Patent Application
20190348338
The invention relates to an electronic module, especially power module, having at least one electrical/electronic component and having a housing that at least partly surrounds the component, wherein the housing is manufactured from cement composite, and wherein the cement composite includes cement and at least one particulate filler.
The invention further relates to a process for producing such an electronic module.
Electronic modules of the type specified at the outset are known from the prior art. For instance, published specification EP 2 958 139 A1 describes a semiconductor module having at least one semiconductor component covered by an encapsulating compound consisting of cement. The encapsulating compound includes a filler in the form of aluminum nitride particles or alumina particles and hence forms a cement composite. Document US 2004/0105980 A1 describes particles that may have a particle core and a multitude of coatings surrounding the particle core.
What is envisaged in accordance with the invention is that the particulate filler includes aluminum nitride particles each having a coating solely of alumina. This results in the advantage that the aluminum nitride particles are arrangeable/integratable in a protected manner in the cement, such that the thermal conductivity of the aluminum nitride particles (thermal conductivity of aluminum nitride: 180 W/mK) is utilizable to increase the thermal conductivity of the cement composite. What is meant here by “protected” is that the aluminum nitride does not react with the cement owing to the coating with alumina and dissolve or break down as it does so. The enhanced thermal conductivity of the cement composite assures particularly effective conduction of heat. If the temperature of a component encapsulated especially by a housing of cement composite, for example a transistor, rises during operation, for example owing to power losses during a switching operation, the heat that arises is rapidly and reliably dissipated from the component into the cement composite.
In a preferred development of the invention, the filler is distributed homogeneously in the cement composite. The advantage here is that the thermal conductivity is the same throughout the cement composite. This assures optimal conduction of heat from the component into the cement composite. What this especially prevents is that regions in the cement composite have only a small proportion of filler, if any, and so the component is damaged because conduction of heat is too low and hence evolution of heat is too high.
More preferably, the filler is a granular material or powder. The advantage here is that the filler is introduceable into and miscible with the cement in a simple manner. Moreover, an amount of the filler that is to be introduced into the cement is thus determinable or meterable in a simple manner. This assures exact meterability of the filler in the cement. Preferably, the filler, especially the aluminum nitride particles, has at least essentially a spherical shape. Moreover, it is preferably the case that the filler is in cavity-free form in order to avoid trapping of gas, which can especially react in a critical manner with the cement. Preferably, the diameter of the aluminum nitride particles themselves or that of the aluminum nitride particles additionally having the coating of alumina is at least 0.1 μm and at most 500 μm. The layer thickness of the coating of alumina is preferably at least 1 nm and at most 100 nm. Alternatively, the filler is in the form of a suspension.
Preferably, the cement or a base compound of the cement composite is manufactured from inorganic material. The advantage here is that the cement or the base compound of the cement composite is producible inexpensively and in a simple manner. Inorganic material is preferably cement, for example alumina cement, phosphate cement or portland cement. Preferably, the cement or the base compound of the cement composite additionally includes at least one inorganic additive, for example sand or rock.
In a preferred development of the invention, at least one further filler, especially nitridic ceramic particles or silicon carbide particles, has been introduced into the cement composite. The advantage here is that thermal and/or physical properties of the cement composite are adjustable or configurable in a controlled manner. A physical property is especially the thermal conductivity or heat conductivity, which is configurable via nitridic ceramic particles, for example boron nitride or silicon nitride. A further property is, for example, a hardness of the cement composite, especially a compressive strength, which is adjustable via the introduction of silicon carbide particles. Preferably, the further fillers likewise have a coating of alumina.
Preferably, at least one heat sink is assigned to the housing. The advantage here is that the heat sink avoids overheating of the component in operation of the component, so as to assure stable operation of the component. The heat sink releases the heat that arises in operation of the component, preferably via conduction of heat and/or convection, to a surrounding medium, for example air or water. Alternatively or additionally, the heat sink releases the heat that arises to the surrounding medium by thermal radiation. Preferably, the heat sink includes a material having a high thermal conductivity, for example copper. In order that the heat sink can effectively release and remove the heat, it preferably has cooling fins. These increase a heat-releasing or heat-removing surface area of the heat sink, which improves the release of heat to the surrounding medium. The component is preferably disposed on a substrate, for example a ceramic substrate. The heat sink is preferably disposed on an opposite side of the substrate from the component and is especially bonded to the substrate by means of a joining material, for example a metallic soft solder material or a polymeric TIM material.
It is more preferably the case that the heat sink takes the form of a coolant duct and extends through the cement composite such that sections of its longitudinal extent are surrounded completely by the cement composite. The advantage here is that the coolant duct, owing to its extent through the cement composite and its integration into the cement composite, particularly effectively absorbs heat and hence advantageously cools the electronic module. The coolant duct is preferably bonded in a form-fitting and/or cohesive manner to the cement composite by virtue of the integration within the cement composite. Preferably, the coolant duct is a copper tube through which a cooling liquid, for example water, or a cooling gas, for example air, flows or can flow. By virtue of only sections of the coolant duct being surrounded completely by the cement composite, the regions that are not surrounded by cement composite are especially assigned to the surrounding medium. This ensures that the coolant duct is coolable by the surrounding medium, which additionally improves removal of heat from the component to the surrounding medium. An alternative envisaged is that the coolant duct is arranged entirely within the cement composite. It is preferably the case that the electronic module has multiple heat sinks, for example a heat sink bonded to the substrate and a coolant duct integrated into the cement composite. Preferably, the coolant duct is in meandering form. The coolant duct alternatively or additionally releases the heat that arises in operation of the component preferably via phase transformation to the surrounding medium.
The process of the invention for producing an electronic module, especially power module, has the features of claim 8. This results in the advantages already mentioned. Further advantages and preferred features will be apparent more particularly from the above description and from the claims. For production of a castable cement composite compound, preferably the base compound, the additives and/or the fillers are mixed first with one another and then with water. Alternatively or additionally, in particular, the fillers are added to a castable cement compound consisting of the base compound and/or the at least one additive only after it has been produced.
It is preferably the case that, according to the features of claim 9, at least one heat sink is assigned to the housing. This results in the advantages already mentioned. Further advantages and preferred features will be apparent more particularly from the above description and from the claims. Preferably, in the case of encapsulation of the component, the heat sink is also encapsulated with cement composite. This assures a form-fitting and/or cohesive and hence stable bond of the heat sink or of the coolant duct to the cement composite.
It is preferably the case that, according to the features of claim 10, the aluminum nitride particles are provided with a coating solely of alumina by oxidizing the aluminum nitride particles. This results in a particularly simple and inexpensive operation for providing the aluminum nitride particles with a coating. The aluminum nitride particles are preferably oxidized at a temperature of 1200° C.
It is more preferably the case that, according to the features of claim 11, the aluminum nitride particles are provided with a coating solely of alumina by applying the alumina to the aluminum nitride particles by means of a deposition process. The advantage here is that thus definable layer thicknesses of alumina are applicable to the aluminum nitride particles. What is meant by a deposition process is more particularly a coating process. For example, a deposition process is a chemical gas phase deposition or else a physical coating method. These include, for example, evaporation methods such as electron beam evaporation methods.
The invention is to be elucidated in detail hereinafter with reference to the drawings. In this regard, the following is shown by the figures hereinafter:
The coating with alumina 4 prevents breakdown and dissolution of the aluminum nitride particles 3 in the cement 18. This ensures that the thermal properties, especially the high thermal conductivity of 180 W/mK of aluminum nitride, can advantageously be utilized for the thermal conductivity of the cement composite 1.
Preferably, the filler 2 is distributed homogeneously in the cement 18. This especially assures homogeneous conduction of heat by the cement composite 1.
Preferably, at least one further filler 5, especially nitridic ceramic particles or SiC particles, has been introduced into the cement composite 1. Nitridic ceramic particles are, for example, boron nitride (BN) or silicon nitride (Si3N4).
The heat sink 13 preferably takes the form of a coolant duct 15 and extends through the cement composite 1 in such a way that sections of its longitudinal extent are completely surrounded by the cement composite 1. The coolant duct 15 is preferably in meandering form. For illustration of meandering form, it should be mentioned that the sections 16 come out of the plane of the paper and the sections 17 go into the plane of the paper. Preferably, the coolant duct 13 is a copper tube through which a cooling liquid, for example water, or a cooling gas, for example air, flows.
By means of the particularly advantageously heat-conducting cement composite 1, the heat that arises in operation of component 7 can effectively be guided into the heat sink(s) 12, 13. This allows a use temperature of component 7 to be increased to temperatures exceeding 200° C. The use of the heat sink(s) 12, 13 ensures that, for component 7, both cooling by the heat sink 12 and cooling by the heat sink 13 is possible.
Because the coolant duct 15 integrated within the cement composite 1 results in new design and also partitioning options independently of the heat sink 12 bonded to the substrate 11, it is possible to dispense with cooling by the heat sink 12. It is therefore preferably the case that the coolant duct 15 is provided as a single heat sink 13.
In a first step S1, at least one electrical/electronic component 7 is provided. This component 7 is, for example, a transistor, an inductor, a transformer or another power module.
In a second step S2, a cement 18 or a base compound of the cement composite 1 is provided. Preferably, the cement 18 or the base compound of the cement composite 1 is manufactured from inorganic material. The inorganic material is preferably a cement, for example alumina cement, portland cement or phosphate cement. Further inorganic materials, especially additives, included in the cement 18 or the base compound of the cement composite 1 are, for example, ceramic, rock, sand and/or minerals.
In a third step S3, aluminum nitride particles 3 are provided. The aluminum nitride particles 3 are in the form of granular material or powder and preferably have a diameter of at least 0.1 μm to 500 μm. It is alternatively or additionally the case that the filler 2 is in suspension form.
In a fourth step S4, the aluminum nitride particles 3 are each provided with a coating solely of alumina 4. The provision with alumina 4 is preferably effected by a thermal oxidation of the aluminum nitride particles 3 under air at a temperature of preferably 1200° C. It is alternatively or additionally the case that, by means of a deposition process or coating method, the aluminum nitride particles 3 are coated with alumina 4. In this way, it is possible firstly to apply the alumina 4 with a definable layer thickness, preferably 1 nm to 100 nm, to the aluminum nitride particles 3. Secondly, it is possible in this way to apply a second coating including another material, for example silica, to the aluminum nitride particles 3. Suitable deposition processes are especially chemical and/or physical deposition processes, for example a chemical or physical gas phase deposition.
In a fifth step S5, the aluminum nitride particles 3 that have been provided with a coating solely of alumina 4 are introduced into the cement composite 1. The aluminum nitride particles 3 or the filler 2 are preferably mixed with the still-dry cement 18, especially the base compound. Alternatively or additionally, the filler 2 is mixed with a castable cement compound consisting of the base compound and/or at least one additive. For production of the castable cement composite compound, the base compound, the additives and/or the fillers 2 are preferably mixed first with one another and then with water. Preference is given to providing a monomodal admixture of the aluminum nitride particles 3 into the cement 18 or a multimodal admixture of the aluminum nitride particles 3. Preference is given to a bi- or trimodal admixture. Alternatively or additionally, at least one heat sink 12, 13 is assigned to the housing 8. In this way, the heat sink 12, 13 is encapsulated together with the component 7 in the cement composite 1. This ensures that the heat sink 12, 13 is cohesively bonded to the cement composite 1. This ensures a stable arrangement of the heat sink 12, 13 in the cement composite 1 and hence particularly advantageous conduction of heat from the component 7 through the cement composite 1 to the heat sink 12, 13.
In a sixth step S6, the component 7 and preferably further components of the electronic module 5, especially an electrical contacting means 10 and/or a substrate 11, are encapsulated at least partly with the cement composite 1 in order thus to produce a housing 8 at least partly surrounding the component 7. After the component 8 has been encapsulated, the castable, especially liquid, cement composite compound is set and dried. For encapsulation of the component 7, the component 7 is preferably surrounded by a casting mold (not shown here), which is filled with the castable cement composite compound. After the castable cement composite compound has set and dried, the casting mold is then removed from the dried cement composite compound or cement composite 1.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2016 226 262.9 | Dec 2016 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2017/084292 | 12/22/2017 | WO | 00 |
