2208/00176outside the reactor B01J2208/00185Fingers B01J2208/00194Tubes B01J2208/00203Coils B01J2208/00212Plates Jackets Cylinders B01J2208/00221comprising baffles for guiding the flow of the heat exchange medium B01J2208/0023with some catalyst tubes being empty B01J2208/00238Adjusting the heat-exchange profile by adapting catalyst tubes or the distribution thereof B01J2208/00247Reflux columns B01J2208/00256in a heat exchanger for the heat exchange medium separate from the reactor B01J2208/00265Part of all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling B01J2208/00274involving reactant vapours B01J2208/00283involving reactant liquids B01J2208/00292involving reactant solids B01J2208/003involving reactant slurries B01J2208/00309with two or more reactions in heat exchange with each other, such as an endothermic reaction in heat exchange with an exothermic reaction B01J2208/00318Heat exchange inside a feeding nozzle or nozzle reactor B01J2208/00327by direct heat exchange B01J2208/00336adding a temperature modifying medium to the reactants B01J2208/00345Cryogenic coolants B01J2208/00353Non-cryogenic fluids B01J2208/00362Liquid B01J2208/00371gaseous B01J2208/0038Solids B01J2208/00389using electric heating or cooling elements B01J2208/00398inside the reactor bed B01J2208/00407outside the reactor bed B01J2208/00415electric resistance heaters B01J2208/00424Peltier cooling elements B01J2208/00433using electromagnetic heating B01J2208/00442Microwaves B01J2208/00451Sunlight Visible light B01J2208/0046Infrared radiation B01J2208/00469Radiofrequency B01J2208/00477by thermal insulation means B01J2208/00486Vacuum spaces B01J2208/00495using insulating materials or refractories B01J2208/00504by means of a burner B01J2208/00513using inert heat absorbing solids in the bed B01J2208/00522using inert heat absorbing solids outside the bed B01J2208/0053Controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow B01J2208/00539Pressure B01J2208/00548Flow B01J2208/00557controlling the residence time inside the reactor vessel B01J2208/00566Pulsated flow B01J2208/00575Controlling the viscosity B01J2208/00584Controlling the density B01J2208/00592Controlling the pH B01J2208/00601Controlling the conductivity B01J2208/0061Controlling the level B01J2208/00619Controlling the weight B01J2208/00628Controlling the composition of the reactive mixture B01J2208/00637Means for stopping or slowing down the reaction B01J2208/00646Means for starting up the reaction B01J2208/00654by measures relating to the particulate material B01J2208/00663Concentration B01J2208/00672Particle size selection B01J2208/00681Agglomeration B01J2208/0069Attrition B01J2208/00699Moisture content regulation B01J2208/00707Fouling B01J2208/00716Means for reactor start-up B01J2208/00725Mathematical modelling B01J2208/00734Controlling static charge B01J2208/00743Feeding or discharging of solids B01J2208/00752Feeding B01J2208/00761Discharging B01J2208/00769Details of feeding or discharging B01J2208/00778Kinetic energy reducing devices in the flow channel B01J2208/00787Bringing the solid in the form of a slurry before feeding it to the reactor B01J2208/00796Details of the reactor or of the particulate material B01J2208/00805Details of the particulate material B01J2208/00814the particulate material being provides in prefilled containers B01J2208/00823Mixing elements B01J2208/00831Stationary elements B01J2208/0084inside the bed B01J2208/00849outside the bed B01J2208/00858Moving elements B01J2208/00867inside the bed B01J2208/00876outside the bed B01J2208/00884Means for supporting the bed of particles B01J2208/00893Feeding means for the reactants B01J2208/00902Nozzle-type feeding elements B01J2208/00911Sparger-type feeding elements B01J2208/0092Perforated plates B01J2208/00929Provided with baffles B01J2208/00938Flow distribution elements B01J2208/00946Features relating to the reactants or products B01J2208/00955Sampling of the particulate material, the reactants or the products B01J2208/00964Reactants B01J2208/00973Products B01J2208/00982Particulate material B01J2208/00991Disengagement zone in fluidised-bed reactors B01J2208/02with stationary particles B01J2208/021comprising a plurality of beds with flow of reactants in parallel B01J2208/022Plate-type reactors filled with granular catalyst B01J2208/023Details B01J2208/024Particulate material B01J2208/025Two or more types of catalyst B01J2208/026comprising nanocatalysts B01J2208/027Beds B01J2208/028rotating B01J2208/06Details of tube reactors containing solid particles B01J2208/065Heating or cooling the reactor