Patent Application
20090302239
This invention relates to a device using a dielectric lens transparent to electromagnetic waves. Particularly, this invention relates to a device using a dielectric lens suitable for the microwave band, the millimeter wave band, and the visible light wave band. This invention further relates to a reflector, generator, and traffic signal, in the field of application of the device using the dielectric lens.
Generally, electromagnetic waves which propagate in space can be long waves, medium frequency waves, microwaves, millimeter waves, infrared light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays. The electromagnetic waves of each band are used in many fields. Regarding electromagnetic waves in these bands, the electromagnetic waves of the light wave band of the range of 380-760 mm wavelength are visible light to human eyes. Electromagnetic waves from the millimeter wave band to the light wave band are now beginning to be used in the field of communications.
Conventionally, metal reflecting plates are used for the reflecting plate of the millimeter wave band used by the telecommunications sector. However, when using this reflecting plate with a light wave band, in order to form rectangular-type shapes like a cube corner, high angle accuracy is required. Similarly, in order to form the surface smoothly, high surface smoothness is required. A dielectric lens which has omnidirectionality is used where the wavelength of electromagnetic waves is longer than the millimeter wave band. One such dielectric lens is a Luneberg lens formed by adjusting a dielectric constant with styrene foam, etc.
As an example of a device which uses a spherical dielectric lens, the Luneberg lens is used as an antenna. As shown in
However, when conventional metal reflecting plates are used for light waves and the millimeter wave band, the null point of the pattern appears in both ends within the limits of 90 degrees according to the structure of a reflecting plate. The reflecting plate of such a structure cannot obtain the wide angle characteristic of 80 degrees or more. When the Luneberg lens currently formed with styrene foam, etc., as an omnidirectional reflector is used, there is a problem that light cannot be reflected in this reflector.
When a Luneberg lens is used as an antenna, the circumference of this Luneberg lens is protected by the radome. However, when the wavelength of electromagnetic waves is shorter than the millimeter wave band (frequency of 30-300 GHz), the electromagnetic waves that enter into the antenna arranged in the radome are influenced by shielding of electromagnetic waves, absorption of electromagnetic waves, dispersion of electromagnetic waves, etc., by the frame member which comprises a radome.
As a result, there is a problem in that loss of electromagnetic waves increases. Therefore, when a Luneberg lens is used as an antenna, there is a problem that the electromagnetic waves of a certain direction cannot be received or reflected.
When the wavelength of electromagnetic waves is shorter than the millimeter wave band (frequency of 30-300 GHz), in order to suppress loss of electromagnetic waves, it is necessary to form surface protection material thinly in the opening of the antenna. When dielectric loss uses a large material as surface protection material, it is necessary to form surface protection material especially thinly. However, when surface protection material is formed thinly, there is a problem that the mechanical strength becomes weak. Therefore, in the millimeter wave band, there is a radome which uses Teflon®, a material with little dielectric loss, as a frame member. Thus, the dielectric used as the material of the frame member have high weight density. Therefore, when such dielectric are used as frame member, there is a problem that the radome becomes very heavy.
As shown in
When the wavelength of electromagnetic waves is shorter than the millimeter wave band (frequency of 30-300 GHz), and when the dielectric constant of each component which comprises FRP is different, there is a problem that dispersion of electromagnetic waves and the loss of electromagnetic waves which enter into the antenna arranged in the radome increase remarkably. There is a problem that it becomes difficult to obtain surface protection material, such as FRP, which has uniform composition on the whole radome surface. The beam characteristic of the electromagnetic waves which enter into the radome changes with frequency.
As shown in
Thus, the device using a dielectric lens has many problems. There is a need for a device using the dielectric lens which can be used for both a millimeter wave band and a light wave band in fields, such as communication and broadcast. There is a need for a device using a dielectric lens without dispersion of electromagnetic waves, and loss of electromagnetic waves. There is a need for various devices in the field of application of devices using a dielectric lens.
The invention of claim 1 is a device using a dielectric lens, comprising a dielectric lens, a dielectric shell, and a maintenance mechanism. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The dielectric shell is transparent, has a hollow inside, and a radius of one surface of this hollow inside is equal to the focal length of the dielectric lens. The maintenance mechanism is disposed to carry out position maintenance of the dielectric shell and the dielectric lens so that the dielectric lens may be included in the internal central part of the dielectric shell, and the dielectric shell may be located by the maintenance mechanism along the focal length of the dielectric lens.
Since it is constituted in this way, the invention of claim 1 has the following effects. Since each of dielectric lens and dielectric shell is formed by a transparent member, they act as a lens which has omnidirectionality to the electromagnetic waves of not only the millimeter wave band but also the light wave band. Since the surface of the dielectric shell is located along the focal length of the dielectric lens, the electromagnetic wave reflecting body can reflect, and the electromagnetic wave receiving section can receive, electromagnetic waves, optionally along all directions around 360-degrees. Therefore, an electromagnetic wave reflecting device and electromagnetic wave receiving device is provided having omnidirectionality. Because the device does not need a power supply, so that once it is installed, it can be used semi-perpetually.
The dielectric lens is held at a state where it is fixed strongly with supporting structure inside the dielectric shell. Thus, vibration at the time of using the device using the dielectric lens, such as, for example an earthquake, etc., does not cause the dielectric lens to move inside, and destruction, damage, mechanical modification, etc., do not occur. The surface of a dielectric lens is not damaged by external factors, such as rainstorms, or sudden phenomena under measurement, and mechanical modification is not generated, either. Therefore, distortion of the electromagnetic lens to the entering of electromagnetic waves does not occur. The focal length to the entering electromagnetic waves is also not changed. A device using the dielectric lens is little influenced by shielding of electromagnetic waves, absorption of electromagnetic waves, or dispersion of electromagnetic waves by the dielectric shell. The device using the dielectric lens is strong and lightweight.
The invention of claim 2 is a device using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, a dielectric shell, and a maintenance mechanism. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The dielectric shell is transparent and had a hollow inside. A radius of one surface of this hollow inside is equal to the focal length of a dielectric lens. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric shell and the dielectric lens so that the dielectric lens may be included in the internal central part of a dielectric shell and the dielectric shell may be located by the maintenance mechanism along the focal length of the dielectric lens. The dielectric lens is a single structure with specific inductive capacity of 3.5 or less formed with transparent dielectric.
Since it is constituted in this way, the invention of claim 2 has the same effects as that of claim 1. The specific inductive capacity of the optimal dielectric member of a dielectric lens is 3.5 or less as shown in
The invention concerning claim 3 is a device using a dielectric lens, comprising a dielectric lens, a dielectric shell, and a maintenance mechanism. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The dielectric shell is transparent and has a hollow inside, and the radius of one surface of this hollow inside is equal to the focal length of the dielectric lens. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric shell and the dielectric lens so that the dielectric lens may be included in the internal central part of the dielectric shell and the dielectric shell may be located by the maintenance mechanism along the focal length of the dielectric lens. The dielectric lens is a single structure with a specific inductive capacity of 3.5 or less formed with transparent dielectric. A dielectric coating is provided on at least one surface of the dielectric lens or the dielectric shell. The specific inductive capacity of this dielectric coating is one or more, and a dielectric coating is formed by transparent dielectric material with a dielectric constant smaller than the dielectric constant of a dielectric lens or a dielectric shell.
Since it comprised in this way, the invention of claim 3 has the same effects as that of claim 1 and claim 2. The transmissivity of electromagnetic waves becomes good with a dielectric coating.
In the invention of claim 2 and claim 3, the dielectric shell of the device using the dielectric lens of claim 4 is formed by a transparent dielectric member, and the dielectric shell is a multi-layered structure formed in a gap interposed between concentric hollows. The radius of one spherical surface of the dielectric shell of this multi-layered structure has a length equal to the focal length of the dielectric lens. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric shell and dielectric lens of the multi-layered structure so that the radius of one spherical surface of the dielectric shell of multi-layered structure may be located in the focal length of the dielectric lens.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 4 has the same effects as that of claim 2 and claim 3. Since a dielectric shell of multi-layered structure is used, the dielectric shell of this multi-layered structure can have an effective aperture area to project area larger than a dielectric shell of monolayer structure.
The invention concerning claim 5 is a device using a dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, a dielectric shell, and a maintenance mechanism. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The dielectric shell is transparent and has a hollow inside, and the radius of one surface of this hollow inside has a radius equal to the focal length of the dielectric lens. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric shell and the dielectric lens so that the dielectric lens may be included in the internal central part of the dielectric shell and the dielectric shell may be located by the maintenance mechanism along the focal length of the dielectric lens. Each surface of a dielectric shell has a radius beyond the distance calculated from the focal length of the dielectric lens.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 5 has the same effects as that of claim 1. The surface of a dielectric shell is safe, without heating the dielectric shell, since convergence of the electromagnetic waves by the dielectric lens is avoidable.
In the invention of claim 1 and claim 2, the invention of claim 6 is a device using the dielectric lens that provides an electromagnetic wave reflecting section in the focal length of the dielectric lens.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 6 has the same effects as that of claim 1 and claim 2. A device which reflects electromagnetic waves having omnidirectionality is thus obtained. This device does not need a power supply, thus once installed, it can be used semi-perpetually as a device which reflects electromagnetic waves. Therefore, this device can be installed in any place, such inside a mountain, in a desert, and a temporary runway can also be prepared easily at a place without an airport. When using it as a radar apparatus, this device can be used also as a marker for automatic guidance.
In the invention of claim 1 and claim 2, the invention of claim 7 is a device using the dielectric lens which provides the electromagnetic wave receiving section in the focal length of the dielectric lens.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 7 has the same effects as claim 1 and claim 2. A device which receives electromagnetic waves having omnidirectionality is thus obtained.
In the invention of claim 1 and claim 2, the invention of claim 8 is a device using the dielectric lens which has an electromagnetic wave reflecting section, and an electromagnetic wave receiving section in the focal length of the dielectric lens.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 8 has the same effects as that of claim 1 and claim 2. This device can be used as a device which reflects electromagnetic waves omnidirectionally, and can be used as a device which also receives electromagnetic waves omnidirectionally.
The invention of claim 9 is a device using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, a dielectric shell, and a maintenance mechanism. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The dielectric shell is transparent and has a hollow inside, and the radius of one surface of this hollow inside is equal to the focal length of the dielectric lens. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric shell and the dielectric lens so that the dielectric lens may be included in the internal central part of the dielectric shell and the dielectric shell may be located by the maintenance mechanism along the focal length of the dielectric lens. The thickness of the dielectric shell is formed with polycarbonate resin of 3 mm or less.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 9 has the same effects as that of claim 1. Since the dielectric shell is formed with polycarbonate resin of 3 mm or less, this device can maintain high strength to a local load, and this device can also maintain weather resistance.
The invention concerning claim 10 is a device using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, a dielectric shell, and a maintenance mechanism. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The dielectric shell is transparent and has a hollow inside, and the radius of one surface of this hollow inside is equal to the focal length of the dielectric lens. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric shell and the dielectric lens so that the dielectric lens may be included in the internal central part of the dielectric shell and the dielectric shell may be located by the maintenance mechanism along the focal length of the dielectric lens. The thickness of the dielectric shell is formed with acrylic resin of 3 mm or less.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 10 has the same effects as that of claim 1. Since the dielectric shell is formed with acrylic resin of 3 mm or less, this device can maintain high strength also to a local load, and this device can further maintain weather resistance.
The invention of claim 11 is a device using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, a dielectric shell, and a maintenance mechanism. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The dielectric shell is transparent and has a hollow inside, and the radius of one surface of this hollow inside is equal to the focal length of a dielectric lens. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric shell and the dielectric lens so that the dielectric lens may be included in the internal central part of the dielectric shell and the dielectric shell may be located by the maintenance mechanism along the focal length of the dielectric lens. The dielectric lens is a single structure having specific inductive capacity formed with 3.5 or less transparent dielectrics. The thickness of the dielectric shell is formed with polycarbonate resin of 3 mm or less.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 11 has the same effects as claim 1 and claim 2. Since the dielectric shell is formed with polycarbonate resin of 3 mm or less, this device can maintain weather resistance while also being able to maintain high strength to a local load.
The invention concerning claim 12 is a device using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, a dielectric shell, and a maintenance mechanism. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The dielectric shell is transparent and has a hollow inside, and the radius of one surface of this hollow inside is equal to the focal length of the dielectric lens. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric shell and the dielectric lens so that the dielectric lens may be included in the internal central part of the dielectric shell and the dielectric shell may be located by the maintenance mechanism along the focal length of the dielectric lens. The dielectric lens is a single structure which specific inductive capacity of 3.5 or less formed with transparent dielectrics, and the thickness of the dielectric shell is formed with acrylic resin of 3 mm or less.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 12 has the same effects as that of claim 1 and claim 2. Since the dielectric shell is formed with acrylic resin of 3 mm or less, this device can maintain weather resistance while being able to maintain high strength also with respect to a local load.
In the invention of claim 2, claim 11, and claim 12, the invention concerning claim 13 is a device using the dielectric lens having a dielectric lens with transparent polystyrene resin.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention concerning claim 13 has the same effects as claim 2, claim 11, and claim 12.
The invention of claim 14 is a device (it is hereafter described as a reflector), which reflects the electromagnetic waves using the dielectric lens, comprising a dielectric lens, a reflecting body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The reflecting body is provided in the focal length of the dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the electromagnetic wave reflecting body at the focal length of the dielectric lens, and the position maintenance means comprises a dielectric shell and a maintenance mechanism. The dielectric shell has an inside diameter or an outer diameter equal to the focal length, it is formed by a member transparent to electromagnetic waves, and is formed in a hollow which can store the dielectric lens inside. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric shell and the dielectric lens, so that this dielectric shell may include the dielectric lens and the dielectric shell may be located along the focal length of a dielectric lens. In the reflective surface of the reflecting body, either of a color filter, or a liquid crystal, or both, are arranged.
Since it constituted in this way, the device of the invention of claim 14 acts as a lens to electromagnetic waves of not only millimeter wave band but of the light wave band, as well. A reflector without the necessity for a power supply can thus be obtained. By choosing the color of the color filter arranged on the reflective surface of the reflecting body, or by choosing the liquid crystal, a reflector provided with a coloring function to reflect desired colors is obtained. Since this reflector does not need a power supply, once it is installed, it can be used semi-perpetually. Since the circumference of the dielectric lens is surrounded with dielectric shell transparent to electromagnetic waves, the surface of the lens is protected and breakage, damage, mechanical modification, etc., do not occur.
The invention concerning claim 15 is a reflector using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave reflecting body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic wave reflecting body is provided in the focal length of the dielectric lens.
The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the reflecting body at the focal length of the dielectric lens, and a position maintenance means comprises a cylindrical container and a maintenance mechanism. The cylindrical container is formed by a member transparent to electromagnetic waves, has an inside diameter or outer diameter equal to a focal length of a dielectric lens, and forms the dielectric lens in an a hollow inside in which storage of two or more lens is possible. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the cylindrical container and each dielectric lens so that the cylindrical container may include a dielectric lens and the cylindrical container may be located along the focal length of each dielectric lens.
Since it constituted in this way, the long bar reflector which has arbitrary length can be manufactured by the invention of claim 15. This reflector is installed on a road and can be used as a road sign without the necessity for a power supply. Since this reflector does not need a power supply, once it is installed, it can be used semi-perpetually. Therefore, it can also be installed in places in which an electric supply line is not installed, such as a mountain range and a desert, or as a road sign or a guide light. By installing in a place without an airport as the guide light, a temporary runway can be prepared easily. When using this reflector as a radar apparatus, it can also be used as a marker for guiding a movable body, or the like, automatically.
The invention of claim 16 is a reflector using a dielectric lens, comprising a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic reflecting body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves.
The electromagnetic reflecting body is provided in the focal length of the dielectric lens, and the position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the reflecting body at the focal length of the dielectric lens.
The reflecting body which has a slit, by using a the reflecting body with a slit or separated metal pieces the device has the function of detecting the direction from which the electromagnetic waves are reflected from the slit.
Since it is comprised in this way, in the movable body side emitting electromagnetic waves with the reflector of the invention of claim 16, distance, direction, etc., of a movable body can be measured by the reflected wave from the movable body side on the basis of the gap of the slit, the direction of the slit, or the separation of the metal pieces. By detecting the reflective electromagnetic waves from the slit, the reflector has the function of detecting the reflective direction.
The invention of claim 17 is a reflector using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, an electronic wave reflecting body, and a position maintenance means.
The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic reflecting body is disposed in the focal length of the dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the reflecting body at the focal length of the dielectric lens, and this position maintenance means comprises a maintenance mechanism that carries out position maintenance of the dielectric lens, and a case that includes the dielectric lens. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric lens so that the reflecting body may be located along the focal length of a dielectric lens. One end of the case has a maintenance mechanism, the other end of the case is opened wide or the other end of the case is covered with a cover object formed by a member transparent to electromagnetic waves.
Since it is constituted in this way, when using the reflector of the invention of claim 17 for a radar installation, it can also be used as a marker for automatic guidance. The invention can be used also as a brake light for movable bodies, such as a car. If the reflector using two or more dielectric lenses is arranged in a case, a whole large-sized reflector can be formed. Since the dielectric lens is held fixed strongly in the case, destruction, damage, mechanical modification, and the like do not accrue on the surface of the dielectric lens.
The invention concerning claim 18 is a reflector using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave reflecting body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The reflecting body is provided in the focal length of the dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the reflecting body at the focal length of the dielectric lens. An electric control reflecting body that can control electromagnetic waves is provided in the reflecting body. The solar cell used as a power supply is disposed in the electric control reflecting body.
Since it constituted in this way, a power supply is perpetually supplied to the electric control reflecting body of the invention of claim 18 by sun rays. Therefore, once it is installed, one obtains, semi-perpetually, a reflector which has an electric control function in which it is not necessary to supply electric power. This device can also be installed in places, such as the inside of a mountain, or a desert. A temporary runway can be easily prepared by installing such as the guide light at a place without an airport. When using this device as a radar apparatus, it can be used also as a marker for guiding a movable body or the like automatically. This device can be used as the radio wave LGT in the ground or for marine use, or a range marker.
In the invention of claim 15-claim 17, the invention of claim 19 provides either a color filter, or a liquid crystal, or both, in the reflective surface of the reflecting body.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 19 has the same effects as claim 15-claim 17. The reflector of arbitrary colors is obtained by choosing as desired the color of the color filter arranged in the reflective surface of the reflecting body.
The invention of claim 20 is a reflector using a dielectric lens, comprising a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave reflecting body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves.
The reflecting body is provided in the focal length of this dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of this reflecting body at the focal length of a dielectric lens. The position maintenance means consists of a dielectric shell and a maintenance mechanism. The dielectric shell has an inside diameter or an outer diameter equal to a focal length, forms it by a member transparent to electromagnetic waves, and is formed in the hollow inside that can store the dielectric lens. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of a dielectric shell and the dielectric lens so that this dielectric shell may include a dielectric lens and a dielectric shell may be located along the focal length of a dielectric lens. In the reflective surface of a reflecting body, either a color filter, or a liquid crystal, or both are arranged. When the liquid crystal has been arranged on the reflective surface of the reflecting body, the solar cell used as a power supply is disposed in the reflecting body.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 20 has the same effects as that of claim 14. Since electric power is supplied to the power supply for the liquid crystals of this reflector from a solar cell, it does not need a special power supply but it can be used semi-perpetually with the solar cell.
The invention concerning claim 21 is a reflector using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave reflecting body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The reflecting body is provided in the focal length of this dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the reflecting body at the focal length of the dielectric lens.
An electric control reflecting body that can control electromagnetic waves is provided in the reflecting body. A solar cell used as a power supply is allocated in the electric control reflecting body. The position maintenance means comprises a dielectric shell and a maintenance mechanism. The dielectric shell has an inside diameter or an outer diameter equal to a focal length, and it is formed in the hollow inside which can store a dielectric lens by a member transparent to electromagnetic waves. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric shell and the dielectric lens so that this dielectric shell may include a dielectric lens, and the dielectric shell may be located along the focal length of a dielectric lens.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 21 has the same effects as that of claim 18. Since the circumference of the dielectric lens of this reflector is surrounded with the dielectric shell transparent to electromagnetic waves, breakage, damage, mechanical modification, etc., do not occur on the surface of the dielectric lens.
The invention of claim 22 is a reflector using a dielectric lens, comprising a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave reflecting body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The reflecting body is provided in the focal length of the dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the reflecting body at the focal length of the dielectric lens. And the position maintenance means comprises a dielectric shell and a maintenance mechanism. The dielectric shell has an inside diameter or an outer diameter equal to a focal length, it is formed by a member transparent to electromagnetic waves, and is formed in a hollow that can store the dielectric lens. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric shell and the dielectric lens so that this dielectric shell may include the dielectric lens and the dielectric shell may be located along the focal length of the dielectric lens. On the reflective surface of the reflecting body, either of a color filter, or a liquid crystal, or both, are arranged. For a position maintenance means, the shade cap which intercepts the sun rays irradiate a dielectric lens is arranged.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 22 has the same effects as claim 14. Since the sun rays irradiating the dielectric lens are covered with a shade cap, they can avoid convergence of the sun rays by the dielectric lens on the surface of the position maintenance means. Therefore, since the position maintenance means is not heated, this reflector is safe.
The invention of claim 23 is a reflector using a dielectric lens, comprising a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave reflecting body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The reflecting body is provided in the focal length of the dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the reflecting body at the focal length of the dielectric lens. And the position maintenance means comprises a dielectric shell and a maintenance mechanism. The dielectric shell has an inside diameter or an outer diameter equal to a focal length, and is formed by a member transparent to electromagnetic waves, and is formed in a hollow inside that can store the dielectric lens, and the dielectric shell includes a dielectric lens. And the maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric shell and the dielectric lens so that the dielectric shell may be located along the focal length of a dielectric lens. In the reflective surface of the reflecting body, either of a color filter, or a liquid crystal, or both, are arranged. For the position maintenance means, light scattering material is arranged instead of a shade cap. This light scattering material is formed with a material that has a light scattering characteristic.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention concerning claim 23 has the same effects as claim 14. Since sun rays are scattered by light scattering material, this reflector can avoid convergence of the sun rays to the focus by the dielectric lens. Since the position maintenance means is not heated by the focal length of the dielectric lens in the reflecting body, the reflector is safe.
In the invention of claim 17-claim 18, the invention of claim 24 is a reflector using the dielectric lens which provides a window in the position maintenance means and has arranged either of a color filter, a liquid crystal, or both, in this window.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 24 has the same effects as claim 17 and claim 18. The reflector of discretionary colors is obtained by discretionarily choosing the color of the color filter arranged at a window.
The invention of claim 25 is a radiation device (it is hereafter described as a generator) of electromagnetic waves using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave generating body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic wave generating body which emits electromagnetic waves is provided in the focal length of the dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the generating body at the focal length of the dielectric lens, and the position maintenance means comprises a cylindrical container and a maintenance mechanism. The cylindrical container is formed by a member transparent to electromagnetic waves, and it has an inside diameter or an outer diameter equal to a focal length, and forms a hollow inside that can store two or more dielectric lenses, and this cylindrical container includes a dielectric lens. A maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of a cylindrical container and each dielectric lens so that a cylindrical container may be located along the focal length of each dielectric lens.
Since it constituted in this way, according to the invention of claim 25, a generator of the long band electromagnetic waves having a pre-desired length can be manufactured. If this generator is installed on a road, this generator can be used as a road sign which does not need a supply of electric power in the form of a power supply and which emits electromagnetic waves. Since this generator does not need a power supply, once it is installed, it can be used semi-perpetually. Therefore, this generator can also be installed in places in which an electric supply line is not installed, such as a mountain range and a desert, as a road sign or a guide marker. A temporary runway can be easily be prepared by installing as the guide light also at a place without an airport. When using this generator as a radar apparatus, it can be used also as a marker for guiding a movable body or the like automatically.
The invention concerning claim 26 is a radiation device of electromagnetic waves using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave generating body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The generating body which emits electromagnetic waves is provided in the focal length of this dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the generating body at the focal length of the dielectric lens, and the position maintenance means comprises a maintenance mechanism that carries out position maintenance of the dielectric lens, and a cylindrical case which includes the dielectric lens. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric lens so that the generating body may be located along the focal length of a dielectric lens. One end of the case has a maintenance mechanism, the other end of the case is either opened wide or is covered with a cover object formed by the member transparent to electromagnetic waves.
Since it constituted in this way, when using the generator of the invention of claim 26 as a radar apparatus, it can be used as a marker for automatic guidance of a movable body or the like. It can be used also as a brake light for movable bodies, such as a car. If two or more generators are arranged in the case, a large-sized generator can be constructed. Since the dielectric lens is strongly fixed in the case, destruction, damage, mechanical modification, etc., do not occur.
The invention of claim 27 is a radiation device of electromagnetic waves using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, a magnetic wave generating body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The generating body which emits electromagnetic waves is provided in the focal length of the dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the generating body at the focal length of the dielectric lens, and the position maintenance means comprises a cylindrical container and a maintenance mechanism. The cylindrical container is formed by a member transparent to electromagnetic waves, and it has an inside diameter or an outer diameter equal to a focal length, and forms a hollow inside that can store two or more dielectric lenses, and this cylindrical container includes a dielectric lens. And the maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of a cylindrical container and each dielectric lens so that a cylindrical container may be located along the focal length of each dielectric lens. In the generating side of the generating body, either of a color filter, a liquid crystal, or both, are arranged.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 27 has the same effects as that of claim 25. When the generating body of this generator is a light source, a generator that emits a predetermined color light is obtained.
The invention of claim 28 is a radiation device of electromagnetic waves using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave generating body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The generating body that emits electromagnetic waves is provided in the focal length of the dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the generating body at the focal length of the dielectric lens, and the position maintenance means comprises a maintenance mechanism that carries out position maintenance of the dielectric lens, and a cylindrical case that includes a dielectric lens. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric lens so that the generating body may be located along the focal length of the dielectric lens. One end of the case has a maintenance mechanism, the other end of the case is opened wide or the other end of the case is covered with a cover object formed by a member transparent to electromagnetic waves.
In the generating side of the generating body, either a color filter, or liquid crystal, or both, are arranged.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 28 has the same effects as that of claim 26. When the generating body of the generator is a light source, a generator that emits discretionary color light is obtained.
In the invention of claim 25 and claim 28, the invention of claim 29 is a generator using the dielectric lens which has allocated a solar cell used as a power supply, when the liquid crystal has been arranged to the generating side of a generating body.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 29 has the same effects as that of claim 25 and claim 28. Since electric power is supplied from a solar cell, the power supply for the liquid crystals of this generator does not need a special power supply, but once it is installed, it can be semi-perpetually used.
In the invention of claim 25-claim 26, the invention of claim 30 is a generator using the dielectric lens, this generator arranges a shade cap for a position maintenance means, and the shade cap intercepts the sun rays irradiated by the dielectric lens.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 30 has the same effects as claim 25-claim 26. Since the sun rays irradiated by the dielectric lens with a shade cap are covered, this generator can avoid convergence of the sun rays by the dielectric lens on the surface of the position maintenance means arranged at the focal length of the dielectric lens. Therefore, since the position maintenance means is not heated, the generator is safe.
In the invention of claim 25-claim 26, the invention concerning claim 31 is a generator using the dielectric lens, for the position maintenance means of this generator, light scattering material is provided instead of a shade cap, this light scattering material is formed with material which has light scattering characteristics.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 31 has the same effects as that of claim 25-claim 26. Since sun rays are scattered by light scattering material, convergence of the sun rays to the focus by a dielectric lens is avoidable. Therefore, since the position maintenance means that carries out position maintenance of the generating body at the focal length of the dielectric lens is not heated, the generator is safe.
The invention of claim 32 is a radiation device of electromagnetic waves using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave generating body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The generating body that emits electromagnetic waves is provided in the focal length of the dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the generating body at the focal length of the dielectric lens, and the position maintenance means comprises a maintenance mechanism that carries out position maintenance of the dielectric lens, and a cylindrical case that includes the dielectric lens. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric lens so that the generating body may be located along the focal length of a dielectric lens. One end of the case has a maintenance mechanism, the other end of the case is opened wide or the other end of the case is covered with a cover object formed by the member transparent to electromagnetic waves. A window is provided in the position maintenance means, and in this window, either a color filter, or a liquid crystal, or both are arranged.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 32 has the same effects as that of claim 26. A generator of discretionary colors is obtained by discretionarily choosing the color of the color filter arranged at the window of the generator.
The invention of claim 33 is a traffic signal using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave reflecting body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic wave reflecting body is provided at the focal length of the dielectric lens.
The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the reflecting body at the focal length of the dielectric lens. In the reflective surface of this reflecting body, a color filter of three kinds of colors is arranged, respectively. A rolling mechanism is arranged for a position maintenance means, and this rolling mechanism rotates three reflecting bodies by setting an axis of rotation at a perpendicular direction. A solar cell that supplies a power is arranged in this rolling mechanism.
Since it is constituted in this way, a power supply is perpetually supplied to the traffic signal of the invention of claim 33 from sun rays. Since the usual power supply is not needed, this traffic signal can be used semi-perpetually as a traffic signal, once it is installed. Therefore, this traffic signal can be installed in places such as inside of a mountain, and in a desert. An temporary traffic signal and a temporary runway can be easily prepared by installing this traffic signal also at a place without a road or an airport. When operating vehicles automatically with a radar installation carried in vehicles, this traffic signal can be used as a reflector for operational control. Since a solar cell is used for this traffic signal, it does not need supply of electric power from a general power supply, and can be semi-perpetually operated as a traffic signal. Therefore, once it is installed as a traffic signal, subsequently the cost of a keeping a traffic signal will become eliminated and a very cheap traffic signal will be obtained.
The invention concerning claim 34 is a traffic signal using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave reflecting body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic wave reflecting body is provided in the focal length of the dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the reflecting body at the focal length of the dielectric lens. In the reflective surface of this reflecting body, a color filter of three kinds of colors is arranged. The rolling mechanism is arranged with regard to the position maintenance means, and this rolling mechanism rotates three reflecting bodies along an axis of rotation having a perpendicular direction. The solar cell that supplies a power is arranged in this rolling mechanism. A reflecting body that has a slit, or a reflecting body that has metal pieces arranged separated from one another is used for the reflecting body.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 35 has the same effects as the invention of claim 33. The distance from a traffic signal can also be measured with a radar installation carried in vehicles.
The invention of claim 35 is a traffic signal using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave reflecting body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic wave reflecting body is provided in the focal length of the dielectric lens.
The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the reflecting body at the focal length of the dielectric lens. In the reflective surface of the reflecting body, a color filter of three kinds of colors is arranged. A rolling mechanism is provided as a position maintenance means, this rolling mechanism rotates three reflecting bodies by setting the axis of rotation in a perpendicular direction. A solar cell which supplies a power supply is arranged with regard to this rolling mechanism. This traffic signal provides a shade cap for a position maintenance means, and this shade cap intercepts the sun rays irradiated by the dielectric lens.
Since it is constituted in this way, the invention of claim 35 has the same effects as an invention according to claim 33. Since the sun rays irradiated by the dielectric lens with a shade cap are covered, this traffic signal can avoid convergence of the electromagnetic waves to the focus of the dielectric lens. Therefore, it is safe, without heating the traffic signal.
The invention concerning claim 36 is a traffic signal using the dielectric lens comprising a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave reflecting body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. An electromagnetic wave reflecting body is provided at the focal length of the dielectric lens.
The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the reflecting body at the focal length of the dielectric lens. In the reflective surface of the reflecting body, a color filter of three kinds of colors is arranged. A rolling mechanism is arranged as a position maintenance means, and this rolling mechanism rotates three reflecting bodies by setting an axis of rotation in a perpendicular direction. A solar cell that supplies a power is arranged in this rolling mechanism. A window is provided in the position maintenance means and either a color filter, or a liquid crystal, or both are arranged in this window.
Since it constituted in this way, the invention of claim 36 has the same effects as an invention according to claim 33. The traffic signal having not only the colors of a traffic signal for road traffic, but also any discretionary colors, is obtained by choosing, as desired, the color of the color filter arranged at the window of this traffic signal.
The invention relates to a device using a dielectric lens, comprising a dielectric lens, a dielectric shell, and a maintenance mechanism. In a preferred illustrative embodiment of the present invention, dielectric member that forms a dielectric lens has small dielectric loss, the dielectric member is transparent to electromagnetic waves, and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric member is 3.5 or less. Preferrably, the dielectric member that forms a dielectric shell has small dielectric loss, and the dielectric member is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The inside of the dielectric shell is formed hollow and the radius of one surface of this hollow inside has a radius equal to the focal length of a dielectric lens.
The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric shell and dielectric lens so that it may be in the state including that the dielectric lens is in the internal central part of the dielectric shell and the dielectric shell may be located in the position meeting the focal length. The device using the dielectric lens may have an electromagnetic wave reflecting body and an electromagnetic wave receiving section for receiving electromagnetic waves provided along the focal length of the dielectric lens. In the device using a dielectric lens, the thickness of the dielectric shell including the dielectric lens is formed with polycarbonate resin of 3 mm or less, or is formed with acrylic resin of 3 mm or less. A dielectric len is formed with polystyrene resin transparent to electromagnetic waves.
A device (hereafter described as a reflector) reflects the electromagnetic waves using the dielectric lens, and comprises a dielectric lens, a reflecting body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The reflecting body is provided in the focal length of the dielectric lens.
The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the electromagnetic wave reflecting body at the focal length of the dielectric lens. The position maintenance means is related to a dielectric shell and a maintenance mechanism. The dielectric shell has an inside diameter or an outer diameter equal to a focal length, and forms a hollow inside that can store a dielectric lens with a member transparent to electromagnetic waves, and this dielectric shell includes a dielectric lens. The maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the dielectric shell and the dielectric lens so that the dielectric shell may be located along the focal length of a dielectric lens. In the reflective surface of the reflecting body, either a color filter, or a liquid crystal, or both are arranged. The reflector may be provided with a solar cell for liquid crystals.
The reflector using the dielectric lens comprises a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave reflecting body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic reflecting body is provided in the focal length of the dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the reflecting body at the focal length of the dielectric lens. And the position maintenance means comprises a cylindrical container and a maintenance mechanism. The cylindrical container is formed by a member transparent to electromagnetic waves, has the inside diameter or outer diameter of a dielectric lens equal to a focal length, and forms an inside hollow that can store two or more dielectric lenses. The cylindrical container includes a dielectric lens. A maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of a cylindrical container and each dielectric lens so that the cylindrical container may be located along the focal length of each dielectric lens.
A reflector using the dielectric lens is associated with a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave reflecting body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens of this reflector is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The reflecting body is provided in the focal length of this dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of that reflecting body at the focal length of a dielectric lens. The electric control reflecting body that can control electromagnetic waves is provided in a reflecting body. The solar cell used as a power supply is allocated in an electric control reflecting body. The reflector using the dielectric lens may be arranged with a shade cap that intercepts the sun rays reflected by the dielectric lens for position maintenance means. A heating prevention type reflector may be formed by light scattering material instead of a shade cap.
A radiation device (it is hereafter described as a generator) of electromagnetic waves using the dielectric lens comprises a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave generating body, and a position maintenance means.
The dielectric lens of this generator is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic wave generating body, which emits electromagnetic waves, is provided in the focal length of the dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the generating body at the focal length of a dielectric lens. And the position maintenance means comprises a cylindrical container and a maintenance mechanism. The cylindrical container is formed by a member transparent to electromagnetic waves, and it has an inside diameter or an outer diameter equal to a focal length, and forms an inside hollow that can store two or more dielectric lenses, and this cylindrical container includes a dielectric lens. A maintenance mechanism carries out position maintenance of the cylindrical container and each dielectric lens so that the cylindrical container may be located along the focal length of each dielectric lens.
The generator of electromagnetic waves using the dielectric lens is arranged with either a color filter, or a liquid crystal, or both on the generating side of a generating body in the generator. The generator of electromagnetic waves using the dielectric lens is provided with a shade cap which intercepts sun rays to the dielectric lens that has a position maintenance means. The generator of electromagnetic waves using the dielectric lens is allocated with light scattering material instead of the shade cap.
A traffic signal using the dielectric lens comprises a dielectric lens, an electromagnetic wave reflecting body, and a position maintenance means. The dielectric lens is transparent to electromagnetic waves. The magnetic wave reflecting body is provided at the focal length of the dielectric lens. The position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the reflecting body at the focal length of the dielectric lens. In the reflective surface of the reflecting body, a color filter of three kinds of colors is arranged, respectively. For a position maintenance means, a rolling mechanism is further provided. This rolling mechanism rotates three reflecting bodies by setting the axis of rotation in a perpendicular direction. A solar cell that supplies a power is arranged associated with this rolling mechanism.
The inventors propose various devices using the dielectric lens. The device using the dielectric lens can be used throughout the electromagnetic spectrum.
In particular, it can be used for the light wave band, not to mention the radio wave band. It has transparent omnidirectionality to electromagnetic waves. Subsequently, the inventors propose various devices regarding the applicable field of the device using these dielectric lenses. Hereafter, the 1st embodiment of this invention is explained in detail based on
In short, as long as the shape of the dielectric lens is a shape that can converge electromagnetic waves on a focal point, it may be that shape.
In
In this embodiment, dielectric lens 52 is formed in a spherical form as a transparent dielectric member with small dielectric loss using transparent polystyrene resin.
When electromagnetic waves (radio waves and light waves) pass the dielectric lens, they are refracted, and they converge on focus F. In this embodiment, since the whole is a transparent sphere, dielectric lens 52 has omnidirectionality not only to the radio wave band but also to the light wave band.
Here, in order to find out the dielectric member, which can be used as a dielectric lens, the inventors analyzed the effect of the difference in specific inductive capacity by the optical ray tracing method using two or more dielectric lenses formed by the dielectric member from which specific inductive capacity differs, respectively. The results of the analysis are shown in
Dielectric shell 53 is formed in a spherical form which has space on the inside using a transparent dielectric member with small dielectric loss. The radius of the inner surface of a sphere of dielectric shell 53 or the outer surface of a sphere of dielectric shell 53, i.e., the radius of one surface of the sphere of dielectric shells 53, is equal to focal length R of dielectric lens 52. And dielectric lens 52 is arranged so that it is fixed to the internal central part of this dielectric shell 53 by maintenance mechanism 54. One surface of a sphere of dielectric shell 53 is positioned by maintenance mechanism 54 so that it may be located along focal length R of dielectric lens 52.
In the case of this embodiment, shown in
55 is a reflecting body that reflects electromagnetic waves. Dielectric shell 53 is positioned at focal length R of dielectric lens 52. Reflecting body 55 is arranged and positioned at either the inner surface of the sphere of this dielectric shell 53, or the outer surface of the sphere. 58 is a shade cap. Since dielectric shell 53 is arranged at focal length R of dielectric lens 52, when dielectric lens device 51 is used with the light wave band, it converges light on the surface (focus F) of dielectric shell 53 with dielectric lens 52, and dielectric shell 53 is heated. Therefore, this shade cap 58 is for intercepting the sun rays from the upper part.
Electromagnetic wave receiving section 59 (refer to
In focal length R of dielectric lens 52, a reflecting body may be arranged with an electromagnetic wave receiving section. In this case, a dielectric lens device that has a reflective function and a receiving function is obtained.
As shown in
In
In order to find out the relation between the dielectric member optimal for use as dielectric shell 53, and the board thickness of the dielectric member, the inventors performed various kinds of measurements. As a dielectric member, two kinds of resin, polycarbonate resin and acrylic resin were adopted. Each sample (of thickness 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, and 3.5 mm) was used for the board thickness of dielectric shell 53, respectively. For each sample, the transmission loss of the electromagnetic waves that enter into dielectric lens device 51 was measured. The varied parameter is the frequency of the electromagnetic waves. The result is shown in
Dielectric shell 53 was formed using polycarbonate resin as the dielectric member of dielectric shell 53. Transmission loss was measured in each case where the board thickness of each sample is 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, and 3.5 mm, respectively. A varied parameter was the frequency of electromagnetic waves. The result is shown in
When the result of a measurement shown in
Subsequently, the inventors formed dielectric shell 53 like the above, using acrylic resin as a dielectric member of dielectric shell 53. Transmission loss was measured where the material thickness of each sample is 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, and 3.5 mm. The result is shown in
When the result of a measurement shown in
In the 2nd embodiment of this invention, the problem in the case of using dielectric lens device 51 with the light wave band is solved. This is explained using
Since dielectric shell 53 has been arranged in focal length R of dielectric lens 52 in the case of Embodiment 1, when dielectric lens device 51 is used in the light wave band, it converges light on the surface of dielectric shell 53 with dielectric lens 52, and there is a problem that dielectric shell 53 is heated. When there is little receiving energy of light, it seldom becomes a problem, but it becomes a problem when the receiving energy is large.
The polarization of actual sun rays is quite complicated. Thus, as shown in
Then, if aperture plane effectiveness sets the focal position to a (distance at which 50% of incidence energies accumulates for a specific area) which is about 50% as shown in
As shown in
In the case of the 1st and 2nd embodiments, dielectric shells 53 and 63 are formed in a spherical form of monolayer structure. In the case of the 3rd embodiment, dielectric shell 73 is formed in a multi-layered structure of a concentric circle between which gap 77 is disposed. Hereafter, this is explained.
As shown in
If a dielectric shell is irradiated and the optical path inside the dielectric shell is seen as shown in
The 4th embodiment of this invention forms still further a transparent dielectric coating 57 on the surface of the dielectric shell. Hereafter, it is explained based on
As shown in
Subsequently, as shown in
The inventors considered as follows the relationship between the specific inductive capacity of a dielectric coating, and the transmissivity of the electromagnetic waves that pass through these dielectrics. That is, if light enters into the border plane of the medium by which refractive indices differ, a part of the light will be reflected, and the remaining light will refract and transmit. Then, when a dielectric coating is coated on the surface of a dielectric shell, the inside of the dielectric shell, or both sides of the dielectric shell, the reflectance and transmissivity of light at the time of passing through the border plane of the dielectric coating and dielectric shell, which differ in dielectric constant, are considered.
As shown in
n1 sin α=n2 sin β (1)
However, the angle of reflection is equal to the incidence angle.
Regarding the electric vector of the incident light wave, the component which enters perpendicularly, the component of the reflected wave, and the component of the transmitted wave are made into Es, Es′, Es″, and Ep, Ep′, and Ep″ to the entrance plane (plane containing incident light and a normal line), respectively. The same may be said of a magnetic vector and the component of the incident wave which enters perpendicularly, the component of the reflected wave, and the component of the transmitted wave are made into Hs, Hs′, Hs″ and Hp, Hp′, and Hp″ to the entrance plane (plane containing incident light and a normal line) of the magnetic vector of light, respectively.
First, when an E vector enters perpendicularly to an entrance plane, as shown in
Es+Es′=Es″ (2)
On the other hand, as shown in
Hp cos α−Hp′ cos α=Hp″ cos β (3)
The relation of the size of an E vector and an H vector is decided from characteristic impedance Z1 and Z2 of a medium. Therefore, it becomes the following formula.
It will become formula (6) if formulae (4) and (5) are substituted for formula (3).
By using formula (5) and formula (3), the amplitude ratio (amplitude reflectance) of an incident wave and a reflected wave and the amplitude ratio (amplitude transmittance) of an incident wave and a transmitted wave serve as formula (7) and formula (8) from
Here, since it is (α=β=0), Z1′=Z1, and Z2′=Z2 when an incidence angle is 0, a formula (7) and a formula (8) turn into the following formulae (9) and (10), respectively.
In the case of vertical incidence, since distinction of polarization direction is lost, subscript s is omitted.
Here, specific inductive capacity of the dielectric shell is set to ∈k. Specific inductive capacity of the dielectric coating is set to ∈r. Since the specific inductive capacity of air is 1, when not forming a dielectric coating in a dielectric shell, amplitude transmittance Tk is expressed by following formula (11).
The explanation is omitted regarding an intermediate conversion type.
On the other hand, when a dielectric coating is provided on both sides of the dielectric shell, amplitude transmittance Tk is expressed with a following formula (12).
If a middle value with the dielectric constant of air and the dielectric constant of a dielectric shell, i.e., the value of specific-inductive-capacity ∈k of the dielectric shell and specific-inductive-capacity ∈r of a dielectric coating, was set to 1<∈r<∈k, it became clear that the transmission property was improved. In the case of specific-inductive-capacity ∈k=3 of a dielectric shell, the relation between specific-inductive-capacity ∈r of dielectric coating 57 and the transmissivity of the electromagnetic waves which pass through this dielectric coating 57 is shown in
The 5th embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail with reference to
In the case of this fifth embodiment, dielectric lens 2 is formed in a spherical form using polystyrene resin as a transparent dielectric member with small dielectric loss.
Therefore, when electromagnetic waves (radio waves and light waves) pass the dielectric lens formed in this way, they are refracted, and the lens converges them on focus F.
Since the whole dielectric lens 2 is a transparent spherical form, it has omnidirectionality to electromagnetic waves. That is, it has omnidirectionality not only to the radio wave band but also to the light wave band. In the case of Embodiment 5, dielectric lens 2 is formed in a spherical form using the transparent dielectric member. The specific inductive capacity of this dielectric member is 3.5 or less.
Dielectric shell 3 is formed by a transparent member, i.e., a dielectric member of small dielectric loss, transparent to electromagnetic waves, and the inside is formed in a hollow spherical form. The radius of the inside of dielectric shell 3 or the radius of the external surface of dielectric shell 3, i.e., the radius of one surface of a sphere of dielectric shells 3, is formed in a spherical form which serves as a radius equal to focal length R of dielectric lens 2.
A position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the reflecting body 4 at focal length R of dielectric lens 2, and has an inside diameter or an outer diameter equal to focal length R. This position maintenance means comprises dielectric shell 3 and maintenance mechanism 6. This dielectric shell 3 is formed by a member transparent to electromagnetic waves, and is formed in a hollow inside that can store dielectric lens 2. Maintenance mechanism 6 can carry out position maintenance of the dielectric shell 3 and dielectric lens 2 so that this dielectric shell 3 may be in the state that has dielectric lens 2 and dielectric shell 3 located along focal length R.
As shown in
Electromagnetic reflecting body 4 is arranged and positioned on the surface of a sphere of either the inside of dielectric shell 3, or the external surface of dielectric shell 3. Dielectric shell 3 is located in focal length R of dielectric lens 2. Color filter 5 is arranged in the reflective surface of reflecting body 4. Reflected light turns into the same light as the color of color filter 5. Therefore, if color filter 5 of three colors of red, blue, and yellow is arranged with regard to the reflective surface of reflecting body 4 established in three dielectric lenses 2, respectively, a passivity type reflector of three colors will be formed. If the reflector of these three colors is controlled by a signal which controls a traffic signal, the reflector of three colors can be used as a passivity type traffic signal.
Instead of a color filter, a liquid crystal may be arranged in the reflective surface of a reflecting body, or both a color filter and a liquid crystal may be arranged with regard to it. As shown in
A window is provided in a position maintenance means (this embodiment relates to dielectric shell 3). And in the window, either a color filter or a liquid crystal or both may be arranged. In this case, a reflector which has a coloring function to reflect desired colors is obtained by choosing the color of the color filter or liquid crystal as desired. Since a power supply is not usually needed, the reflector that has this coloring function can be semi-perpetually used, once it is installed. If a solar cell (for example, solar cell 21 shown in
The 6th embodiment of this invention is explained in detail with reference to
In the sixth embodiment, a position maintenance means carries out position maintenance of the reflecting body at focal length R of dielectric lens 2, and this position maintenance means comprises cylindrical container 11 and the maintenance mechanism that carries out position maintenance of the cylindrical container 11 and each dielectric lens 2. The cylindrical container 11 is formed by a member transparent to electromagnetic waves. The inside diameter or outer diameter of cylindrical container 11 is equal to focal length R of dielectric lens 2, and the inside of cylindrical container 11 forms a hollow inside that can store two or more dielectric lenses. The maintenance mechanism is disposed to carry out position maintenance of cylindrical container 11 and each dielectric lens 2. Cylindrical container 11 is disposed so that dielectric lens 2 is included, and position maintenance of the reflecting body 14 is carried out so that it may be located along focal length R of each dielectric lens 2.
Cylindrical container 11 is formed cylindrically by a member transparent to electromagnetic waves, the inside hollow, and the lower end closed at the flat bottom 11a. Inside cylindrical container 11, two or more dielectric lenses 2 are stored. The maintenance mechanism (not shown) which carries out position maintenance of cylindrical container 11 and each dielectric lens 2 is established so that reflecting body 14 may be positioned along focal length R of each dielectric lens 2 stored inside cylindrical container 11. The upper end of this cylindrical container 11 is covered by cap part 11b which can be opened and closed freely. If each of bottom 11a and cap part 11b of cylindrical container 11 are members transparent to electromagnetic waves, bar reflector 10 will be obtained.
Since it is formed in this way, bar reflector 10 of arbitrary length can be formed with a number of the reflectors stored inside cylindrical container 11. Bar reflector 10 of the color desired can be formed with color filter 15 arranged on the reflective surface of reflecting body 14. If bottom 11a of bar reflector 10 is made to include a weight, bar reflector 10 can be stabilized. Therefore, this bar reflector 10 can be semi-perpetually used also as a road sign laid on a road without supply of electric power. It is further possible that weight is not put into bottom 11a of bar reflector 10, and if cylindrical container 11, the dielectric lens which it has inside, and reflecting body 14 are made into a portable size and a portable handle is attached to bottom 11a, they are usable for traffic control and the like, and also usable as a passivity type guidance rod. At a place without an airport, a temporary runway can be prepared easily. When using it for a radar apparatus and guiding a movable body and the like automatically, it can be used as a passivity type marker.
This embodiment describes the case where a color filter is arranged with regard to the reflective surface of the reflecting body. However, in the reflective surface of the reflecting body, even if a liquid crystal is provided or both a color filter and a liquid crystal are provided, the same effect arises.
In order to prevent dielectric shell 3 from being heated by converging sun rays on the surface of dielectric shell 3 with dielectric lens 2, shade cap 31 for intercepting sun rays may be formed as a bar reflector. Instead of shade cap 31, light scattering material, for example, a prism, may be provided.
Like the fifth embodiment, a window may be provided in a position maintenance means (this embodiment relates to dielectric shell 3), and either a color filter or a liquid crystal or both may be arranged in this window. In this case, a bar reflector which has the ability to reflect arbitrary colors is obtained by choosing the color of a color filter or a liquid crystal arbitrarily. Usually, since a bar reflector does not need a power supply, once it is installed, it can be used semi-perpetually. In a bar reflector, if a solar cell (for example, solar cell 21 shown in
The 7th embodiment of this invention is explained with reference to
In the seventh embodiment, a position maintenance means positions a reflecting body to focal length R of dielectric lens 2. This position maintenance means comprises maintenance mechanism 6 which carries out position maintenance of dielectric shell 3, this dielectric shell 3, and the dielectric lens 2. Dielectric shell 3 has an inside diameter or an outer diameter equal to focal length R, is formed by a member transparent to electromagnetic waves, and is formed with a hollow inside that can store dielectric lens 2. Maintenance mechanism 6 is disposed to carry out position maintenance of dielectric shell 3 and the dielectric lens 2. This maintenance mechanism 6 is disposed to carry out position maintenance of the dielectric shell 3 and dielectric lens 2 so that dielectric lens 2 and dielectric shell 3 may be located along focal length R.
In the case of the seventh embodiment as well as the case of the fifth embodiment, maintenance mechanism 6 (
Solar cell 21 is arranged on the inside or the outside of dielectric shell 3. Either the inner surface of a sphere of dielectric shell 3 or the outer surface of a sphere of dielectric shell 3 is located in the focal length of dielectric lens 2. Light sources 22a, such as electric control reflecting body 22 or an LED, are arranged and positioned by either this inner surface of the sphere or outer surface of the sphere. Either electric control reflecting body 22 or light source 22a are constructed so that electric power may be supplied by solar cell 21.
Since it is constructed in this way, when electric control reflecting body 22 is provided, reflector 20, which has an electric control function, can transmit an electric control signal. Therefore, reflector 20 can be used as a range marker as radio wave LGTs, such as ground and marine. When light sources, such as LEDs, are arranged at reflector 20 that has an electric control function, it can be used as a sign on the ground or a marine semipermanent light, or similarly, as a range marker. Reflector 20 which has an electric control function can be installed in any number of places, such as in the mountains or in a desert. Even if it is a place without an airport, by arranging reflector 20 that has an electric control function, a temporary runway can be prepared easily. When using reflector 20 which has an electric control function for a radar apparatus, reflector 20 can be used as a marker for automatic guidance.
Like the case of each above-mentioned embodiment, a color filter may be arranged in the reflective surface of the reflecting body of reflector 20 that has an electric control function, or a liquid crystal may be provided instead of a color filter, or both a color filter and a liquid crystal may be provided. For a position maintenance means of reflector 20 to have an electric control function, a window may be provided, and either a color filter or a liquid crystal may be arranged in this window, or both may be arranged there. In this case, the reflector which has the ability to reflect desired colors is obtained by choosing as desired the color of a color filter and the color of a liquid crystal that are provided. Usually, reflector 20 which has an electric control function does not need a power supply. Therefore, once the reflector 20 is installed, it can be used semi-perpetually. All have the same effect.
The eighth embodiment of this invention is explained based on
Since dielectric shell 3 is arranged along focal length R of dielectric lens 2, when dielectric lens 2 is used with the light wave band, it converges sun rays on the surface of dielectric shell 3 with dielectric lens 2, and there is a problem that dielectric shell 3 is heated. When receiving energy is small, it seldom becomes a problem, but when receiving energy is large, dielectric shell 3 is heated and it becomes a problem.
Then, in this embodiment, as shown in
Since sun rays are scattered about when light scattering material is provided instead of shade cap 31 (for example, when a prism has been provided), dielectric shell 3 is not heated and it is safe.
The reflector of this embodiment is constructed by disposing a reflecting body in the focal length of a dielectric lens. Then, if the electromagnetic wave generating body is provided instead of a reflecting body, a generator of electromagnetic waves using a dielectric lens will be obtained.
The ninth embodiment of this invention is explained based on
Reflecting body 34a with a slit is formed in focal length R of dielectric lens 2 as reflecting body 34 the reflects the signal converged on the focus. Alternately reflecting body 34b is formed in focal length R of dielectric lens 2. This reflecting body 34b is formed by providing metal pieces separated by a predetermined distance.
When reflecting bodies 34a and 34b are formed in the above shape, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the movable body side are reflected by reflecting body 34. So, in the movable body side, by measuring the time until it receives this reflected electromagnetic wave, the distance between one's self and the position in which reflector 30 is installed can be determined.
The information coded on the electromagnetic waves reflected by reflecting body 34 according to the arrangement state of the slit of reflecting body 34a with a slit can be added. For example, the information added to this reflective electromagnetic wave may be the identification information of reflector 30 that made the position known. In the movable body side, positioning can be performed by receiving the reflective electromagnetic waves of three or more reflectors 30. Thus, reflector 30 that has a positioning function is obtained from the reflective electromagnetic waves from a slit. Since sun rays are covered with shade cap 31, they can avoid convergence of sun rays by a focus of dielectric lens 2 to the surface of dielectric shell 3. Therefore, reflector 30 is safe, without heating dielectric shell 3.
In the case of each above-mentioned embodiment, a color filter may be provided on the reflective surface of the reflecting body, a liquid crystal may be provided instead of a color filter, or both a color filter and a liquid crystal may be provided. A window may be provided in a position maintenance means, and either a color filter, or a liquid crystal or both may be arranged in this window. In this case, a reflector which has a coloring function to reflect arbitrary colors is obtained by choosing a color of a color filter, and likewise a color of a liquid crystal may be selected like each above-mentioned embodiments. Usually, since a power supply is not needed, this reflector can be semi-perpetually used, once it is installed.
If a liquid crystal is used for the reflective surface and window of a reflecting body and a position maintenance means is allocated in a solar cell (for example, solar cell 21 shown in
In the case of each above-mentioned embodiments, all arrange a reflecting body in the focal length of a dielectric lens, and comprise the reflector, but if an electromagnetic wave generating body is arranged instead of a reflecting body, a generator of electromagnetic waves using a dielectric lens will be similarly obtained.
The 10th embodiment of this invention is explained based on
As shown in
Since it is constructed in this way, incidence electromagnetic waves are reflected by reflecting body 44. Therefore, reflector 40 can be used as a small radar reflector or a light reflex machine. It can use also as a reflecting plate currently used with brake lights and tail lights, such as vehicles. Since dielectric lens 2 is held at the state where it fixed strongly, by maintenance mechanism 46 which carries out position maintenance of case 41 and the dielectric lens 2, destruction, damage, mechanical modification, and the like do not arise.
Dielectric lens 2, maintenance mechanism 56 which carries out position maintenance of this dielectric lens 2, and reflecting body 54, as shown in
When the color filter has been provided to the reflective surface of reflecting bodies 44 and 54, reflectors 40 and 50 of the color of the arbitrary small and large-sized sizes which have a coloring function are obtained. In the reflective surface of reflecting bodies 44 and 54, a liquid crystal may be arranged instead of a color filter, and both a color filter and a liquid crystal may be further provided. On the cover object of cases 41 and 51 shown in
When a reflector which has a reflecting body, light sources, such as LEDs, or transmitters which have a transmitting function are installed so that it may be located in the focal length R of the dielectric lens, the device which has a reflective function, a light emitting function, and a transmitting function, respectively, are obtained. Here, when the color filter has been further arranged on the reflective surface of a reflecting body, it can be used as brake lights and tail lights, such as on vehicles.
Although the reflector of this embodiment is comprised by arranging a reflecting body in the focal length of a dielectric lens, if the generating body of electromagnetic waves is arranged instead of a reflecting body, the generator of electromagnetic waves using a dielectric lens will be similarly obtained like the case of each of the above-mentioned embodiments.
In the above-mentioned fifth through tenth embodiments, although the shape of dielectric lens 2 is presented as spherical, it is not limited to this, naturally, a dielectric lens of a hemisphere form may be used instead of a spherical dielectric lens. In this case, the same effect as the case where a spherical dielectric lens is used is obtained. Since occupied volume of the lens is halved, the volumetric efficiency is good.
Here, as an example, as shown in
As shown in
As shown in
In the case of this embodiment, in the reflective surface of a reflecting body, either a color filter, or a liquid crystal, or both, may be arranged like each of the above-mentioned embodiments. A window may be provided in a position maintenance means and either a color filter, or a liquid crystal, or both may be arranged in this window.
In this case, the reflector which has a coloring function to reflect desired colors is obtained by choosing the color of the color filter, or or by choosing a liquid crystal as desired. Usually, since a power supply is not needed, this reflector can be semi-perpetually used, once it is installed. When a liquid crystal is used for the reflective surface or window of a reflecting body, if a solar cell (for example, solar cell 21 shown in
Although the reflector of this embodiment arranges the reflecting body in the focal length of a dielectric lens, if an electromagnetic wave generating body is arranged instead of a reflecting body, the generator of electromagnetic waves using a dielectric lens will be obtained.
The 11th embodiment of this invention is explained with reference to
Reflector 60 is arranged at the center of 4 corners of the intersection. Vehicles 67 (67a-67d) have run or stopped toward the center of 4 the for corners of the intersection. Rolling mechanism 68 is arranged in the bottom of dielectric shell 3. This rolling mechanism 68 rotates reflector 60 with fixed rotational speed by with the axis of rotation as a perpendicular direction. The power supply of rolling mechanism 68 is supplied by solar cell 21. Reflecting body 64 is arranged in the surface of either the inside of dielectric shell 3, or the outside of dielectric shell 3 and is arranged with focal length R of dielectric lens 2. This reflecting body 64 is positioned by maintenance mechanism 6 which carries out position maintenance of the dielectric lens 2.
Reflecting body 64 is comprised by three kinds of reflecting bodies which consist of reflecting bodies 64a which have a blue color filter arranged with regard to the reflective surface, reflecting bodies 64b which have a yellow color filter arranged with regard to the reflective surface, and reflecting bodies 64c which have a red color filter arranged with regard to the reflective surface. In the traffic signal, these reflecting bodies 64a-64c are distributed in order corresponding to an indication rate of the green light, the yellow signal, and the red signal, and if the transition blue->yellow->red is considered one cycle, a single rotation of reflector 60 is distributed so that it occupies two cycles.
In this state, as shown in
By rolling mechanism 68, reflector 60 rotates at a fixed speed which occupies two cycles in one revolution, when the transition green->yellow->red is one cycle. In this embodiment, reflector 60 is rotating clockwise. For example, the light of vehicles 67a will be reflected by each reflecting body in order of reflecting body 64a->64b->64c, if time passes. Therefore, the driver of vehicles 67a can recognize changing lights, with green light->yellow light->red light. The same may be said of other vehicles.
As shown in Embodiment 9, the slit which has the information on a green light, a yellow light, and a red light is provided in reflecting body 64. On the other hand, when each vehicles 67 emit electromagnetic waves and it receives a reflected wave, the information on a green light, a yellow light, and a red light can be obtained from reflective electromagnetic waves. If comprised in this way, when operating automatically with a radar apparatus which a vehicle carries in itself, a traffic signal can be used as a reflector for operational control of a vehicle.
In the case of this embodiment as well as each above-mentioned embodiment, either a color filter, or a liquid crystal, or both may be arranged with regard to a reflective surface of a reflecting body. A window may be provided in a position maintenance means and either a color filter, or a liquid crystal, or both may be arranged in this window. In this case, a reflector which has a coloring function to reflect arbitrary colors is obtained by choosing a color of a color filter or a liquid crystal, as desired. Usually, since this reflector does not need a power supply, once it is installed, it can be used semi-perpetually. When a liquid crystal is used for a reflective surface or a window of a reflecting body, if a solar cell (for example, solar cell 21 shown in
Although a reflector of this embodiment is disposed as a reflecting body in a focal length of a dielectric lens, if an electromagnetic wave generating body is arranged instead of a reflecting body, a traffic signal using a generator of electromagnetic waves will be obtained similarly.
Since the device using the dielectric lens which has the omnidirectionality by this invention does not need a power supply, it is available in spite of being used indoor and in the outdoors. If a device using a dielectric lens is installed in a side wall of a road or the like, it is available as a reflecting plate detectable in a light of vehicles, or a reflecting plate detectable with a radar installation carried in vehicles. A device using a dielectric lens can be used as the guide light of a runway of a district airport. A device using a dielectric lens can be used also as the guide light of a runway of a temporary airport in an area without airports, such as a desert. The device using a dielectric lens can be installed in not only the ground but in a marine buoy, the mast of a vessel, etc., and can be made into a target.
A thing of the form having arranged a dielectric lens in a case provided with a reflecting body can be used also as brake lights and tail lights, such as vehicles. The thing of the form which has arranged a color filter of green, yellow, and red with regard to a reflecting body can use a traffic signal as a reflector for operational control, when operating vehicles automatically with a radar apparatus carried in vehicles. A traffic signal of a simple type using a reflector or a generator can also be constructed.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004-239223 | Aug 2004 | JP | national |
| 2005-010582 | Jan 2005 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/013743 | 7/27/2005 | WO | 00 | 6/29/2009 |
