Patent Grant
11203849
This disclosure relates to containment and/or filtration in fluid environments.
Previous ways of containing and cleaning fluids included using fences or other floating booms on the surface of the fluid.
Certain example embodiments herein include a containment system comprising, a segmented inflatable buoyant rim surrounding a void, wherein the rim segments each include at least one of an inflation/deflation valve and ballast weight and material connected to the rim segments, wherein the material is configured to hang below the buoyant rim void and enclose the void from below. Also, systems wherein the rim segments include a shield configured to project upwards, opposite of the hanging material. And systems wherein the enclosing material wall and segmented inflatable buoyant rim both includes at least one of a grommet, eye, hook, latch, and tie.
Certain example embodiments include systems wherein the material, having an inside toward the void and an outside, includes at least one vent, configured to allow material to move between the inside and the outside of the enclosing material. Still further systems include wherein the segmented inflatable buoyant rim includes at least one tethered buoy, configured to guide raising and lowering of at least one segment of the segmented inflatable buoyant rim. And wherein the rim is configured to allow attachment of at least two ribs, the ribs extending from opposite sides of the segmented inflatable buoyant rim and arching over the system, wherein the at least two ribs include material between them, forming an enclosure over the segmented inflatable buoyant rim and the inflatable buoyant rim void.
Example embodiments include systems wherein at least one buoyant rim segment is configured to attach to a ballast weight pulley, wherein the ballast weight is configured to weigh down and sink the at least one buoyant rim segment. And systems wherein the shield is configured to be at least one of, inflatable, a brush, a set of flexible fingers and a rigid wall. As well as systems wherein the enclosing material is composed of at least one of, flexible woven synthetic fibers, rigid woven synthetic fibers, flexible plastic, rigid plastic, flexible rubber, and rigid rubber. And certain embodiments include systems wherein the at least two ribs are configured to be inflatable and deflatable. As well as systems wherein the material between the ribs includes at least one vent, and wherein the enclosing material is made of a material that is impermeable to water.
Certain example systems include wherein the tether is at least one of an elastic, a rope, and a chain. And systems wherein at least two of the segments of the segmented inflatable buoyant rim are coupled by at least one hinge. As well as embodiments wherein the segmented inflatable buoyant rim inflation/deflation valves are configured to be operated remotely via at least one of, air pressure, electric, and hydraulic. Certain example embodiments include systems including enclosing material has an inside and an outside, the inside including at least one extraction tube anchored to it, the extraction tube configured to allow liquid from the inside of the enclosing material to be pumped out of the enclosing material. And example systems wherein the extraction tubes include at least one filtered vent to allow the liquid to pass but not solid material. Some example embodiments include wherein the enclosing material has an inside wall and an outside wall, including a void in between the inside and outside wall, wherein the inside wall of the enclosing material includes at least one extraction vent, configured to allow liquid inside the enclosing material to flow into the void. As well as examples wherein the extraction vents are configured to be opened and closed remotely. And further examples comprising a pump, removably connected to the rim and extraction tubes. Some example embodiments may include systems including a pump, removably connected to the rim and double walled enclosing material. And wherein the extraction tubes are made of flexible material. As well as examples wherein the extraction vents include at least one filter. Further included are examples wherein the shield is removably attached to the segmented buoyant rim segments, and wherein the ribs are removably attached to the segmented buoyant rim segments, and wherein the ribs and material form an enclosure around the top of the rim segments, including at least one access point, configured to be opened and closed.
Certain example embodiments include systems wherein the vents include a filter wherein the filter is at least one of a skimmer, mesh, micron, peat moss, straw, saw dust, feathers, carbon, clay, perlite, glass wool, vercumlite, plastic pad, plastic brush, plastic foam, polyurethane brush, polyurethane foam, polyurethane pad, polyethane brush, polyethane foam, polyethane pad, and polypropylene brush, polypropylene foam, and polypropylene pad.
Some example embodiments include a containment system comprising, a segmented buoyant rim, configured to allow attachment of at least one ballast weight, a submersible wall connected to the segmented rim, wherein the submersible wall is configured to hang below the buoyant rim, and a submersible floor connected to the wall. Further examples include systems wherein the buoyant rim is at least one of, both inflatable and deflatable, and inherently buoyant. Some example embodiments include systems wherein at least one buoyant rim segment is tethered to a buoyant float, wherein the buoyant float is configured to guide raising and lowering of the at least one buoyant rim segment. And wherein the wall and floor are made of water impermeable material. Certain example embodiments include systems wherein at least one buoyant rim segment is configured to attach a ballast weight pulley, the ballast weight pulley configured to allow a tethered weight to be raised and lowered, wherein the ballast weight is configured to weigh down and sink the at least one buoyant rim segment.
Certain example systems embodiments include wherein the buoyant rim and submersible floor and wall form a an inside and outside of the system, and wherein the floor includes at least one vent, configured to open and close, wherein the open vent is configured to allow liquid to flow between the inside and outside of the system, and the closed vent is configured to stop liquid from flowing between the inside and outside of the system.
Some example embodiments include systems wherein the vent includes a filter, also, systems wherein the wall includes at least two layers, the two layers separated by a void configured to allow liquid to pass. Certain example embodiments include systems wherein the wall is configured to connect to a pump, and the pump is configured to pump liquid out of the void. Certain example embodiments include systems further comprising at least one extraction tube, anchored to the floor, wherein the extraction tube includes at least one vent configured to allow liquid to be pumped out of the system. Also, wherein the vent includes a filter and some wherein the buoyant rim includes a filter.
Some example embodiments include a containment system comprising, a buoyant rim surrounding a void, and a tarp configured to drape over the buoyant rim and the void surrounded by the rim, wherein the tarp is configured to, attach to the buoyant rim, and contain particulate matter. Also, embodiments may include systems wherein the buoyant rim is inflatable. And, embodiments where the tarp is made of at least one of, a plastic sheet, woven synthetic mesh, and woven organic mesh. Example embodiments may also include systems wherein the tarp includes at least one vent, and/or wherein the at least one vent includes a filter, wherein the filter is at least one of a skimmer, mesh, micron, peat moss, straw, saw dust, feathers, carbon, clay, perlite, glass wool, vercumlite, plastic pad, plastic brush, plastic foam, polyurethane brush, polyurethane foam, polyurethane pad, polyethane brush, polyethane foam, polyethane pad, and polypropylene brush, polypropylene foam, and polypropylene pad. Example embodiments may also include systems wherein the buoyant rim includes at least one of a hollow plastic tube, a foam tube, a pipe, a wooden log, and a rubber tube.
Certain example embodiments include a buoyant filtration system comprising, a tubular buoyant rim attached to a submersible bag, the tubular buoyant rim having an outer surface, wherein the buoyant rim outer surface includes, a filter and at least one of a grommet, eye, hook, latch, and tie. Also, embodiments may include wherein the tubular buoyant rim is at least one of, solid core buoyant plastic, inflatable hollow plastic, inflatable hollow rubber, and solid core closed cell foam. Further, embodiments may include systems wherein the filter is at least one of a skimmer, mesh, micron, peat moss, straw, saw dust, feathers, carbon, clay, perlite, glass wool, vercumlite, plastic, polyurethane, polyethane, and polypropylene. Systems may also include wherein the submersible bag is at least one of, a rigid impermeable plastic, a flexible impermeable plastic bag, and a flexible impermeable rubber bag.
Example embodiments may also include systems wherein the tubular buoyant rim includes a spout and the filter is included in the spout, and wherein the attached submersible bag is configured to detach from the tubular buoyant rim.
Certain example embodiments include a buoyant filtration system comprising, a buoyant rim encircling a void and attached to a submersible bag, the buoyant rim having an outer surface, wherein the buoyant rim outer surface includes, a filter, and at least one of, a grommet, eye, hook, latch, and tie, and a pump configured to pump material out of the void. Further, embodiments may include systems wherein the buoyant rim is at least one of, solid core buoyant plastic, inflatable hollow plastic, inflatable hollow rubber, and solid core closed cell foam. Also, embodiments may include systems wherein the filter is at least one of a skimmer, mesh, micron, peat moss, straw, saw dust, feathers, carbon, clay, perlite, glass wool, vercumlite, plastic, polyurethane, polyethane, and polypropylene. And wherein the submersible bag is at least one of, a rigid impermeable plastic, a flexible impermeable plastic bag, and a flexible impermeable rubber bag. Some embodiments include systems wherein the pump includes an inlet tube and is configured to, attach to the buoyant rim, also, wherein the attached submersible bag is configured to detach from the tubular buoyant rim.
Some example embodiments include a method of containing pollutants comprising, surrounding a void with a segmented inflatable buoyant rim, wherein the rim segments each include at least one of an inflation/deflation valve and ballast weight, and attaching a bag to the rim segments, wherein the bag is configured to hang below the buoyant rim void.
Example embodiments may also include methods wherein the rim segments include a shield configured to project upwards, opposite of the hanging bag. Also methods wherein the bag wall and segmented inflatable buoyant rim both includes at least one of a grommet, eye, hook, latch, and tie. Some example embodiments include wherein the bag, having an inside toward the void and an outside, includes at least one vent, configured to allow material to move between the inside and the outside of the bag. And example methods wherein the segmented inflatable buoyant rim includes at least one tethered buoy, configured to guide raising and lowering of at least one segment of the segmented inflatable buoyant rim.
Example methods may also further comprise, attaching at least two ribs to the rim, the ribs extending from opposite sides of the segmented inflatable buoyant rim and arching over the system, wherein the at least two ribs include material between them, forming an enclosure over the segmented inflatable buoyant rim and the inflatable buoyant rim void. Also, methods further comprising, attaching at least one ballast weight pulley to at least one buoyant rim segment. Example methods may also include wherein the shield is configured to be at least one of, inflatable, a brush, a set of flexible fingers and a rigid wall, and methods wherein the bag is composed of at least one of, flexible woven synthetic fibers, rigid woven synthetic fibers, flexible plastic, rigid plastic, flexible rubber, and rigid rubber.
Some example embodiments may include methods wherein the at least two ribs are configured to be inflatable and deflatable. And methods wherein the material between the ribs includes at least one vent. Some embodiments may include methods wherein the bag is made of a material that is impermeable to water. And methods wherein the tether is at least one of an elastic, a rope, and a chain. Certain example embodiment methods may further comprise, coupling via at least one hinge, two segments of the segmented inflatable buoyant rim. Some example methods further comprise, remotely operating the segmented inflatable buoyant rim inflation/deflation valves. Also methods wherein bag has an inside and an outside, the inside including at least one extraction tube anchored to it, the extraction tube configured to allow liquid from the inside of the bag to be pumped out of the bag. Certain example embodiment methods include wherein the extraction tubes include at least one filtered vent to allow the liquid to pass but not solid material. And methods wherein the bag has an inside wall and an outside wall, including a void in between the inside and outside wall, wherein the inside wall of the bag includes at least one extraction vent, configured to allow liquid inside the bag to flow into the void. As well as methods further comprising, remotely opening and closing the extraction vents.
Some example methods further comprise, removably connecting a pump to the rim and extraction tubes. And methods further comprising, removably connecting a pump to the rim and double walled bag. Further, methods wherein the extraction tubes are made of flexible material. Some example embodiments include wherein the extraction vents include at least one filter. Also, methods further comprising, removably attaching the shield to the segmented buoyant rim segments. And further comprising, removably attaching the ribs to the segmented buoyant rim segments. As well as methods further comprising, enclosing an area above the rim segments, via the ribs and material, and opening and closing at least one access point in the material. Further, examples may include wherein the vent includes a filter and wherein the wherein the filter is at least one of a skimmer, mesh, micron, peat moss, straw, saw dust, feathers, carbon, clay, perlite, glass wool, vercumlite, plastic pad, plastic brush, plastic foam, polyurethane brush, polyurethane foam, polyurethane pad, polyethane brush, polyethane foam, polyethane pad, and polypropylene brush, polypropylene foam, and polypropylene pad. Also embodiment methods wherein the wherein the filter is at least one of a skimmer, mesh, micron, peat moss, straw, saw dust, feathers, carbon, clay, perlite, glass wool, vercumlite, plastic pad, plastic brush, plastic foam, polyurethane brush, polyurethane foam, polyurethane pad, polyethane brush, polyethane foam, polyethane pad, and polypropylene brush, polypropylene foam, and polypropylene pad.
Some example embodiments include a containment method comprising, attaching at least one ballast weight to a segmented buoyant rim, connecting a submersible wall to the segmented rim, wherein the submersible wall is configured to hang below the buoyant rim, and a submersible floor connected to the wall. Some example methods include wherein the buoyant rim is at least one of, both inflatable and deflatable, and inherently buoyant. Certain example embodiment methods further comprising, tethering at least one buoyant float to the at least one buoyant rim segment, raising and lowering the at least one buoyant rim segment, guiding the raising and lowering of the at least one rim segment with the buoyant float. Example methods may also include wherein the wall and floor are made of water impermeable material.
Example method embodiments may further comprise, attaching a ballast weight pulley to the at least one buoyant rim segment, tethering a weight to the ballast weight pulley, and raising and lowering the at least one buoyant rim segment via the ballast weight pulley. Also, examples may include methods further comprising, forming an enclosure with an inside and an outside via the buoyant rim and submersible floor and wall, wherein the floor includes at least one vent, configured to open and close, opening the at least one vent to allow liquid to flow between the inside and outside of the system, and closing the vent to stop liquid from flowing between the inside and outside of the system.
Certain example embodiments may include methods wherein the vent includes a filter. Also, methods wherein the wall includes at least two layers, the two layers separated by a void configured to allow liquid to pass. Some example embodiments include methods further comprising, pumping liquid out of the void via a pump connected to the rim. Some methods may further comprise, pumping material out of the system via at least one extraction tube anchored to the floor, wherein the extraction tube includes at least one vent. Some example embodiments include methods wherein the vent includes a filter and wherein the buoyant rim includes a filter.
Some example embodiments may include a method of containing a pollutant target comprising, surrounding a void via a buoyant rim and draping a tarp over the buoyant rim and the void surrounded by the rim, attaching the tarp to the buoyant rim, and containing particulate matter within the draped tarp. Example methods may include wherein the buoyant rim is inflatable and wherein the tarp is made of at least one of, a plastic sheet, woven synthetic mesh, and woven organic mesh. Certain examples may include wherein the tarp includes at least one vent and wherein the at least one vent includes a filter and wherein the wherein the filter is at least one of a skimmer, mesh, micron, peat moss, straw, saw dust, feathers, carbon, clay, perlite, glass wool, vercumlite, plastic pad, plastic brush, plastic foam, polyurethane brush, polyurethane foam, polyurethane pad, polyethane brush, polyethane foam, polyethane pad, and polypropylene brush, polypropylene foam, and polypropylene pad.
Examples may include methods wherein the buoyant rim includes at least one of a hollow plastic tube, a foam tube, a pipe, a wooden log, and a rubber tube. Examples may include methods of buoyant filtration comprising, attaching a tubular buoyant rim to a submersible bag, the tubular buoyant rim having an outer surface, wherein the buoyant rim outer surface includes, a filter, and at least one of a grommet, eye, hook, latch, and tie. Some examples may include methods wherein the tubular buoyant rim is at least one of, solid core buoyant plastic, inflatable hollow plastic, inflatable hollow rubber, and solid core closed cell foam. Certain example embodiments may include methods wherein the filter is at least one of a skimmer, mesh, micron, peat moss, straw, saw dust, feathers, carbon, clay, perlite, glass wool, vercumlite, plastic, polyurethane, polyethane, and polypropylene. Also, examples wherein the submersible bag is at least one of, a rigid impermeable plastic, a flexible impermeable plastic bag, and a flexible impermeable rubber bag. Certain methods examples may also include wherein the submersible bag is water permeable but oil impermeable. Also, methods may further comprise, detaching and attaching the attached submersible bag from the tubular buoyant rim.
Some example embodiments may include a method of buoyant filtration comprising, encircling a void via a buoyant rim, attaching the buoyant rim to a submersible bag, the buoyant rim having an outer surface, wherein the buoyant rim outer surface includes, a filter, and at least one of, a grommet, eye, hook, latch, and tie, and pumping material out of the void via a pump.
Example methods may include wherein the buoyant rim is at least one of, solid core buoyant plastic, inflatable hollow plastic, inflatable hollow rubber, and solid core closed cell foam. Examples could include methods wherein the filter is at least one of a skimmer, mesh, micron, peat moss, straw, saw dust, feathers, carbon, clay, perlite, glass wool, vercumlite, plastic, polyurethane, polyethane, and polypropylene. Also, methods wherein the submersible bag is at least one of, a rigid impermeable plastic, a flexible impermeable plastic bag, and a flexible impermeable rubber bag. And methods wherein the pumping is via an inlet tube attached to the buoyant rim. Further, examples may include methods further comprising attaching and detaching the submersible bag from the tubular buoyant rim.
For a better understanding of the technology described in this document as well as any embodiments thereof, reference should be made to the description below, in conjunction with the following figures in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a sufficient understanding of the subject matter presented herein. But it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. Moreover, the particular embodiments described herein are provided by way of example and should not be used to limit the scope of the invention to these particular embodiments. In other instances, well-known data structures, timing protocols, software operations, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments of the invention.
Overview
Ships and vessels in a harbor are unfortunately not environmentally friendly. Many times, pollution such as fuel, oil, hydraulic fluid, and any number of potentially harmful items may be discarded from a vessel. Additionally, such vessels require maintenance that can produce pollution as well. Cleaners, paint, heavy metals, and loose parts can all contribute to polluting a harbor. Such pollution could leak in any three-dimensional direction, radiating from the source point, including down, floating on top, and carried away by wind or currents. Such repairs can also require a diver working in often harmful and dangerous conditions. Some aims of the certain embodiments of the systems and methods disclosed here, include containment of water around a target polluter, such as a floating vessel. This containment can include surface as well as subsurface disbursement of pollutants. After confinement, such pollutants can be filtered out and the water may be cleaned. In some instances, the cleaned water may be returned straight to the harbor water itself, or removed completely. The containment systems disclosed here may also be portable and can be moved and placed around offending vessels in and around a harbor, or moved to any other location where it is needed.
The containment systems and methods disclosed here can contain such leaks with a submersible containment system that uses a buoyant air-chambered floating rim coupled with a submerged containment walls and floor in certain embodiments. Such a system could be maneuvered into place using different methods, such as from directly below by completely deflating the rim, or from the side, by deflating portions of the rim and dropping those portions and sliding into place. Once contained, the system could be used to contain and segregate the target and then filter the contained contaminated water to prevent its spread. The system could be made in any number of shapes, sizes or dimensions in order to accommodate various sized and shaped targets of pollution sources near or above the water's surface.
Further, introducing water into the containment system can create space within the containment system for vessel cleaning, maintenance and/or repair work. In such an arrangement, divers would be able to work on contained vessels within the segregated water in the system, resulting in containment of any pollutants generated from work on vessel, both above and below the waterline surface.
Additionally, certain embodiments allow for monitoring of the output of the target inside the containment system. For example, any kind of monitor inside the system could keep a running tally of oil output. Further, monitors could be placed in the filtration systems or pumping systems or hoses in order to track or count particulates, pollution, chemicals, etc.
And certain embodiments herein may be used as buoyant filtration systems, where the target to be contained is any kind of pollutant source. Such sources could be filtered without surrounding a physical object such as a boat, but as a way to trap unwanted materials, and allowing other matter, such as water, to pass through.
It should be noted that the containment system could be used for any number of targets, such as ships, boats, watercraft of all sorts, as well as other kinds of pollution or discharge sources on land, affixed to land or the bed of the water body. In this disclosure, the use of the term “vessel” or target are not meant to be limiting and those of skill in the art would understand that they are meant to include all manner of things which the system could contain and segregate, no matter the shape size or makeup.
Additionally, the disclosure includes discussions of “water” as the fluid in which the target floats and receives the contamination. It is to be understood that any kind of fluid is contemplated, although open bodies of water are used as the example herein.
Further, use of the word pollutants could include any kind of matter, whether considered a pollutant or not. It is to be understood that in this description, a “pollutant” could be anything that is to be kept from the larger fluid body, and contained within the system.
Containment System
The containment systems disclosed here can be made up of two main components, according to certain embodiments: a buoyant rim component, and a submerged walls and floor material. The materials that make up these components could be any kind of material that segregates the undesired material from the outside of the containment system. For example, the containment system may be constructed of material that is impermeable to the intended target pollutant. This could be any number of materials as described below.
The shape of the containment system could be any shape, used to surround the target pollution source. This includes the buoyant rim sections that could be composed of one or more sections of air chambers which surround the vessel or pollution source intended to be contained. The buoyant rim sections could likewise be any number of shapes and sizes, depending on the shape of the target. The examples depicted in the figures typically show a rectangular shape, as viewed from the top of bottom, including rounded corners.
In certain examples of the disclosed inventions, the containment system uses an inflatable rim made buoyant by pumping air into the rim chambers through inflation valves. Air within these chambers creates buoyancy used to support the system. Thus, when inflated, the buoyancy of the air contained within the rim suspends the containment system walls and floor material beneath. Each air chamber can have one or more inflation valves for inflation of the rim and one or more air-release valves or purge valves for deflation of the rim. The valves could be manually operated or automatically operated through electronic, pneumatic or hydraulically actuated operation. This automatic operation could be through wired or wireless systems.
Looking now at the containment system's air-chambered rim 140, the example in
Here, in this example, the air chambers 144 which make up the rim 140 are inflated through inflation valves 146 and deflated through purge or release valves 148. The example inflation 146 and deflation valves 148 are depicted at the ends of the respective rim sections 144. These valves could be placed on any number of sections of the rim in order to control the inflation and deflation of the sections. Further, the section could contain one or any number of these valves. Some example embodiments may use rim sections 144 with no valves at all, in instances where that section of the containment system is not designed to ever be submerged. In such instances, the rim section 144 could include foam or some other material that is not inflatable and deflateable.
The buoyant rim 140 could be made of any number of materials, such as a plastic or rubber material that is able to hold air inside and stay buoyant. This includes the buoyant rim 140 which may or may not have inherent buoyant tendencies of its own, separate and apart from the inflation capabilities. This depends on the material the rim may be made of. Such rim material could also be a closed cell or open celled foam material that does not need inflating, depending on the portion of the rim. The ability to deflate and inflate portions or all of the rim 140 is useful in the deployment of the system as disclosed below, but other alternative embodiments could include permanently buoyant materials as well, either alone or in combination.
For example, a rubber material may be included in the inflatable rim, which may be inherently buoyant even when not inflated. But such material may be bulky and in certain example embodiments, collapsibility may be important, so a material which is not inherently buoyant in and of itself but able to be inflated, may comprise the rim. In such case, the rim and the walls and floor of the system could be made of the same material. This material may be different thicknesses, or the same thickness, it may include different laminates or coatings, or the same.
The rim 140 segments 144 could include any number of partitions. In order to deploy the system, as described below, the rim 140 could be made of separate portions 144 or contain interior walls for segregation of chambers with the rim or within portions of the rim. In this way, as described below, different portions of the rim 140 could be deflated and inflated in order to sink or raise that portion of the system. If the rim is made of large portions, then the large sections are sunk or floated. If the rim is divided into more portions, the system could sink or float smaller portions of the rim.
In example arrangements where the rim 140 portions 144 are inflatable, such inflation could be with any number of gasses or fluids. One such example could use ambient air, which has a density less than the fluid that the target is floating in, pumped through an air pump, through an inflation valve 146 on the rim 140. Deflation could be through a release valve 148, also on the rim. Alternatively, the inflation and deflation/release valve could be the same valve, arranged to allow both inflation and deflation.
Another example could include inflation of the rim with another gas or fluid with a density less than the fluid which the target is floating in, and that gas or fluid is pumped back and forth inside of the chambers of the rim 140. In this way, in this example, no fluid or gas is ever completely expelled from the system, but rather routed to other portions of the rim 140 in order to complete the inflation and deflation, thereby floating and sinking those respective portions. Further, such an example could use outrigger bags or collapsible components that could expand and fill with gas or fluid as it is pumped out of one chamber and into another chamber.
The buoyant rim 140 can also act to hold the shape and form of the system both on the surface of the fluid and submerged in the fluid. Increasing the amount of water within the containment system could expand the rim of containment system to its size and shape and push the containment system walls and floor down and outward, by increasing the volume of fluid in the system, and thereby pressure on the walls and floor. On the surface, the buoyant rim can hold its shape around the floating target. In
Additionally, certain embodiments could include variants where the rim includes structures that support an overarching cover for the system (not pictured). For example, rigid ribs could arch over the system, from side to side, to cover and protect the interior of the system, and be of any height to accommodate a target within the system as well as people and/or equipment to work in, on, or around the target. One or both ends of the cover could be enclosed, making a garage type structure for the target. Other embodiments contemplate an inflatable cover that could draw its rigidity from inflatable ribs or the entire cover could be inflatable. The cover could also include an accordion-like foldable structure that could be stretched to cover the target, and removably fixed to the rim in a number of ways.
The embodiments that contemplate rigid ribs could be secured to opposing sides of the system at the rim, and could support a number of materials to be used to block sun, precipitation, or shield the system from winds. Such a cover could allow for people to maintain or work on the target vessel under better environmental conditions.
The cover could be completely enclosed instead of being open at one end or another. Such an example embodiment could create a completely enclosed top, over the buoyant rim structure, to entrap any material inside of the enclosed cover. Such a system could serve as a hazardous material containment system for example, as a paint booth or a sanding station, allowing for work inside of the cover, and particulate matter to be enclosed from below the target in the water as well as above the target in the air. Any number of vents could be included in the top cover as well, which could be used to keep contaminants contained. These may be used to keep particulate matter inside of the enclosed cover as well as to pump fresh uncontaminated air into the enclosed system.
The rim 140 could also include a ballast in order to aid in sinking portions of the containment system during deployment. Such a ballast could be offset by the inflation of the rim, so that when inflated, the rim floated, but when deflated, that portion of the rim would sink. The ballast could be modified or tailored to the fluid in which it was to be deployed, including salinity and fluid density considerations.
Working together, the inflated rim 140, containment system walls 160 and floor 170 separate contained water 110 from the surrounding outside water 120 on both the surface, and subsurface. Alternatively, (not pictured) the containment system walls 160 and floor 170 could be integrated into one unit, without discernible and separate floors and walls, but rather a hemispherical shape, or other inverted dome-like shape or any other kind of integrated shape. Any type of rounded shape could be used in such a system, to accommodate the target inside the system, or to accommodate the surrounding environments.
The containment system material spanning beneath the rim 140, making up the walls 160 and floors 170, could be used to surround the vessel or pollution source beneath the surface of the fluid and is suspended by the rim's 140 buoyancy. The material for this underlying span including the walls 160, and floor 170, if applicable, could be made of any number of materials, depending on the deployment of the system. If the system is to be deployed to segregate some kind of pollutant from the outside material, then the material used in the walls 160 and floor 170 of the system should be able to withstand, to some degree, the movement of such material. That is, for example, if the containment system is being deployed to contain oil leaking from a vessel, then the material used in the system should be able to keep the oil from soaking through the material and ending up outside of the system. If the system is being deployed to contain large particulate material, such as paint chips being cleaned from the vessel, then the material should be such that it does not allow such paint chips from floating or falling through to the outside environment. Thus, the material could be any number of materials, depending on the deployment of the system.
Some examples of material that the system walls and floor could be made of include, laminated woven fabrics made of high tensile materials, KEVLAR, polymers, plastics, carbon, cotton or other material. In certain embodiments, the materials could be coated in order to reduce rot, to withstand different salinities, to resist algae and barnacle growth, to hold its shape in a current, or flow with the fluid to avoid tearing and ripping. In certain embodiments, the material could be laminated material, with different laminates made of different materials. In certain embodiments, the material could contain multiple layers to protect against different things, or to allow some materials to pass through, and others to remain contained. For example, the material may be water permeable, but still retain oil. In certain embodiments, the material could be woven and impregnated with plastics or resins in order to protect against certain things or allow for the movement of certain size of materials, but not others. In certain embodiments, the material could be stiff and resist deflection caused by outside forces. In other embodiments, the material could be soft and flexible.
The walls and/or floor of the system could include any number of vents (not pictured). In this way, the vents could open to the outside environment and allow the entire system to be picked up, the water to drain out of the bottom or sides, and not have to tip the entire system in order to let the water escape. Certain example vents could be used when picking up the system, out of the water, or when moving the system from place to place. For example, a boat crane could be used to secure under the system and lift it out of the water for maintenance, cleaning, moving, or any number of things. Such vents would allow for easier removal of water, when the boat crane secures the system from underneath, and picks it up, allowing for drainage of the system, and removal of the water or fluid weight.
Looking now at the containment system further, any number of anchor points 150 could be found through the containment system. These anchor points 150 could be located on the rim, on the walls, on the floor, or any and all combinations of these. The anchor points 150 could be any kind of eye, loop, cleat, tie down, hook, latch, or any other kind of apparatus. These anchor points could be used to attach ballast or weight to certain portions of the containment system. This ballast could help the system sink portions of the rim, as disclosed later, could be used to tether sections to outside elements such as a dock, a buoy, another system or any other kind of device. Such anchor points 140 could also be in the form of a handle or step. Such a formation could help divers navigate the system. Such anchor points 140 could also be located inside or outside of the system (not pictured).
Further, the shield itself could be inflatable. This would allow for the inflation of the shield when needed, and removal when not needed. This inflatable shield could be connected to or part of the buoyant rim 240. In this way, the shield could be put up or taken down without having to manually install anything, or add any parts. It could just be inflated when needed and deflated when not needed. The inflatable splash guards or shield could be any number of shapes including, but not limited to a narrow wall or a round portion, resembling the buoyant rim itself.
Also shown in the example of
The portion or portions of the rim which include the segments between rim segments, such as portion 242 could be made of and include any number of things. Some examples include a rigid brace that holds the rim portions together. Other examples include a hinge or hinges that allow for movement between rim portions.
Air can be released form the rim 240 air chambers through deflation valves 248. These deflation valves can be operated manually or automatically. They could be servo electric motors or pneumatically operated. The valves could be operated in any way, in order to open and shut and deflate when requested.
Also shown in
Such non-inflatable embodiments would therefore not need an inflation/deflation valve(s). Further, embodiments may mix and match segments of rim with inflatable portions and non-inflatable portions, depending on the application.
As an example of a non-inflatable embodiment, a rim or rim segment could be made of closed cell foam. Such a rim or rim segment may need to be sunk via an attachable weight, or a sliding weight, that would counteract the inherent buoyancy of the rim or rim segment. Such an example weight 252 is shown in
Other example embodiments may include weights that could include pulley 254 weight 256 assemblies. Such example embodiments could include a pulley 254 or simply a ring or eyelet that a weight tether is tied to. When the weight 256 is fully extended on the tether, it may rest on the bottom or a sunken platform, etc. and not exert force on the rim or system. But when the tether is shortened, or pulled, as shown by the arrows 258 in
Other examples of non-inflatable rim or rim segments could include any kind of metal pipe, open celled foam, solid plastic, hollow plastic without inflation/deflation valves, or even logs of wood. Metal could include steel, iron, copper, brass, aluminum, or any other kind of metal.
Target Containment
The system may be used to surround a target in numerous ways. In
As shown for example in
Once the rim is down, 342, the target to be contained, here a vessel 330, is able to move into the containment system from water outside 320. Any combination of movements between the system and the target to be contained is possible, depending on the constraints of any connected pumps, environment, anchors, lines, etc. (not shown). Once a vessel 330 or target has entered the containment system, re-inflating the lowered rim segments 342 raises that submerged portion back to the surface and acts to contain the vessel and the water it is floating in, both at the surface, and beneath. This may be done using any number of techniques but this example shows the rim inflated via inflation valves. After the rim 340 is completely back to the surface, this would complete the segregation process, keeping the outside water 320, outside of the containment system 300 and the contained water (not shown) inside of the system.
By then raising the rim 440 to the surface, as shown by arrows 412, the water inside of the containment system can then be segregated from the outside water 420. This can be accomplished, in this example, by inflating the rim 440 via inflation valves 446 from some kind of pump (not shown). This segregation can keep any leaks, spills, or materials coming from the vessel 430 as the source, from mixing with the surrounding water 420.
And once submerged, as shown in the example of
Again, a series of one or more buoys could be used to control the depth of the submerged system when deflated, movement of it into place and guide the ascent of the system upon inflation, around the target. These buoys could be placed in any number of portions of the rim to control the movement of the system, and could include any number of tethers, including but not limited to rope, line, elastic, pulley, etc.
Then, in certain embodiments, the inflatable rim 540 can be inflated via pumps (not pictured) through inflation valves 546 on the rim sections 544. This inflation then creates buoyancy in the rim 540 which floats up and surrounds the vessel 530. This action is shown by arrows 512. Once the rim is inflated and surfaced, the water outside of the containment system 520 is segregated from the water inside. Thus, any pollutants or runoff from the vessel 530, in this example, is kept from mixing with the outside water, 520.
Certain embodiments of the system can include anchor points 650 which may be located anywhere on the containment system walls or floor 660 or rim 640. These anchor points can be used to position both the target vessel 630 and the containment system itself, both the rim 640 and the walls and floor 660. Ballast may also be attached to anchor points 650 to hold it in place, move it, stabilize it, submerge portions or all of it, etc.
Other example embodiments of containing the target include a method of surrounding the target with the buoyant rim and underlying floor, and then pumping the water out of the system in order to collapse the walls and floor on the body of the target. In such a way, the water pressure from outside of the system will push the walls and floor up to surround and conform to the shape of the target. By doing so, the target could more easily be moved longer distances, more quickly, while containing the target, including any fluids, flotsam and jetsam that may otherwise be lost when attempting to move a target. In such a way, a wrecked boat or airplane for example could be sealed from below, and transported by dragging by a tug or other vessel, to another location, while keeping all parts of the target contained.
Containing the Pollutants and Filtering
Once the target is contained within the containment system, the segregation aspect is complete. That is, the water from outside of the system and the inside of the system are separated, both at the surface, and also below the surface. In this condition, certain embodiments allow for divers to conduct maintenance work on the target, to conduct repair work or build work on the target, or simply to contain an active pollution source. Automatic scrubbers could be used as well as robots or remote cleaning devices, etc. Actively polluting targets could be contained as well as potential polluters. Certain embodiments can then allow for the water within the containment system to be extracted and cleaned. This can be done by any number of pumping and filtration systems either integrated within the system, or separate and apart from the system, depending on the arrangement. The containment system could be coupled with any number of commercially available filtration systems, above and beyond what is disclosed here. And once removed, the contaminated material may be treated and the pollutants separated.
Further,
The example removal system in
Filtration systems completely unattached may also be used with the containment system design. Filtered water may be either returned into the containment system, creating a closed circuit filtration system or water may also be discharged outside of the containment system after filtration. When filtered water from the containment system is released back into the surrounding water or elsewhere, an equal flow of water into the containment system is necessary in order to maintain a desired volume of water within the containment system.
In the example pictured in
Further, in
In
Once filtered, the water could be returned to the containment system, or pumped overboard to the external water body, or any other kind of storage. Further, in certain embodiments, the water is not filtered, but merely pumped out of the system.
In this example, shown in
Further, as shown in
Thus, in
In
To maintain the water volume within the walls of the system, as shown in
For example, in
Anchor points 1050 may be found throughout the containment system for use in positioning both vessel 1030 and the containment system. These anchor points could be any number of eyes, loops, cleats, or any other kind of tie down or system to attach or affix a line, a rope, a weight, or anything else. Ballast weights on the anchor points can help submerge portions or all of the containment system when so desired.
In this example, a filtration sleeve 1052 is integrated with the containment system walls and floor. The sleeve 1052 runs from the floor of the system, over to the rim 1040 and then up, on top of the rim 1040. Intake screens 1054 and intake hoses 1056 in this example, are positioned to bring water that is contained in the system, up and out of the system to filters 1060 via any kind of various pump or pumps 1062. In this way, the water which surrounds the vessel, 1030, which may contain pollutants and material which is desired to be kept from the outside water, 1020, segregated and then treated.
The arrangement of the sleeve, 1052, the intake hoses 1056 could be placed anywhere in the containment system. In
Additionally, the filters 1060 could be any kind of filter used to remove any kind of undesirable pollutant or material from the water surrounding the target or vessel 1030. For example, a filter could be used to remove heavy metals, or oil, or particulate matter of any kind. Then, in this example, the water runs through the pumps 1062, and may be directed back into the containment system via any kind of filtered water return 1068 or filtered water may be deposited outside of the containment system, back to mix with outside water 1020, using a filtered water out line 1066, for example.
When water is removed, such as the example in
In the example of
Then, upon inflation, that section of the rim could float up, slacking the tether while the line may guide the rim section up toward the buoys.
The buoy in
Certain embodiments here also include buoyant filtration systems that may be placed in a marine environment to capture material from spreading. For example, such buoyant filtration systems may trap material such as a pollutant emanating from a specific source, while allowing other material to pass through, such as water. It should be noted that in this disclosure, the inventive aspects are not limited to containing pollutants in a body of water and the use of that example is not meant to be limiting but merely illustrative. Additionally, the use of the term pollutant is meant to mean the material the filters are supposed to capture, separate from the material that is meant to be cleaned, such as oil pollutant from cleaned water, as an example.
One example embodiment of a buoyant filtration system is shown in
The buoyant rim could be made of any number of materials that float in the material in which it is to be used. For example, if the system is to be used in a harbor setting, in water, the buoyant rim would need to float on the water. The rim could be made of any number of materials including but not limited to, plastic that itself is inherently buoyant, inflatable plastic, solid core closed cell foam, or a combination of any of these.
Additionally, the system example in
These rim filters could include any number of fibrous, mesh, plastic, magnetic, metal, or other kind of filter, that could be used to trap any number of liquid or particulate matter. The shape of the rim filters could be a flat lying filter or an upright filter with fins, brush, tubes or any kind of upright wall of filtering material. The filters 1216 could be embedded into the buoyant rim 1212 or could be detachably fixed, allowing for replacement, cleaning or interchanging of filters. The detachment could be in portions, or as a whole, around the entire rim. The detachable filters could be adhered to the rim 1212 with any manner of detachable systems including but not limited to magnetic, button, snap, hook and loop, threaded screw, slide-able, or any other detachable configuration.
The body of the filtration system 1214 could take any shape and include any number of rigid or flexible shapes. The example shown is just one such example. The body 1214 could be a bag of flexible material made from plastic sheets or meshed or woven fabrics. The body 1214 could be a rigid material made from metals, plastics, wood, carbon fiber, etc. The body of the system could be impermeable as to the target contained pollutant, but could, in certain example embodiments, allow for water or the environmental material to permeate and enter the environment.
Thus, the example of
It should be noted that the buoyant rim 1312 could have any kind of wall, flange, brush or fingers that stand up from the rim edge 1312 and help contain splashed pollutant in or waves out of the system. Although not pictured in
Yet another example embodiment includes the use of pumps and filters as shown in
In
The filter 1450 could be one or more than one filter in one housing as shown or in numerous housings. Such filters could again be any number of filters used to remove unwanted materials from the water or material to be returned to the environment. Such filters could be fiber, mesh, wire, magnetic or any manner of filter used to filter unwanted material. Further, the pump 1452 could be any kind of pump, placed anywhere on the system hose or pipe 1454. Such a pump could use an impeller, a piston, be a centrifugal pump, a booster pump, or any other kind of pump suited for the job.
In certain embodiments, the suspended filter could be used with or replaced by or used in conjunction with a filtration system around the rim of the buoyant rim system. Thus, the suspended filters could be backed up by a filter system in case of overflow of the buoyant rim edge. Or, the buoyant rim could include an impermeable or semi-permeable suspended portion, forcing the target pollutant material to overflow intentionally, and over and/or through the rim's filtration system.
The examples in
Example filters may include, but are not limited to, Mesh, Micron, Carbon, Dispersants, Distill, Evaporative, Reverse Osmosis, Ceramic Filters, Mechanical Filtration, Granulated and Activated Charcoal, water/fuel separator, Chemical Dispersers, or any number of other kind of devices used to separate materials from one another.
Thus, the size and/or shape of the buoyant filtration system could be a range from a foot or few feet in diameter, for small pollutant sources, to many feet in diameter, which could be used to capture and filter much larger runoff, or runoff without a concentrated source. For example, a spattering, or splashing pollutant source, may require deployment of a larger filtration system than a small hose with a two inch diameter stream of pollutants. Thus, differently sized systems could be used for different sized requirements. Additionally, the figures show a circularly shaped buoyant rim, but the system could include any shaped rim and system. The rim could be a long oval, a square, a rectangle, or any shape used to fit the needs of the capture and filter. Thus, for example, an overflowing ledge may require a long trough of a system shaped like a rectangle. Or, for example, physical constraints of the placement of the system may require a particular shape to fit in between a dock and a boat, or a buoy. Any number of shaped buoyant rims could be used in similar fashion to the examples shown in the figures.
As the systems described above, the buoyant filtration system could be positioned and held in place using any number of ways including but not limited to hooks, eyes, latches, cleats, and/or tie downs. The system could be anchored to the bottom, or tethered to a nearby buoy or dock. The buoyant filtration system could be deployed by placing it under the pollutant source and securing its position by line, rope, bungee, anchor line, or any number of ways.
The filtration system suspended from the buoyant rim, connected to any of the vents or generally used on the rims or bag/wall/bodies could include the use of any number of filters, used to filter out different pollutants. Example pollutants to be removed from the system may include any number of contaminants such as metals, paint, petroleum and/or oil products such as diesel fuel, gasoline, propane, and battery acid. Others may be contaminated sea life, as in barnacles, allege, sea-weed, sea plants and animals potentially latent with heavy metals and other chemicals may be collected through the use of moving contained water through different sized mesh and also collected in the bottom of the containment system where they could be kept from escaping and can be collected any number of ways such as bagged by divers, pumped through mesh or scooped out by a back hoe etc.
For example, a suspended bag may have a meshed material for filtering out oil from water. As another example, a suspended rigid shape may contain a mesh that catches particulate paint chips, but allows water to pass. In these examples, the oil filter may be more dense than a looser meshed paint chip filter. General purpose filters could be used for rapid deployment, or special purpose filters may be used for specific pollutants.
Other example embodiments include filtering hazardous waste storage, sewage in connections or water treatment plants/centers/stations etc. Certain embodiments could also be used with boat waste pump out stations, such as those for sewerage systems. Others include contaminated water and or pollution can be collected through the use of a sump, drawn, pumped, absorbed, removed, distilled, evaporated, relocated etc.
Sorbents may be used to collect petroleum products such as oil or gasoline or diesel, etc. Natural organic sorbents could be used such as peat moss, straw, saw dust, feathers—readily available carbon products. Examples of natural inorganic sorbents may include clay, perlite, glass wool, and vercumlite. Synthetic Sorbent examples may include filters such as brushes, pads, diapers, sponges, etc. made from plastics, polyurethane, polyethane, and polypropylene. Certain examples include oil absorbent materials that may be made from melt-blown, non-biodegradable polypropylene. Forms of the filters could be any kind including mesh, brush, foam, strip, pad, sponge, carbon media, fabric, cloth, etc.
Certain example filtrations could use different kind of mesh and/or Micron filters. Such filters may be used to collect paint. Paint particulate matter may be removed though the use of different Micron filters composed of carbon, or natural or synthetic materials. Further example embodiments may include filter fabric configured to capture silt, sediment and oil as it flows from any source. Such example filter fabric may effectively contain both silt and sediment. Further, certain examples include spinning filters to remove particulates, screen, mesh, micron, brush, perforated material, fabric, permeable, semi-permeable, and non-permeable catchment.
Example embodiment removal could be through dispersants, temperature control, and/or freezing. Such removal could be for treatment, distillation, evaporation ponds, etc. through means of pumping, suction, pressure, man power, machine, robot, gravity flow when lifting container, for example.
Certain example embodiments could use collection devices such as skimmers used to collect pollutants lighter than the material the target is surrounded by. For example, an oil skimmer to skim floating oil on water. Other example embodiments may include oleophilic skimmers, suction skimmers, Weir Skimmer, etc. These skimmers could be included into a filter housing, and skim off materials as the water flows through, or they could operate independently, and be located in any number of areas such as the rim itself.
Certain example embodiments include the use of catch basins which may be used with or without filters. Such example catch basins could trap any number of things including but not limited to sediment, grease, bacteria, fungi, and any other material such as loose paint chips, organic material or others as described herein.
Example skimmers may include passive skimmers that are configured to absorb oil by floating on the surface of the water, for example. In such an example, once oil enters the water, the polymer in an absorbent forces oil to bond with the skimmer. Thus, in the example, after being bonded to the skimmer, absorbed oil may not filter back out if more water is added to the drain. For example, each passive skimmer may absorb any amount of oil.
Additionally, the system may adhere the filter directly to the buoyant rim, or allow for the removal of the filter from the buoyant rim. In such an example, the filter could be attached but be detachable to be able to switch filter types, or switch filters that are saturated or clogged. These filters could be attached to the buoyant rim through various ways. Examples include snapping a filter section onto the buoyant rim. Other examples may include a hook and loop attachment, zipper, buttons, magnetic, slide and pocket, or other attachments.
In certain embodiments, the buoyant rim could include any number of walls and/or skirts to protect from splashing in the buoyant rim, or overflow from spilling over the sides of the rim, before it is filtered.
In some examples, the buoyant rim filtration system could be used in conjunction with the buoyant rim containment system described above. In such a way, certain runoff from the buoyant containment system could be channeled through either separate or integrated buoyant filtration systems. Or filtration along the rim of the containment system could be used as a backup or redundant safety for accidental overflows, splashes, or spillage. For example, the runoff from being pumped from the contained target, could be filtered first through a buoyant filtration system before pumped overboard. Or, the system could include redundant buoyant filtration systems in case of accidental overflow/runoff.
In certain embodiments, the rim is not segmented, but is one continuous rim. In such examples, the entire rim system may have to tip one way or another in order to be moved into position around a target, or to allow the target access to the interior of the area surrounded by the rim. Such example embodiments may also utilize a hanging bag or walls/floor system as described in this disclosure to contain the target and/or material.
Certain example embodiments could include a separate tarp/rim system. In such an example system, a buoyant rim could be draped with a tarp that would act as the integrated rim/bag system described above. Such a separate system could utilize any number of rims or rim segments and a tarp fitted to the application. Further, the tarp could include any number of shapes and be made of any number of materials as described above. In use, such a tarp/rim system could be used in situations where transporting or obtaining a rim system is not easy. In such cases, a tarp for this purpose could more easily be transported. Then, on site, the rim could be assembled and the tarp draped over the rim, and attached to the rim covering the interior void or space encircled by the rim. In such an example embodiment the tarp may be configured to hang below the rim and act as the containment bag as described above.
Although this disclosure includes discussions of pollutants contained and/or filtered from spreading into bodies of water, the systems and methods could be used in alternate ways as well. Some ways may include the protection of the target or targets inside of the system, instead of protection of the water outside of the system. For instance, the reintroduction of wildlife back into a hazardous environment, may use the system to protect an target such as an animal in the system, from the surrounding waters. Only when acclimated, would the system allow for the animal to swim out into a larger containment system, or an open body of water. In such an example, water from outside of the system could be pumped in, in order to gradually acclimatize the wildlife to the new conditions.
Thus, in
The system also allows for people to dive under and around the contained target in order to inspect, repair and maintain it. This can also allow for the safety of such divers, against wildlife, so divers could work in the system and not fear shark attacks, dolphin attacks, or fish disturbance. Such a system would require a sturdy and durable material, such as KEVLAR or similar woven material, to resist such attacks.
The system may be used in a nested method where larger containment systems surround smaller ones. In such a deployment, added protection may be afforded to minimize the risk of spreading a particularly noxious pollutant.
Systems could include the use of materials that are temperature insulated. In this way, the temperature of the contained water could be different from the surrounding water. In a nested deployment, an incremental temperature gradient could keep the innermost containment system toward one extreme, hot or cold, while stepping the gradient either up or down back to the ambient water temperature. Such a temperature change may be useful for particular maintenance of ships, particular welding or underwater construction, or for the safety and comfort of divers working within the system.
The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in a sense of “including, but not limited to.” Words using the singular or plural number also include the plural or singular number respectively. Additionally, the words “herein,” “hereunder,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. When the word “or” is used in reference to a list of two or more targets, that word covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the targets in the list, all of the targets in the list and any combination of the targets in the list.
Although certain presently preferred implementations of the invention have been specifically described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains that variations and modifications of the various implementations shown and described herein may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention be limited only to the extent required by the applicable rules of law.
The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
This application is based on and claims priority to and is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/054,928 filed on Aug. 3, 2018, which is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/823,490 filed on Aug. 11, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,077,537, which is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/507,599 filed on Oct. 6, 2014, which is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/014,141 filed on Aug. 29, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,899,874, which is a continuation of and claims priority to International Application No. PCT/US2013/057163 filed on Aug. 28, 2013, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/748,073 filed on Jan. 1, 2013, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/736,537 filed on Dec. 12, 2012, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/713,515 filed on Oct. 13, 2012, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/693,960 filed on Aug. 28, 2012, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3708983 | Brown | Jan 1973 | A |
| 4280436 | Jackson | Jul 1981 | A |
| 5064309 | Dickie | Nov 1991 | A |
| 5238327 | Blair | Aug 1993 | A |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200407934 A1 | Dec 2020 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61748073 | Jan 2013 | US | |
| 61736537 | Dec 2012 | US | |
| 61713515 | Oct 2012 | US | |
| 61693960 | Aug 2012 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16054928 | Aug 2018 | US |
| Child | 17017492 | US | |
| Parent | 14823490 | Aug 2015 | US |
| Child | 16054928 | US | |
| Parent | 14507599 | Oct 2014 | US |
| Child | 14823490 | US | |
| Parent | 14014141 | Aug 2013 | US |
| Child | 14507599 | US | |
| Parent | PCT/US2013/057163 | Aug 2013 | US |
| Child | 14014141 | US |
