Patent Application
20100015550
The present invention relates to fill material for use with vias in dual damascene processing.
Dual Damascene (DD) is a process employed in Integrated Circuit (IC) fabrication for forming interconnect structures of copper metal lines and columnar metal via connecting the lines in adjacent layers. There are two types of widely used DD processes in the art. One is the so-called Via-First approach and the other the Trench-First approach. In the Via-First approach, substrate is spin-coated with bottom antireflective coating (BARC) and photoresist. Lithographic processes generate via pattern in the photoresist film. A plasma etch step using resist pattern as a mask cuts through the BARC, cap layer and low k material (inter layer dielectric, ILD) down to etch stop to form via in the ILD. Photoresist and BARC are then stripped. The second BARC coating will not only form a thin film on surface of the substrate but also fully fill the preformed via in the ILD. A photoresist trench pattern is generated by another photolithographic step and similarly transferred into ILD by a plasma etching process. During the second etch process, BARC material should not be completely removed. The material on bottom of via prevents the etch stop layer from being broken through to expose the underlying copper line to reactive etch plasma. Photoresist and BARC are then stripped either through dry (plasma) or wet etch chemistry. A special soft low energy plasma etch is applied to open the etch stop. Bulk copper is then deposited into the structure by an electroplating process. Excess copper on surface of the substrate is removed by a Chemical Mechanic Planarization (CMP) process. A Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) process deposits a thin cap layer on substrate surface to cover the copper lines and finishes the DD process.
In the Trench-First approach, most of the process is similar to those aforementioned for the Via-First approach except for that the formation sequence of the two lithographic patterns are reversed. In the Trench-First approach, a trench pattern is formed by the first lithographic process instead of a via pattern. The trench is transferred into the ILD by a plasma etch step only to a desired depth. Photoresist and BARC materials are stripped, which is followed by a second lithographic process for generating a via pattern. Subsequent processes of etching (cut through the BARC and the ILD but stopping at the etch stop layer), photoresist and BARC stripping, soft etching (etch stop layer opening), copper plating, CMP and CVD generate the same DD structure as from the Via-First approach.
In a typical Dual Damascene process, BARC material can function well for both filling via/trench patterns generated in ILD and planarizing substrate to substrate reflectivity control. However, due to continual scaling of feature size in advanced IC devices, requirements for via/trench filling and reflectivity control need to be satisfied by two different materials, filling and BARC materials.
In advanced DD processes, preparation for a second lithographic process involves a via (Via-First) or trench (Trench-First) pattern filling using a filling material before BARC and photoresist coating. In general, the via or trench is overfilled to make sure all patterns in the substrate are covered. Excess filling material on top of the substrate is removed through either plasma etching or a CMP step before the BARC and resist coatings.
The present invention relates to a novel gap fill material composition for via-filling comprising a polymer having at least one repeating unit of formula (3) and, optionally, one or more repeating units selected from formula (1), formula (2), and/or mixtures thereof
where each of R1, R2 and R4 are individually selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, R3 is selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, or —C(═O)—O—R6, R5 is unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl, −C(═O)—O—R6, —O—R6, where R6 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, or unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl, or R4 and R5 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form
where R6 is as defined above, R7 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl, -(unsubstituted or substituted alkylene)-O-(unsubstituted or substituted aryl), -(unsubstituted or substituted alkylene)-O-(unsubstituted or substituted alkyl), and R8 is a linking group selected from —C(═O)—O—, —O—, —(CH2)h—O—, —O—(CH2)h—, —(CH2)h—, -(unsubstituted or substituted aryl)-O—, -(unsubstituted or substituted aryl)-, —O-(unsubstituted or substituted aryl)-, or R8 and the carbon atom identified as ‘a’ together form a cycloaliphatic ring to which the cyclic ether is fused, and h is 1 to 5; optionally, an epoxy resin having a number average molecular weight Mn ranging from about 500 to about 12,000; and a thermal acid generator. In some instances, the polymer may not contain the repeating units of either formula (1) or formula (2). In other instances, the polymer may contain one or more repeating units of formula (1) and not formula (2); contain one or more repeating units of formula (2) and not formula (1); or contain one or more repeating units of formula (1) and one or more repeating units of formula (2). When the polymer contains repeating units of formulae (3) and (1), the repeating unit of formula (1) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 40 to about 60 mol %, and the repeating unit of formula (3) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 40 to about 60 mol %. When the polymer contains repeating units of formulae (3) and (2), the repeating unit of formula (2) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 40 to about 60 mol %, and the repeating unit of formula (3) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 40 to about 60 mol %. When the polymer contains repeating units of formulae (1), (2), and (3), the repeating unit of formula (1) is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 40 mol %, further from about 10 to about 30 mol %, the repeating unit of formula (2) is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 60 mol %, further from about 30 to about 60 mol %, and the repeating unit of formula (3) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 30 to about 50 mol %.
In some instances, the gap fill material composition will contain a polymer having repeating units of formula (3) together with one or more repeating units of formula (1) and one or more repeating units of formula (2) together with an epoxy resin having a number average molecular weight Mn ranging from about 500 to about 12,000; and a thermal acid generator.
The present invention also relates to a polymer having repeating units of
where each of R1, R2 and R4 are individually selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, R3 is selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, or —C(═O)—O—R6, R5 is unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl, —C(═O)—O—R6, —O—R6, where R6 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, or unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl, or R4 and R5 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form
where R6 is as defined above, R7 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl, -(unsubstituted or substituted alkylene)-O-(unsubstituted or substituted aryl), -(unsubstituted or substituted alkylene)-O-(unsubstituted or substituted alkyl), and R8 is a linking group selected from —C(═O)—O—, —O—, —(CH2)h—O—, —O—(CH2)h—, —(CH2)h—, -(unsubstituted or substituted aryl)-O—, -(unsubstituted or substituted aryl)-, —O-(unsubstituted or substituted aryl)-, or R8 and the carbon atom identified as ‘a’ together form a cycloaliphatic ring to which the cyclic ether is fused, h is 1 to 5, the repeating unit of formula (1) is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 40 mol %, further from about 10 to about 30 mol %, the repeating unit of formula (2) is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 60 mol %, further from about 30 to about 60 mol %, and the repeating unit of formula (3) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 30 to about 50 mol %.
The present invention also relates to a process for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising coating the gap fill material forming composition according to the present invention on a semiconductor substrate having a hole with aspect ratio shown in height/diameter of 1 or more and baking it. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for forming photoresist pattern for use in manufacture of semiconductor device, comprising coating the gap fill material forming composition according to the present invention on a semiconductor substrate having a hole with aspect ratio shown in height/diameter of 1 or more, baking it to form a gap fill material, forming a photoresist layer on the gap fill material, exposing the semiconductor substrate covered with the gap fill material and the photoresist layer to light, and developing the photoresist layer after the exposure to light.
The present invention relates to a novel gap fill material composition for via-filling comprising a polymer having at least one repeating unit of formula (3) and, optionally, one or more repeating units selected from formula (1), formula (2), and/or mixtures thereof
where each of R1, R2 and R4 are individually selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, R3 is selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, or —C(═O)—O—R6, R5 is unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl, —C(═O)—O—R6, —O—R6, where R6 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, or unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl, or R4 and R5 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form
where R6 is as defined above, R7 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl, -(unsubstituted or substituted alkylene)-O-(unsubstituted or substituted aryl), -(unsubstituted or substituted alkylene)-O-(unsubstituted or substituted alkyl), and R8 is a linking group selected from —C(═O)—O—, —O—, —(CH2)h—O—, —O—(CH2)h—, —(CH2)h—, -(unsubstituted or substituted aryl)-O—, -(unsubstituted or substituted aryl)-, —O-(unsubstituted or substituted aryl)-, or R8 and the carbon atom identified as ‘a’ together form a cycloaliphatic ring to which the cyclic ether is fused, and h is 1 to 5; optionally, an epoxy resin having a number average molecular weight Mn ranging from about 500 to about 12,000; and a thermal acid generator. In some instances, the polymer may not contain the repeating units of either formula (1) or formula (2). In other instances, the polymer may contain one or more repeating units of formula (1) and not formula (2); contain one or more repeating units of formula (2) and not formula (1); or contain one or more repeating units of formula (1) and formula (2). When the polymer contains repeating units of formulae (3) and (1), the repeating unit of formula (1) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 40 to about 60 mol %, and the repeating unit of formula (3) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 40 to about 60 mol %. When the polymer contains repeating units of formulae (3) and (2), the repeating unit of formula (2) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 40 to about 60 mol %, and the repeating unit of formula (3) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 40 to about 60 mol %. When the polymer contains repeating units of formulae (1), (2), and (3), the repeating unit of formula (1) is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 40 mol %, further from about 10 to about 30 mol %, the repeating unit of formula (2) is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 60 mol %, further from about 30 to about 60 mol %, and the repeating unit of formula (3) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 30 to about 50 mol %.
In some instances, the gap fill material composition will contain a polymer having repeating units of formula (3) together with one or more repeating units of formula (1) and one or more repeating units of formula (2) together with an epoxy resin having a number average molecular weight Mn ranging from about 500 to about 12,000; and a thermal acid generator.
The present invention also relates to a polymer having repeating units of
where each of R1, R2 and R4 are individually selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, R3 is selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, or —C(═O)—O—R6, R5 is unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl, —C(═O)—O—R6, —O—R6, where R6 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, or unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl, or R4 and R5 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form
where R6 is as defined above, R7 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl, -(unsubstituted or substituted alkylene)-O-(unsubstituted or substituted aryl), -(unsubstituted or substituted alkylene)-O-(unsubstituted or substituted alkyl), and R8 is a linking group selected from —C(═O)—O—, —O—, —(CH2)h—O—, —O—(CH2)h—, —(CH2)h—, -(unsubstituted or substituted aryl)-O—, -(unsubstituted or substituted aryl)-, —O-(unsubstituted or substituted aryl)-, or R8 and the carbon atom identified as ‘a’ together form a cycloaliphatic ring to which the cyclic ether is fused, h is 1 to 5, the repeating unit of formula (1) is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 40 mol %, further from about 10 to about 30 mol %, the repeating unit of formula (2) is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 60 mol %, further from about 30 to about 60 mol %, and the repeating unit of formula (3) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 30 to about 50 mol %.
The present invention also relates to a process for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising coating the gap fill material forming composition according to the present invention on a semiconductor substrate having a hole with aspect ratio shown in height/diameter of 1 or more and baking it. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for forming photoresist pattern for use in manufacture of semiconductor device, comprising coating the gap fill material forming composition according to the present invention on a semiconductor substrate having a hole with aspect ratio shown in height/diameter of 1 or more, baking it to form a gap fill material, forming a photoresist layer on the gap fill material, exposing the semiconductor substrate covered with the gap fill material and the photoresist layer to light, and developing the photoresist layer after the exposure to light.
As mentioned above, the gap fill material composition for via-filling comprises a polymer having at least one repeating unit of formula (3) and optionally one or more repeating units selected from formula (1), formula (2), and/or mixtures thereof. In some instances, the polymer may not contain the repeating units of either formula (1) or formula (2). In other instances, the polymer may contain one or more repeating units of formula (1) and not formula (2); contain one or more repeating units of formula (2) and not formula (1); or contain one or more repeating units of formula (1) and one or more repeating units of formula (2). When the polymer contains repeating units of formulae (3) and (1), the repeating unit of formula (1) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 40 to about 60 mol %, and the repeating unit of formula (3) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 40 to about 60 mol %. When the polymer contains repeating units of formulae (3) and (2), the repeating unit of formula (2) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 40 to about 60 mol %, and the repeating unit of formula (3) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 40 to about 60 mol %. When the polymer contains repeating units of formulae (1), (2), and (3), the repeating unit of formula (1) is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 40 mol %, further from about 10 to about 30 mol %, the repeating unit of formula (2) is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 60 mol %, further from about 30 to about 60 mol %, and the repeating unit of formula (3) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 30 to about 50 mol %. The gap fill material compositions containing the aforementioned polymers have good via fill/low void forming properties when baked at temperatures up to about 250° C. For those instances when the gap fill material compositions are rebaked during secondary processing at temperatures of 300° C. and greater, polymer will preferably contain repeating units of formulae (1), (2), and (3).
Alkyl refers to both straight and branched chain saturated hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, tertiary butyl, dodecyl, and the like.
Examples of the linear or branched alkylene group can have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and include such as, for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene and octylene groups.
Aryl refers to an unsaturated aromatic carbocyclic group of from 6 to 20 carbon atoms having a single ring or multiple condensed (fused) rings and include, but are not limited to, for example, phenyl, tolyl, dimethylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, naphthyl, anthryl and 9,10-dimethoxyanthryl groups.
Aralkyl refers to an alkyl group containing an aryl group. It is a hydrocarbon group having both aromatic and aliphatic structures, that is, a hydrocarbon group in which an alkyl hydrogen atom is substituted by an aryl group, for example, tolyl, benzyl, phenethyl and naphthylmethyl groups.
Cycloalkyl refers to cyclic alkyl groups of from 3 to 50 carbon atoms having a single cyclic ring or multiple condensed (fused) rings. Examples include cyclopropyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, isoboronyl, camphornyl, dicyclopentyl, .alpha.-pinel, tricyclodecanyl, tetracyclododecyl and androstanyl groups. In these monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl groups, the carbon atom may be substituted by a heteroatom such as oxygen atom.
Furthermore, and as used herein, the term “substituted” is contemplated to include all permissible substituents of organic compounds. In a broad aspect, the permissible substituents include acyclic and cyclic, branched and unbranched, carbocyclic and heterocyclic, aromatic and non-aromatic substituents of organic compounds. Illustrative substituents include, for example, those described hereinabove. The permissible substituents can be one or more and the same or different for appropriate organic compounds. For purposes of this invention, the heteroatoms such as nitrogen may have hydrogen substituents and/or any permissible substituents of organic compounds described herein which satisfy the valences of the heteroatoms. This invention is not intended to be limited in any manner by the permissible substituents of organic compounds.
For formula (1), repeating units can be derived from monomers such as styrene, hydroxystyrene, acetoxystyrene, 1-methyl-styrene, N-phenyl maleimide, N-benzyl maleimide, phenyl vinyl ether, vinyl benzoate, vinyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate, and mixtures thereof, and the like, and vinyl ethers, for example, methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, sec-butyl vinyl ether, t-butyl vinyl ether, n-pentyl vinyl ether, t-pentyl vinyl ether, iso-pentyl vinyl ether, sec-pentyl vinyl ether, neopentyl vinyl ether, ethylene glycol vinyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl vinyl ether, octyl vinyl ether, isooctyl vinyl ether, 2-ethylehexyl vinyl ether, 1,4-butanediol vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, and mixtures thereof, and the like.
For formula (2), repeating units can be derived from monomers such as acrylates, for example, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, 2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, ethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate, hydroxyphenyl acrylate, phenoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, and mixtures thereof, and the like, methacrylates, for example, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, sec-butyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol phenyl ether methacrylate, phenoxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, hydroxyphenyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof, and the like, maleates, for example, dimethyl maleate, diethyl maleate, and mixtures thereof, and the like, as well as mixtures of acrylates, methacrylates, maleates, and vinyl ethers. In some instance, the recurring units are selected from methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, and mixtures thereof.
For formula (3), repeating units can be derived from monomers such as glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl vinyl ether, glycidyl allyl ether, p-glycidyloxystyrene, 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene-1,2-epoxide, glycidyl vinyl benzene ether, glycidyloxystyrene, glycidyl butyl acrylate, glycidyl butyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof, and the like.
In some instances, the repeating units of formula (1) and formula (2) are selected from styrene, hydroxystyrene, acetoxystyrene, 1-methyl-styrene, 2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, ethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate, phenoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyphenyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, and mixtures thereof.
When the polymer contains repeating units of formulae (3) and (1), the repeating unit of formula (1) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 40 to about 60 mol %, and the repeating unit of formula (3) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 40 to about 60 mol %. When the polymer contains repeating units of formulae (3) and (2), the repeating unit of formula (2) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 40 to about 60 mol %, and the repeating unit of formula (3) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 40 to about 60 mol %. When the polymer contains repeating units of formulae (1), (2), and (3), the repeating unit of formula (1) is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 40 mol %, further from about 10 to about 30 mol %, the repeating unit of formula (2) is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 60 mol %, further from about 30 to about 60 mol %, and the repeating unit of formula (3) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 mol %, further from about 30 to about 50 mol %.
The polymer used herein can be made using free radical polymerization techniques known to those having ordinary skill in the art.
An optional component of the composition of the invention is an epoxy resin. Examples of epoxy resins include polyglycidyl ethers of polyhydric phenols, epoxy novolacs or similar glycidated polyphenolic resins, polyglycidyl ethers of glycols or polyglycols, and polyglycidyl esters of polycarboxylic acids. Further examples of epoxy resins include bisphenol A epoxy resins, tetramethyl bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins, bisphenol S epoxy resins, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propane epoxy resins, bisphenol M epoxy resins, bisphenol P epoxy resins, bisphenol Z epoxy resins, bisphenol AP epoxy resins, bisphenol E epoxy resins, phenol novolac type epoxy resins, o-cresol novolac type epoxy resins, phthalic acid diglycidyl ester, tetrahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester, hexahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester, p-hydroxybenzoic acid diglycidyl ester, and the like. When used, these epoxy resins may be used alone or in admixture. The epoxy resin can be saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic, and may bear substituents which do not materially/chemically interfere with the curing reaction. The epoxy resin may be monomeric or polymeric, liquid or solid, but is preferably liquid at room temperature. Suitable epoxy resins include glycidyl ethers prepared by reacting epichlorohydrin with a compound containing two hydroxyl groups carried out under alkaline reaction conditions.
Polyglycidyl ethers of polyhydric phenols can be produced, for example, by reacting an epihalohydrin with a polyhydric phenol in the presence of an alkali. Examples of suitable polyhydric phenols include: (2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane) bisphenol-A; tetramethyl bisphenol A (4,4′-isopropylidenebis(2,6-dimethylphenol)), bisphenol F (bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane), bisphenol S (4,4′-sulfonyldephenol), bisphenol M (4,4′-(1,3-phenylenediisopropylidene)bisphenol), bisphenol P (4,4′-(1,4 phenylenediisopropylidene)bisphenol), bisphenol Z (4,4′-cyclohexylidenebisphenol), bisphenol AP (4,4′-(1-phenylethylidene)bisphenol), bisphenol E (4,4′-ethylidenebisphenol), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-tert-butylphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)isobutane; bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)methane; 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-alkylphenyl)ethane, 2,2-bis(3-sec-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-isopropylphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane, α,α′-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,4-diisopropylbenzene, and the like. Suitable polyhydric phenols can also be obtained from the reaction of phenol with aldehydes such as formaldehyde (bisphenol-F) or non symmetrical ketones. Fusion products of these polyglycidyl ethers of polyhydric phenols with phenolic compounds such as bisphenol-A are also suitable as epoxy resins, such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,477,990 and 4,734,468.
The glycidyl ether epoxides resins are generally prepared by the reaction of one mole of a bisphenol type, or other dihydroxyl compound, compound and two moles of epichlorohydrin. In some instances, the bisphenol compounds can be blended, for example bisphenol A and bisphenol F. A blend of Bisphenol F type resin and Bisphenol A type resin, commercially available from Vantico as ARALDITE PY720. Other suitable Bisphenol A/F blends commercially available include EPIKOTE 235, 234 and 238 (Shell), NPEF 185, 198 and 187 (Whyte Chemicals), DER 351, 356 and 352 (Dow), or RUTAPOX 0169 or 0166 (Bakelite). Bisphenol F type resin is available from CVC Specialty Chemicals under the designation 8230E, EPIKOTE 862 (Resolution), or Whyte Chemicals as NPEF 170. Bisphenol-A type resin is commercially available from Resolution Technology as EPON 828, 828EL or 828XA. Another type of epoxy resin is epoxy novolac resin. Epoxy novolac resin is commonly prepared by the reaction of phenolic resin and epichlorohydrin. One example of an epoxy novolac resin is poly(phenyl glycidyl ether)-co-formaldehyde. Examples of the foregoing include
where n is about 2 to about 45.
The molecular weight of the epoxy resin can range from about 500 to about 12,000. The epoxy resin, when present in the composition, ranges from about 0.1 to about 30 wt %.
Another component in the composition of the present invention is a thermal acid generator. The thermal acid generator is generally activated at 90° C. and more preferably at above 120° C., and even more preferably at above 150° C. Examples of thermal acid generators are butane sulfonic acid, triflic acid, nanoflurobutane sulfonic acid, nitrobenzyl tosylates, such as 2-nitrobenzyl tosylate, 2,4-dinitrobenzyl tosylate, 2,6-dinitrobenzyl tosylate, 4-nitrobenzyl tosylate; benzenesulfonates such as 2-trifluoromethyl-6-nitrobenzyl 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate, 2-trifluoromethyl-6-nitrobenzyl 4-nitro benzenesulfonate; phenolic sulfonate esters such as phenyl, 4-methoxybenzenesulfonate; alkyl ammonium salts of organic acids, such as triethylammonium salt of 10-camphorsulfonic acid, and the like, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of solvents for the coating composition include alcohols, esters, glymes, ethers, glycol ethers, glycol ether esters, ketones, cyclic ketones, and mixtures thereof. Examples of such solvents include, but are not limited to, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, ethyl 3-ethoxy-propionate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethyl lactate, and methyl 3-methoxypropionate, and the like, etc. The solvent is typically present in an amount of from about 10 to about 95 weight percent.
Since the composition is coated on top of the substrate and is further subjected to additional processing, it is envisioned that the composition is of sufficiently low metal ion level and purity that the properties of the semiconductor device are not adversely affected. Treatments known in the art can be used to reduce the concentration of metal ions and to reduce particles.
The gap fill material forming composition according to the present invention may contain further rheology controlling agents, adhesion auxiliaries, surfactants, etc., if necessary.
The rheology controlling agents are added mainly aiming at increasing the flowability of the gap fill material forming composition and in particular in the baking step, increasing fill property of the gap fill material forming composition into the inside of holes.
The adhesion auxiliaries are added mainly for the purpose of increasing the adhesion between a substrate, or an anti-reflective coating or a photoresist and a gap fill material formed from a gap fill material forming composition.
The gap fill material forming composition according to the present invention may contain surfactants with view to preventing the occurrence of pinholes or striations and further increasing coatability not to cause surface unevenness.
Dual Damascene (DD) is a process employed in Integrated Circuit (IC) fabrication for forming interconnect structures of copper metal lines and columnar metal via connecting the lines in adjacent layers as shown in
As discussed above, there are two types of widely used DD processes in the art. One is the so-called Via-First approach and the other the Trench-First approach.
For manufacturing large node such as 90 nm of IC devices, a BARC material can function well in both filling via/trench patterns in ILD and suppressing reflectivity for the lithographic processes. However, due to continual scaling of feature size in advanced IC devices, performances of via/trench filling and reflectivity control may need to be carried out by two different materials. Special polymer design and judicious formulation optimization are necessary for via/trench filling material development. In advanced DD processes, preparation for a second lithographic process involves in via (Via-First) or trench (Trench-First) pattern filling using a fill material before BARC and photoresist coating. In general, the via or trench is overfilled to make sure all patterns in the substrate are covered. Excess fill material on top of the substrate is removed through either plasma etching or a CMP step.
The gap fill material forming material forming composition of the present invention is used in a manufacture process of semiconductor devices by using substrate having holes with an aspect ratio shown in height/diameter of 1 or more, particularly in a lithography process of dual damascene process.
In dual damascene process, interconnect trench (trench) and connection hole (via hole) are provided at the same part of a substrate, and copper is utilized as interconnect material for bedding. The substrate used in dual damascene process has holes with an aspect ratio shown in height/diameter of 1 or more, generally 1 to 20. Therefore, it is difficult to fill the holes having the above-mentioned aspect ratio to the narrow parts thereof with any conventional sub-layer material such as anti-reflective coating material or the like, and as the result of it, there was a problem that voids (gaps) are formed in the inside of the holes. In addition, when the conventional sub-layer material is applied on a substrate having holes with a spinner, and then baked, dimples of the sub-layer material are formed at the upper part of the holes, and this causes insufficient flattening property. Consequently, even when a photoresist is applied thereon, an excellent pattern is not obtained due to diffused reflection resulting from unevenness from the lower surface of the photoresist.
On the other hand, by using the gap fill material forming composition of the present invention, a high fill property and flattening property of the gap fill material formed therefrom can be accomplished.
Hereinafter, the utilization of the gap fill material forming composition of the present invention is described.
224.26 g of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, 10.4 g (0.10 mol) of styrene, 17.2 g (0.20 mol) of methyl acrylate and 28.43 g (0.20 mol) of glycidyl methacrylate were charged into a suitably sized flask having a thermometer, a cold water condenser, a mechanical stirrer, an external heating source, and nitrogen source. The materials were stirred under nitrogen atmosphere until dissolved (about 30 minutes) at room temperature (˜25° C.). Then, the temperature of the flask contents was raised to 75° C. While maintaining the temperature at 75° C., 1.56 g (9.5×10−3 mol) of azobisisobutyronitrile was introduced into the flask. After stirring under nitrogen atmosphere at 75° C. for 20 hours, the temperature was raised to 100° C. After maintaining this temperature for 1 hour, the reaction solution was cooled down to room temperature and the reaction mixture was poured into DI water, yielding, by precipitation, a white polymer solid. The white polymer solid was washed and dried under vacuum at 50° C., yielding 57.9 g (>99%). GPC analysis of the resulting polymer showed that it had a number average molecular weight Mn of 11,193 and a weight average molecular weight Mw of 19,050 (in terms of standard polystyrene).
125.4 g of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, 5.2 g (0.05 mol) of styrene, 23.7 g (0.275 mol) of methyl acrylate and 24.9 g (0.175 mol) of glycidyl methacrylate were charged into a suitably sized flask having a thermometer, a cold water condenser, a mechanical stirrer, an external heating source, and nitrogen source. The materials were stirred under nitrogen atmosphere until dissolved (about 30 minutes) at room temperature (˜25° C.). Then, the temperature of the flask contents was raised to 75° C. While maintaining the reaction solution at 75° C., 0.78 g (4.75×10−3 mol) of azobisisobutyronitrile was introduced. After stirring under nitrogen atmosphere at 75° C. for 20 hours, the temperature was raised to 100° C. After maintaining this temperature for 1 hour, the reaction solution was cooled down to room temperature and the reaction mixture was poured into DI water, yielding, by precipitation, yielding a white polymer solid. The white polymer solid was washed and dried under vacuum at 50° C. yielding 53.1 g (99%). GPC analysis of the resulting polymer showed that it had a number average molecular weight Mn of 22,216 and a weight average molecular weight Mw of 36,300 (in terms of standard polystyrene).
242.3 g of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, 25.3 g (0.25 mol) of methyl methacrylate and 35.54 g (0.25 mol) of glycidyl methacrylate were charged into a suitably sized vessel having a thermometer, a cold water condenser, a mechanical stirrer, an external heating source and nitrogen source. The materials were stirred under nitrogen atmosphere until dissolved (about 30 minutes) at room temperature (˜25° C.). Then the temperature of the vessel contents was raised to 75° C. While maintaining the reaction solution at 75° C., 1.56 g (9.5×10−3 mol) of azobisisobutyronitrile was introduced. After stirring under nitrogen atmosphere at 75° C. for 20 hours, the temperature of the reaction solution was cooled down to room temperature and the reaction mixture was poured into DI water, yielding, by precipitation, a white polymer solid. The white polymer solid was washed and dried under vacuum at 50° C., yielding 69.0 g (98.4%) of polymer. GPC analysis of the resulting polymer showed that it had a number average molecular weight Mn of 14,238 and a weight average molecular weight Mw of 26,155 (in terms of standard polystyrene).
228.68 g of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, 20.8 g (0.20 mol) of styrene, 15.0 g (0.15 mol) of methyl methacrylate and 21.3 g (0.15 mol) of glycidyl methacrylate were charged into a suitably sized flask having a thermometer, a cold water condenser, a mechanical stirrer, an external heating source, and nitrogen source. The materials were stirred under nitrogen atmosphere until dissolved (about 30 minutes) at room temperature (˜25° C.). Then the temperature of the flask contents was raised to 75° C. While maintaining the reaction solution at 75° C., 1.56 g (9.5×10−3 mol) of azobisisobutyronitrile was introduced. After stirring under nitrogen atmosphere at 75° C. for 20 hours, the temperature was raised to 100° C. for one hour. The reaction solution was then cooled down to room temperature and the reaction mixture was poured into DI water, yielding, by precipitation, a white polymer solid. The white polymer solid was washed and dried under vacuum at 50° C. yielding 58.6 g (99.8%). GPC analysis of the resulting polymer showed that it had a number average molecular weight Mn of 8117 and a weight average molecular weight Mw of 13,279 (in terms of standard polystyrene).
264.2 g of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, 14.6 g of styrene, 21.6 g of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate and 29.9 g of glycidyl methacrylate were charged into a suitably sized flask having a thermometer, a cold water condenser, a mechanical stirrer, an external heating source, and nitrogen source. The materials were stirred under nitrogen atmosphere until dissolved (about 30 minutes) at room temperature (˜25° C.). Then, the temperature of the flask contents was raised to 75° C. While maintaining the temperature at 75° C., 1.56 g (9.5×10−3 mol) of azobisisobutyronitrile was introduced. After stirring under nitrogen atmosphere at 75° C. for 20 hours, the reaction solution was cooled down to room temperature and the reaction mixture was poured into DI water, yielding, by precipitation, a white polymer solid. The white polymer solid was washed and dried under vacuum at 50° C. yielding 66.0 g (>99%). GPC analysis of the resulting polymer showed that it had a number average molecular weight Mn of 11,942 and a weight average molecular weight Mw of 21,261 (in terms of standard polystyrene).
263.1 g of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, 15.62 g (0.15 mol) of styrene, 28.83 g (0.20 mol) of dimethyl maleate and 21.3 g (0.15 mol) of glycidyl methacrylate were charged into a suitably sized flask having a thermometer, a cold water condenser, a mechanical stirrer, an external heating source, and nitrogen source. The materials were stirred under nitrogen atmosphere until dissolved (about 30 minutes) at room temperature (˜25° C.). Then, the temperature of the flask contents was raised to 75° C. While maintaining the temperature at 75° C., 1.56 g (9.5×10−3 mol) of azobisisobutyronitrile was introduced. After stirring under nitrogen atmosphere at 75° C. for 20 hours, the temperature was raised to 100° C. After maintaining this temperature for 1 hour, the reaction solution was cooled down to room temperature and the reaction mixture was poured into DI water, yielding, by precipitation, a white polymer solid. The white polymer solid was washed and dried under vacuum at 50° C. yielding 36.2 g (55%). GPC analysis of the resulting polymer showed that it had a number average molecular weight Mn of 5273 and a weight average molecular weight Mw of 8722 (in terms of standard polystyrene).
296.7 g of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, 14.58 g (0.14 mol) of styrene, 29.74 g (0.15 mol) of 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate and 29.85 g (0.15 mol) of glycidyl methacrylate were charged into a suitably sized flask having a thermometer, a cold water condenser, a mechanical stirrer, an external heating source, and nitrogen source. The materials were stirred under nitrogen atmosphere until dissolved (about 30 minutes) at room temperature (˜25° C.). Then, the temperature of the flask contents was raised to 75° C. While maintaining the temperature at 75° C., 1.56 g (9.5×10−3 mol) of azobisisobutyronitrile was introduced. After stirring under nitrogen atmosphere at 75° C. for 20 hours, the temperature was raised to 100° C. After maintaining this temperature for 1 hour, the reaction solution was cooled down to room temperature and the reaction mixture was poured into DI water, yielding, by precipitation, a white polymer solid. The white polymer solid was washed and dried under vacuum at 50° C. yielding 74.0 g (99%). GPC analysis of the resulting polymer showed that it had a number average molecular weight Mn of 11767 and a weight average molecular weight Mw of 19797 (in terms of standard polystyrene).
102.5 g of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, 26.03 g (0.25 mol) of styrene and 35.54 g (0.25 mol) of glycidyl methacrylate were charged into a suitably sized flask having a thermometer, a cold water condenser, a mechanical stirrer, an external heating source, and nitrogen source. The materials were stirred under nitrogen atmosphere until dissolved (about 30 minutes) at room temperature (˜25° C.). Then, the temperature of the flask contents was raised to 75° C. While maintaining the temperature at 75° C., 0.78 g (4.75×10−3 mol) of azobisisobutyronitrile was introduced. After stirring under nitrogen atmosphere at 75° C. for 20 hours, the temperature was raised to 100° C. After maintaining this temperature for 1 hour, the reaction solution was cooled down to room temperature and the reaction mixture was poured into DI water, yielding, by precipitation, a white polymer solid. The white polymer solid was washed and dried under vacuum at 50° C. yielding 60.3 g (98%). GPC analysis of the resulting polymer showed that it had a number average molecular weight Mn of 19708 and a weight average molecular weight Mw of 33750 (in terms of standard polystyrene).
0.25 g of the polymer obtained in Synthetic Example 1, 0.06 g of triethylamine salt of nanofluorobutane sulfonic acid (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)) were dissolved in 2.25 g of ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt) to obtain a solution. The solution was heated to 200° C. to cure the polymer and evaporate the solvent. The cured polymer was dried under vacuum at 50° C. The TGA of the sample was measured. Weight loss was found to be 1.4% at 250° C. and 3.8% at 300° C.
0.206 g of the polymer obtained in Synthetic Example 1, 0.05 g of triethylamine salt of nanofluorobutane sulfonic acid (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)) and 0.053 g of glycidyl end-capped poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin), average Mn ˜1,075 (available from Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in 2.25 g of ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt) to obtain a solution. The solution was heated to 200° C. to cure the polymer and evaporate the solvent. The cured polymer was dried under vacuum at 50° C. The TGA of the sample was measured. And the weight loss was found to be 0.81% at 250° C. and 2.5% at 300° C.
0.25 g of the copolymer obtained in Synthetic Example 3, 0.06 g of triethylamine salt of nanofluorobutane sulfonic acid (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)) were dissolved in 2.25 g of ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt) to obtain a solution. The solution was heated to 200° C. to cure the polymer and evaporate the solvent. The cured polymer was dried under vacuum at 50° C. The TGA of the sample was measured. Weight loss was found to be 3.2% at 250° C. and 15.2% at 300° C.
0.25 g of the terpolymer obtained in Synthetic Example 4, 0.06 g of triethylamine salt of nanofluorobutane sulfonic acid (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)) were dissolved in 2.25 g of ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt) to obtain a solution. Then the solution was heated to 200° C. to cure the polymer and evaporate the solvent. The cured polymer was dried under vacuum at 50° C. The TGA of the sample was measured. Weight loss was found to be 2.1% at 250° C. and 6.5% at 300° C.
0.25 g of the terpolymer obtained in Synthetic Example 8, 0.06 g of triethylamine salt of nanofluorobutane sulfonic acid (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)) were dissolved in 2.25 g of ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt) to obtain a solution. Then the solution was heated to 200° C. to cure the polymer and evaporate the solvent. The cured polymer was dried under vacuum at 50° C. The TGA of the sample was measured. Weight loss was found to be 1.6% at 250° C. and 5.6% at 300° C.
4.5 g of the polymer obtained in Synthetic Example 1, 1.0 g of triethylamine salt of nanofluorobutane sulfonic acid (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)), 0.40 g of FC4430 (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)) and 0.50 g of glycidyl end-capped poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin), average Mn ˜1,075 (available from Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in 45.0 g of ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt) to obtain a solution. The solution was filtered through a micro filter made of polyethylene having a pore diameter of 0.05 μm, to prepare a composition solution for a via-filling coating. Refractive index (n) and absorption parameter (k) at a wavelength of 193 nm were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The refractive index (n) was 1.73 and absorption parameter (k) was 0.39.
4.5 g of the terpolymer obtained in Synthetic Example 2, 1.0 g of triethylamine salt of nanofluorobutane sulfonic acid (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)), 0.40 g of FC4430 (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)) and 0.50 g of glycidyl end-capped poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin), average Mn ˜1,075 (available from Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in 45.0 g of ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt) to obtain a solution. The solution was filtered through a micro filter made of polyethylene having a pore diameter of 0.05 μm, to prepare a composition solution for via-filling coating. Refractive index (n) and absorption parameter (k) at a wavelength of 193 nm were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The refractive index (n) was 1.70 and absorption parameter (k) was 0.20.
4.5 g of the terpolymer obtained in Synthetic Example 4, 1.0 g of triethylamine salt of nanofluorobutane sulfonic acid (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)), 0.40 g of FC4430 (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)) and 0.50 g of glycidyl end-capped poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin), average Mn ˜1,075 (available from Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in 45.0 g of ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt) to obtain a solution. The solution was filtered through a micro filter made of polyethylene having a pore diameter of 0.05 μm, to prepare a composition solution for via-filling coating. Refractive index (n) and absorption parameter (k) at a wavelength of 193 nm were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The refractive index (n) was 1.73 and absorption parameter (k) was 0.43.
4.5 g of the terpolymer obtained in Synthetic Example 5, 1.0 g of triethylamine salt of nanofluorobutane sulfonic acid (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)), 0.40 g of FC4430 (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)) and 0.50 g of glycidyl end-capped poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin), average Mn ˜1,075 (available from Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in 45.0 g of ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt) to obtain a solution. The solution was filtered through a micro filter made of polyethylene having a pore diameter of 0.05 μm, to prepare a composition solution for via-filling coating. Refractive index (n) and absorption parameter (k) at a wavelength of 193 nm were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The refractive index (n) was 1.70 and absorption parameter (k) was 0.34.
4.5 g of the terpolymer obtained in Synthetic Example 6, 1.0 g of triethylamine salt of nanofluorobutane sulfonic acid (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)), 0.40 g of FC4430 (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)) and 0.50 g of glycidyl end-capped poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin), average Mn ˜1,075 (available from Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in 45.0 g of ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt) to obtain a solution. The solution was filtered through a micro filter made of polyethylene having a pore diameter of 0.05 μm, to prepare a composition solution for via-filling coating. Refractive index (n) and absorption parameter (k) at a wavelength of 193 nm were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The refractive index (n) was 1.66 and absorption parameter (k) was 0.61.
4.5 g of the terpolymer obtained in Synthetic Example 7, 1.0 g of triethylamine salt of nanofluorobutane sulfonic acid (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)), 0.40 g of FC4430 (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)) and 0.50 g of glycidyl end-capped poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin), average Mn ˜1,075 (available from Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in 45.0 g of ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt) to obtain a solution. The solution was filtered through a micro filter made of polyethylene having a pore diameter of 0.05 μm, to prepare a composition solution for via-filling coating. Refractive index (n) and absorption parameter (k) at a wavelength of 193 nm were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The refractive index (n) was 1.69 and absorption parameter (k) was 0.30.
4.5 g of the terpolymer obtained in Synthetic Example 8, 1.0 g of triethylamine salt of nanofluorobutane sulfonic acid (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)), 0.40 g of FC4430 (1 wt % solution in ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt)) and 0.50 g of glycidyl end-capped poly(bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin), average Mn ˜1,075 (available from Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in 45.0 g of ArF thinner (PGMEA/PGME 70/30 wt/wt) to obtain a solution. The solution was filtered through a micro filter made of polyethylene having a pore diameter of 0.05 μm, to prepare a composition solution for via-filling coating. Refractive index (n) and absorption parameter (k) at a wavelength of 193 nm were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The refractive index (n) was 1.75 and absorption parameter (k) was 0.52.
The composition from Formulation Example 6 was applied over silicon wafer substrates having preformed isolated and dense holes (300, 200, 160, 140, and 130 nm in diameter and 650 nm in depth) by spinning. The coated wafers were then heated on a hot plate at 250° C. for 90 sec to form a 300 nm thick film.
The via-filling performance was evaluated by observing the cross-sectional shape of the obtained substrate using scanning electron microscopy. As seen in
The composition from Formulation Example 7 was applied over silicon wafer substrates having preformed isolated and dense holes (300, 200, 160, 140, and 130 nm in diameter and 650 nm in depth) by spinning. The coated wafers were then heated on a hot plate at 250° C. for 90 sec to form a 300 nm thick film.
The via-filling performance was evaluated by observing the cross-sectional shape of the obtained substrate using scanning electron microscopy. The holes were filled completely and no voids were seen when baked at 250° C. Iso-dense bias and flat-dense bias data are shown in Table 2. The average iso-dense bias (the difference between top layer film thickness of isolated and dense via) was about 102 nm. The average flat-dense bias (the difference between top layer film thickness of flat and dense via) was about 97 nm.
The composition from Formulation Example 8 was applied over silicon wafer substrates having preformed isolated and dense holes (300, 200, 160, 140, and 130 nm in diameter and 650 nm in depth) by spinning. The coated wafers were then heated on a hot plate at 250° C. for 90 sec to form a 300 nm thick film.
The via-filling performance was evaluated by observing the cross-sectional shape of the obtained substrate using scanning electron microscopy. The holes were filled completely and no voids were seen when baked at 250° C. The average iso-dense bias (the difference between top layer film thickness of isolated and dense via) was about 67 nm. The average flat-dense bias (the difference between top layer film thickness of flat and dense via) was about 73 nm.
The composition from Formulation Example 9 was applied over silicon wafer substrates having preformed isolated and dense holes (300, 200, 160, 140, and 130 nm in diameter and 650 nm in depth) by spinning. The coated wafers were then heated on a hot plate at 250° C. for 90 sec to form a 300 nm thick film.
The via-filling performance was evaluated by observing the cross-sectional shape of the obtained substrate using scanning electron microscopy. The holes were filled completely and no voids were seen when baked at 250° C. The average iso-dense bias (the difference between top layer film thickness of isolated and dense via) was about 93 nm. The average flat-dense bias (the difference between top layer film thickness of flat and dense via) was about 100 nm.
The composition from Formulation Example 10 was applied over silicon wafer substrates having preformed isolated and dense holes (300, 200, 160, 140, and 130 nm in diameter and 650 nm in depth) by spinning. The coated wafers were then heated on a hot plate at 250° C. for 90 sec to form a 300 nm thick film.
The via-filling performance was evaluated by observing the cross-sectional shape of the obtained substrate using scanning electron microscopy. The holes were filled completely and no voids were seen when baked at 250° C. The average iso-dense bias (the difference between top layer film thickness of isolated and dense via) was about 142 nm. The average flat-dense bias (the difference between top layer film thickness of flat and dense via) was about 150 nm.
The composition from Formulation Example 11 was applied over silicon wafer substrates having preformed isolated and dense holes (300, 200, 160, 140, and 130 nm in diameter and 650 nm in depth) by spinning. The coated wafers were then heated on a hot plate at 250° C. for 90 sec to form a 300 nm thick film.
The via-filling performance was evaluated by observing the cross-sectional shape of the obtained substrate using scanning electron microscopy. The holes were filled completely and no voids were seen when baked at 250° C. The average iso-dense bias (the difference between top layer film thickness of isolated and dense via) was about 77 nm. The average flat-dense bias (the difference between top layer film thickness of flat and dense via) was about 81 nm.
The composition from Formulation Example 12 was applied over silicon wafer substrates having preformed isolated and dense holes (300, 200, 160, 140, and 130 nm in diameter and 650 nm in depth) by spinning. The coated wafers were then heated on a hot plate at 250° C. for 90 sec to form a 300 nm thick film.
The via-filling performance was evaluated by observing the cross-sectional shape of the obtained substrate using scanning electron microscopy. The holes were filled completely and no voids were seen when baked at 250° C. The average iso-dense bias (the difference between top layer film thickness of isolated and dense via) was about 81 nm. The average flat-dense bias (the difference between top layer film thickness of flat and dense via) was about 79 nm.
The foregoing description of the invention illustrates and describes the present invention. Additionally, the disclosure shows and describes only the preferred embodiments of the invention but, as mentioned above, it is to be understood that the invention is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings and/or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. The embodiments described hereinabove are further intended to explain best modes known of practicing the invention and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the invention in such, or other, embodiments and with the various modifications required by the particular applications or uses of the invention. Accordingly, the description is not intended to limit the invention to the form disclosed herein. Also, it is intended that the appended claims be construed to include alternative embodiments.
