The invention relates generally to a formula, apparatus and method of manufacturing a confectionery with an ornamental shape, and snacks made therefrom. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of preparing a teardrop or fig-shaped confectionery utilizing a jacket dough and filler, as well as an apparatus for extruding a teardrop of fig-shaped confectionery utilizing said jacket dough and filler.
Innovation in the food industry is unceasing. The combination of flavors, textures, and forms among other organoleptic properties into new platforms for the consumer is a matter of never ending research and investigation. This is especially the case with snack foods. Still, even with investigation, it is not a certainty that the modification of one food stuff into a different food product will prove palatable. The production of a food stuff which proves palatable, nutritious, and is enticing to the consumer is artistry and not just a matter of routine research and development.
Snacks are generally divided into five broad groups: baked goods, salted snacks, specialty snacks, confectionery snacks, and naturally occurring snacks. Baked goods include, but are not limited to, cookies, crackers, sweet goods, snack cakes, pies, granola/snack bars, and confectioneries. Salted snacks include, but are not limited to, potato chips, corn chips, tortilla chips, extruded snacks, popcorn, pretzels, potato crisps, and nuts. Specialty snacks include, but are not limited to, dips, dried/fruit snacks, meat snacks, pork rinds, health food bars such as Power Bars® and rice/corn cakes. Confectionery snacks include various forms of candy. Naturally occurring snack foods include nuts, dried fruits and vegetables. Traditional snacks cut across the five groups as they comprise select species of snacks, including, but not limited to, cookies, brownies, filled crackers, snack cakes, pies, potato crisps, corn ships, tortilla chips, filled extruded snacks, enrobed extruded snacks, pretzels, spreads or dips, rice/corn cakes, and confectionery snacks.
Numerous obstacles and technical challenges may arise to preclude the delivery of desirable snacks and mixes to the consumer. One example which illustrates the complexity of food processing is the production of filled confectioneries which assume a distinctive ornamental shape. Filled confectioneries typically comprise a filler such as a jelly, jam, paste, cream or custard, and are enclosed by a baked jacket dough. The fillers are typically liquid to semi-solid in form and therefore cannot maintain a defined shape. As such the jacket dough provides most, if not all of the structure of the confectionery. The baked jacket dough must therefore impart sufficient structure to allow for a shelf stable product, yet at the same time have organoleptic properties which are pleasing to the consumer. Examples of jacket dough and filler confectioneries include U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,980,355; 7,163,710; 4,020,188 and 2,272,989.
Confectioneries are often manufactured in shapes that are visually pleasing to the consumer and/or mimic the shape of the foods the confectionery seeks to emulate. For example, the shape of filled confectioneries have been manufactured for decades, yet to date no fig-filled confectionery has been manufactured that mimics the shape of a fig, which is analogous to a teardrop shape. It is believed that the difficulty in producing a fig or teardrop shaped filled confectionery is due to the jacket dough being unable to maintain a fig or teardrop shape from the time the confectionery is baked through packaging and eventual consumption by the consumer. Prior attempts to create a fig or teardrop shaped product have failed, as the baked jacket dough of the finished product collapsed during packaging or subsequent storage. What is needed is a jacket dough that contains the organoleptic properties of a confectionery, yet has the structural integrity to assume an ornamental shape.
The invention relates generally to a formula, apparatus and method of manufacturing a confectionery with an ornamental shape, and snacks made therefrom. More specifically, the invention relates to a formula, apparatus and method for fig or teardrop shaped confectioneries. It has been discovered that the formulation of a raw jacket dough that is approximately 15 wt % water and approximately 20 wt % tapioca syrup produces a final baked product that can both accept a filler and has the organoleptic properties of a confectionery, yet has the structural integrity to assume ornamental shapes. Moreover, it has been discovered that the co-extrusion of a confectionery at approximately 295 g/m to 630 g/m, via a novel nozzle in combination with a novel utter—such that the confectionery is cut in approximately 6.0-9.0 g increments—results in a filled confectionery with an ornamental fig or teardrop shape, and can maintain its shape up to consumption.
The invention comprises a food confectionery with an outer baked jacket dough, which in turn encloses a filler. The invention further comprises a method of preparing a teardrop or fig-shaped confectionery utilizing said jacket dough and filler, as well as an apparatus for extruding a teardrop of fig-shaped confectionery utilizing said jacket dough and filler.
The jacket dough comprises a flour, a leavening system, a sweetener, flavoring and coloring, as well as an oil, water and emulsifier system. The compositions of the filler vary and are in accordance with known fillers in the art such as jams, jellies, pastes, creams, custards and the like.
The jacket dough of the invention may incorporate any number of flours useful in providing a dough of appropriate consistency. The flour material can be derived from various grain materials including, but not limited to, wheat flour such as durum, semolina and the like. It is also possible to employ other types of flour material into the dough and snack of the invention. Non-limiting examples include material derived from other cereals and grains including, but not limited to, maize, corn, rice, barley, etc.
Wheat flour is a powder made from the grinding of wheat used for human consumption. More wheat flour is produced than any other flour. Wheat varieties are called “soft” or “weak” if gluten content is low, and are called “hard” or “strong” if they have high gluten content. Hard flour, or bread flour, is high in gluten, with 12% to 14% gluten content. Its dough has elastic toughness that holds its shape well once baked. Soft flour is comparatively low in gluten and thus results in a loaf with a finer, crumbly texture.
In terms of the parts of the grain (the grass fruit) used in flour—the endosperm or protein/starchy part, the germ or protein/fat/vitamin-rich part, and the bran or fiber part—there are also three general types of flour. White flour is made from the endosperm only. Brown flour includes some of the grain's germ and bran, while whole grain or whole meal flour is made from the entire grain, including the bran, endosperm, and germ. Germ flour is made from the endosperm and germ, excluding the bran.
Preferably, the various compositions of the jacket dough of the invention comprise whole wheat flour.
The jacket dough of the present invention comprises a leavening system. Leavening systems useful in this invention generally comprise adding a chemical leavening agent to the jacket dough prior to baking. Chemical leavening agents are mixtures or compounds that release gases when they react with each other, with moisture, or with heat. Most are based on a combination of acid and a salt of bicarbonate. Chemical leaveners are used in quick breads and cakes, as well as cookies and numerous other applications where a long biological fermentation is impractical or undesirable. Chemical leavening agents include, but are not limited to baking powder, baking soda, sodium bicarbonate, monocalcium phosphate, sodium aluminum sulfate, disodium phosphate, and sodium aluminum phosphate. Preferably, the various compositions of the jacket dough of the invention comprise a leavening system of sodium bicarbonate and monocalcium phosphate.
The jacket dough of the present invention also comprises an oil, emulsifier and water system. The oil is used as a substitute for shortening and includes but is not limited to any commercially available vegetable and animal oils including canola oil, olive oil, corn oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, etc. The oil adds flavor as well as well as aids in creating a tender or flaky final product. Preferably the oil utilized in the various compositions of the jacket dough of the invention comprises canola oil.
The emulsifier stabilizes and prevents separation of ingredients in the dough, and reduces the rate of retrogradation (staling). In addition, the emulsifier serves as a dough conditioner by interacting with gluten to strengthen the protein network resulting in a desirable texture. Emulsifiers include but are not limited to egg yolk, lecithins including soy lecithin, genetically modified organism-free (GMO-free) soy lecithin, sodium and calcium stearoyl lactylate, monoglycerides and diglycerides, ethoxylated monoglycerides and diglycerides, polysorbates, succinylated monoglycerides, and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides, polysorbates, succinylated monoglycerides, and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides. Preferably, the emulsifier utilized in the various compositions of the jacket dough of the invention comprises GMO-free soy lecithin.
Finally, the addition of water provides moisture to the final product, ensuring desired organoleptic properties. The moisture provided the by water can also aid in the structural integrity of the finished product, ensuring that the product is not too dry or flaky such that it crumbles or otherwise loses its shape during packaging. It has been found that a raw dough having between 13-15 wt % water, preferably 14.74 wt % water, provides sufficient moisture to allow the jacket of the finished product of the invention to maintain a teardrop of fig like shape after baking and packaging, yet having pleasing organoleptic properties.
The jacket dough and food product of the invention also comprise a sweetener. Depending on the sweetener incorporated into the dough, the sweetener may add to organoleptic properties by providing added bulk or elasticity in the case of natural sugars (aside from the added taste of sweeteners) among other properties. Natural or synthetic (nutritive and nonnutritive) sweeteners may be used in the dough and food product of the invention.
Natural (or nutritive) sweeteners may include sugar as well as sugar salts and derivatives derived from fruits and vegetables including fructose, mannose, sucrose, corn syrup, including high fructose corn syrup, hydrogenated starch, hydrosylates, molasses, chocolate syrup, granular sugar, GMO-free granular sugar, vegetable syrups such as brown rice syrup, tapioca syrup iso malt, malt, maltose, maltilol, glycerol, and mixtures thereof, among others.
Other (nutritive and nonnutritive) sweeteners useful in the dough and food product of the invention may include aspartame, cyclamates, sucralose, stevioside, and saccharin, as well as curculin, erythritol, neotame and mixtures thereof, among others. Combinations of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners may also be used if there is a desire for sweetness with a lower calorie value.
Preferably, the various compositions of the jacket dough of the invention comprise GMO-free granular sugar. Additionally the various compositions of the jacket dough of the invention also comprise tapioca syrup. Tapioca syrup is a sweetener derived by culturing ground cassava root starch with saccharifying enzymes to break down the starches, producing a syrup. We have found that tapioca syrup, in addition to providing sweeteners, serves as an ideal binding agent. We have found that a dough comprising approximately 17.5-22.5 wt % tapioca syrup, preferably 20.06 wt %, in combination with the effective amounts of water referenced above, result in a jacket of the finished product of the invention which maintains a teardrop or fig like shape after baking and packaging, yet have pleasing organoleptic properties.
The jacket dough and food product of the invention may also comprise various flavoring and coloring additives to modify the appearance of the final product as well as its organoleptic properties. One such additive is quick oats, which modify the flavor and texture of the baked jacket dough, as well as serve as a source of fiber. Effective amounts of salt may be added as well. Additionally, soy fiber may be added to the jacket dough to provide additional fiber content. The jacket dough may also comprise fruit or other flavor additives that mimic or compliment the flavors of the filler. Such flavorings include, but are not limited to, chocolate flavoring, strawberry flavoring, blueberry flavoring and fig flavoring. Additionally food dyes and other colorings may be added to the jacket dough to create a visually pleasing baked product. One preferred coloring is caramel coloring.
Illustrative concentrations for all ingredients are found in the TABLE 1 below:
With reference to
Hoppers 3 and 5 are in fluid communication with, and are situated directly above, housing 7. Hoppers 3 and 5 are in fluid communication with and augers 9 and 11 [not shown], respectively, which direct food ingredients to housing 7. Housing 7 receives the food ingredients and contains machinery to process the food ingredients. As such, housing 7 may be any shape which can accommodate both the machinery and the food ingredients.
Located within housing 7 are feed rollers 13 and 15 [not shown]. Feed rollers 13 and 15 are in fluid communication with hoppers 3 and 5 and augers 9 and 11. Feed rollers 13 and 15 are rotatably mounted within housing 7 by way of axles 17 and 19 [not shown], or by other means known in the art. Feed rollers 13 and 15 are actuated by a belt/chain drive 21 [not shown] or by other actuation means known in the art.
Feed rollers 13 and 15 are preferably cylindrical, however other geometries that can be rotatably mounted may also be utilized. The dimensions of feed rollers 13 and 15 can vary, and are consistent with feed rollers known in the art. Feed rollers 13 and 15 feed the ingredients to pumps 21 and 23 respectively, also contained within housing 7. Pumps 21 and 23 force the jacket dough and filler into manifold 25. Manifold 25 is depicted in
After the combined jacket dough and filler extrusion 44 is extruded, it is fed to encruster (or cutter) 31. As shown in
As shown in
A controller 39, an embodiment of which is disclosed in
Referring to
Next, as shown in block 47 of
After the combined jacket dough and filler extrusion 44 is extruded from the nozzle, it is fed to encruster (or cutter) 31, as shown in step 53 of
After the combined jacket dough and filler product is cut, it is deposited on conveyor 35 and fed into band oven 37, as shown in steps 55 and 57 of
The following examples provide a representative illustration of the invention.
A jacket dough is prepared according to the formulation set forth in TABLE 2:
A mixture of the quick oats, salt, sugar, soy lecithin, tapioca syrup, water, caramel coloring and fruit flavoring is first prepared, and is mixed with low agitation in a mixer for approximately 2 minutes. Once this is complete the canola oil is added and the resulting mixture is mixed with low agitation in a mixer for another approximately 2 minutes. Finally the monocalcium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, soy fiber and wheat flour are added and the resulting mixture is mixed with high agitation in a mixer for approximately 1 minute. Throughout the mixing process the dough is maintained at a temperature of 70° F.
Separately a filler is prepared according to the formulation set forth in TABLE 3:
After mixing the jacket dough and the filler are complete, the filler is fed into hopper 3 of co-extruder 1, while the jacket dough mixture is fed into hopper 5 of co-extruder 1. The jacket dough and filler are separately fed by auger 9, which corresponds to hopper 3, and auger 11, which corresponds to hopper 5, to feed rollers 13 and 15, which in turn feed the jacket dough and filler into mechanically driven pumps 21 and 23. Pumps 21 and 23 force the jacket dough and filler into manifold 25. Manifold 25 contains both outer nozzle/cup 27, which accepts the jacket dough, and inner nozzle 29 which accepts the filler. As the jacket dough is poured into the outer nozzle 27, the jacket dough forms a central cavity into which the inner nozzle 29 deposits the filler, resulting in the co-extrusion of a combined jacket dough and filler extrusion 44. Augers 9 and 11, feed rollers 13 and 15 and pumps 21 and 23 are calibrated such that the combined jacket dough and filler extrusion 44 is extruded from each outer nozzle 27/inner nozzle 29 combination at a rate of approximately 525 g/m.
After the combined jacket dough and filler extrusion 44 is extruded form the nozzle, it is fed to encruster (or cutter) 31. The encruster 31 is calibrated such that it cuts the extruded combined jacket dough and filler extrusion 44 at 70 cuts per minute resulting in a product 46 that is fig or teardrop shaped and has a pre-bake mass of 7.5 grams.
After the product 46 is cut, it is deposited on conveyor 35 and fed into band oven 37. The band oven may have one or more heating zones, the one or more zones baking the product 46 at a temperature of 345° F. for a time of 11 minutes and 12 seconds. After baking is complete the baked product 46 is packaged.
Although the invention has been described by reference to its preferred embodiment as is disclosed in the specification and drawings above, many more embodiments of the invention are possible without departing from the invention. Thus, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the appended claims.
This application is a National Phase Patent Application based on International Patent Application PCT/US18/018891, filed on Feb. 21, 2018, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/466, 835, filed on Mar. 3, 2017, the entire contents of both are hereby incorporated by reference.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2018/018891 | 2/21/2018 | WO | 00 |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
62466835 | Mar 2017 | US |