Composite yeast suitable for high concentration alcohol fermentation

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composite yeast for high concentration alcohol fermentation, which includes thermostable Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acid protease, phytase, cellulose, β-glucanase, and pectinase, and is suitable for the high concentration alcohol fermentation for various raw materials. In addition to normal fermentation, the composite yeast of the present invention can degrade the raw materials, increase the nutrient ingredients in the mash, promote the growth of yeast and provide stress tolerance protection.

Description

This application is a 371 of PCT/CN2005/002391 filed on Dec. 30, 2005, published on Jan. 25, 2007 under publication number WO 2007/009324 A which claims priority benefits from Chinese Patent Application No. 200510085110.3 filed Jul. 20, 2005, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a ferment useful in alcohol fermentation process, and particularly to a composite yeast suitable for high concentration alcoholic fermentation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the domestic alcoholic fermentation industry, yeast alone or yeast in combination with acid protease is often used to produce alcohol, with the maximum final alcohol content in the mash being 11-12 v/v %. If the final alcohol content in the mash is further increased, the content of residual reducing sugar and starch in the mash would be relatively high, resulting in the decrease of alcohol yield for the raw material and the occurrence of pollution to the environment due to wasted residual reducing sugar, residual starch and alcoholic mash. Therefore, it has become a significant problem in urgent need of settling to increase the final alcohol content in the mash while keeping the contents of residual reducing sugar and residual starch at a relatively reasonable level.

As disclosed in the application “a composite yeast suitable for high concentration alcohol fermentation”, filed on Dec. 15, 2003 by the present applicant, a composite yeast comprising thermostable Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acid protease, phytase and cellulase is used as a ferment for alcohol fermentation, which may result in the mash of standard raw material such as corn, cassava, and wheat with a final alcohol content of 14.5-15.5 v/v %, with the residual reducing sugar content being controlled at 0.2-0.4 w/v % and the residual starch content being controlled at 1.0-2.0 w/v %.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the invention is to provide a composite yeast suitable for high concentration alcohol fermentation, which can significantly improve the fermentation efficiency for thermostable Saccharomyces cerevisiae, further increase the final alcohol content in the mash, and reduce the content of residual reducing sugar and residual starch based on the prior art, thereby reducing the pressure to the environmental protection.

The objective of the invention is achieved by a composite yeast suitable for high concentration alcoholic fermentation which consists of thermostable Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acid protease, phytase, cellulase, β-glucanase, and pectinase. The contents of the ingredients described above are (by weight):

thermostable Saccharomyces cerevisiae 61-83%

acid protease 5-30%

phytase 3-10%

cellulase 2-10%

β-glucanase 1-2%

pectinase 1-2%

In a preferred embodiment, the compounding ratios of the ingredients for the composite yeast in the present invention are (by weight):

thermostable Saccharomyces cerevisiae 61-78%

acid protease 10-20%

phytase 3-8%

cellulase 5-8%

β-glucanase 1-1.8%

pectinase 1-1.5%

In a more preferred embodiment, the compounding ratios of the ingredients for the composite yeast in the present invention are (by weight):

thermostable Saccharomyces cerevisiae 75%

acid protease 12%

phytase 5%

cellulase 5%

β-glucanase 1.5%

pectinase 1.5%

The thermostable Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the present invention is a saccharifying strain in the form of solid and particulate, with the content of active cells being generally 35 billion/g. Said Saccharomyces cerevisiae converts sugar into alcohol in alcoholic fermentation process. It has the advantages of broad processing temperature range, thermostability, alcohol resistance and high reproductive ability. Also, said yeast is suitable for producing rice wine, liquor, fruit wine, spirits of wine, vinegars, and the like.

Acid protease, phytase, cellulase, β-glucanase, and pectinase act to decompose the raw material and provide nutrients and stress tolerance protection.

Acid protease is an enzyme of grey solid powder with an enzymatic activity being higher than 50,000 u/g; cellulase is an enzyme of grey solid powder with an enzymatic activity being higher than 1,800 u/g; phytase is an enzyme of milk white solid powder with an enzymatic activity being higher than 5,000 u/g; β-glucanase is an enzyme of light yellow solid powder with an enzymatic activity being higher than 800 u/g; and pectinase is an enzyme of light yellow solid powder with an enzymatic activity being higher than 2,000 u/g.

All the raw materials used in the composite yeast of the present invention are commercially available.

As the composite yeast in the present invention is a microbial product, the ingredients are measured by weight. For example, 100 g of the composite yeast product comprises 61-83 g of thermostable Saccharomyces cerevisiae (i.e. more than 20 billion per gram), 5-30 g of acid protease (2,500,000-15,000,000 u of enzymatic activity, calculated on the basis of the content of 50,000 u/g, i.e. 2,500-15,000 u/g), 3-10 g of phytase (150,000-500,000 u of enzymatic activity, calculated on the basis of the content of 5,000 u/g, i.e. 150-500 u/g), 2-10 g of cellulase (36,000-180,000 u of enzymatic activity, calculated on the basis of the content of 1,800 u/g, i.e. 36-180 u/g), 1-2 g of β-glucanase (8,000-16,000 u of enzymatic activity, calculated on the basis of the content of 800 u/g, i.e. 8-16 u/g), and 1-2 g of pectinase (20,000-40,000 u of enzymatic activity, calculated on the basis of the content of 2,000 u/g, i.e. 20-40 u/g).

In preparing of the composite yeast of the present invention, the compounding ratios of the ingredients described above may depend on the types of the raw materials used by the alcohol producer. The ingredients are thoroughly mixed together by mechanical or manual agitation, and then packaged into desired specifications.

The composite yeast of the present invention has the advantages of increasing fermented alcohol content, decreasing contents of residual starch and residual reducing sugar, reducing the manufacturing cost of alcohol fermentation, and increasing the yield of wine. It also has the benefits of readily purchasable raw materials, simple manufacture technology, and convenient application. The composite yeast of the present invention can be used as a ferment, for fermentation of standard raw materials such as corn, cassava, and wheat, resulting in a mash liquor with a final alcohol content of 16.0-17.0 v/v %, a residual reducing sugar being controlled at 0.15-0.25 w/v %, and the content of residual starch being controlled at 0.6-1.6 w/v %, thereby decrease the burden to the environmental protection.

EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The invention will be further described in detail with reference to examples as follows; however, the scope of protection in the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Examples 1-3

The ingredients of the examples 1-3 are precisely weighed according to the compounding ratios listed in the table 1, agitated for thorough mixing, and packaged as specified to give final products.

TABLE 1
					Content of enzymatic
Raw materials					activity
(by weight %)	Example 1	Example 2	Example 3	manufacturers	(content of active cells)
thermostable	62	75	83	ANGEL YEAST CO., LTD	35	billion/g
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
acid protease	20	12	5	NOVOZYMES (CHINA)	50,000	u/g
				INVESTMENT CO., LTD
phytase	8	5	5	NOVOZYMES (CHINA)	5,000	u/g
				INVESTMENT CO., LTD
cellulase	8	5	3	NOVOZYMES (CHINA)	1,800	u/g
				INVESTMENT CO., LTD
β-glucanase	1	1.5	2	USTC YIYUAN BIOTECH	800	u/g
				CO., LTD
pectinase	1	1.5	2	USTC YIYUAN BIOTECH	2,000	u/g
				CO., LTD

Example 4

In this example, corn is used as raw material, and the composite yeast of the present invention is used, for alcohol fermentation. The protocol, amounts of each component being used, and the results are as follows.

The protocol comprises:

1. pulverizing the raw materials: the corn powder is sieved with a mesh of a size of 1.5 mm.

2. moistening the raw materials: adding hot water of 60-70° C. therein according to the final sugar content requirement, and moistening for 30 minutes.

3. liquefaction: adding thermostable amylase in the amount of 10-20 u/g raw materials, liquefying at 95-97° C. for 1.5-2 h, cooling to 32° C., and adjusting with sulfuric acid to a pH of 4.2-4.5.

4. fermentation with the addition of yeast: adding 150-200 u/g of saccharifying enzyme, 0.02% (by weight) of the composite yeast of the present invention, and 0.05% (by weight) of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and fermenting at 30-35° C. for 65-68 h.

5. distillation: distilling by a conventional wine fermentation process to obtain alcohol, with the final alcohol content being 16.0-17.0 v/v %, the content of residual reducing sugar being 0.15-0.25 w/v %, and the content of residual starch being 0.6-1.6 w/v %.

Comparative results in alcohol fermentation using the composite yeast of the present invention and using ordinary ferment are shown in table 2:

TABLE 2
Comparison of final alcohol contents when different ferments are used,
residual reducing sugar contents, and residual starch contents
		Final alcohol	Content of
		content in the	residual	Content of
Composition of ferment	Specific compounding ratio	mash	reducing	residual starch
(by weight %)	(by weight %)	(v/v %)	sugar (w/v %)	(w/v %)
Thermostable	thermostable Saccharomyces	15.1%	0.3%	1.6%
Saccharomyces	cerevisiae 65%
cerevisiae 65-85%	acid protease 20%
acid protease 5-30%	phytase 10%
phytase 3-10%	cellulase 5%
cellulase 2-10%	thermostable Saccharomyces	14.6%	0.39%	2.0%
	cerevisiae 75%
	acid protease 15%
	phytase 5%
	cellulase 5%
	thermostable Saccharomyces	15.3%	0.21%	1.2%
	cerevisiae 85%
	acid protease 5%
	phytase 5%
	cellulase 5%
thermostable	thermostable Saccharomyces	16.5%	0.2%	1.1%
Saccharomyces	cerevisiae 62%
Cerevisiae 61%-83%	acid protease 20%
acid protease 5-30%	phytase 8%
phytase 3-10%	cellulase 8%
cellulase 2-10%	β-glucanase 1%
β-glucanase 1%-2%	pectinase 1%
pectinase 1%-2%	thermostable Saccharomyces	17.0%	0.17%	0.6%
	cerevisiae 72%
	acid protease 15%
	phytase 5%
	cellulase 5%
	β-glucanase 1.5%
	pectinase 1.5%
	thermostable Saccharomyces	16.1%	0.24%	1.5%
	cerevisiae 83%
	acid protease 5%
	phytase 4%
	cellulase 4%
	β-glucanase 2%
	pectinase 2%

Claims

1. A yeast composition suitable for high concentration alcohol fermentation, consisting of thermostable Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acid protease, phytase, cellulase, β-glucanase, and pectinase in weight ratios of: thermostable Saccharomyces cerevisiae 61-83 wt %acid protease 5-30 wt %phytase 3-10 wt %cellulase 2-10 wt %β-glucanase 1-2 wt %pectinase 1-2 wt %.

2. A yeast composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratios are: thermostable Saccharomyces cerevisiae 61-78 wt %acid protease 10-20 wt %phytase 3-8 wt %cellulase 5-8 wt %β-glucanase 1-1.8 wt %pectinase 1-1.5 wt %.

3. A yeast composition according to claim 2, wherein the weight ratios are: thermostable Saccharomyces cerevisiae 75 wt %acid protease 12 wt %phytase 5 wt %cellulase 5 wt %β-glucanase 1.5 wt %pectinase 1.5 wt %.